Rqq reviewer 2nd quarter
Gudluck fam, bless u, kung hanggang saan man umabot 2!!this is not ur usual reviewer!! #ByeCurrB
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
 Includes purpose and reason behind the
conduct of the study
 What made you conduct the study?
 Introduction of the research paper
 Gives an overview of the study to inform the
reader of its rationale and the essence of work
o Inverted pyramid structure – deductive
writing method that puts essential info
first. (General to specific)
o Contextualizing – Conceptualizing -
Resolving
Statement of the Problem
 Main problem that the research is trying to solve
 Forms: very simple & very complex
 Determines every following step in the research
 Should fulfill the following:
o States the variables, population, and
research setting under study
o Variables expressed in measurable
terms
o Type of study
Objectives of the Study
 Outlines the overall purpose of the study
 Needs to be closely related to the research
problem
 SMART (Specific, Measurable, Attainable,
Realistic and Time-bounded)
Significance of the Study
 Identifies who will benefit from the research and
how they will they benefit
 States the contribution of the study, and its
usefulness to the society (basically, kung ano ba
ambag ng study mo sa lipunan natin, na mej
problematic lmao)
Scope and Delimitations
 Scope - determines the coverage of the study
 Identifies ALL the things(like variables, subjects,
factors/nuances) that it will NOT cover in order
to be clear and specific (so bale lahat ng ‘di
kasama sa research mo ganern)
Limitations vs Delimitations
 Limitations - conditions beyond the control of the
researcher
 Delimitations – conditions that the researcher
purposely controlled
Definition of Terms
#GoUSTe
 Working definitions/operational definitions
 Definition of concepts that are used in the study
(either sa research problem and/ or identifying
the population in a measurable form)
Types of Reasearch Questions
 Factor-isolating – categorize or name factors
and situations (ex. Ano ang dahilan para maging
ganto?)
 Factor-relating – establish relationships between
factors that have been identified (ex. Ano ang
relasyon na namamagitan sa ganito at ganyan)
 Situation-relating – aims to see changes that
might happen to one variable when the other
variable changes (ex. Ano yung epekto ng
ganito sa ganyan na ganito)
 Situation-producing – led to promote explicit
courses of action/condition under which a goal
could be accomplished (ex. Anong technique
pwede para gumanito ang ganire)
Research Hypothesis
 Declarative statement of how you expect the
research to turn out
 *Possible answer* sa research question mo
 Basis of the investigation
o Null Hypotheses – hypotheses of no
difference, no significant relationship
o Alternative Hypotheses – hypothesis o
difference, of significant relationship
 Bale kabaliktaran ng Null ang
Alternative aus b tau jan
Research Objectives
 Goals ng researcher throughout the study
 Expected solution to problems
 SHOULD be clear and specific
o Categorization of Research Objectives
 General Objective (main
objective)
Overall statement of the goal of
the study.
 Specific Objective (sub-
objectives)
Specific aspects that the
researcher wants to investigate
within the main framework of his
study
 Rqq reviewer 2nd quarter #GoUSTe
Gudluck fam, bless u, kung hanggang saan man umabot 2!!this is not ur usual reviewer!! #ByeCurrB

Purpose:

 Identifies new ways to interpret, shed light onto

research gaps
 Identifies areas of prior scholarship to prevent
duplication
 Provides context and justifies the research
 Ensures that the research has not been done
before

Rules and Guidelines of writing the RRL

Review of related literature
aka pampagulo sa buhay kong mapayapa  Use evidence
 Be selective
Bakit mahalaga ang RRL?  Less quotes
 Summarize and synthesize
 Prevents duplication of studies
 Helps avoid problems that others encountered

