Practice Exam: Chapter3 Needs Assessment

Chapter3 Needs Assessment
Practice Exam
I. A context diagram shows:

A. That the solution is simple
B. That work flows in a business area
C. Ihat business rules are tied to business
processes
D. That the solution interacts with other
parties, organizations or
systems
2. Solution scope differs from project scope in that:
A. Ihe solution scope describes the result of the
project work.
B. A solution includes the project schedule and
budget.
C. Tieyare actually two names for the same
thing.
D.
by the project manager. is needed
3. Business analysis professionals spend their time:

A. Primarily on projects, working for a project
manager
B. Outside of projects, working in parallel
with project managers
C. Managing projects while also supporting
other initiatives
D. Only at the beginning of projects, building
business cases and charters, and collecting
requirements
4. A roadmap or plan for how the organization structures

business processes, business rules, application
software, hardware, and organization resources is called the:
A. Enterprise architecture
B. Data model
C. Context diagram
D. Decision model
S. A context diagram is considered which type of requirement?

A. Transition or stakeholder
B. Stakeholder or business
C. Functional or nonfunctional
D. Business or functional
6. SWOT stands for:

A. Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats
B. Strengths, weaknesses, options, and timeframe
C. Strategic, workflow, operations, and tactical
D. Stakeholder, workflow, operations, and timing
7. Which ofthe following is a SMART objective?

A. Create a legal opinion database that will decrease research time and cost.
B. Decrease legal costs by 25 percent within two years.
C. Cut legal costs by shortening research time.
D. Streamline research by providing better data access within two years.
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8. A business need:
stakeholder wants
A. Is something a particular
Is a cost justification for the project
B.
C. Defines the problem to be solved
D. Describes the solution approach
is:
9. Ihe difference between goals and objectives
desires.
A. Goals are longer term, ongoing business
desires.
B. Objectives are longer term, ongoing business
C. Goals are more descriptive and specific.
D. Objectives are analyzed and converted into goals.
10. Another name for a business problem or opportunity is:

A. Goal
B. Objective
C. Desired outcome
D. Business need
Il. Ihe boundaries of the requirements, along with outside parties, systems, and organizations
describe the:
A. Project scope
B. Solution scope
C. Transition scope
D. Business case scope
12. Your sponsor has requested an estimate of the cost it would take to build a new software system.
You are unsure that the new system would bring value to the organization. To explain your concerns
you should:
A. Draft a solution scope and business case.
B. Document the requirements, assumptions and constraints.
C. Develop a business analysis plan showing the time required to elicit requirements.
D. Tell the project manager you don't think this is a good idea.
13. Important techniques used when defining a business case include:

A. Estimation, feasibility analysis, and risk analysis
B. Data modeling, process modeling, and business rules analysis
C. Data modeling, estimation, and risk analysis
D. Cost-benefit analysis, process modeling, and risk analysis
14. 'Ihe solution scope is needed to:

A. Define the business need.
B. Assess capability gaps.
C. Define the business case.
D. Determine the root cause of the problem.
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Chapter 3 Needs Assessment
IS. All the following are valid solution alternatives for addressing a business need except:
A. Purchase or lease hardware or software.
B. Change business processes or procedures.
C. Design or develop custom software.
D. Assess capability gaps.
is used to:
16. Functional decomposition
A. Define the business need based on competitive analysis.
B. Define the boundaries of the solution.
C. Provide key measurements for the business case estimates.
D. Breakdown business needs into subneeds.
17. The fishbone diagram is used with:

A. Root cause analysis
B. Risk analysis
C. Cost-benefit analysis
D. SWOT analysis
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Chapter 3 Needs Assessment
Answers
D
l. Answer
Explanation Just because the diagram is simple, doesn't mean the solution is! The arrows on a
contextdiagram represent data flows, not workflows. Business rules are not shown on a context
diagram.A context diagram shows the boundaries of the domain or solution by highlighting its
interfaceswith other parties, organizations, or systems.
2. Answer A
Explanation The project scope describes how the work will get done, and is the responsibility of
the project manager. The solution, or product, scope describes the solution or product that will be
built by the project. The solution scope is the responsibility of the business analyst.
3. Answer A
Explanation Business analysts typically work on projects and nonproject work. When working on
a project,the business analyst reports to the project manager, just like other project team members.
When working outside a project, the business analyst reports to their manager, who may be in the
businessdomain.
4. Answer A
Explanation A data model is focused on data and business rules, not processes. A context diagram
shows boundaries, and a decision model includes business rules. The enterprise architecture is a
description of how the enterprise is organized, and how it functions and plans for future changes.
S. Answer D
Explanation Transition requirements describe how to implement or roll out the solution.
Stakeholder requirements are requests for features or capabilities, and few stakeholders would
use a context diagram to make a request! Nonfunctional requirements are constraints or quality-
Of-servicerequirements, such as performance or security, and are generally documented in text.
A context diagram can be used to show the scope of a business domain, making it part of the
business requirements. Or it can be used to show the solution scope, making it part of the functional
requirements.
6. Answer A
Explanation SWOT analysis considers the organizational strengths and weaknesses against
market (outside) opportunities and threats.
7. Answer B
Explanation The Min the acronym SMART stands for measurable. The only objective presented
that can be completely measured is to decrease legal costs by 25 percent within two years.
8. Answer C
Explanation Something a stakeholder wants is a stakeholder requirement. Cost justification is
created to determine if the need should be satisfied and is called the business case. The solution
approach can't be determined until the business need is defined. It describes how the business need
will be addressed. A business need is a problem or opportunity identified by the business.
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9. Answer A
desired outcomes for the organization,
Explanation Goals are generally high-level, long-term
while objectives are more specific and concrete.
10. Answer D
A goal is a long-term desired outcome or
Explanation These terms have very subtle differences.
(SMART), and observable outcome. A business need
end state. An objective is a specific, measurable
initiated to address a business need and have specific
is a problem or opportunity. Projects are usually
objectives that serve as success criteria for the project.
I I. Answer B
Explanation The project scope describes how the work will be done and includes the project
plans. Transition scope and business case scope are made-up terms. Yes,you may see made-up terms
on your real exam as well! The solution, or product, scope describes the product that will be the
result of the project. It is important in business analysis work to clearly define the solution scope at
the beginning of the project.
12. Answer A
Explanation The solution scope is needed to create a high-level estimate of the costs to produce it
and the benefits to be gained. The business case shows expected benefits and costs, and may show that
the costs outweigh the potential benefits. Presenting facts to your sponsor (and project manager ifone
has been assigned) is the best way to communicate your concern about a requested solution.
13. Answer A
Explanation Estimation is needed to determine the costs and benefits, feasibility analysis tells us
if the solution idea is going to work in our environment, and risk analysis allows the team to assess
the risk of the solution approach. Data modeling, process modeling, and business rules analysis will
be used to analyze requirements after the business case is approved.
14. Answer C
Explanation Defining the business need, assessing capability gaps, and finding root causes all happen
before the solution scope is defined. The high-level solution scope is used
to define the business case.
IS. Answer D
Explanation Capability gaps should be assessed before the solution
gaps help to identify missing functions or features. is determined. Capability
Assessing capability gaps is done after the
business need has been defined.
16. Answer D
Explanation The functionaldecomposition
analyze it. Business needs can be technique is used to break something down or
decomposed into more detailed
any other business component. needs, as can processes, goals, or
Competitive analysis uses the
boundaries uses the context or
use case diagramming
benchmarking technique. Defining
technique. Key measurements are used in cost-
17. Answer A
Explanation Afishbone diagram shows
causes and effects
ofproblems and as such is used with
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Chapter 4 Planning
Practice Exam
l. Businessanalysis work is generally on the critical path of a project because:

