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SOLUTION for EXAM 1

1.) A cast iron conduit shaped as an equilateral triangle has an inside area of 0.05m2 and is 2km long,
𝐿
if crude oil at 30°C flows inside the conduit at 200 𝑠 . Find the head loss.

Given:

Material: Cast Iron Conduit

𝐴 = 0.05𝑚2
𝐿 = 2𝑘𝑚 = 2000𝑚
𝐿 𝑚3
𝑄 = 200 = .2
𝑠 𝑠

Fluid: Water at 30℃


Req’d:
𝐻𝐿 =?
Sol’n:
𝐿 𝑣2
𝐻𝐿 = 𝑓 ( ) ( ) → 𝒆𝒒. 𝟏
𝐷 2𝑔

For f:

Determine if laminar or turbulent flow,


𝑣𝐷
𝑅𝑒 = → 𝒆𝒒. 𝟐
𝜐

𝑄 = 𝑣𝐴

𝑚3
𝑄 0.2 𝑠 𝑚
𝑣= = 2
=4
𝐴 0.05𝑚 𝑠

For D:
𝐴
𝐷 = 4𝑅 ; 𝐴𝑙𝑠𝑜, 𝑅 =
𝑃

𝐴
𝐷=4 → 𝒆𝒒. 𝟑
𝑃

𝑃 = 3𝑏

1 1 𝑏
𝐴 = (𝑏 𝑥 ℎ) = (𝑏)( 𝑡𝑎𝑛60)
2 2 2
𝑏2
0.05𝑚2 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛60
4

𝑏 = 0.3398 𝑚 ; 𝑎𝑛𝑑

𝑃 = 1.0194𝑚

Using eq. 3:

. 05𝑚2
𝐷 = 4( )
1.0194𝑚

𝐷 = 0.19619𝑚

For Vk, found in second graph page 1-8

𝑚2
𝑉𝑘 = 7 𝑥10−7
𝑠

Using eq. 2:
𝑚
4 𝑠 (.19619𝑚)
𝑅𝑒 =
𝑚2
7 𝑥10−6 𝑠

𝑅𝑒 = 112114.2857, 𝑇𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑤

Use Colebrook equation;

𝜀
1 𝐷 2.51
= −2𝑙𝑜𝑔( + ), 𝒆𝒒. 𝟒
√𝑓 3.7 𝑅𝑒√𝑓

For 𝜀 of Cast Iron (new), found in table page 1-7;

𝜀 = 0.26 𝑚𝑚 𝑜𝑟 .00026𝑚

Using eq. 4:
0.00026m
1 2.51
= −2log( 0.19619m + )
√f 3.7 112114.2857√f

f = 0.023032

Finally, Using eq. 1:

L v2
HL = f ( ) ( )
D 2g
m
0.023032(2000m)(4 s )2
HL = m
2(0.19619m)(9.807 2 )
s

𝐇𝐋 = 𝟏𝟗𝟏. 𝟓𝟑 𝐦

2.) Gasoline at 20°C is pumped from tank A to B through a 75-mm x 1.2km GI pipe. The elevation
difference between the water surfaces of tanks B and A is 7m, for a pump efficiency of 88% and a
𝑘𝑔
flow rate of 33000 ℎ𝑟 , determine the required power.

Given:

Pump A → B

D = 75 mm = 0.075 m

L = 1. 2km = 1200m

ZB − ZA = 7m

η p = 84.7%

kg
m = 33000
hr

Material: GI Pipe

Req’d:

𝑃 =?
SOLUTION:

vA2 PA vB2 PB
zA + + + Hp = zB + + + HL
2g γ 2g γ
zA + 0 + 0 + Hp = zB + 0 + 0 + HL
Hp = (ZB − ZA ) + HL → eq. 1

0.0826fLQ2
HL = D5
→ eq. 2

For Q, and f;
kg 𝑁𝑠
ρ and µ for Gasoline at 20°C found in table page 1-8; ρ = 680 m3
; µ = 2.92 x 10−4 𝑚2
kg 1 hr
m 33000 ( ) m3
hr 3600s
Q= ρ
= kg = 0.01348 s
680 3
m

−4 𝑁𝑠
µ 2.92 x 10 𝑚2
Vk = = kg = 4.29 x 10−7
ρ 680 3
m

m3
4𝑄 4(0.01348 s )
𝑅𝑒 = = = 532923.423 ; 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤
𝜋Vk D 𝜋(1.8𝑥10−6 )(0.075)

Use Colebrook equation;

𝜀
1 𝐷 2.51
= −2𝑙𝑜𝑔( + )
√𝑓 3.7 𝑅𝑒√𝑓

For 𝜀 of GI Pipe, found in table page 1-7;

𝜀 = 0.15 𝑚𝑚

0.15𝑚𝑚
1 2.51
= −2log( 75𝑚𝑚 + )
√𝑓 3.7 532923.423 √𝑓

f = 0.023766613
Using eq. 2:

s2
0.0826 fLQ2
HL = m
D5
s2 m3 2
0.0826 (0.023766613)(1200𝑚)( 0.01348 )
𝑚 s
𝐻𝐿 = 0.0755
= 180.39 m

