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Career development

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In organizational development (or OD), the study of career development looks at:

• how individuals manage their careers within and between organizations


• and how organizations structure the career progress of their members, it can also
be tied into succession planning within some organizations.

In personal development, career development is:

• " ... the total constellation of psychological, sociological, educational, physical,


economic, and chance factors that combine to influence the nature and
significance of work in the total lifespan of any given individual." [1]

• "... the lifelong psychological and behavioral processes as well as contextual


influences shaping one’s career over the life span. As such, career development
involves the person’s creation of a career pattern, decision-making style,
integration of life roles, values expression, and life-role self concepts." [2]

Figures in career development

• Jesse B. Davis[3]
• John L. Holland
• Frank Parsons
• Edgar Schein
• Rino Schreuder

Having a Career Goal


Why to have a career goal? Does a career goal limit your future?

Many of us spend most of our working hours engaged in work. Yet over 75% or working
population is not happy with their current job situation. Here comes the importance of
having a Career Goal. A career goal helps you focus on what you want to do for a living.
A career goal can be a specific job you want to do – such as doctor, teacher or engineer –
or a career goal can be a particular field you want to work in, such as IT, Education etc.

Rather than limiting your future, a career goal may help you discover career opportunities
that you wouldn’t have thought of otherwise. There are several job opportunities with any
chosen career. For instance, if you choose a medicine as career, you may want to be a
scientist, a nurse or a doctor.

A career goal will also guide you into doing what you want with your life – rather than
just drifting into a job. Generally, a career goal in based on your skills and interests,
career possibilities, and job trends. Once you have chosen a career, think strategically
about the steps to accomplish your goal.

Understanding and accomplishing your career goal will be a lot easier if you also create a
career plan. A career plan determines your skills and interests, what career best suits your
talents and what skills and training you need for your chosen career.

• Tips on achieving a Career Goal


Analyze and evaluate your skills and capabilities
Whether you’re employed, unemployed, considering a career change, re-entering
the job market, or recently graduated, the first step toward reaching your career
potential is to objectively analyze and evaluate your skills and capabilities.
Have a coach or a career counselor objectively assess your natural talents, skills &
professional strength
• Set realistic goals
Create a career plan that will give you a competitive edge. Be specific. Have it
reviewed objectively.
• Use marketing techniques for a competitive edge
You need to implement an effective marketing strategy to increase your visibility
and give you an edge. Create a career plan to meet your needs.
• Find long term support, even after your short term career goals are met
In order to keep growing, stay abreast of market trends and issues related to your
career growth and development. Use an objective partner to support you.
• Use an approach that meets your needs
Don’t follow guidelines in a book or from a friend if they are not comfortable for
you and representative of who you are. Be authentic in designing a plan that really
reflects who you are.

1.
2. » Effective Work Habits
3. » What Is the Meaning of Career Development?

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What Is the Meaning of Career


Development?
By an eHow Contributor

"Career development" is a buzz phrase in all professional arenas. Employees and


employers alike are seeking opportunities to develop their career skills to keep up with
current trends. Specifics for career development may vary, but the basic implications are
the same across the board. Regardless of your career path, it is always beneficial to seek
out career development opportunities for your area of professional knowledge.

Enhanced Job Performance is the Main Goal

1. The primary purpose of career development activities is to enhance job


performance. Some professionals might opt for a career development exercise that
introduces new and innovative skills, and others might choose to participate in an
information session. Either way, the point of these activities is to improve job
performance.

Career Development Means Staying Sharp in Current Skills

2. Although practice makes perfect, it's highly unlikely that professionals use every
single career skill on a daily basis at work. Career development means working to
maintain an up-to-date knowledge of the skills the professional already possess.

Good Business Relationships are Part of Career


Development

3. A significant aspect of career development is building solid working relationships


with colleagues. Most career development session include activities that focus on
identifying and repairing trouble spots in business relationships.

Career Development Hones New Skills

4. Career development is synonymous with competitive edge. This is because new


skill development is an integral part of the career development process. Staying
abreast of the up-and-coming skill sets for a given profession contributes to
remaining competitive in that career field.

Career Development Aids in Career Comprehension

5. Understanding the expectations of a career is the first step to being able to achieve
great things in that career field. Career development means understanding the
career's expectations which, in turn, leads to providing a better quality service or
product.
Read more: What Is the Meaning of Career Development? | eHow.com
http://www.ehow.com/facts_5127575_meaning-career-
development.html#ixzz3HBRrUQ4J

Definition of Career Development


By an eHow Contributor

Career development represents the entire sequence of activities and events related to an
individual's career. Career development encompasses acquiring of educational
qualifications and certifications, career path, self-actualization as an individual, shifting
of careers and career growth, learning curve, family life, accomplishments and
recognitions or felicitations.