A. Ihe critical path includes all the tasks that relate to requirements.
B. Many tasks are dependent on business analysis work.
C. Businessanalysis work is the most important work of the project.
D. These are the tasks that can be shortened if the project is behind schedule.
2. A RACI matrix shows:

A. Requirements, attributes, concepts, and information needs
B. Requirements, activities, capabilities, and implementation analysis
C. Responsible, accountable, consulted, and informed roles
D. Responsible, achievable, controlled, and informed roles
3. Information about requirements, such as the author, priority, complexity, and status are called:
A. Requirements attributes
B. Requirements prioritization
C. Business constraints
D. Assumptions
4. A plan to handle requirements changes is referred to as:

A. Change analysis
B. Change management
C. Problem tracking
D. Decision analysis
5. Youhave been contracted to work as a business analyst in a company that uses a requirements
management tool. Where will you store your requirements?
A. On paper in a filing cabinet
B. In the requirements management tool
C. On a shared drive with other project deliverables
D. As described in the requirements management plan for your project
6' Which life cycle is

most likely to be used to help create a solution to a business problem with
regulatoryrequirements?
A. Predictive
B. Adaptive
C. Predictiveduring planning
and then adaptive during development
D. Predictive except the
requirements will not be formal
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7. Your project manager has allowed you two weeks to elicit and analyze the requirements. After a quick
review of the business need, you realize you will need more time. How will you justify your request
for more time?
A. Inform your project manager that your expert judgment tells you the requirements work will
probably take four to six weeks.
B. Do as much as you can in two weeks and then report on the requirements you still haven't
completed.
C. Tell your project manager how much time you needed for requirements work on your last
project.
D. Make a list of tasks you anticipate doing and estimate each one to show you need more time.
8. Which of the following best describes how the business need influences the work ofbusiness analysis
planning?
A. During Planning, the business analyst defines how the business need is identified and fulfilled
and how the business analyst is responsible for the solution.
B. The stakeholders who identify the business need are key stakeholders and will be the focus of
stakeholder analysis.
C. The value the organization is trying to achieve from the solution will guide how the business
analyst monitors their own work.
D. Understanding the business need helps the business analyst to determine how they will perform
the business analysis work on the project.
9. Many factors influence business analysis planning, including:

A. Type of project, project management tools, and work packages
B. Type of project, stakeholder locations, and business analysis deliverables
C. Stakeholder locations, business analysis deliverables, and approved requirements
D. Stakeholder locations, type ofproject, and approved requirements
10. Which of the following is a reason to use an adaptive life cycle?

A. The components of the system cannot be prioritized and built iteratively.
B. The stakeholders are not in complete agreement about requirements.
C. The solution can be completely designed before it is built.
D. Changing requirements will be handled by a formal change control process.
11. You will be eliciting requirements for a new project. What are the most important factors to help you
choose the best elicitation techniques?
A. Number of stakeholders, their locations, and their attitudes
B. Type of product being developed, product owner, and time constraints
C. Project life cycle, business analysis deliverables expected, and time constraints
D. Level of formality expected for requirements, types of requirements needed, and approval roles
12. Which techniques can be used to identify stakeholder groups?

A. Brainstorming, organizational charts, process flows, and context diagrams
B. Brainstorming, surveys, personas, and job analysis
C. Organizational charts, decomposition modeling, day-in-the-life, and personas
D. Planning poker, decomposition modeling, job analysis, and brainstorming
Chapter 4 Planning
13. you have been assigned to a new project and have only one week to plan for elicitation sessions. How
all the stakeholders?
willyou identify
involved with the project for the names of other stakeholders.
A. Ask everyone
someone from each business area is represented.
B. Make sure
C. Review organizational chart and circle the areas where you think the solution will make an
an
impact,
D. Reviewthe charter and plan elicitation sessions with the stakeholders listed there.
14. you report to the director of an operating unit in your organization. Your job description says you are
to find operational inefficiencies and make recommendations to improve them. Your first planning
work should be to:
A. Conduct stakeholder analysis to get to know key people in the operating unit and build
relationshipsthat will help with adoption of changes.
B. Develop a detailed list of tasks you will perform along with timelines and resource needs.
C. Research requirements management tools and make a recommendation to purchase the one
with the best functionality for this operating unit.
D. Develop a high-level plan to get an overview of the operating unit's processes, and prioritize the
processesin the order in which they will be studied.
IS. Youare planning for a new project and want to incorporate your organization's experience with
other projects. The sponsor was unhappy with the last project because, due to the number of change
requests, many team members had to work overtime to complete the project on schedule. What
historical evidence will be most helpful for you to review?
A. Project budget
B. Lessons learned
C. Time tracked
D. Post-implementation assessment
16. While planning for a vendor package upgrade, you need to decide on your traceability approach.
What is the most important consideration ?
A. The new system features and how they relate to your requirements
B. Which requirements attributes to capture in your traceability matrix
C. Making sure the business needs met by the existing package are still met by the new package
D. The format of your traceability matrix
17. Yourproject has one critical business subject matter expert and several stakeholders who may be
affectedby a change to the business process. What elicitation activity you will plan to do first?
A. Interview the critical SME, then let others know what requirements he has provided.
B. Schedule a facilitated requirements workshop to bring together all of the stakeholders to discuss
the requirements.
C. Talk with a technical architect
about the limitations on any proposed solution in this business
area.
D. Observe the current process
and build a process flow to represent it.
18. When analyzing
stakeholders, a business analyst should perform:
A. Job analysis
B. User experience analysis
C. Actor analysis
D. Document analysis
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between business, stakeholder, and solution reqUirements

19. The person responsible for managing links
is the:
A. Project manager
B. Business analyst
C. Sponsor
D Business SME
the:
20. Standards for maintaining and reusing requirements are documented in
A. Organizational process assets
B. Project charter
C. Business analysisplan
D. Scope statement
21. You have been assigned to a new project, and will meet with the project manager this week. What
topics will you cover?
A. Change management process, life cycle to be used, and lessons learned
B. Elicitation techniques, the project procurement process, and communications plan
C. Requirements management process, baselining plans, and user acceptance testing plans
D. Stakeholder identification, the project budget, and the project schedule
22. Stakeholder analysis is an important part of project planning. You should be most concerned
with
learning as much as possible about:
A. The project sponsor
B. Business SMEs
C. The regulator
D. The end users
23. All the following are true about acceptance

