Adin Ihtisyamuddin

Galuh Astrid
Firna Mahardhika
Rizky Fadhilah

ISLAM in EGYP

Islam in Egypt is the dominant religion with around an estimated 85% of the
population. Almost the entirety of Egypt's Muslims are Sunnis, with a small minority
of Shia and Ahmadi Muslims. Christians are estimated to be number between
3% to 20% according to sources cited in articles Religion in Egypt and Christianity
in Egypt. almost all of Egypt's educational, legal, public health, and social welfare
issues were in the hands of religious functionaries. During the 19th and 20th
centuries, successive governments made extensive efforts to limit the role of the
ulama in public life and to bring religious institutions under closer state control.
Af t e r the E g y p ti a n Re v o lu tio n of 1952, the g ove r nme n t assume d
responsibility for appointing officials to mosques and religious schools. The
government mandated reform of Al-Azhar University beginning in 1961. These
reforms permitted department heads to be drawn from outside the ranks of the
traditionally trained orthodox ulama.
 History
In the late 10th century, the Shia Ismaili caliphate of the Fatimids made
Egypt their center and Cairo their capital. Their trade and diplomatic ties
extended all the way to China and its Song Dynasty, which eventually
determined the economic course of Egypt during the High Middle Ages. In the
early 20th century, Egyptian Islam was a complex and diverse religion. Although
Muslims agreed on the faith's basic tenets, the country's various social groups and
classes applied Islam differently in their daily lives.

 Islam and state

Muhammad Ali, who assumed power in Egypt in the early

1800s, nationalized all land, including hundreds of thousands of hectares of land
belonging to Al Azhar Mosque, putting the funding of that institution under
state control. This put an end to the political independence of the Ulama. Awqaf,
traditionally independent endowments for mosques and Islamic schools, became
a ministry of the government. In 1961, Gamal Abdel Nasser made Al Azhar
part of the Ministry of Awqaf or Religious Endowments. He also made the
appointment of the grand sheikh the prerogative of the Egyptian president, just
as the appointment of any other state official. In time the school became
responsible for assigning imams to all major mosques, and all these imams were
required to be graduates of the school.

 Belief in Egyp
 Comtemporary belief

Egyptian Muslims believe that Islam defines one's relationship to God, to other
Muslims, and to non-Muslims. Some devout Muslims believe that there can be no
dichotomy between the sacred and the secular.

 sufism

A primarily male spiritual manifestation of Islam is Sufism, an Islamic mystical

tradition. It has been called the "default setting" of Muslim religious life in Egypt.

salafi
An estimated 5-6 million Egyptians are Salafis. Scholar Tarek Osman
describes Salafis before the 2011 revolution as the "most important or pervasive Islamic
force in the country" with an influence "many times more than that of organized
political Islam.

 shia

While almost all of Egypt's Muslims are Sunni, there are a small number of
Shia. (Estimates of their number range from 800,000 to "at most" three million.

 quranism

Non-sectarian Muslims who reject the authority of hadith, known as Quranists,

Quraniyoon, or Ahl al-Quran, are also present in Egypt.
  Nondemonitional muslims

There are a significant amount of Nondenominational Muslims in Egypt.

Roughly twelve percent of Egyptians, when asked about their religious affiliation,
answered that they were "just a Muslim" or "just Muslim". Their lack of identifying
with a particular sect was noteworthy.
 Islam in Saudi Arabia

Islam is the state religion of Saudi Arabia. The kingdom, which sometimes is called the "home of
Islam", is the location of the cities of Mecca and Medina, where Muhammad, the messenger of
the Islamic faith, lived and died, and attracts millions of Muslim Hajj pilgrims annually, and
thousands of clerics and students who come from across the Muslim world to study.

In 18th century, a pact between Islamic preacher Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab and a regional
emir, Muhammad bin Saud, brought a fiercely puritanical strain of Sunni Islam first to the Najd
region and then to the Arabian Peninsula.
The Islamic prophet, Muhammad, was born in Mecca in about 571. From the early 7th century,
Muhammad united the various tribes of the peninsula and created a single Islamic religious
polity. In 1744, the desert region of Nejd, Muhammad bin Saud, founder of the Al Saud dynasty,
joined forces with the religious leader Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, founder of the Wahhabi
movement, a strict puritanical form of Sunni Islam. This alliance formed in the 18th century
provided the ideological impetus to Saudi expansion and remains the basis of Saudi Arabian
dynastic rule today.
Islam plays a central role in Saudi society. It has been said that Islam is more than a religion, it is
a way of life in Saudi Arabia, and, as a result, the influence of the ulema, the religious
establishment, is all-pervasive.