Ang RRL ay dapat; Sources of Data

 Organized and related directly to the thesis or  General References – sources that are first
research question being developed accessed by researchers to give them info about
 Synthesize results into a summary of what is other sources.
 Primary source – original document with
and not known
firsthand info about a topic
 Identify controversies in the literature o Diary
 Formulate questions that need further research o Interview
o Letters
***Laging tandaan na ang RRL ay isang Discursive o Photos
Prose  Secondary source – contains
commentary/discussion about a primary source,
summary rather than the work itself.
Development of the RRL has 4 stages
o Biographies
o Dissertations
1. Problem Formulation – Which topic or
o Monographs
field is being examined and what are its o Journal reviews
component issues?  Tertiary sources – summaries/condensed
2. Literature Search – Finding materials versions of materials with references to the
relevant to the subject being explored. primary source.
3. Data Evaluation – Determining which o Dictionaries
literature makes a significant o Encyclopedias
o Handbooks/Textbooks
contribution to the understanding of the
topic. Evaluating References:
4. Analysis and Interpretation – Discussing
the findings and conclusions of pertinent 1. Authority
2. Validity
literature. 3. Accuracy
4. Objectivity
Must contain the following elements: 5. Currency
6. Coverage
 Overview along with the objectives of the 7. Location
literature
 Division of work under review into categories
 Explanation of how each work is similar and how  Predatory publishing – exploitative
it varies from others publishing business model charging
fees to authors without providing the
 Conclusion
editorial
 Rqq reviewer 2nd quarter
Gudluck fam, bless u, kung hanggang saan man umabot 2!!this is not ur usual reviewer!! #ByeCurrB
 Hijacked journals – when someone has
created a fake website, stealing the
journal’s identity and soliciting article
submissions using the author-pays
model
Listing References
Why cite sources:
 Enables the reader to find info
themselves
 Provides a way to give proper credit to
the sources used in writing the paper
 Adds credibility and provides strength
for your arguments
When to cite sources:
 When quoting from a source
 Summarizing or rephrasing from a
source
How to cite sources:
1. In-text citations
2. List of References
Research Bias
 Experimenter bias
 Process where the scientists performing the
research influence the results to portray a
certain outcome
 Result from experimental errors
o Systematic Error – inherent in the
system of experimentation
o Random error – occurs because it is
impossible to achieve infinite precision
o Design bias – when the researcher fails
to take into account the inherent biases
liable in most types of experiment
o Sampling Bias – when predetermined
number of observations are taken from
a larger population
o Measurement bias – error in the data
collection and the process of measuring
o Interviewer bias – when the interviewer
subconsciously gives subtle clues that
could influence the subject’s response
o Response bias – when the subject gives
what the interviewer wants to hear
o Reporting bias – when an error is made
in the way that results are disseminated
in the literature
Methodology
Research Design
#GoUSTe
 A plan, structure and strategy of investigation so
conceived as to obtain answers to research
questions or problems.
 A blueprint or detailed plan for how a research
study is to be completed.
Research Approach
 Application: basic or applied
 Objectives: descriptive, explanatory, exploratory,
correlational
 Inquiry: qualitative, quantitative
Study Design
Quantitative
 Based on number of contacts
o Cross-sectional (one-shot/status)
o Before and after (pre-test/post-test)
o Longitudinal (repetitive cross-sectional)
 Based on the reference period
o Retrospective (past)
o Prospective (future, basta predict sya
ganern)
 Based on the nature of investigation
o Experimental (self-explanatory a ‘to
guys)
o Non-experimental (hinahanap kung
bakit nangyari yung nangyari, like
looking for the reason on why we broke
it all off )
o Quasi-experimental (di ko na to
maintindihan teh quasi sabog na aquoh)
Qualitative
 Case Study
 Focus-group
 Observational
 Community Discussion Forums
Sampling Methods
 Population – is a group of individuals that have
the same characteristics
 Sample – is a subgroup of the target population
for the purpose of making generalizations about
the target population(estimates only)
Sampling Procedures
 Probability sampling – may representatives para
sa isang population
 Nonprobability sampling – kinukuha lang pano
convenient like how people only call u when they
need something 
 Rqq reviewer 2nd quarter #GoUSTe
Gudluck fam, bless u, kung hanggang saan man umabot 2!!this is not ur usual reviewer!! #ByeCurrB

Methods of Analysis

 Descriptive stats – describes data gathered

 Inferential stats – trying to reach conclusions
that extend beyond the data
 Measures:
o Central Tendency
 Mean (apektado ng outliers)
 Median (less affected by
outliers)
 Mode (categorical data)
o Variability
 Range
 Interquartile Range
 Variance
 Standard Deviation

Wala akong naintindihan sa pag gawa nito pero sana kayo

meron

Kaya kulang kasi give up na ko sa rqq mag babakal bote

nalang ako