MEC 523

APPLIED ELECTRONICS AND MICROPROCESSOR

MINI PROJECT

“AUTONOMOUS IRRIGATION SYSTEM FOR FUTURE FARMING”

CLASS : EMD6M1A

LECTURER NAME : DR MOHD SYAHAR BIN MOHD SHAWAL

GROUP MEMBERS:

1. ISKANDAR ZULKARNAIN BIN ROSLI 2015259576

2. SYAFIQ BIN ROSLAN 2015229916

3. MUHAMMAD FAEZ BIN ASMI 2015663838

4. MUHAMMAD AMINUDDIN BIN ALIAS 2015299038

5. LUQMAN HAKIM BIN KAMARUHEN 2015209372

CONTENT

CHAPTER 1 : TITLE .................................................................................................... 2

CHAPTER 2 : INTRODUCTION ................................................................................. 2

CHAPTER 3 : PROBLEM STATEMENT.................................................................... 3

CHAPTER 4 : PROJECT OBJECTIVE ........................................................................ 4

CHAPTER 5 : METHODOLOGY ................................................................................ 6

5.1 Component ....................................................................................................... 6

5.2 Algorithm flow chart........................................................................................ 8

5.3 Arduino coding .............................................................................................. 10

5.4 Schematic diagram ......................................................................................... 12

5.5 Costing ........................................................................................................... 14

CHAPTER 6 : DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION ................................................. 15

CHAPTER 7 : FUTURE IMPROVEMENT ............................................................... 17

CHAPTER 8 : REFERENCES .................................................................................... 19

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CHAPTER 1 : TITLE

Autonomous Irrigation System For Future Farming

CHAPTER 2 : INTRODUCTION

Irrigation system is the system that control the amount of water to plant at needed
time. In Malaysia agriculture remains as an important sector in economy. In statistic,
agriculture contribute 12 percent to the national GDP which is gross domestic product
and provide employment for 16 percent of the population. This is because the
Malaysian tropical climate is very favorable for the production of various exotic fruits
and vegetables since it experiences hurricanes or drought. For the examples, the fruits
and vegetables that have been produced in Malaysia are bananas, coconuts, durian,
pineapples, rambutan, cucumber, pumpkins, chili and many others.

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 The history of the irrigation system have been found by the archeological
investigation when the natural rainfall was insufficient to support for rainfed
agriculture so the need to create a system so the agriculture have sufficient water to
keep the demand for the daily used for the population surrounding as the population
will increase from time to time. The irrigation system have been developed as the
trending of the world. The irigation system that have been build such as
animal-powered irrigation in Egypt, prennial irrigation in Mesopotamian, water wheel
(sakia) in the Ancient Nubians and many others.

There is several methods of the irrigation such as surface irrigation,

micro-irrigation, drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation and hose-end sprinklers. The
methods used is for the condition of the field of plant that need to water and
considering of the cost of the method used because each of the method have their
owns benefits to the consumer. Other than that, the water sources also very important
for the irrigation system. The source of the water can come from the ground water
which is springs or using wells and the surface water which is rivers, lakes, reservoirs
or non-conventional sources.

CHAPTER 3 : PROBLEM STATEMENT

The main reasons we invented this arduino project is because of our climax in our
country. As we know, the climax in our country (malaysia) is hot and humid.
Therefore, the growth of plants in our country needs intensive care from farmers in
order to achieve good products and fruits. To help farmers water the plants, we
invented “AUTONOMOUS IRRIGATION SYSTEM FOR FUTURE FARMING”.
By this project , it will less the burden off all the farmers because it have a
temperature sensor that will detect if the climax is to hot or dry and automatically
watered the plant and make it not dehydrated.

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CHAPTER 4 : PROJECT OBJECTIVE

1. To learn the arduino hardware in real life situation.

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2. To develop and create own prototype using arduino hardware.