criteria except:
A. It is determined in Planning.
B. It generally includes metrics or
measurements.
C. It is expected to change as the
solution is built.
D. It must be documented in a
contract with an external
customer.
24. Which ofthe following
techniques is used to document
the priority ofrequirements?
A. MoSCoW analysis
B. Capability table
C. RACI matrix
D. Five whys
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Chapter 4 Planning
Answers
I. Answer B
of critical path and project
Explanation Businessanalysts must understand the concepts
because most tasks in the project are dependent on
managementscheduling. This is necessary
requirements,and a delay in the business analysis work puts the project at risk.
2. Answer C
Explanation There is no way to get around memorization here. You need to understand that a
RACImatrix helps to define roles and responsibilities for project work and understand what each
type of responsibility means.
3. Answer A
Explanation Requirements attributes are characteristics ofthe requirements that further describe
them and provide information to help the team better analyze and implement the requirements.
Attributes such as author, owner, complexity, status, stability, urgency, and priority may be useful
depending on the type of project and solution. During planning, the business analyst and project
managerdecide which of these attributes will be captured and documented for each requirement.
4. Answer B
Explanation The term change management includes the processes of evaluating and accepting or
rejecting changes to requirements after baselining.
5. Answer D
Explanation correct answer is to follow the requirements management plan. Even though the
companyhas a requirements management tool, the requirements management plan for the specific
project to which you are assigned is your guide.
6. Answer A
Explanation Predictive during planning and then adaptive during development implies the
business analyst can decide how the development team will
work. This is not the business analyst's
responsibility.The predictive life cycle focuses on minimizing upfront uncertainty and involves more
formality,making it appropriate for regulatory projects.
7. Answer D
Explanation Expert judgment is helpful for
estimating, but you should present something more
concrete.Don't wait until your two weeks
are up to report the problem. If it was similar, your last
project may be helpful in estimating
the current project, but the best thing to do is develop a list of
tasks and estimates. This
is a business analysis plan.
8. Answer D
Explanation Business analysis planning includes planning how the business need will be addressed.
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9. Answer B
techniques are outside the scope of
Explanation Project management tools and busmess analysis
Requirements have usually not yet been elicited, analyzed, or approved when
planning. planning is
type of project, stakeholder locations, and business
taking place. Planning is influenced by analysis
requirements.
deliverables, and moves us toward approved
10. Answer B
exactly what they want, an adaptive life
Explanation When stakeholders don't know cycleis a
help them see the product as it is being built and make adjustrnents as they
great way to go. In an
adaptive life cycle, solution components are prioritized and built in iterations, business analysis
deliverables are less formal than in a predictive life cycle, the solution cannot be completely designed
before it is built, and changes are expected and handled as they arise.
I I. Answer C
Explanation The project life cycle often dictates the time constraints and options in terms of
elicitation techniques. For an adaptive life cycle project, requirements may be documented on
a whiteboard in the team room as each iteration is discussed. For a predictive life cycle, a formal
requirements package may be created, requiring more elicitation sessions and reviews.
12. Answer A
Explanation Brainstorming helps a group generate ideas, and those ideas could be other affected
stakeholders. Organizational charts show people in the organization and their business groups.
Process flows show how work is done and who does it. The context diagram shows external agents,
each of which must be represented by a stakeholder.
13. Answer A
Explanation All of these are good choices. You need to determine which is the best. With such a
short timeframe, you may not be able to use techniques for stakeholder
identification and analysis
that require advance planning. Yet,you need to do what you can to
create a complete stakeholder
register. To be sure you identify as many stakeholders as possible,
you should ask everyone you talk
with about the project who they think are stakeholders.
Stakeholders are anyone impacted by or
who could impact the project, so there may be a long list and
you have a short amount of time to find
them all.
14. Answer D
Explanation In this situation, your focus is on finding
ineffciencies and improvement ideas. Plan
the work immediately, building relationships with
stakeholders along the way. You won't be able to
put together a detailed list of tasks until you
have identified a process that needs improvement
15. Answer B
Explanation The post-implementation assessment
completed, and confirms whether the occurs weeks to months after a project is
solution met the need for which
budget and time records could provide it was designed. Although the
value, lessons learned is the best answer. Lessons learned are
recorded during and after a project,
and document what went right
as what should have been done and wrong on the project, as well
differently to avoid problems.
future performance on similar projects. These lessons can be used to improve
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Chapter 4 Planning
Answer
c
16.
There are many reasons for tracing requirements. In this scenario,
Explanation since your
tionis alreadyusing the package, the most important consideration is making sure
the
dedoesn'tnegatively impact existing capabilities. Next would be considering the new
system
anddetermining how they relate to your requirements. Capturing requirements attributes
features,
showrelationshipsbetween requirements. Format is not important because the traceability
doesn't
presented to stakeholders.
matrixis not usually
Answer D
Explanation If you are not already familiar with the process in question, you should learn about
thecurrentstate.Without this understanding, you would be wasting stakeholders' time by discussing
therequirements or technical solution with them.
18.Answer A
ExplanationJob analysis helps you understand the work and competencies needed to perform the
workoftheend user of your solution.
19.Answer B
Explanation Ihe business analyst is responsible for managing these links, also called traceability.
20.Answer A
Explanation Standards for maintaining and reusing requirements are created by the organization,
notfora specificproject. Therefore, these standards are a part of organizational process assets.
21.Answer A
Explanation The change management process is very important to the project manager because
changesto scopeand requirements after baselining could delay the project completion or increase
thebudget.Tie life cycle (predictive or adaptive) will dictate many of your business analysis plans,
andlessonslearned from
prior projects can provide good insights for your planning. The project
Pr0Qrement process,project budget, and schedule are not the responsibility of the business analyst.
Itisprobablytoo
early to talk about planning for testing at this point.
22.
Answer
B
on It is likely that the business SMEs will provide many of the project requirements,
andWiIIbe most involved for
the throughout the course of the project. Therefore, it is most important
business project,
analyst to learn about these key stakeholders, including their attitude toward the
meetings and other
communicationmethods, and availability to participate in project
23.
c
Explanati
the customer know
exactly On Acceptance criteria is determined in Planning, so the team and on
some
whatis
Ifpossible, the acceptance criteria is based
been agreed upon. fewer
sortOfmetricsor and has baseline (such as SOpercent
measurements compared to an established
increase in revenue). The
complaints 20 percent faster processing time, or a 30 percent acceptance
Once agreed upon, the
criteria is documented in the contract, if one exists.
not change
without the agreement of all parties.
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PMI-PW Exam Prep
24. Answer A
Explanation A capability table isused
five whys is a way to help
cause ofa problem. Moscow analysis is a technique for documenting determine th
requirements e
priorities. root
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Chapter 5 Analysis, Part 1: Elicitation
Exam
practice
technique would be most appropriate for a large stakeholder group?
Whichelicitation
or questionnaire
A. Survey
Requirements workshop
B. group
C. Focus ranking
P. Weighted
technique requires you to prepare by developing questions tailored to a specific
2. Whichelicitationhaving an interactive conversation?
stakeholderand
or questionnaire
A. Survey
workshop
B. Requirements
C. Interview
D. Observation
are best at the beginning of a project or when learning about the
3. Whichelicitation techniques
business?
A. Observation and prototyping

B. Interviews and requirements workshops
C. Surveysand questionnaires
D. Observation and document analysis
building the solution, a new
4. Afterthe requirements have been approved and the solution team is
feature would impact
stakeholderjoins the team and has an idea for a new product feature. This new
wants you to assess the impact of this
allthe other stakeholder requirements. Your project manager
change.What technique will you use?
A. Facilitated workshop
B. Structured walkthrough
C. Interview
D Changecontrol process
S. In passiveobservation, the business analyst:

A. Asksquestions about the process being observed
B. Participatesin the work of the business
C. Makesnotes as they watch
D. Stopsthe worker at each step during the process
6. To facilitate
a conversation is to:
A. Directthe participants to a particular conclusion.
B. Makethe conversation
easier for the participants.
C. Gatherinformation
from every participant.
D. Conduct
a requirements workshop.
7• To conduct
an effective brainstorming session, the facilitator must:
A. Invite as
many participants as possible
B. Give the
participants a long time to think of ideas
C. Leavethe
topic very open-ended to encourage creativity
D. Clearly
state the ground rules before starting
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result is considered the best?

