C - Programming Q & A - 2018

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2 B.BHUVANESWARAN | AP (SG) | CSE | Rajalakshmi Engineering College | Chennai
C Programming Questions and Answers
1. Declarations and Initializations
2. Control Instructions
3. Expressions
4. Floating Point Issues
5. Functions
6. C Preprocessor
7. Pointers
8. Arrays
9. Strings
10. Structures, Unions, Enums
11. Input / Output
12. Command Line Arguments
13. Bitwise Operators
14. Typedef
15. Const
16. Memory Allocation
17. Variable Number of Arguments
18. Complicated Declarations
19. Library Functions
B.BHUVANESWARAN | AP (SG) | CSE | Rajalakshmi Engineering College | Chennai 3

Declarations and Initializations
1. What is the output of the program given below?
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
enum status {pass, fail, atkt};
enum status stud1, stud2, stud3;
stud1 = pass;
stud2 = atkt;
stud3 = fail;
printf("%d, %d, %d\n", stud1, stud2, stud3);
return 0;
}
A.
0, 1, 2
B.
1, 2, 3
C.
0, 2, 1
D.
1, 3, 2
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
enum takes the format like {0, 1, 2 ...) so pass = 0, fail = 1, atkt = 2.
stud1 = pass (value is 0)
stud2 = atkt (value is 2)
stud3 = fail (value is 1)
Hence it prints 0, 2, 1

2. What will be the output of the program in 16 bit platform (Turbo C
under DOS)?
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
extern int i;
i = 20;
printf("%d\n", sizeof(i));
return 0;
}
A.
B.
C.
vary from compiler
D.
Linker Error : Undefined symbol 'i'
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Linker Error : Undefined symbol 'i'.
The statement
extern int i;
specifies to the compiler that the memory for 'i' is allocated in some
other program and that address will be given to the current program at
the time of linking. But linker finds that no other variable of name 'i'
is available in any other program with memory space allocated for it.
Hence a linker error has occurred.

3. What is the output of the program?
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
extern int a;
printf("%d\n", a);
return 0;
}
int a = 20;
A.
20
B.
C.
Garbage Value
D.
Error
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
extern int a;
indicates that the variable a is defined elsewhere, usually in a separate

source code module.
printf("%d\n", a);
it prints the value of local variable int a = 20.
Because, whenever there is a conflict between local variable and global

variable, local variable gets the highest priority. So it prints 20.

4. What is the output of the program in Turbo C (in DOS 16-bit OS)?
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char *s1;
char far *s2;
char huge *s3;
printf("%d, %d, %d\n", sizeof(s1), sizeof(s2), sizeof(s3));
return 0;
}
A.
2, 4, 6
B.
4, 4, 2
C.
2, 4, 4
D.
2, 2, 2
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Any pointer size is 2 bytes (only 16-bit offset).
So, char *s1 = 2 bytes.
So, char far *s2; = 4 bytes.
So, char huge *s3; = 4 bytes.
A far, huge pointer has two parts: a 16-bit segment value and a 16-bit
offset value.
Since C is a compiler dependent language, it may give different output in

other platforms. The above program works fine in Windows (TurboC), but
error in Linux (GCC Compiler).

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
struct emp
{
char name[20];
int age;
float sal;
};
struct emp e = {"Tiger"};
printf("%d, %f\n", e.age, e.sal);
return 0;
}
A.
0, 0.000000
B.
Garbage values
C.
Error
D.
None of above
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
When an automatic structure is partially initialized remaining elements

are initialized to 0 (zero).

6. What will be the output of the program?
#include <stdio.h>
int X = 40;
int main()
{
int X = 20;
printf("%d\n", X);
return 0;
}
A.
20
B.
40
C.
Error
D.
No Output
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Whenever there is conflict between a local variable and global variable,

the local variable gets priority.

