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O
ne of the more recent applications of membrane
Peter Miller and Ronald vanʼt Oever of Norit X- technology is in membrane bioreactors (MBR). The
Flow, and Stephan van Hoof of Norit enlighten us MBR design target is an ideal combination of bacteria
on the development and successful application of to reduce the organic content of waste and membrane
technology to remove particulate matter to produce high quality
a new generation of MBR — the side stream air lift
water for reuse.
MBR The first generation of MBRs were developed some
20 years ago for industrial applications and used tubular
Flux (L/m2h) 45 – 60 45 – 60 Time 2 hours (2x per day) except during peak
Circulation flow (m3/h) 25 20 Flux rate 45 gfd 76.5 Lmh 30 gfd 51 Lmh
Airlift flow (Nm3/h) 15 10 Circulation flow 95 gpm 21.6 m3/h 70 gpm 15.9 m3/h
Back-pulse flow (L/m2h) 350 350 Airlift flow 6 SCFM 10 m3/h 6 SCFM 10 m3/h
Interval (Filtration/Backpulse) 7 min / 4 s 7 min / 7 s Backwash flow 240 gfd 408 Lmh 240 gfd 408 Lmh
Table 1: Pilot results from Austria and Holland. Backwash interval 10 min
Graph of trans-membrane pressure (tmp), flux and permeability of the pilot in Holland.
Graph of trans-membrane pressure (tmp), flux and permeability — San Diego pilot.
construction incorporating a 3.5-MLD X-Flow AirLift MBR. tabulated in Table 2 on page 40.
The plant should be on-line in the second half of 2007. The The flux level (and power consumption) found in the pilot
operating parameters for the pilot are tabulated in Table 1. An plant at a steady state flux rate of about 50 Lmh and a peak
overview of the typical performance of the Ootmarsum pilot is flux of 75 Lmh twice for 2 hours each day are significantly
shown in the graph on page 40. higher than a submerged MBR. The peak flux is designed to
The third pilot to be described is in San Diego, California, handle diurnal variations in the feedwater flow.
and it has achieved Title 22 approval for Norit X-Flow partner An overview of the typical performance of the San Diego
Parkson Corporation. Typical operating data for the pilot is pilot is shown above.
Figure 1: Membrane skids positioned around the BR tank in the Palm Jumeirah.
HMI. This is now a reality as even the membrane cleaning can application at a whole of life cost at least equal to or better
be executed automatically or by the push of a button without than submerged MBR has been achieved while offering a small
having to handle effluent covered modules. footprint, ease of automation and simple maintenance. The
Currently, several smaller plants are operating in the USA third generation of MBR is now a commercial reality. WWA
and a number of larger plants are under construction in Europe Enquiry No: 003
and the Middle East.
The plants operating in the USA are treating municipal
wastewater in small communities and pictures of
two of these plants, operational since 2004, are
shown on the left.
Conclusion
The original challenge of finding a way to apply
tubular side stream membranes into a MBR Figure 3: Port of the Islands.