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SOLEDAD PROJECT

SOLEDAD PROJECT

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SOLEDAD PROJECT
Sedimentary - Evaporitic Ore Deposit (Li, U, V, K, Mg, Sr)
LOCATION
The Soledad Project is on the southwestern rim of the Loa River, comprising 47 km2
(4,700 hectares) of mining properties in the Salar Llamara, near the town of Quillagua,
II Region of Antofagasta, at an average height of 750 m. snm., close to 150 km SSE of
the Iquique city, with excellent accessibility by the Panamerican highway 5N, and
secondary accesses by dirt roads in flat area.

Soledad Project

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SOLEDAD PROJECT

Geographic setting of Quillagua-Llamara basin in the


Central Depression (DEM based on ASTER GDEM
data). Orange indicates outcrops of the Soledad
Collahuasi
Formation (Brüggen, 1950; Sáez et al., 2012;
Quezada et al., 2013). Blue indicates outcrops of the
Quillagua Formation (Sáez et al., 2012).

(1) Cerro Soledad,


(2) Lomas de Sal,
El Abra Mine (3) Westernmost extension of former lake, overflow
of Río Loa,
(4) Montón de Gloria Pass (831 m),
RT Mine
(5) White area indicates Salar Grande,
Chuquicamat (6) dashed white line denotes the Calama basin.
a
Translucent blue area indicates potential lake
extension.

From: Benedikt Rittera et al(2017)

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SOLEDAD PROJECT
Google Earth Satellite 3D Model (based
on Image Landsat/Copernicus – Data
SIO, NOAA, U.S. Navy, NGA, GEBCO)
with a twofold altitude exaggeration. The
pale shaded area displays potential lake
Soledad Project extension based on outcrops. White
arrows indicate major water inflow
pathways, blue arrows mark overflow
paths toward the (1) Salar Grande
(present altitude 831 m ± 10 m) and (2)
Río Loa (present altitude 830 ± 10 m).
The latter was the outflow during the
breach of the endorheic drainage system
of the Quillagua basin. (For
interpretation of the references to colour
in this figure legend, the reader is
referred to the web version of this
article.)

From: Benedikt Rittera et al(2017)


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SOLEDAD PROJECT
Google Earth image with modelled lake extension
(ASTER GDEM 30 m resolution) of a flooding level
(dark blue) of 830 m.a.s.l. Reconstruction only for the
Quillagua-Llamara basin. Light blue indicates
reconstructed estimated maximum paleo-lake
extension based on outcrops and modelled lake
extensions.
(1) Río Loa potential overflow divide towards the
Pacific,
(2) Montón de Gloria pass, overflow divide towards
Salar Grande,
Soledad Project
(3) Cerro Soledad with isolated topographic heights,
(4) Lomas de Sal,
(5) Salar Grande, and
(6) Quillagua.
(B). Maximum elevation indicates local tectonic uplift of
a splay fault from the AFS responsible for potential
tectonic ponding. Minimum elevation indicates recent
Río Loa course.
(C) 3D Image (ASTER GDEM data) displays the
tectonic splay fault from the Atacama Fault System.
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SOLEDAD PROJECT

CLIMATE AND VEGETATION

Quillagua is described as one of the driest places in the world, with


rainfall close to zero, the temperature has a strong daily oscillation.
The extreme aridity of the zone implies a null vegetation with the
sole exception of the valley of the Loa river, where some vegetation
is recognized.

In the past, Quillagua produced abundant tons of fodder (grass),


river shrimp, and at some time trout was produced. None of that
remains today, as a result of the decrease in water flow, in addition
to the pollution levels of the Loa river that runs from South to North.

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SOLEDAD PROJECT

Salar Llamara

Soledad Project

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SOLEDAD PROJECT
GEOLOGÍA DISTRITAL DEL SALAR LLAMARA

LEGEND

Tomado de: Muñoz, J.F.P. and Veras, F. 2009. Adenda II, Estudio De Impacto Ambiental, Pampa Hermosa.

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SOLEDAD PROJECT
Levels of sand (fangolitas gray)
GEOLOGY Levels of nitrate (caliche);
sulfates; clay and silt and with higher gypsum
sand
QUILLAGUA PROJECT Levels of gray sand
Loa River

Terraced levels of the El Loa


Formation (Lower Miocene-
Upper Pliocene) are
recognized, formed by
calcareous silts, fanglo-
merates, sandstones, conglo-
merates and arcillolitas of
brown and white colors, these
are covered by levels of
evaporitic sulphates (anhydrite
-yeso) of Soledad Formation
of the Quaternary (Bobenrieth,
1979). Carbonate and
amorphous silica levels are
also found.