7. What is the output of the program
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x = 10, y = 20, z = 5, i;
i = x < y < z;
printf("%d\n", i);
return 0;
}
A.
B.
C.
Error
D.
None of these
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Since x < y turns to be TRUE it is replaced by 1. Then 1 < z is compared

and to be TRUE. The 1 is assigned to i.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
extern int fun(float);
int a;
a = fun(3.14);
printf("%d\n", a);
return 0;
}
int fun(int aa)

{
return (int)++aa;
}
A.
B.
3.14
C.
D.
E.
Compile Error
Answer: Option E
Explanation:
2 Errors
1. Type mismatch in redeclaration of fun.
2. Type mismatch in parameter aa.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a[5] = {2, 3};
printf("%d, %d, %d\n", a[2], a[3], a[4]);
return 0;
}
A.
Garbage Values
B.
2, 3, 3
C.
3, 2, 2
D.
0, 0, 0
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
When an automatic array is partially initialized, the remaining elements

are initialized to 0.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
union a
{
int i;
char ch[2];
};
union a u;
u.ch[0] = 3;
u.ch[1] = 2;
printf("%d, %d, %d\n", u.ch[0], u.ch[1], u.i);
return 0;
}
A.
3, 2, 515
B.
515, 2, 3
C.
3, 2, 5 D.
None of these
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
It prints the value ofu.ch[0] = 3, u.ch[1] = 2 and it prints the value of

u.i means the value of entire union size.
So the output is 3, 2, 515.

11. In the following program how long will the for loop get executed?
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i = 5;
for(; scanf("%s", &i); printf("%d\n", i));
return 0;
}
A.
The for loop would not get executed at all
B.
The for loop would get executed only once
C.
The for loop would get executed 5 times
D.
The for loop would get executed infinite times
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
During the for loop execution scanf() ask input and then printf() prints
that given input. This process will be continued repeatedly because,
scanf() returns the number of input given, the condition is always
true(user gives a input means it reurns '1').
Hence this for loop would get executed infinite times.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int X = 40;
{
int X = 20;
printf("%d ", X);
}
printf("%d\n", X);
return 0;
}
A.
40 40
B.
20 40
C.
20
D.
Error
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
In case of a conflict between a local variable and global variable, the

local variable gets priority.

Control Instructions
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i = 0;
for(; i <= 5; i++);
printf("%d", i);
return 0;
}
A.
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
B.
C.
1, 2, 3, 4
D.
Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Step 1:
int i = 0;
here variable i is an integer type and initialized to '0'.
Step 2:
for(; i <= 5; i++);
variable i = 0 is already assigned in previous step. The semicolon at the

end of this for loop tells, "there is no more statement is inside the
loop".
Loop 1: here i = 0, the condition in for(; 0 <= 5; i++) loop satisfies

and then i is incremented by '1'(one)



and then i is increemented by '1'(one)


Loop 7: here i = 6, the condition in for(; 6 <= 5; i++) loop fails and
then i is not incremented.
Step 3:
printf("%d", i);
here the value of i is 6.
Hence the output is '6'.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char str[] = "C-program";
int a = 5;
printf(a > 10 ? "Ps\n" : "%s\n", str);
return 0;
}
A.
C-program
B.
Ps
C.
Error
D.
None of above
Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Step 1: char str[]="C-program"; here variable str contains "C-program".
Step 2: int a = 5; here variable a contains "5".
Step 3: printf(a > 10 ? "Ps\n" : "%s\n", str); this statement can be

written as
if(a > 10)

{
printf("Ps\n");
}
else
{
printf("%s\n", str);
}
Here we are checking a > 10 means 5 > 10. Hence this condition will be
failed. So it prints variable str.
Hence the output is "C-program".

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a = 500, b = 100, c;
if(!a >= 400)
b = 300;
c = 200;
printf("b = %d c = %d\n", b, c);
return 0;
}
A.
b = 300 c = 200
B.
b = 100 c = garbage
C.
b = 300 c = garbage
D.
b = 100 c = 200
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Initially variables a = 500, b = 100 and c is not assigned.
Step 1: if(!a >= 400)
Step 2: if(!500 >= 400)
Step 3: if(0 >= 400)
Step 4: if(FALSE) Hence the if condition is failed.
Step 5: So, variable c is assigned to a value '200'.
Step 6:
printf("b = %d c = %d\n", b, c);
It prints value of b and c. Hence the output is "b = 100 c = 200"