Using eq. 1:

Hp = (ZB − ZA ) + HL
Hp = (7m) + 180.39 m = 187.39m
kg m m3
Pt Pt γQHp 𝜌𝑔𝑄Hp (680 m3)(9.807s2)(0.01348 s )(187.39m)
ηp = P
; P= ηp
= ηp = ηp = 0.88

P= 19142.16 W or 19.14kW
3.) The pressure difference between the ends of a 300mm-diameter x 150m-long horizontal pipe
wrought iron pipe is 43.6kPa. Determine the flow rate, if water at 25°C flows inside the pipe.

Given:

D = 300mm=0.3m

L = 150m

Horizontal pipe

Material: Wrought Iron


𝛥𝑃 = 43.6kPa

Water at 25°C

Req’d:

𝑄 =?
Solution:

vA2 PA vB2 PB
zA + + = zB + + + HL
2g γ 2g γ
PA PB
0+0+ γ
= 0+0+ γ
+ HL

𝑃A − 𝑃𝐵 𝛥𝑃
𝐻𝐿 = =
𝛾 ρg
For ρ and Vk found in second table page 1-7;

Temperature (°C) Density, ρ (kg/m3) Kinematic


Viscosity, Vk (m2/s)
20 998.2 1.004 x 10-6

25 995.95 9.0245 x 10-7


30 995.7 8.009 x 10-7

𝛥𝑃 43600 𝑃𝑎
𝐻𝐿 = 𝜌g
= 𝑘g 𝑚 = 4.464m
995.95 3 (9.807 2 )
𝑚 𝑠

0.0826fLQ2
HL = ;
D5
0.0826f(150)Q2
4.46m =
0.35
8.75483 x 10−4
f= → eq. 1
Q2
4𝑄 4𝑄
𝑅𝑒 = =
𝜋Vk D 𝜋(9.0245 x 10−7 )(0.3)
Re = 4702899.68𝑄 → 𝑒𝑞. 2
Assume Turbulent and use Colebrook equation;
𝜀
1 𝐷 2.51
= −2𝑙𝑜𝑔( + )
√𝑓 3.7 𝑅𝑒√𝑓

For 𝜀 of Wrought Iron Pipe, found in table page 1-7;

𝜀 = 0.045 𝑚𝑚

0.045
1 300 + 2.51
= −2 log
3.7
8.75483 x 10−4 8.75483 x 10−4
√ 4702899.68𝑄√
Q2 Q2
( )

𝐦𝟑
𝑸 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟓
𝐬

For checking, use equation 2;


Re = 4702899.68(0.2505)
Re = 1177855.982 ; there assumption is right.

4.) In a 75mm x 100m steel pipe system, there is one globe valve, one check valve, and two 90°
𝑚
elbows. Determine the head loss if fluid conveyed is water at 20°C and the velocity is 2.8 𝑠 .
Entrance is rounded and discharge is submerged.

Given:

D = 75mm = 0.075m

L = 100m

Material: Steel Pipe


One Globe Valve, One Check Valve, two 90° elbows

Entrance: Rounded, Exit: Submerged

water at 20°C
𝑚
v = 2.8 𝑠

Req’d:

𝐻𝐿 =?
Solution:

𝑣 2 𝑓𝐿
𝐻𝐿 = ( + 𝛴𝐾) → 𝑒𝑞. 1
2𝑔 𝐷

For ρ and Vk of water @ 20 deg found in second table page 1-7;


kg
ρ = 998.2 m3
; Vk = 1.004 x 10−6

𝑣𝐷 (2.8)(0.075)
𝑅𝑒 = = = 209163.35 ; 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤
Vk 1.004 x 10−6

Use Colebrook equation;


𝜀
1 𝐷 2.51
= −2𝑙𝑜𝑔( + )
√𝑓 3.7 𝑅𝑒√𝑓

For 𝜀 of Steel Pipe, found in table page 1-7;

𝜀 = 0.045 𝑚𝑚
0.045𝑚𝑚
1 2.51
= −2𝑙𝑜𝑔( 75𝑚𝑚 + )
√𝑓 3.7 209163.35√𝑓

𝑓 = 0.01924

For 𝛴𝐾;

𝛴𝐾 = 𝐾𝐺𝑉 +𝐾𝐶𝑉 +2𝐾90 +𝐾𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑡 +𝐾𝑒𝑛𝑡


Where in Normal Pipe Size in in;
1𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ
𝐷 = 75𝑚𝑚 ( ) = 3𝑖𝑛
25𝑚𝑚
𝛴𝐾 = 6.1 + 1.8 + 2(0.54) + 0.05 + 1 = 10.03
Using eq. 1;

2.82 0.01924(100)
𝐻𝐿 = ( + 10.03)
2(9.807) (0.075)

𝑯𝑳 = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟐𝟔 𝒎

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