8. Which group decision making
A. Consensus
B. Majority rules
C. Unanimous
D. Sponsor decides
9. Elicitation:
set oftasks
A. Isa complexword describing a complex
conversations between stakeholders easier
B. Describes how business analysts make
C. Means to draw forth or pull out
to requirements
D. Reflects the fact that not all business analysis work is related
10. Elicitation is used:

A. To discover business requirements only
B. At the beginning of a project only
C. Throughout the project whenever requirements are unclear
D. Both inside and outside of project work
I I. The brainstorming technique cannot be used to confirm the business analyst's understanding of
elicitation results because:
A. It is not an elicitation technique.
B. Confirmation is always done in writing.
C. Confirmation is simply a formality, so stakeholders don't want too much detail.
D. It is an idea-generation technique.
12. The main difference between a focus group and a requirements workshop is:
A. Focus group participants are randomly chosen from a demographic profile.
B. Requirements workshop participants are randomly chosen from a demographic profile.
C. In a focus group, the participants are asked specific, predefined questions.
D In a focus group, the participants are encouraged to discuss their requirements.
13. Before you elicit requirements you should:

A. Make sure you truly understand the stated business need by reviewing the situation statement.
B. Prepare a requirements matrix that will be used to confirm elicitation results.
C. Record the information you learned during interviews or requirements workshops.
D. Format the results into your standard requirements template format and present them to
stakeholders.
14. During a brainstorming session, the team came up with fifty ideas for the new product. What should
the business analyst do next?
A. Present the fifty ideas to the sponsor for selection of the best one.
B. Work with the project manager to narrow down the list to five and provide those to the sponsor.
C. Have the group agree to throw out the ideas that are not feasible
D. Have the group vote for their top three ideas and begin analysis on those.
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group of stakeholders who are located throughout the world. It is vital that you find
15. Youhave a large
of all the various stakeholder groups. What is the best way to accomplish
out the needs and wants
this?
from each of the groups in web-assisted meetings to have the
A. Gather representatives
representatives respond to a series of questions.
to represent the stakeholder groups and watch them perform their work to
B. Select individuals
define a clear picture of the as-is situation.
requirements and develop a survey to solicit responses from stakeholders.
C. Gather some initial
meetings to review the needs and wants to make certain that they are
D. Conduct structured
understood.
is not a closed-ended question?

16. Which of the following
A. Is this where the new server will be located?
B. Are the blueprints for the new building finished yet?
C. Have you approved the wireframe for the customer order interface?
D. What must be done before launching the new user interface?
for a customer. Who are the key
17. You have been assigned to elicit requirements about a new product
stakeholders that should participate in the elicitation activities?
A. Customer and project manager
B. Solution team and customer
C. Customer and tester
D. Sponsor and customer
18. Prototyping supports which of the following?

and feature development
A. Requirements analysis, solution planning,
solution design
B. Elicitation, requirements analysis, and
definition, and user testing
C. Estimation, solution
and finalizing features
D Brainstorming, benchmarking,
19. Consensus means:

agree on the requirements.
A. Most Ofthe stakeholders
resolved all of the requirements conflicts.
B. The project sponsor has
conflicts.
C. There are no requirements
buy into the requirements.
D. All the stakeholders
performed during document analysis?
steps is least likely to be
of date.
a given document is out
A. Determine whether your analysis has identified.
rules and processes
B. Record the business
proposed solution.
C. Create a model of a will allow for the search.
what you are looking for and how much time you
D Decide
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project using an adaptive life cycle approach.

21. You are working on a software development client
software to perform. You and the team
is not able to specify precisely how they want the decide to
use prototyping to help elicit more exact requirements for the solution. The developers Willbuild
some screen ideas for the users to review. What type of prototype are you using?
A. Hand-drawn
B. High-fidelity
C. Simulation
D. Evolutionary
22. Youare working with a group ofstakeholders with diverse perspectives and requirements. Which
of
the followingis the best technique to use to bring this group to consensus?
A. Focus group
B. Workshop
C. Multi-voting
D. Delphi
23. As you begin eliciting detailed requirements you realize your business
analysis plan does not include
enough time with a particular key stakeholder. This
stakeholder seems to know a lot about the
business area. Which technique should you use to adjust
the plan?
A. Pareto rule
B. Delphi
C. Gap analysis
D. PEST
24. The business stakeholders on your

project keep telling you more details about
each meeting. Sometimes the details are their requirements at
slightly different from the first time
example of: they told you. This is an
A. Progressive elaboration
B. Prioritization
C. Stakeholder analysis
D. Variance analysis
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Chapters Analysis, Part 1: Elicitation
Answers
1. Answer A
Explanation A requirements workshop is a group elicitation technique,
but not appropriate for
groups of more than twenty, because it requires every attendee to participate.
A focus group usually
includes six to twelve people. Weighted ranking is not a group elicitation technique. A survey
or
questionnaire is the most appropriate elicitation technique to use for a large stakeholder group.
2. Answer C
Explanation An interview is an interaction conducted with a specific stakeholder. Questions
must be developed ahead of the interview to make the best use of the stakeholder's time. As the
stakeholder answers one question, the business analyst may adjust the next question to follow a line
of discussion. The business analyst may also develop additional questions as the interview progresses
to clarify an unclear requirement.
3. Answer D
Explanation The best techniques to use when learning about a new business area are observation
and document analysis. These are best because the business analyst can obtain a significant amount
of information about the current business without taking the time of stakeholders. Observation
allows the business analyst to learn the business and also see possible opportunities for process
improvements. Document analysis involves reading and researching available information on current
business practices (annual report, operating procedures, industry publications), application software
packages (vendor manuals, user manuals, access to the system itself), and performing competitive
analysis.
4. Answer A
Explanation Since your project manager is already aware of this situation, you can assume the
change control process has already been initiated. Your project manager is asking you to do impact
a facilitated workshop is the best way
analysis. Since the new feature would impact all stakeholders,
to find out all of the impacts quickly.
S. Answer C
and stopping the worker to make notes occur during
Explanation Asking questions, participating,
observation, also referred to as invisible observation, the
active (or visible) observation. In passive conversation or interaction.
worker without
analyst makes notes while watching the
6. Answer B
easier. Facilitation is used in requirements workshops,
Explanation To facilitate means to make
Facilitators should not direct the conversation.
but it may also be used in any conversation. interview by making it easier for the stakeholder to
conversation or
A business analyst facilitates a
describe his or her requirements.
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7. Answer D
participants does not guarantee better ideas. A long time period
Explanation A larger number of
evaluation, rather than the generation of ideas. The topic
stifles creativity and encourages too much
contribute concise answers, possible solutions, and ideas.
should be specific so participants can easily
be communicated at the beginning of the session.
Ground rules set the tone for the event, and should
following:
Ground rules for brainstorming generally include the
» Every idea is recorded.