3. To testing the prototype using arduino hardware.

4. To give some ideas how to handle the problems occur in daily life.

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CHAPTER 5 : METHODOLOGY

5.1 Component

No Components Quantity
1 Arduino uno R3 with cable
1

2 Pump
1

3 Moisture sensor
1

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4 Nickle breadboard
1

5 Battery
1

6 Battery connector
1

7 Wire jumper

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5.2 Algorithm flow chart

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4

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 5.3 Arduino coding

int moistureSensor = A0;

int motor = 8;

int temp=A1;

void setup() {

// put your setup code here, to run once:

Serial.begin(9600);

pinMode(motor,OUTPUT);

void motorState(int state)

digitalWrite(8,state);

void readSensors()

temp = analogRead(A1);

void loop() {

readSensors();

int sensorValue = analogRead(moistureSensor);

moistureSensor= moistureSensor;

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Serial.print(moistureSensor);

Serial.print("%");

Serial.println();

temp= analogRead(A1);

temp= temp*0.48828125;

Serial.print(temp);

Serial.print("c");

Serial.println();

if (sensorValue <=4)

readSensors();

if (temp >= 30)

motorState(400);

digitalWrite(motor,LOW);

else

motorState(1000);

digitalWrite(motor,HIGH);

else

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{

motorState(1000);

digitalWrite(motor,HIGH);

delay(1000);

5.4 Schematic diagram

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 5.5 Costing

No Parts Quantity Price

1 Arduino sets 1 Rm 110.00

2 Water pump 1 Rm 20.00

3 Moisture sensor 1 Rm 7.00

Total Rm 137.00

For this project the total cost for the parts is rm 137.00

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CHAPTER 6 : DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

For the discussion we can conclude that this Arduino project that we build is
successful using Arduion Uno R3. We decided to invent an Irrigation system. As we
all know Irrigation system is the system that control the amount of water to plant at
needed time. This is because the climate at our country is to hot and dry. Therefore
the plants needed extra care in order to obtained well developed fruits.

Next, the type of sensor that we used in this project is the soil motion sensor.
After doing some discussion and brainstorming we decided to choose the soil motion
sensor. For this sensor it detect moisture in the soil to detect it is too much water or
too dry. This also been our priority because most of the sensor are designed to detect
the moisture at the surrounding not in the soil.

Moreover , we are aware that the climate in the country is hot and dry. Therefore ,
a few consideration are been made and some calculation needs to be recalculated in
order to get the correct and accurate moisture and temperature. To get that, we add the
temperature sensor in the project in order to get more accurate and precise
temperature at the ambient temperature.

Not to forget , we also used “ if “ “else“ loop for this project because this project
is not to complicated and only used two sensors compared to others project that used
multiple sensors.

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 Finally , this project is successfully done and the irrigation system is operated
efficiently to water the plants. We also learned many new things about this Arduino
project and hope to improve more in our next project.

For the conclusion, we can conclude that this Arduino project is successful. At
first we all cannot proceed at this project because of our knowledge about the Arduino
is very little. But after doing some research and asking quite a lot question to our
lecturer we managed to know a little bit more and managed to work it on. We also
hope that the irrigation system that we build can help and will help the farmers in
need. If we want to explore more about this Arduino project we need to learn more
because we just barely scratched the surface of what we can really do with this
technology.

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CHAPTER 7 : FUTURE IMPROVEMENT

Future improvement very important so that any system can be improve by having
planning on how the system can be upgrade to the next level and benefit to the
consumer.

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 For this arduino project of the autonomous irrigation system for the farming,
there is several aspect that can be improve. The improvement include to make the
system easier to handle with care. The future improvement is detect the soil need to
water by signal through handphone by connecting of bluetooth or wifi connection.
This very easier to detect the problems occur very fast and easier for the consumer to
make a quick action.

Other than that, we can add another reservoir which contains fertilizer in liquid
form. A calendar system will be implied for the fertilizer to pour on the plant
according to a certain rate of time.

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CHAPTER 8 : REFERENCES

1. Malaysia agriculture

http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Asia-and-the-Pacific/Malaysia-AGR
ICULTURE.html. Retrieved on 30th May 2018.

2. Irrigation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrigation. Retrieved on 30th May 2018.

3. M.B. Kirkham. 2014. “Principle of Soil and Plant Water Relations 2nd Edition; 6.
Static Water in Soil ”. Academic Press. pg 71-79.

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