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
unsigned int i = 65535; /* Assume 2 byte integer*/
while(i++ != 0)
printf("%d", ++i);
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
A.
Infinite loop
B.
0 1 2 . . . 65535
C.
0 1 2 . . . 32767 - 32766 -32765 -1 0
D.
No output
Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Here unsigned int size is 2 bytes. It varies from 0,1,2,3, ... to 65535.
Step 1:
unsigned int i = 65535;
Step 2:
Loop 1: while(i++ != 0) this statement becomes while(65535 != 0). Hence

the while(TRUE) condition is satisfied. Then the
printf("%d", ++i);
prints '1' (variable'i' is already increemented by '1' in while statement

and now increemented by '1' in printf statement)
Loop 2: while(i++ != 0) this statement becomes while(1 != 0). Hence the

while(TRUE) condition is satisfied. Then the
printf("%d", ++i);
prints '3'(variable 'i' is already increemented by '1' in while statement

and now increemented by '1' in printf statement)
. . .
. . .
. . .
The while loop will never stops executing, because variable i will never
become '0'(zero).
Hence it is an 'Infinite loop'.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x = 3;
float y = 3.0;
if(x == y)
printf("x and y are equal");
else
printf("x and y are not equal");
return 0;
}
A.
x and y are equal
B.
x and y are not equal
C.
Unpredictable
D.
No output
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Step 1: int x = 3; here variable x is an integer type and initialized to

'3'.
Step 2: float y = 3.0; here variable y is an float type and initialized

to '3.0'
Step 3: if(x == y) here we are comparing if(3 == 3.0) hence this

condition is satisfied.
Hence it prints "x and y are equal".

6. What will be the output of the program, if a short int is 2 bytes
wide?
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
short int i = 0;
for(i <= 5 && i >= -1; ++i; i > 0)
printf("%u,", i);
return 0;
}
A.
1 . . . 65535
B.
Expression syntax error
C.
No output
D.
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
for(i <= 5 && i >= -1; ++i; i > 0)
so expression i <= 5 && i >= -1 initializes for loop. expression ++i is

the loop condition. expression i > 0 is the increment expression.
In
for(i <= 5 && i >= -1; ++i; i > 0)
expression i <= 5 && i >= -1 evaluates to one.
Loop condition always get evaluated to true. Also at this point it

increases i by one.
An increment expression i > 0 has no effect on value of i. So for loop

get executed till the limit of integer (ie. 65535)

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char ch;
if(ch = printf(""))
printf("It matters\n");
else
printf("It doesn't matters\n");
return 0;
}
A.
It matters
B.
It doesn't matters
C.
matters
D.
No output
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
printf() returns the number of charecters printed on the console.
Step 1: if(ch = printf("")) here printf() does not print anything, so it

returns '0'(zero).
Step 2: if(ch = 0) here variable ch has the value '0'(zero).
Step 3: if(0) Hence the if condition is not satisfied. So it prints the

else statements.
Hence the output is "It doesn't matters".
Note: Compiler shows a warning "possibly incorrect assignment".

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
unsigned int i = 65536; /* Assume 2 byte integer*/
while(i != 0)
printf("%d", ++i);
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
A.
Infinite loop
B.
0 1 2 . . . 65535
C.
0 1 2 . . . 32767 - 32766 -32765 -1 0
D.
No output
Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Here unsigned int size is 2 bytes. It varies from 0,1,2,3, ... to 65535.
Step 1:
unsigned int i = 65536;
here variable i becomes '0'(zero). because unsigned int varies from 0 to

65535.
Step 2:
while(i != 0)
this statement becomes while(0 != 0). Hence the while(FALSE) condition is

not satisfied. So, the inside the statements of while loop will not get
executed.
Hence there is no output.
Note: Don't forget that the size of int should be 2 bytes. If you run the
above program in GCC it may run infinite loop, because in Linux platform
the size of the integer is 4 bytes.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
float a = 0.7;
if(0.7 > a)
printf("Hi\n");
else
printf("Hello\n");
return 0;
}
A.
Hi
B.
Hello
C.
Hi Hello
D.
None of above
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
if(0.7 > a) here a is a float variable and 0.7 is a double constant. The
double constant 0.7 is greater than the float variable a. Hence the if
condition is satisfied and it prints 'Hi'
Example:
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
float a = 0.7;
printf("%.10f %.10f\n", 0.7, a);
return 0;
}
Output:
0.7000000000 0.6999999881