» No idea is "bad."
» Ideas are not evaluated during the brainstorming.
» Stick to a specific topic.
» Set and adhere to a time limit.
8. Answer A
Explanation Unanimousdecisionssound appealing, but if everyone simply agrees, there is a risk
that other, potentially better options were not considered, or the group's decision was not properly
evaluated. Majority rules always leaves out at least one stakeholder, who may feel like the "loser," and
this can be damaging to the team. If the sponsor makes the decision, there is a risk of the stakeholders
not "buying in" to the decision, and not supporting it throughout the initiative. Consensus means
every stakeholder has had a voice in the decision. Their opinion has been heard and considered by
the group and they can support the group's final decision.
9. Answer C
Explanation Making conversations easier is facilitation. Elicitation means to
draw forth. It is an
active approach to learning the requirements of stakeholders.
10. Answer D
Explanation Elicitation techniques can be used to learn
any type of information at any point in
a project or outside of a project. For example, much
of the work of Needs Assessment is
before a project is officially initiated relies on completed
elicitation.
Il. Answer D
Explanation Itis important that stakeholders
review the business analyst's understanding of the
requirements (either on paper or verbally)
to ensure clarity. Brainstorming
generation, therefore it is not useful for is a technique for idea
confirming the results of
elicitation.
12. Answer A
Explanation In both types
ofelicitation sessions,
questions and are encouraged participants are asked specific, predefined
to discuss their requirements.
a group elicitation session!) (Ifdiscussion is not desired, don't hold
The main difference is the
workshops include stakeholders selection ofthe participants.
with specific expertise Requirements
and knowledge that is related
to the
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A
13. Answer
Explanation Before meeting with a stakeholder to elicit requirements, you should understand the
originalneed. Reviewing the situation statement, which was created in Needs Assessment, can be
helpful. Recording requirements, creating a requirements matrix, or using templates can be useful for
documenting elicitation results after the session.
14. Answer C
Explanation After brainstorming ideas, the group should review the list and throw out ideas that
areduplicates or obviously not feasible. Once the list has been cleaned up, voting and further analysis
should be done.
15. Answer C
Explanation Since the stakeholders are located throughout the world, observation and in-person
meetings/interviews would be difficult. A survey or questionnaire is effective when it is difficult or
impossible for the business analyst to interview stakeholders individually.
16. Answer D
Explanation Closed-ended questions generally require yes or no answers or other short responses.
Open-ended questions require more detailed responses, and encourage additional discussion.
17. Answer B
Explanation The solution team will be building the new product and will be able to answer
questions about feature costs and feasibility. They also will have some ideas about how to meet
customer needs with the agreed-upon technology.
18. Answer B
Explanation The prototyping technique is very popular because it helps with elicitation,
requirements analysis, and solution design. It is not usually done as part of planning or estimating.
19. Answer D
Explanation The word consensusmeans all of the parties have been allowed to voice their
opinions and the group has agreed collectively on the final set of requirements. It is considered the
best outcome of decision making. Majority rules is not the best, because even a minority of one
stakeholder who doesn't buy into the requirements decisions can sabotage a project. If there were no
conflicts, the outcome would be described as unanimous. 'Ihe sponsor is not necessarily involved in
resolving requirements conflicts.
20. Answer C
Explanation Document analysis is used to learn about the industry or organization in which
you are working. You should always check the source and creation date of documents you review.
Examplesof documents include corporate annual reports, policies, regulations, manuals, and existing
requirementsdocumentation. It does not include creation of a model.
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21. Answer D
build small pieces of functionality,
Explanation On adaptive life cycle projects, the developers
prototype. It evolves as feedback is received.
show to users, and refine. This is an evolutionary
on a flip chart or whiteboard.
A hand-drawn image of the solution is low fidelity and could be done
A high-fidelity prototype is built electronically to look like a final product, but does not have any
code behind it. A simulation allows users to play with the application with some basic functionality.
22. Answer C
Explanation 'Ihe multi-voting technique involves stakeholders "voting" using colored dots or
markers. This enables each stakeholder to see each other's preferences, and encourages discussion
that often leads to consensus.
23. Answer A
Explanation The Pareto rule (also known as the 80/20 rule) would indicate that 80 percent of the
requirements will come from 20 percent of the stakeholders. As you learn which stakeholders have
the most information, you should adjust your plan to spend more time with them.
24. Answer A
Explanation Business analysts expect details to be revealed over the course of time and through
discussions. This is progressive elaboration. A strong business analyst asks more and more probing
questions at each elicitation session, and often asks the same question in a couple of different ways
to get confirmation. Stakeholders frequently think about their requirements after an elicitation
session and change their mind about what they want. Then at the next elicitation session, different
requirements are revealed.
Chapter 6 Analysis, Part 2
practice Exam
l. Youhave developed a set of requirements for a critical product

change involving five
business groups. Your solution recommendation will be different
very expensive. The best
way to
A.Make a formal presentation to all five groups together.

B.Send out a requirements package to members of all
five groups.
C.Have an informal face-to-face conversation with a
key stakeholder from each group.
D.Have your project manager and sponsor present
the recommendation to the five groups.
2. One of your stakeholders has asked for the solution to be available
to all users regardless of the type
ofdevice they are using (computer, tablet, or phone).
What type of requirement is this?
A. Performance
B. Compatibility
C. Maintainability
D. Operability
3. Which type of work makes sure requirements are aligned with the
business case?
A. Validatingrequirements
B. Verifying requirements
C. Solution validation
D. Conducting a retrospective
4. Acceptancecriteria should be finalized:

A. At the beginning ofthe project, since it is the minimal set ofrequirements that must be met for
the solution to be worth implementing
B. After requirements are complete, to assure test cases are specific and traced
C. During the evaluation phase
D. To help the organization choose between two or more proposed solutions
S. Beforeyou can define business rules, it is most important to have:

A. A data dictionary
B. A complete data model
C. Alist of business processes
D. A defined glossary of terms
6 Youhave been assigned to analyze a complex business problem. There are several departments
involved and the workflow is inconsistent. Which technique would help to visualize the problem?
A. Workflowdiagram
B. Decomposition model
C. Data flow diagram
D. Organizationalmodel

describes interface analysis?
A. Modeling the links between stakeholders to locate areas of shared requirements
B• Diagramming the inputs and outputs of a particular implementation process
C. Identifying exchanges of data between externals and the solution
D Describing the flow ofworkand communication among the members of the project team
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employ user stories as a technique?

8. In which situation is it best to
performance requirements in a project using a predictive
A. When capturing usability and
approach
a variety of locations and they are trying to easily capture,
B. When the team is deployed in in an adaptive environment
communicate, and prioritize requirements
users will interact with the solution are needed to understand the
C. When descriptions of how
users' requirements
user needs and how they will be satisfied so developers can
D. When it is important to capture
estimate
are used to:
9. Context diagrams and use case diagrams
system's features and how it will perform.
A. Demonstrate the users' expectations of a
within a solution.
B. Break down the processes and interfaces and the areas impacted.
with the organization
C. Depict how the solution will interact by the domain stakeholders.
as described
D. Prioritize the most important requirements
released a new version. It will now allow the
10. The learning management system vendor has just
other organizational systems. If the
organization to customize functionality and integrate it with
the highest organizational value,which
organization wants to quickly release the enhancements with
cost and benefits?
of the following would help to prioritize scope based on
A. SWOT analysis
B. Product backlog
C. Risk analysis
D. Nonfunctional requirements analysis
the work of analyzing
11. Which statement best describes how the business case influences
requirements?
A. Requirements are prioritized using information from the business case.
B. Requirements are specified to support the business case.
C. Requirements analysis work results in the business case.
D. Requirements are organized in accordance with the business case.
SOObecause of the
12. A team lead on your project tells you the number of users will be limited to
underlying architecture of the system. This is an example of:
A. A business constraint
B. A technical constraint
C. A nonfunctional requirement
D. A user profile
13. Validating requirements is performed to:

A. Ensure the solution meets the requirements specified.
B. Ensure the requirements conform to standards for quality set by the organization.
orgaruzation.
C. Ensure the requirements describe a solution that will bring business value to the
D. Ensure the completed solution will bring business value to the organization.
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Chapter 6 Analysis, Part 2
14. Why should a business analyst present the requirements back to the business
stakeholder for
approval?
A. "Thestakeholder may change their mind after seeing the requirements in
writing.
B. Ille requirements may be impossible to implement.
C. Most methodologies require this approval.
D. Ihebusiness analyst may not have clearly understood the requirements.
IS. What is another term for workflow diagramming?

A. Flowcharting
B. Benchmarking
C. Storyboarding
D. Modelcharting
16. Quality of service requirements are:

A. Optimal requirements
B. Functional requirements
C. Optional requirements
D. Nonfunctional requirements
17. What is the best use of a state diagram?

A. To identify how objects move from one state to another and check the completeness ofprocess
requirements
B. To identify the specific states of objects and show which process represents the happy path
C. TOpresent the business processes for review and identification of unnecessary processes
D. To represent influences on each object that might speed or slow the process
18. Who determines the priority of requirements?

A. Business analyst
B. Sponsor
C. Project manager
D Stakeholders
19. The purpose ofbaselining requirements is to:
A. Reduce the volume of change requests.
B. Manage workflow.
C. Prevent scope creep.
D. Prioritize change requests.
20. A project using an agile approach is most likely to document requirements using:
A. User stories
B. Executive summaries
C. Detaileddescriptions
D. Requirements packages
21. Decomposition
diagrams are used to:
A. Define the business need based on competitive analysis.
B. Define the boundaries of the solution.
C. Provide key measurements for the business case estimates.
D. Break down business needs.
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22. Which techniques would be most useful for designing a new business
A. Data dictionary, interface analysis. and process modeling
B. Business rules analysis, decomposition modeling, and modeling
C. Business rules analysis, data flow diagrams, and metrics and key performance indicators
D. Business rules analysis, process modeling, and state diagrams
23. Requirements must be:

A. Formallydocumented
B. Completelydetailed
C. Fully analyzed
D. Communicated verbally to save titne
24. Which of the following is a true statement about baselined requirements?