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SOLEDAD PROJECT

GEOCHEMICAL SAMPLING IN QUILLAGUA PROJECTS

TRANSPORTATION AND DEPOSIT


The gypsum-anhydrite crusts and salts were
deposited in an evaporitic continental
environment, it is possible to interpret the
existence of lacustrine deposits, with
contributions from the upper Loa River, which
evidently transported abundant SO4, Cl, Na,
etc. These precipitated thanks to an
evaporation condition.
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SOLEDAD PROJECT
RESULTS OF GEOCHEMISTRY IN
QUILLAGUA PROJECTS

The geochemical results show a clear


anomaly of Fe, S, As, Mo, Ag, related to
erosion and subsequent transport and
precipitation in a large lagoon from the
Miocene to the Pliocene from the giants
of Cu - Mo from Collahuasi, El Abra to
Chuquicamata Cluster . This can be a
good indicator for exploring this type of
giants.High Surface anomalies of U, V,
As, S, Li, Sr, Ca, Ag, Cd, Mo, Mg, Sc, K.
Probably coming from the giant copper-
moly deposits at Collahuasi, El Abra, RT,
Chuquicamata and among others, and
carried on dilution by the Loa River and
precipitated by pH change in the
Mo Ag As U Sr Cd Bi V Ca Mg Sc Li
Quillagua sector. Promedio 3.8 0.1 434 5.7 3.083
(%)
0.6
(%)
0.2 121 9.9 1.9 5.9 200
Max 46.6 0.9 >10.000 39.8 >10.000 6.9 0.4 461 28.3 6.1 14.0 1.073
Desv. St 3.7 0.1 890 4.3 2.425 0.8 0.1 43 3.2 0.9 1.9 169

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SOLEDAD PROJECT

RESULTS OF
LITHIUM ISOVALUES

A relevant result was the


intense and extensive
anomaly of Li, this
anomaly is related to a
level of intermediate
terrace and seems to
also have its origin in
the area of Calama. The
anomalous values of Li
in soils, allow to
suppose better
concentrations of Li in
Rocks.

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SOLEDAD PROJECT

RESULTS OF
Uranium
URANIUM ISOVALUES Isovalues

The anomalous values of


Uranium are located in the
intermediate terrace, in
which amorphous silica
and abundant plaster
crystals could be
observed, associated with
gray and greenish
sedimentary rocks.

Increased
intensity
Anomaly U phase 1
Scintillometer

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SOLEDAD PROJECT
DATA ANALYSIS
When performing a comparative analysis
with the standardized data of Granodiorite-
Clarke, we can observe which elements Comparison Clarke Granodiorite
are above the world average, which for this
case we could consider the background.

It is interesting to note that the elements


whose averages are anomalous are: As, S,
Li, Sr, Ca, Ag, Cd, Mo, Mg, Sc, Bi, V, U.

The clearly anomalous chemical elements


are showing a typical association of the
hydrothermal systems (cupriferous
porphyries). This is not surprising
considering that the Cu - Mo giants are
located upstream by the Loa river. The Sr
is strangely anomalous, Sr concentrations
in Chuquicamata cluster deposits have
lower concentrations.
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SOLEDAD PROJECT

The present sampling work was concentrated in the


search of anomalous values of U, developed in
2007. The concentrations found of U are
anomalous but not high enough to constitute by
themselves an economically exploitable deposit. It
is evident that the concentrations of Uranium of
Solitude are above the average of the rocks of the
earth's crust, even more, it was possible to detect
concentrations of Uranium close to 0.01%, those
concentrations were found in caliche with silicic
intercalations. The PIMA study detected Agrinierite
mineralization (K2CaU6O20.9H2O), a mineral that
is closely linked to silica.

The high values close to 1000 ppm obtained in


Soledad soil, are a highly interesting fact to
highlight. Also the high values of Vanadium and
Potassium.

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SOLEDAD PROJECT QUILLAGUA PROJECT: Elements Correlation Table

GEOCHEMICAL RESULTS
The high correlation with Magnesium
(0.82) indicates that Lithium could come
from Hectorite [Na0.3 (Mg, Li) 3Si4O10 (F,
OH) 2] which is a clay from the Smectite
Group. There is also a good correlation
with Uranium (0.54), W (0.63), As (0.38),
also in smaller quantities with Na, Rb, Th,
Zr, Ba. The K is zero (0.01).

On the other hand, inversely with Fe (-0.3),


Cr (-0.3), Ni (-0.26), Ti (-0.26), S (-0.19),
Ca (-0.16), others less are Mn, Mo, Sc.

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SOLEDAD PROJECT
VANADIO EL METAL VERDE PARA LOS PARQUES EÓLICOS Y FOTOVOLTAICOS
TAMBIÉN ESTA EN ALTO CONTENIDO EN EL AREA
Un metal poco conocido puede ser vital para la eficiencia en
distintas industrias que usan acero y en la revolución de las
energías renovables. El vanadio, utilizado principalmente como
agregado para fortalecer el acero y reducir su peso.

Con una pequeña cantidad de vanadio se mejora la resistencia del


China: US$25.5/lb (+2.82%)
acero en 30%, lo cual significa que en la construcción de
Oct 10, 2018
automóviles podemos reducir la masa en 30%

Pero también se comienzan a investigar sus cualidades para


guardar grandes cantidades de energía necesarias para las
energías renovables. Se puede emplear en las nuevas baterías
con capacidad para guardar grandes cantidades de energía,
siendo la solución ideal para los parques eólicos y fotovoltaicos.
Uno de las principales causas que limita el crecimiento de las
energías renovable es el almacenamiento. En este sentido, se
cree que las baterías de vanadio pueden ser una solución. https://www.vanadiumprice.com/
Baterías Redox de Vanadio o Redox de Flujo son el nuevo tipo
de batería destinada a revolucionar los sistemas de energía.
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