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a = 0, b = 1, c = 3;
*((a) ? &b : &a) = a ? b : c;
printf("%d, %d, %d\n", a, b, c);
return 0;
}
A.
0, 1, 3
B.
1, 2, 3
C.
3, 1, 3
D.
1, 3, 1
Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Step 1:
int a = 0, b = 1, c = 3;
here variable a, b, and c are declared as integer type and initialized to

0, 1, 3 respectively.
Step 2:
*((a) ? &b : &a) = a ? b : c;
The right side of the expression (a ? b : c) becomes (0 ? 1 : 3). Hence

it return the value '3'.
The left side of the expression *((a) ? &b : &a) becomes *((0) ? &b :
&a). Hence this contains the address of the variable a *(&a).
Step 3:
*((a) ? &b : &a) = a ? b : c;
Finally this statement becomes *(&a) = 3. Hence the variable a has the
value '3'.
Step 4:
It prints "3, 1, 3".

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int k, num = 30;
k = (num < 10) ? 100 : 200;
printf("%d\n", num);
return 0;
}
A.
200
B.
30
C.
100
D.
500
Answer: Option B

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a = 300, b, c;
if(a >= 400)
b = 300;
c = 200;
return 0;
}
A.
300, 300, 200
B.
Garbage, 300, 200
C.
300, Garbage, 200
D.
300, 300, Garbage
Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Step 1:
int a = 300, b, c;
here variable a is initialized to '300', variable b and c are declared,

but not initialized.
Step 2: if(a >= 400) means if(300 >= 400). Hence this condition will be
failed.
Step 3:
c = 200;
here variable c is initialized to '200'.
Step 4:
It prints "300, garbage value, 200", because variable b is not

initialized.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x = 1, y = 1;
for(; y; printf("%d %d\n", x, y))
{
y = x++ <= 5;
}
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
A.
2 1
3 1
4 1
5 1
6 1
7 0
B.
2 1
3 1
4 1
5 1
6 1
C.
2 1
3 1
4 1
5 1
D.
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
Answer: Option A

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i = 5;
while(i-- >= 0)
printf("%d, ", i);
i = 5;
printf("\n");
while(i-- >= 0)
printf("%i, ", i);
while(i-- >= 0)
printf("%d, ", i);
return 0;
}
A.
4, 3, 2, 1, 0, -1,
4, 3, 2, 1, 0, -1,
B.
5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0,
5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0,
C.
Error
D.
5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0,
5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0,
5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0,
Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Step 1: Initially the value of variable i is '5'.
Loop 1: while(i-- >= 0) here i = 5, this statement becomes while(5-- >=

0)Hence the while condition is satisfied and it prints '4'. (variable 'i'
is decremented by'1'(one) in previous while condition)




0)Hence the while condition is satisfied and it prints '-1'. (variable
'i' is decremented by'1'(one) in previous while condition)
Loop 7: while(i-- >= 0) here i = -1, this statement becomes while(-1-- >=
0)Hence the while condition is not satisfied and loop exits.
The output of first while loop is 4,3,2,1,0,-1
Step 2: Then the value of variable i is initialized to '5' Then it prints

a new line character(\n).
See the above Loop 1 to Loop 7.
The output of second while loop is 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, -1
Step 3: The third while loop, while(i-- >= 0) here i = -1(because the
variable 'i' is decremented to '-1' by previous while loop and it never
initialized.). This statement becomes while(-1-- >= 0) Hence the while
condition is not satisfied and loop exits.
Hence the output of the program is:
4, 3, 2, 1, 0, -1,
4, 3, 2, 1, 0, -1,

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i = 3;
switch(i)
{
case 1:
printf("Hello\n");
case 2:
printf("Hi\n");
case 3:
continue;
default:
printf("Bye\n");
}
return 0;
}
A.
Error: Misplaced continue
B.
Bye
C.
No output
D.
Hello Hi
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
The keyword continue cannot be used in switch case. It must be used in

for or while or do while loop. If there is any looping statement in
switch case then we can use continue.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x = 10, y = 20;
if(!(!x) && x)
printf("x = %d\n", x);
else
printf("y = %d\n", y);
return 0;
}
A.
y =20
B.
x = 0
C.
x = 10
D.
x = 1
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
The logical not operator takes expression and evaluates to true if the
expression is false and evaluates to false if the expression is true. In
other words it reverses the value of the expression.
Step 1: if(!(!x) && x)
Step 2: if(!(!10) && 10)
Step 3: if(!(0) && 10)
Step 3: if(1 && 10)
Step 4: if(TRUE) here the if condition is satisfied. Hence it prints x =

