DUKE UNIVERSITY - School of Engineering EGR 075 : Mechanics of Solids --- Fall 1996 p. Lof 2 EFFECTIVE BUCKLED LENGTHS and INELASTIC BUCKLING STRESS ASSUMPTIONS: Equilibrium; Plane sections remain plane; M(x) = EL v"(x) ‘The buckled shape of a pin-ended column, of length L, is a half-sine, 2 Tex Re = Le = 7 elastic buckling, L pin ended column’ ‘The buckled shape of a fixed-ended column, of length L, is a full-cosine ‘The middle half of a full cosine wave is a half-sine wave. So, the force required to buckle a fixed-ended column of lensth L is the same as the force required to buckle a pin-ended column of length 0.5 b 2 Tl ex z elastic buckling, (kn) fixed ended column, k=0.5 Re Likewise, the critical load for other support conditions may be found by using a value for k corresponding to the desired support condition. 22 v wt 2b tae W\c | : | “SL | | | [74 | | | = | . | | | : x k=0.5 0.7 For elastic colum buckling, i, For column yielding, Tee 17 1(>) e @ r t naenee strain (eL/z) When the stress approaches the yield stress, two important issues arise: 1. At high stress, the modulus, B, is not constant. ‘The slope of the stress-strain curve decreases with strain. The modulus starts to decrease before T = Cys 2, In most steel, hot-rolled, or welded structures, thermal stresses exist. Some portions of the steel are in compression and some are in tension even when no external loads are present. So yielding in the section occurs before P= ( Oys) (A). These two complications lower the critical buckling stress, and lead to a smoothing of the solid curve in figure (b), above. Elastic and Inotastic buckling stresses (40 ksi steel) 60 T 60 Elastic Euler buckling stress —| e Invalid Euler buckling stress ----~ g Inelastic buckling stress ~-—~ 3 * . = i 20 | — Proportional Limit“. “r ee! Inelagic_| 0 r ° 50 100 150 200 effective slenderness ratio, kLir XE strain is no longer proportional to P when P > ( Gp) (A), then @p, is called the proportional limit. fh If Ke = Tp, then (blz) =S TT*s im = co. tunities) (For steel, 110 < Co < 130, if we assume that Gy= Sys / 2.) ‘The following empirical equation lowers the critical stress in a smooth way when Gee > Gp» ( kb/r < Cc). Ca (Ts - Te) Tee = Tyg nye Fo... Ametastic buckLing ys TT any Sp, Af Ki/r < Ce, and you assume OG, = Oys /2 use: 1 ( kb/r * +++ inelastic buckling ce Tee Ts/2. Te = Gy 2 18