A. Baselined requirements cannot be changed.
B. Baselined requirements define the scope of the solution,
C. Baselined requirements are primarily used to obtain user sign•off.
D. Baselinedrequirements only include solution requirements (functional and nonfunctional).
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2
Chapter 6 Analysis, Part
Answers
A
l. Answer
important to get buy-in from all five groups, since this is an expensive
Explanation It is
informal conversations. Business
recommendation. It is too critical to just send out a package or have
recommendations. You are the expert
analystsmust be comfortable making formal presentations and
on the requirements!
B
2. Answer
Maintainability describes
Explanation Performance requirements describe speed and volume.
to which the solution is
howeasy the solution is to change. Operability describes the extent
of the solution.
understandable.This is a nonfunctional requirement describing the compatibility
3. Answer A
meet the
Explanation Verification of requirements is performed to ensure the requirements
an adaptive
organization's standards of quality. A retrospective is a session held by a team using
the solution occurs after the
approach,to evaluate their product development process. Validating
from satisfaction of the
solution is built. Validating requirements assesses the value to be gained
requirements and alignment with business case.
4. Answer C
Explanation Acceptance criteria describe the minimal set of requirements to make a solution
refined as
worthwhile. Acceptance criteria are defined (at a high level) early in the project and
requirementsare developed. In adaptive development approaches, acceptance criteria are developed
with requirements. They are used to assess the product or solution results.
S. Answer D
Explanation A data dictionary or model could be helpful for showing data elements and
relationships, and a list of processes would also be helpful. However, clear definition of terms is most
important. Business rules are usually defined using sentences. The words in the sentences must be
clearly defined or the rules will not be accurate.
6. Answer B
Explanation Since the workflow here is inconsistent, drawing workflow diagrams will not help
isolate the problem. Data flow diagrams show information flow and are probably more detailed than
is needed at this point. An organizational model shows the organization components, which you
alreadyknow. A decomposition model breaks down a large problem into smaller pieces for clearer
understanding.
7. Answer C
Explanation Interface analysis involves identifying exchanges of data between externals and the
solution. They are often shown in a context diagram or use case diagram.
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S. Answer D
Explanation Usability and performance requirements are not usually captured in stories. Stories
may be used with distributed teams, but were designed for collocated teams. User interactions
with the solution are best captured as prototypes, wireframes, or storyboards. User stories are brief
descriptions of user needs. A user story describes a requirement in just enough detail to enable the
development team to estimate the time to build it.
9. Answer C
Explanation Breakdownsof processes are decomposition diagrams. Prioritization of requirements
can be shown in a product backlog list. Performance characteristics are nonfunctional requirements,
which are usually specified in sentences. Context diagrams and use case diagrams show how a
proposed solution will interact with people, organizations, and systems. Use case diagrams also show
the high-level functions of the solution.
10. Answer B
Explanation A product backlog is a list of requirements, features, or requests for a product that
is prioritized for work by the team. Prioritization considerations include business importance and
technical cost.
11. Answer A
Explanation Requirements do not need to be organized or specified in accordance with the
business case. The business case includes the value and justification for the business
analysis work
and helps drive prioritization ofrequirements.
12. Answer B
Explanation Business constraints and requirements usually come from
the business stakeholders
and must be met by the solution team. A user profile describes a system
user and the functions
performed by the user. In this example, the technical team is letting
you know about a limitation of
the technical architecture; a technical constraint.
13. Answer C
Explanation This is a diffcult question that requires
you to understand the meaning of the word
"validate" (build the right product, bring business
value). You must also realize there is a
between validating and verifying requirements difference
and validating and verifying the finalized
Ensuring the solution meets the requirements solution.
specified describes solution verification.
solution brings value to the organization Ensuring the
is validating the solution. Ensuring
to standards is requirements requirements conform
verification. Requirements validation
a solution that will bring business ensures the requirements describe
value to the organization.
14. Answer D
Explanation
differentpeople.Presentingthe complex and, as such, theyare
often understood differently by
requirements back to the source
your understanding of their stakeholders allows you to confirm
true needs and wants.
IS. Answer A
Explanation Workflowdiagrammingisalso
swimlane referred to as process modeling,
diagramming, process flow, or flowcharting,
who does it, what decisions are process mapping. It is
used to show how work gets
faced, and how exceptions done,
are handled.
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Chapter6 Analysis, Part 2
Answer D
16.
Explanation Nonfunctional requirements are also referred to as quality-of-service requirements or
describe the environment in which the solution must function.
the "-abilities."They
A
17. Answer
Explanation A state diagram shows the objects (or components) of the business or the solution
and their transitions from one state to another. It is a great tool for verifying that processes are
correctlyand completely described.
D
IS. Answer
Explanation Although the sponsor has ultimate approval authority, that person is not usually
involvedin detailed requrements prioritization. The business analyst does not have the authority to
makeprioritization determinations independently. Ihey must facilitate stakeholder agreement on
prioritization.
19. Answer C
Explanation Baselines are not used to manage workflow, to reduce the number of change requests,
or help with prioritization. They are useful in evaluating change requests to determine whether the
requested changes are within the scope of the project, thereby preventing scope creep.
20. Answer A
Explanation A predictive life cycle approach includes formal documentation of requirements,
such as requirements packages with executive summaries and detailed descriptions. Product backlog
lists, user stories, and verbal discussions are generally used to document and present requirements
using an agile (adaptive) life cycle. All of these approaches are valid ways to present requirements for
confirmation.
21. Answer D
Explanation Competitive analysis uses benchmarking. Defining boundaries uses scope modeling.
Measurements are defined by metrics and key performance indicators. Decomposition diagramming
is used to break something down or analyze it. Business needs can be decomposed into more detailed
needs, as can processes, goals, or any other business component.
22. Answer B
Explanation Process modeling is the first technique you should think of. Decomposition
modelingis useful for breaking down processes. Business rules analysis is necessary to make sure the
redesigned process enforces the correct rules. The other techniques might be used, but they are not
the most useful.
23. Answer C
Explanation Requirements do not need to be formally documented on all projects. On adaptive

life cycle projects, they may be communicated verbally, but they may also be documented on
informaltools such as flip charts, whiteboards, or wikis. Not every requirement needs to be
completelydetailed. You need just enough detail to confirm understanding and communicate to the
solution team. The only answer where "must" is appropriate here is that requirements must be fully
analyzed.
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24. Answer B
Explanation The baseline can be changed by using the established change control process. Any
type of requirements can be baselined. They are signed off, but obtaining sign-off is not the primary
purpose of baselining. The primary purpose is to prevent scope creep. Baselined requirements define
the scope of the solution.
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Chapter 7 Traceability and Monitoring
practiceExam
has funded a marketing project. -Ihe requirements are complete and
l. your organization approved.
work with the solution team to:
Next,you should
A. Baseline requirements and trace them to test cases.

B. Allocaterequirements to solution components.
C. Rank proposed solutions and compare them to the requirements.
D. Add requirements attributes to the traceability matrix.
2. Youare working with the team to clarify the boundaries of the solution. The solution is of great
importance to the organization and a significant number of requirements have been identified.
Which of the following will help keep track of the decisions on requirements that are made?
A. Decision analysis
B. Business rules analysis
C. Nonfunctional requirements analysis
D. Requirements traceability matrix
3. As he is allocating requirements for a solution, the business analyst discovers one of the solution
components does not support the original business need. What should he do?
A. Make a note in the allocation map and on the team's outstanding issues list.
B. Eliminate the solution component, as it is not needed.
C. Leave the allocation blank and report it to the project manager.
D. Tell the solution team to change the solution component.
and
4. Yourproject has been underway for several months. The requirements have been approved,
product,
product development is almost complete. Your customer has seen an early version of the
and she requested significant changes that will be very costly.What should you do?
the request is out of scope.
A. Review the scope documentation with the customer to show her that
her that the requirements were
b Review the requirements sign-off with the customer to remind
approved.
if the changes are aligned with
C. Review the initial business case with the customer to determine
the need.
to see if the changes can be
D Review the product design specifications with the solution team
done at a lower cost than estimated.
S. Traceability:
and approved
A• Describes the activities completed to ensure requirements are analyzed
origin to the deliverables that
b Provides the ability to track product requirements from their
satisfythem
C• Is maintained as long as the business analyst is assigned to the project
D. Requires upfront setup and comprehensive, formal documentation
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requirements should be traced?