10.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i = 4;
switch(i)
{
default:
printf("This is default\n");
case 1:
printf("This is case 1\n");
break;
case 2:
break;
case 3:
}
return 0;
}
A.
This is default
This is case 1
B.
This is case 3
This is default
C.
This is case 1
This is case 3
D.
This is default
Answer: Option A

Explanation:
In the very beginning of switch-case statement default statement is

encountered. So, it prints "This is default".
In default statement there is no break; statement is included. So it

prints the case 1 statements. "This is case 1".
Then the break; statement is encountered. Hence the program exits from
the switch-case block.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i = 1;
switch(i)
{
printf("Hello\n");
case 1:
printf("Hi\n");
break;
case 2:
printf("\nBye\n");
break;
}
return 0;
}
A.
Hello
Hi
B.
Hello
Bye
C.
Hi
D.
Bye
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
switch(i) has the variable i it has the value '1'(one).
Then case 1: statements got executed. so, it prints "Hi". The break;
statement make the program to be exited from switch-case statement.
switch-case do not execute any statements outside these blocks case and
default.
Hence the output is "Hi".

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char j = 1;
while(j < 5)
{
printf("%d, ", j);
j = j + 1;
}
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
A.
1, 2, 3, ... 127
B.
1, 2, 3, ... 255
C.
1, 2, 3, ... 127, 128, 0, 1, 2, 3, ... infinite times
D.
1, 2, 3, 4,
Answer: Option D

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x, y, z;
x = y = z = 1;
z = ++x || ++y && ++z;
printf("x = %d, y = %d, z = %d\n", x, y, z);
return 0;
}
A.
x = 2, y = 1, z = 1
B.
x = 2, y = 2, z = 1
C.
x = 2, y = 2, z = 2
D.
x = 1, y = 2, z = 1
Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Step 1:
x = y = z = 1;
here the variables x ,y, z are initialized to value '1'.
Step 2:
z = ++x || ++y && ++z;
becomes z = ((++x) || (++y && ++z)). Here ++x becomes 2. So there is no

need to check the other side because || (Logical OR) condition is
satisfied.(z = (2 || ++y && ++z)). There is no need to process ++y &&
++z. Hence it returns '1'. So the value of variable z is '1'
Step 3:
It prints "x = 2, y = 1, z = 1". here x is incremented in previous step.

y and z are not incremented.

Expressions
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i =-3, j = 2, k = 0, m;
m = ++i && ++j && ++k;
printf("%d, %d, %d, %d\n", i, j, k, m);
return 0;
}
A.
-2, 3, 1, 1
B.
2, 3, 1, 2
C.
1, 2, 3, 1
D.
3, 3, 1, 2
Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Step 1:
int i = -3, j = 2, k = 0, m;
here variable i, j, k, m are declared as an integer type and variable i,

j, k are initialized to -3, 2, 0 respectively.
Step 2:
m = ++i && ++j && ++k;
becomes m = -2 && 3 && 1; becomes m = TRUE && TRUE; Hence this statement
becomes TRUE. So it returns '1'(one). Hence m = 1.
Step 3:
In the previous step the value of i, j, k are increemented by '1'(one).
Hence the output is "-2, 3, 1, 1".