Read more: Definition of Career Development | eHow.com


http://www.ehow.com/facts_5076895_definition-career-
development.html#ixzz3HBRFMaGU

Career Development Program Objectives


Career Development services are designed to provide individuals with career awareness,
self development, and career decision making skills.

Objectives:

• To help individuals cope with continued changes in the world of work.


• To help individuals develop a realistic attitude toward the dignity of all work and
workers.
• To help individuals understand their unique abilities, interests, and aptitudes.
• To help individuals develop a realistic understanding of themselves in regard to
decision making and career alternatives.
• To provide up-to-date occupational information and other labor market data.
• To provide the opportunity for individuals to become acquainted with a wide
range of occupational and educational opportunities.
• To provide information about the world of work that will assist individuals in
making long-range educational and career plans.
• To assist individuals in making appropriate educational and occupational choices.
• To provide appropriate follow up information.

Benefits
 Both companies and employees alike benefit from career development and training
programs. Companies are able to educate their existing staff to handle additional
responsibilities, and employees benefit from receiving a raise or being able to list the
additional training on a resume. If employees are able to show well-rounded skills and
list additional training on their resumes, they have a better chance of landing new
positions.

Read more: Advantages of Career Development and Training | eHow.com


http://www.ehow.com/about_4795684_advantages-career-development-
training.html#ixzz3HBQ16L5V

Home Career Management Career Development Program


Main Menu
Home
HR Planning Career Development Program
Selection +
Has your organization seriously considered implementing a career development program? If not,
Recruitment
perhaps this is a good time to do so. The following description of several, widely used career
Training +
development interventions and case studies can be used to stimulate discussion on various career
Development
development practices.
Performance
Appraisal
Alternative Career Paths
Career
Management
Organization One approach to alternative career pathing involves incorporating the skills employees already have
Analysis
Personal with what their hearts want to do. It can involve changing career and lifestyles for more meaningful
Development and fulfilling work arrangements. Creating alternative career paths often involves incorporating other
HR career development interventions, such as flexi-time or job enrichment. Alternative career paths
Powerpoint should not be confused with dual career paths, which is described later.
Slides
HR Tools Career Pathing
Search
Career pathing, also called career tracking, is a process of outlining an individual career plan, usually
within an organization. Career pathing is most often used as a part of management training and
development, although individuals may develop their own career track, either alone, or in conjunction
with a career coach.

Employees follow pre-determined steps along the career path to develop expertise in managing
different types of organizational situations and to reach their career goal. Periodic checks evaluate
progress, as well as determining what further training or experience is needed to move to the next
step. Career pathing often uses several other career development interventions as part of the process.
These include cross-training, job rotation, job enrichment or enlargement, and temporary
assignments.

Dual Career Tracks

Dual career tracks should not be confused with alternative career paths. Creating dual career paths
involves preparing employees to succeed and be rewarded without necessarily being on a
management or vertical organization career path. In other words, ``up'' is not considered the only way
employees can grow and advance within the company. The establishment of dual or multiple career
tracks has proven to be an effective way to retain and motivate valued employees.

Management can be an attractive career alternative for many employees, but it is not for everyone.
This may be particularly true for many technical or creative workers. The number of people managed
often distinguishes managerial levels, but under the dual career track plan, individuals apply their
expertise (like managers) to tasks of greater complexity and impact within their specialty field.

For example, they may make recommendations in a wide range of business areas, participate in high
level decisions, and act as mentors to other employees. The interest in dual or multiple career tracks is
likely to grow as more organizations do away with formal management titles and establish team
structures.

Career Coaching/Counseling

Career coaching frequently involves helping individuals prepare for a career change or helping
employees advance in their existing jobs. From the employee's view, career coaching consists of
evaluating interests, values, work styles, and skills. From the organization's view, it consists of
matching employee talents with organizational needs, recruiting and retaining talent in the company,
identifying training and development needs, and assisting employees in specifying and locating new
employment opportunities within the organization.

Cross-Training

Cross-trained workers are taught skills outside their current job assignment so they can be called upon
to perform a variety of tasks as the need arises. Many workers and supervisors find themselves cross-
training each other, just to make the day-to-day work life manageable. As a career development
intervention, however, companies put into place a formal program of cross-training.