Ingenet-al,Which
12.
Theusual recommendation is that only requirements that are critical, or required to meet
regulations or standards, should be traced.
requirements is so time consuming that it should be avoided unless a cost-benefit
B. Tracing
analysisdemonstrates it is necessary for a project.
C. Tracingrequirements is a matter of preference, and should be based on the business analyst's
expertjudgment and experience on previous projects.
p. Most projects should trace all requirements, although exceptions can be made for small projects
that are characterized by a low level of formality.
is repeatedly requesting changes. You discover the contract does not include
13. fie customer
procedures implementing changes, and there are no available funds in the customer's budget to
for
accommodatechanges. What should you do?
A. Ask your management to use money from the company's cost reserve.
B. Tell the customer there is no budget for changes in the project.
C. Discuss the situation with the customer to decide how to remedy this problem.
D. Makeonly those changes that do not impact cost.
14. The customer has just submitted a change request that does not affect the project schedule and is
easyto complete. What should be done first?
A. Make the change happen as soon as possible.
B. Contact the project sponsor for permission.
C. Goto the change control board.
D. Evaluate the impacts on other project constraints.
IS. The most proactive approach to change management is to focus on:

A. Making changes
B. Tracking and recording changes
C. Informing the sponsor of changes
D. Preventingunnecessary changes
16. There have been a lot of changes on the project. This was not considered to be a problem until
one day you discover you cannot determine how many changes are currently being reviewed. This
problemindicates an error in which of the following?
A. Change control system and requirements management plan
B. Poorrequirements elicitation and documentation
C. Lackofa change control board and constrained optimization
D. A poor change configuration system and benefit analysis
17. Which of the following is not a true statement about traceability?

A. Documenting traceability requires valuable time and cost that must be balanced with other
work.
B. Traceabilitycan impact project risk.
C. Traceability needs are determined on a project-by-project basis.
D Traceabilitymust be formally documented to be useful.
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18. The system used by a business analyst to keep requirements information organized, available, and
current is commonly referred to as a:
A. Version control system
B. Documentation management system
C. Configuration management system
D. Requirements traceability system
19. While planning for a vendor package upgrade, you need to decide on your traceability approach.
What is the most important consideration?
A. The new system features and how they relate to your requirements
B. Which requirements attributes to capture in your traceability matrix
C. Makingsure the business needs met by the existing package are still met by the new
package
D. The format of your traceabilitymatrix
Answers
B
1. Answer
Explanation Allocating requirements to solution components ensures that every requirement will
be built into the solution and the solution doesn't include any gold plating (added features that were
not requested). If requirements are complete and approved, they have already been baselined.
2. Answer D
Explanation A requirements traceability matrix is a tool for keeping track of requirements and
their attributes, such as status. It also shows which requirements will and will not be included in the
scopeofa solution.
3. Answer A
Explanation This situation should be further investigated, so adding it to the team's outstanding
issueslist is the first step. The component should not be eliminated, because other parts of the
solutionmay be dependent on it. It is the responsibility of the business analyst to resolve this; it
shouldnot be referred to the project manager unless it can't be easily resolved. Rather than telling the
solutionteam to change the component, it is better to find out why it doesn't map.
4. Answer C
Explanation Significant changes requested late in a project must be carefully analyzed. These
changesmay not support the original business case or need. This is the first conversation to have with
the customer. Reviewing scope documentation or sign-offs probably won't convince her to rescind
the request, but if she sees that the request does not support the original need or value, the decision
should be clearer.
5. Answer B
Explanation Traceability describes the links between any components of a project, such as
Objectives,problems, deliverables, requirements, and test cases. It should be maintained throughout
the life of the project, even if the business analyst leaves the team.
6. Answer D
Explanation Requirements attributes are helpful in understanding and managing the

requirements.Capturing metrics, such as the duration of elicitation events, is useful in future
planningof similar events. Validating the solution confirms that it will bring value. Requirements
shouldbe traceable to business goals and objectives if they are to be included in the work This is the
best way to minimize
scope creep.
7.
Answer A
Explanation When a column is empty, something is wrong. Assuming the project objectives were
reviewedand approved by the sponsor during project initiation, the correct answer here is you are
nussing at least one
requirement.
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8. Answer C
or links between one requirement
Explanation A traceability matrix shows relationships
project component (such as a test case), and
component to another requirement or to another
matrix is built to make sure requirements are not
ultimately links back to a business objective. This
missed and are correctly implemented.
9. Answer A
is the definition of impact
Explanation Analyzing the effect ofa change on a system or procedure
requests.
analysis. Change management is the approach to dealing with change
10. Answer B
Explanation Traceability is very beneficial, but only when it is maintained. Maintaining tracing
you
can be time consuming, so a commitment is needed. Once you have management commitment,
can recommend tracing formats and specific links.
Il. Answer B
Explanation Although it is unfortunate that the quality assurance expert joined the team late,
you should welcome his feedback at any point. When he has discovered an erroneous or missing
requirement, the change control process should be followed to assess the impact of the change and
have it prioritized by the business stakeholders. While a change at this point might result in rework,
allowing the entire solution to be built incorrectly will be more costly in the long run.
12. Answer A
Explanation Although tracing requirements is time consuming, it should be done for
requirements that are mandated by regulations or other standards.
13. Answer C
Explanation Changes made by the customer should be paid for by the customer and not require
the use of the seller's reserves. Saying no should not be a first choice. Making only changes that do
not add cost does not completely address the problem, and it is unlikely that the requested changes
could all be accomplished without impacting cost. Sometimes the best way to resolve a problem
is to
sit down with all parties, discuss the issues, and find a solution that works for everyone.
14. Answer D
Explanation The other impacts to the project should be evaluated first.
These include possible
scope creep and impacts on related requirements and the solution
design.
15. Answer D
Explanation 'Ibe only proactive answer here is to focus on
preventing unnecessary changes.
16. Answer A
Explanation The issue here is the ability to record
and keep track ofchanges, not
requirements. There is nothing to say that there isn't eliciting
a change control board in place, and
as described here could still occur even the problem
with a change control board.
a made-up term and so cannot be best. Change configuration system is
Recording and tracking changes is
may overlap with the requirements part of change control and
management plan.
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17.
n Although some level oftraceability is requtred for every project, it may not be
formally documented. In planning, the business analyst determines the appropnate level of
traceabilityrequired, based on the specifics of the particular project. Factors in determining the
level include the degree of risk and the complexity of the prolect.
B
18. Answer
Explanation Version control refers to tracking changes to requirements or versions. Configuration
managementalso keeps track of changes and links. Requirements traceability keeps track of links and
current status.
19. Answer c
Explanation There are many reasons for tracing requirements. In this scenario, since your business
is alreadyusing the package, the most important consideration is making sure the upgrade doesn't
negativelyimpact existing capabilities. Next would be considering the new system features, and
determininghow they relate to your requirements Capturing requirements attributes doesn't show
relationships between requirements. Format is not important because the traceability matrix is not
usuallypresented to stakeholders.
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Chapter 8 Evaluation
practiceExam
the solution and find it does not meet the

l. you are testing requirements. What should you
do?
Instruct the solution team to rebuild the solution.
A.
the sponsor that the solution is different than
B. Explain to expected.
the solution team to find out why they didn't
C. Talk with follow instructions.
in
D. Recordthe problems the defect tracking system.
2. your solution has been implemented and used by the business area for several months. During
your evaluation of the solution performance, you heard several complaints, even though
the
improvements you predicted have been realized. What is the most likely reason for the complaints?
A. End users always complain about a change for a while.