2. Assunming, integer is 2 bytes, what will be the output of the
program?
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
printf("%x\n", -2<<2);
return 0;
}
A.
ffff
B.
C.
fff8
D.
Error
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
The integer value 2 is represented as 00000000 00000010 in binary system.
Negative numbers are represented in 2's complement method.
1's complement of 00000000 00000010 is 11111111 11111101 (Change all 0s

to 1 and 1s to 0).
2's complement of 00000000 00000010 is 11111111 11111110 (Add 1 to 1's

complement to obtain the 2's complement value).
Therefore, in binary we represent -2 as: 11111111 11111110.
After left shifting it by 2 bits we obtain: 11111111 11111000, and it is

equal to "fff8" in hexadecimal system.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i = -3, j = 2, k = 0, m;
m = ++i || ++j && ++k;
return 0;
}
A.
2, 2, 0, 1
B.
1, 2, 1, 0
C.
-2, 2, 0, 0
D.
-2, 2, 0, 1
Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Step 1: int i = -3, j = 2, k = 0, m; here variable i, j, k, m are

declared as an integer type and variable i, j, k are initialized to -3,
2, 0 respectively.
Step 2:
m = ++i || ++j && ++k;
here (++j && ++k;) this code will not get executed because ++i has non-
zero value, becomes m = -2 || ++j && ++k; becomes m = TRUE || ++j && ++k;
Hence this statement becomes TRUE. So it returns '1'(one). Hence m = 1.
Step 3:
In the previous step the value of variable 'i' only increemented by

'1'(one). The variable j, k are not increemented.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x = 12, y = 7, z;
z = x != 4 || y == 2;
printf("z = %d\n", z);
return 0;
}
A.
z = 0
B.
z = 1
C.
z = 4
D.
z = 2
Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Step 1:
int x = 12, y = 7, z;
here variable x, y and z are declared as an integer and variable x and y

are initialized to 12, 7 respectively.
Step 2:
z = x != 4 || y == 2;
becomes z = 12 != 4 || 7 == 2; then z = (condition true) || (condition

false); Hence it returns 1. So the value of z=1.
Step 3:
printf("z = %d\n", z);
Hence the output of the program is "z = 1".

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
static int a[20];
int i = 0;
a[i] = i ;
printf("%d, %d, %d\n", a[0], a[1], i);
return 0;
}
A.
1, 0, 1
B.
1, 1, 1
C.
0, 0, 0
D.
0, 1, 0
Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Step 1:
static int a[20];
here variable a is declared as an integer type and static. If a variable

is declared as static and it will be automatically initialized to value
'0'(zero).
Step 2:
int i = 0;
here vaiable i is declared as an integer type and initialized to '0'

(zero).
Step 3:
a[i] = i;
becomes a[0] = 0;
Step 4:
printf("%d, %d, %d\n", a[0], a[1], i);
Here a[0] = 0, a[1] = 0 (because all staic variables are initialized to

'0') and i = 0.
Step 4: Hence the output is "0, 0, 0".

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i = 4, j = -1, k = 0, w, x, y, z;
w = i || j || k;
x = i && j && k;
y = i || j &&k;
z = i && j || k;
printf("%d, %d, %d, %d\n", w, x, y, z);
return 0;
}
A.
1, 1, 1, 1
B.
1, 1, 0, 1
C.
1, 0, 0, 1
D.
1, 0, 1, 1
Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Step 1:
int i = 4, j = -1, k = 0, w, x, y, z;
here variable i, j, k, w, x, y, z are declared as an integer type and the

variable i, j, k are initialized to 4, -1, 0 respectively.
Step 2:
w = i || j || k;
becomes w = 4 || -1 || 0;. Hence it returns TRUE. So, w = 1.
Step 3:
x = i && j && k;
becomes x = 4 && -1 && 0; Hence it returns FALSE. So, x = 0.
Step 4:
y = i || j && k;
becomes y = 4 || -1 && 0; Hence it returns TRUE. So, y = 1.
Step 5:
z = i && j || k;
becomes z = 4 && -1 || 0; Hence it returns TRUE. So, z = 1.
Step 6:
printf("%d, %d, %d, %d\n", w, x, y, z);
Hence the output is "1, 0, 1, 1".

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i = -3, j = 2, k = 0, m;
m = ++i && ++j || ++k;
return 0;
}
A.
1, 2, 0, 1
B.
-3, 2, 0, 1
C.
-2, 3, 0, 1
D.
2, 3, 1, 1
Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Step 1:
int i = -3, j = 2, k = 0, m;
here variable i, j, k, m are declared as an integer type and variable i,

j, k are initialized to -3, 2, 0 respectively.
Step 2:
m = ++i && ++j || ++k;
becomes m = (-2 && 3) || ++k; becomes m = TRUE || ++k;.
(++k) is not executed because (-2 && 3) alone return TRUE.
Hence this statement becomes TRUE. So it returns '1'(one). Hence m = 1.
Step 3:
In the previous step the value of i,j are increemented by '1' (one).