Cross-training helps organizations to balance workloads so everyone is busy, and allows the company
to respond quickly to employee absences. It also allows employees and departments within an
organization to gain a better understanding of the ``big picture'', and to improve communications and
relations. Employees who are cross-trained are more valuable to the company, and more marketable
in the work world overall.

Flexitime

Flextime is one of the most popular and most widely known career development interventions.
Flexitime gives employees the opportunity to balance their work and personal lives by restructuring
the typical workday to accommodate individual employee schedules. Employers who offer flexitime
often report decreased use of paid leave, decreased tardiness and increased productivity. Other
benefits for the employer include a low-cost method of providing personal time off and extending
service hours without overtime pay. This career development intervention is popular with employees
who have extended families or young children, who may be facing ``burn-out'', and those seeking
further education or pursuing second careers.

Flexitime allows employees to set their own schedules, within limitations set by management. For
example, workers may adjust their starting and ending times, but are required to be at the office
during management specified core or peak hours. Working four ten-hour days is an example of a
compressed workweek form of flexitime. Flexitime may also be combined with other interventions,
such as job sharing, job rotation, and phased retirement.

Job Rotation

Job rotation is the systematic movement of employees from job to job within an organization, as a
way to achieve many different human resources objectives : for simply staffing jobs, for orienting
new employees, for preventing job boredom, and, finally, for training employees and enhancing their
career development.

Job rotation is often used by employers who place employees on a certain career path or track, usually
for a management position, where they are expected to perform a variety of duties, and have a variety
of skills and competencies.

Job rotation is often confused with crosstraining. While both interventions perform essentially the
same service of providing employees with a varied set of skills, job rotation goes beyond this. Besides
being used as a means of management training, job rotation can also be used as a form of job
enrichment, by adding increased responsibilities, increasing challenge, and reducing boredom or
burnout.

Job Enlargement

Job enlargement is defined as increasing the number of tasks a worker performs, with all of the tasks
at the same level of responsibility, and is also sometimes referred to as ``horizontal job loading'' . Be
careful not to confuse job enlargement with job enrichment, which will be discussed later.

Job enlargement and job enrichment can both be used with plateaued workers or workers who are
experiencing burnout, and with especially high achievers. These two interventions may be used in
conjunction with each other, or with other career development interventions such as job rotation and
temporary assignments. Both interventions provide the employee with increased skills, making him or
her more valuable to the company, or more marketable in the job search.

Job Enrichment

Job enrichment involves increasing a worker's responsibility and control over his or her work, and is
also called ``vertical job loading''. Job enrichment allows you to expand your responsibilities or
change your role to develop new competencies without leaving your current position or the
organization altogether.

Job enrichment is also used as an effective motivational technique. According to this perspective, if a
job provides a sense of responsibility, a sense of significance and information concerning
performance, the employees will be internally motivated to high levels of performance. The key to
creating this situation is to enrich jobs so they provide five core characteristics: task variety, task
significance, task identity, autonomy and feedback.

Job Sharing

With job sharing, a full-time job is split between two employees. The two employees share the duties
and responsibilities, as well as the salary and benefits of the job. These two employees must also
work closely together, and with management, to co-ordinate hours, duties, and communication among
themselves and other departments in the organization. Most often, job sharing is used by parents or
adults caring for their parents, and affords employees a better balance between their work and
personal lives.

Employees pursuing further education or a second career may also use job sharing. Job sharing offers
advantages over part-time work in that employees are able to maintain their professional status as
well as some of their job benefits. One example of the advantage over flexitime situations is that with
flexitime, parents may still require extended day care hours. Benefits to the employer include having
``two heads instead of one'', retaining valued and experienced employees, and down time due to
vacation or sickness is reduced, because the job share partners cover for each other.
Phased Retirement

Organizations typically devote far more energy to recruiting and retraining than to phasing out
workers. Phased retirement is one intervention that workers and employers can use at the latter end of
the career cycle. During phased retirement, workers gradually taper their work schedules until they
reach full retirement. Other career development interventions such as flextime and job sharing are
typically incorporated into phased retirement arrangements. Retirees may work part time and serve as
mentors or trainers to their successors. Benefits to employees include a greater sense of control over
the transition from work to retirement, lowering the risk of economic insecurity, and more social
support. The employer benefits by retaining valued talent and minimizing labor shortages.

Source of Reference:
James Kirk, Bridget Downey, Steve Duckett, and Connie Woody, Name Your Career Development
Intervention, Journal of Workplace Learning Volume 12, Number 5.

You can download excellent powerpoint slides on HR Management and Career Planning
HERE.

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