B. End users don't understand the value of the high-level project objectives.
C. Yourperformance metrics are not accurate.
D. You are measuring the wrong things. The measurements don't support the original objectives.
3. Which of the following metrics can be used to assess solution viability?

A. The number of change requests
B. Total actual project costs
C. A calculation of the return on investment
D. The variance between expected and actual earned value
4. Yourcustomer provided very specific nonfunctional requirements for his new product. These can be
A. Asthe acceptance criteria for delivery of the product

B. To determine one aspect of the acceptance criteria
C. To assign the testing to a junior tester, since the requirements are very specific
D. To calculate variances from the final product to report at the point of delivery
5. The last phase of software testing, which is done to ensure the product complies with the business
requirements, is called:
A. User acceptancetesting
B. Regression testing
C. Qualityassurance testing
D. Unit testing
6. The testers for a new inventory management system performed the first round of tests as outlined
in the test plan. They reported concerns and problems, and root cause analysis was performed.
Theteam worked on resolving the problems. What should be done next?
A. Inspectionor walkthrough
B. Unit testing
C. Regressiontesting
D. Performance testing
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to evaluate the
7. Your project is using a predictive life cycle. What activities will be performed
solution
A. User acceptance testing, integration testing, and regression testing
and validation of
B. User acceptance testing, alignment with business goals and objectives,
key metrics
C. Unit testing, integration testing, and system testing
and inspection
D. Alignment of business goals and objectives, validation of key metrics,
S. Solution validation is performed to:

A. Ensure the completed solution will bring business value to the organization.
to the organization.
B. Ensure the requirements describe a solution that will bring business value
C. Ensure the completed solution meets the requirements specified.
organization.
D. Ensure the requirements conform to standards for quality set by the
the solution
9. Your project is using an adaptive life cycle approach. Techniques used to validate
include:
A. User stories, test cases, day-in-the-life testing
B. Use cases, focus groups, exploratory testing
C. Capability table, sequence diagram, retrospectives
D. Peer review, integration testing, user acceptance testing
10. Which requirements can be used to develop test cases?

A. Use case diagrams, requirement attributes, business analysis work plan
B. Situation statement, scope models, backlog items
C. MoSCoW requirements, baselines, fishbone diagrams
D. User stories, nonfunctional requirements, display action response tables
that is used to test the
I I. Which implementation strategy involves a small-scale implementation
solution ?
A. Pilot
B. Cutover
C. Phased rollout
D Parallel processing
to formally
12. After the solution is completed, the team recruits several individuals who are not trained
test new products. As these individuals work with the solution, the team observes. This type of
testing is called:
A. User interface testing
B. Exploratorytesting
C. Integration testing
D. Transition testing
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Chapter 8 Evaluation
Answers
l. Answer
c
Explanation Remember to answer the question from the perspective of the business analyst.
start by talking with the solution team to find out why they didn't follow
A businessanalyst would
the requirements and then alert the project manager. The business analyst does not direct or instruct
only the project manager does.
anyoneon the team,
D
2. Answer
Explanation End users don't like change, but this solution has been used for a few months so
theyshould have adjusted by now. End users usually understand the business reason for the change.
Ihe most likely problem is that you measured the wrong things.
3. Answer c
cost,
Explanation Regardless of how many changes were made or how much the project
actual ROI is a better way to assess the viability
comparingthe expected return on investment to the
of the solution.
4. Answer B
for a junior
Explanation These requirements would probably not be sufficient information
requirements are not the
tester; the acceptance criteria would be more important. Nonfunctional
acceptance criteria. Nonfunctional
whole picture and, as such, would not completely describe the
of the acceptance criteria, which might be more
requirementswould be used to determine one aspect
complexthan simple a pass/fail.
S. Answer A
users of the solution to ensure the
Explanation User acceptance testing is performed by end
requirements.
solution meets their needs and complies with the business
6. Answer C
solution that has been changed to make
Explanation Regression testing is retesting the part of the
has not been affected by the change, and
sure the problem has been corrected, existing functionality
no new problems have been introduced.
7. Answer B
after all development. Regression testing
Explanation In predictive life cycles, unit testing is done rather than validation.
is done after defects are corrected. These are both verification activities
business and user needs.
Solution evaluation is focused on making sure the solution meets
8. Answer
A
ofthe word validation (build
Explanation This question requires you to understand the meaning
requirements validation,
the right product, bring business value). "Theincorrect choices describe
requirements verification, and solution verification.
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9. Answer A
Explanation In an adaptive life cycle, user stories with their acceptance criteria are identified early
in the product development process and used to test at the end of each fixed time segment. Test
cases can be developed from the acceptance criteria and DITL testing is often used at the end of each
release.
10. Answer D
Explanation User stories include acceptance criteria, nonfunctional requirements specify quality
of service characteristics expected from the solution, and display action response tables describe how
the solution should operate.
11. Answer A
Explanation Tlis is the definition of a pilot. It may refer to a small part Ofthe solution or a small
part of the business.
12. Answer B
Explanation This is an example of exploratory testing. The goal of such testing is to confirm that
the solution performs as it was designed to, and that the solution cannot be made to perform in ways
other than that for which it was designed.

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Chapter3 Needs Assessment

I. A context diagram shows:

3. Business analysis professionals spend their time:

4. A roadmap or plan for how the organization structures

S. A context diagram is considered which type of requirement?

6. SWOT stands for:

7. Which ofthe following is a SMART objective?

10. Another name for a business problem or opportunity is:

13. Important techniques used when defining a business case include:

14. 'Ihe solution scope is needed to:

17. The fishbone diagram is used with:

l. Businessanalysis work is generally on the critical path of a project because:

2. A RACI matrix shows:

4. A plan to handle requirements changes is referred to as:

6' Which life cycle is

9. Many factors influence business analysis planning, including:

10. Which of the following is a reason to use an adaptive life cycle?

12. Which techniques can be used to identify stakeholder groups?

between business, stakeholder, and solution reqUirements

23. All the following are true about acceptance

A. Observation and prototyping

S. In passiveobservation, the business analyst:

result is considered the best?

10. Elicitation is used:

13. Before you elicit requirements you should:

is not a closed-ended question?

18. Prototyping supports which of the following?

19. Consensus means:

project using an adaptive life cycle approach.

24. The business stakeholders on your

» Every idea is recorded.

l. Youhave developed a set of requirements for a critical product

A.Make a formal presentation to all five groups together.

4. Acceptancecriteria should be finalized:

S. Beforeyou can define business rules, it is most important to have:

7. Which of the following

employ user stories as a technique?

13. Validating requirements is performed to:

IS. What is another term for workflow diagramming?

16. Quality of service requirements are:

17. What is the best use of a state diagram?

18. Who determines the priority of requirements?

23. Requirements must be:

24. Which of the following is a true statement about baselined requirements?

Explanation Requirements do not need to be formally documented on all projects. On adaptive

A. Baseline requirements and trace them to test cases.

requirements should be traced?

IS. The most proactive approach to change management is to focus on:

17. Which of the following is not a true statement about traceability?

Explanation Requirements attributes are helpful in understanding and managing the

the solution and find it does not meet the

A. End users always complain about a change for a while.

3. Which of the following metrics can be used to assess solution viability?

A. Asthe acceptance criteria for delivery of the product

S. Solution validation is performed to:

10. Which requirements can be used to develop test cases?

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