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x = 4, y, z;
y = --x;
z = x--;
printf("%d, %d, %d\n", x, y, z);
return 0;
}
A.
4, 3, 3
B.
4, 3, 2
C.
3, 3, 2
D.
2, 3, 3
Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Step 1:
int x = 4, y, z;
here variable x, y, z are declared as an integer type and variable x is

initialized to 4.
Step 2:
y = --x;
becomes y = 3; because (--x) is pre-decrement operator.
Step 3:
z = x--;
becomes z = 3;. In the next step variable x becomes 2, because (x--) is

post-decrement operator.
Step 4:
printf("%d, %d, %d\n", x, y, z);
Hence it prints "2, 3, 3".

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i = 3;
i = i++;
printf("%d\n", i);
return 0;
}
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: Option B

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a = 100, b = 200, c;
c = (a == 100 || b > 200);
printf("c = %d\n", c);
return 0;
}
A.
c = 100
B.
c = 200
C.
c = 1
D.
c = 300
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Step 1: int a = 100, b = 200, c;
Step 2: c = (a == 100 || b > 200);
becomes c = (100 == 100 || 200 > 200); becomes c = (TRUE || FALSE);

becomes c = (TRUE); (ie. c = 1)
Step 3:
It prints the value of variable c = 1.
Hence the output of the program is '1' (one).

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x = 55;
printf("%d, %d, %d\n", x <= 55, x = 40, x >= 10);
return 0;
}
A.
1, 40, 1
B.
1, 55, 1
C.
1, 55, 0
D.
1, 1, 1
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Step 1:
int x = 55;
here variable x is declared as an integer type and initialized to '55'.
Step 2:
printf("%d, %d, %d\n", x <= 55, x = 40, x >= 10);
In printf the execution of expressions is from Right to Left. Here x >=

10 returns TRUE hence it prints '1'.
x = 40 here x is assigned to 40 Hence it prints '40'.
x <= 55 returns TRUE. hence it prints '1'.
Step 3: Hence the output is "1, 40, 1".

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i = 2;
printf("%d, %d\n", ++i, ++i);
return 0;
}
A.
3, 4
B.
4, 3
C.
4, 4
D.
Output may vary from compiler to compiler
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
The order of evaluation of arguments passed to a function call is

unspecified.
Anyhow, we consider ++i, ++i are Right-to-Left associativity. The output

of the program is 4, 3.
In TurboC, the output will be 4, 3.
In GCC, the output will be 4, 4.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int k, num = 30;
k = (num>5 ? (num <=10 ? 100 : 200): 500);
return 0;
}
A.
200
B.
30
C.
100
D.
500
Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Step 1:
int k, num = 30;
here variable k and num are declared as an integer type and variable num
is initialized to '30'.
Step 2:
k = (num > 5 ? (num <= 10 ? 100 : 200): 500);
This statement does not affect the output of the program. Because we are
going to print the variable num in the next statement. So, we skip this
statement.
Step 3:
It prints the value of variable num '30'
Step 3: Hence the output of the program is '30'

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char ch;
ch = 'A';
printf("The letter is ");
printf("%c\n", ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z' ? ch + 'a' - 'A':ch);
printf("Now the letter is ");
printf("%c\n", ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z' ? ch : ch + 'a' - 'A');
return 0;
}
A.
The letter is a
Now the letter is A
B.
The letter is A
Now the letter is a
C.
Error
D.
None of above
Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Step 1:
char ch;
ch = 'A';
here variable ch is declared as an character type an initialized to 'A'.
Step 2:
printf("The letter is ");
It prints "The letter is".
Step 3:
printf("%c\n", ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z' ? ch + 'a' - 'A':ch);
The ASCII value of 'A' is 65 and 'a' is 97.
Here
=> ('A' >= 'A' && 'A' <= 'Z') ? (A + 'a' - 'A') : ('A')
=> (TRUE && TRUE) ? (65 + 97 - 65) : ('A')
=> (TRUE) ? (97): ('A')
In printf the format specifier is '%c'. Hence prints 97 as 'a'.
Step 4:
printf("Now the letter is ");
It prints "Now the letter is".
Step 5:
printf("%c\n", ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z' ? ch : ch + 'a' - 'A');
Here => ('A' >= 'A' && 'A' <= 'Z') ? ('A') : (A + 'a' - 'A')
=> (TRUE && TRUE) ? ('A') :(65 + 97 - 65)
=> (TRUE) ? ('A') : (97)
It prints 'A'
Hence the output is:
The letter is a
Now the letter is A

