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1.) A cast iron conduit shaped as an equilateral triangle has an inside area of 0.05m2 and is 2km long,
𝐿
if crude oil at 30°C flows inside the conduit at 200 𝑠 . Find the head loss.
Given:
𝐴 = 0.05𝑚2
𝐿 = 2𝑘𝑚 = 2000𝑚
𝐿 𝑚3
𝑄 = 200 = .2
𝑠 𝑠
For f:
𝑄 = 𝑣𝐴
𝑚3
𝑄 0.2 𝑠 𝑚
𝑣= = 2
=4
𝐴 0.05𝑚 𝑠
For D:
𝐴
𝐷 = 4𝑅 ; 𝐴𝑙𝑠𝑜, 𝑅 =
𝑃
𝐴
𝐷=4 → 𝒆𝒒. 𝟑
𝑃
𝑃 = 3𝑏
1 1 𝑏
𝐴 = (𝑏 𝑥 ℎ) = (𝑏)( 𝑡𝑎𝑛60)
2 2 2
𝑏2
0.05𝑚2 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛60
4
𝑏 = 0.3398 𝑚 ; 𝑎𝑛𝑑
𝑃 = 1.0194𝑚
Using eq. 3:
. 05𝑚2
𝐷 = 4( )
1.0194𝑚
𝐷 = 0.19619𝑚
𝑚2
𝑉𝑘 = 7 𝑥10−7
𝑠
Using eq. 2:
𝑚
4 𝑠 (.19619𝑚)
𝑅𝑒 =
𝑚2
7 𝑥10−6 𝑠
𝜀
1 𝐷 2.51
= −2𝑙𝑜𝑔( + ), 𝒆𝒒. 𝟒
√𝑓 3.7 𝑅𝑒√𝑓
𝜀 = 0.26 𝑚𝑚 𝑜𝑟 .00026𝑚
Using eq. 4:
0.00026m
1 2.51
= −2log( 0.19619m + )
√f 3.7 112114.2857√f
f = 0.023032
L v2
HL = f ( ) ( )
D 2g
m
0.023032(2000m)(4 s )2
HL = m
2(0.19619m)(9.807 2 )
s
𝐇𝐋 = 𝟏𝟗𝟏. 𝟓𝟑 𝐦
2.) Gasoline at 20°C is pumped from tank A to B through a 75-mm x 1.2km GI pipe. The elevation
difference between the water surfaces of tanks B and A is 7m, for a pump efficiency of 88% and a
𝑘𝑔
flow rate of 33000 ℎ𝑟 , determine the required power.
Given:
Pump A → B
D = 75 mm = 0.075 m
L = 1. 2km = 1200m
ZB − ZA = 7m
η p = 84.7%
kg
m = 33000
hr
Material: GI Pipe
Req’d:
𝑃 =?
SOLUTION:
vA2 PA vB2 PB
zA + + + Hp = zB + + + HL
2g γ 2g γ
zA + 0 + 0 + Hp = zB + 0 + 0 + HL
Hp = (ZB − ZA ) + HL → eq. 1
0.0826fLQ2
HL = D5
→ eq. 2
For Q, and f;
kg 𝑁𝑠
ρ and µ for Gasoline at 20°C found in table page 1-8; ρ = 680 m3
; µ = 2.92 x 10−4 𝑚2
kg 1 hr
m 33000 ( ) m3
hr 3600s
Q= ρ
= kg = 0.01348 s
680 3
m
−4 𝑁𝑠
µ 2.92 x 10 𝑚2
Vk = = kg = 4.29 x 10−7
ρ 680 3
m
m3
4𝑄 4(0.01348 s )
𝑅𝑒 = = = 532923.423 ; 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤
𝜋Vk D 𝜋(1.8𝑥10−6 )(0.075)
𝜀
1 𝐷 2.51
= −2𝑙𝑜𝑔( + )
√𝑓 3.7 𝑅𝑒√𝑓
𝜀 = 0.15 𝑚𝑚
0.15𝑚𝑚
1 2.51
= −2log( 75𝑚𝑚 + )
√𝑓 3.7 532923.423 √𝑓
f = 0.023766613
Using eq. 2:
s2
0.0826 fLQ2
HL = m
D5
s2 m3 2
0.0826 (0.023766613)(1200𝑚)( 0.01348 )
𝑚 s
𝐻𝐿 = 0.0755
= 180.39 m
Using eq. 1:
Hp = (ZB − ZA ) + HL
Hp = (7m) + 180.39 m = 187.39m
kg m m3
Pt Pt γQHp 𝜌𝑔𝑄Hp (680 m3)(9.807s2)(0.01348 s )(187.39m)
ηp = P
; P= ηp
= ηp = ηp = 0.88
P= 19142.16 W or 19.14kW
3.) The pressure difference between the ends of a 300mm-diameter x 150m-long horizontal pipe
wrought iron pipe is 43.6kPa. Determine the flow rate, if water at 25°C flows inside the pipe.
Given:
D = 300mm=0.3m
L = 150m
Horizontal pipe
Water at 25°C
Req’d:
𝑄 =?
Solution:
vA2 PA vB2 PB
zA + + = zB + + + HL
2g γ 2g γ
PA PB
0+0+ γ
= 0+0+ γ
+ HL
𝑃A − 𝑃𝐵 𝛥𝑃
𝐻𝐿 = =
𝛾 ρg
For ρ and Vk found in second table page 1-7;
𝛥𝑃 43600 𝑃𝑎
𝐻𝐿 = 𝜌g
= 𝑘g 𝑚 = 4.464m
995.95 3 (9.807 2 )
𝑚 𝑠
0.0826fLQ2
HL = ;
D5
0.0826f(150)Q2
4.46m =
0.35
8.75483 x 10−4
f= → eq. 1
Q2
4𝑄 4𝑄
𝑅𝑒 = =
𝜋Vk D 𝜋(9.0245 x 10−7 )(0.3)
Re = 4702899.68𝑄 → 𝑒𝑞. 2
Assume Turbulent and use Colebrook equation;
𝜀
1 𝐷 2.51
= −2𝑙𝑜𝑔( + )
√𝑓 3.7 𝑅𝑒√𝑓
𝜀 = 0.045 𝑚𝑚
0.045
1 300 + 2.51
= −2 log
3.7
8.75483 x 10−4 8.75483 x 10−4
√ 4702899.68𝑄√
Q2 Q2
( )
𝐦𝟑
𝑸 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟓
𝐬
4.) In a 75mm x 100m steel pipe system, there is one globe valve, one check valve, and two 90°
𝑚
elbows. Determine the head loss if fluid conveyed is water at 20°C and the velocity is 2.8 𝑠 .
Entrance is rounded and discharge is submerged.
Given:
D = 75mm = 0.075m
L = 100m
water at 20°C
𝑚
v = 2.8 𝑠
Req’d:
𝐻𝐿 =?
Solution:
𝑣 2 𝑓𝐿
𝐻𝐿 = ( + 𝛴𝐾) → 𝑒𝑞. 1
2𝑔 𝐷
𝑣𝐷 (2.8)(0.075)
𝑅𝑒 = = = 209163.35 ; 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤
Vk 1.004 x 10−6
𝜀 = 0.045 𝑚𝑚
0.045𝑚𝑚
1 2.51
= −2𝑙𝑜𝑔( 75𝑚𝑚 + )
√𝑓 3.7 209163.35√𝑓
𝑓 = 0.01924
For 𝛴𝐾;
2.82 0.01924(100)
𝐻𝐿 = ( + 10.03)
2(9.807) (0.075)
𝑯𝑳 = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟐𝟔 𝒎