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i = 2;
int j = i + (1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
printf("%d\n", j);
return 0;
}
A.
4
B.
C.
D.
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Because, comma operator used in the expression i (1, 2, 3, 4, 5). The

comma operator has left-right associativity. The left operand is always
evaluated first, and the result of evaluation is discarded before the
right operand is evaluated. In this expression 5 is the right most
operand, hence after evaluating expression (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) the result is
5, which on adding to i results into 7.

Floating Point Issues
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
float a = 0.7;
if(a < 0.7)
printf("C\n");
else
printf("C++\n");
return 0;
}
A.
C
B.
C++
C.
Compiler error
D.
None of above
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
if(a < 0.7) here a is a float variable and 0.7 is a double constant. The
float variablea is less than double constant 0.7. Hence the if condition
is satisfied and it prints 'C'
Example:
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
float a = 0.7;
printf("%.10f %.10f\n",0.7, a);
return 0;
}
Output:
0.7000000000 0.6999999881

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
float *p;
printf("%d\n", sizeof(p));
return 0;
}
A.
2 in 16bit compiler, 4 in 32bit compiler
B.
C.
D.
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
sizeof(x) returns the size of x in bytes.
float *p is a pointer to a float.
In 16 bit compiler, the pointer size is always 2 bytes.
In 32 bit compiler, the pointer size is always 4 bytes.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
float fval = 7.29;
printf("%d\n", (int)fval);
return 0;
}
A.
B.
0.0
C.
7.0
D.
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
printf("%d\n", (int) fval);
It prints '7'. because, we typecast the (int)fval in to integer. It

converts the float value to the nearest integer value.

#include <stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
int main()
{
printf("%f\n", sqrt(36.0));
return 0;
}
A.
6.0
B.
C.
6.000000
D.
Error: Prototype sqrt() not found.
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
printf("%f\n", sqrt(36.0));
It prints the square root of 36 in the float format(i.e 6.000000).
Declaration Syntax: double sqrt(double x) calculates and return the

positive square root of the given number.

#include <stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
int main()
{
printf("%d, %d, %d\n", sizeof(3.14f), sizeof(3.14), sizeof(3.14l));
return 0;
}
A.
4, 4, 4
B.
4, 8, 8
C.
4, 8, 10
D.
4, 8, 12
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
sizeof(3.14f) here '3.14f' specifies the float data type. Hence size of
float is 4 bytes.
sizeof(3.14) here '3.14' specifies the double data type. Hence size of
float is 8 bytes.
sizeof(3.14l) here '3.14l' specifies the long double data type. Hence
size of float is 10 bytes.
Note: If you run the above program in Linux platform (GCC Compiler) it
will give 4, 8, 12 as output. If you run in Windows platform (TurboC
Compiler) it will give 4, 8, 10 as output. Because, C is a machine
dependent language.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
float f = 43.20;
printf("%e, ", f);
printf("%f, ", f);
printf("%g", f);
return 0;
}
A.
4.320000e+01, 43.200001, 43.2
B.
4.3, 43.22, 43.21
C.
4.3e, 43.20f, 43.00
D.
Error
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
printf("%e, ", f); Here '%e' specifies the "Scientific Notation" format.
So, it prints the 43.20 as 4.320000e+01.
printf("%f, ", f); Here '%f' specifies the "Decimal Floating Point"
format. So, it prints the 43.20 as 43.200001.
printf("%g, ", f); Here '%g' "Use the shorter of %e or %f". So, it prints
the 43.20 as 43.2.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
float a=0.7;
if(a < 0.7f)
printf("C\n");
else
printf("C++\n");
return 0;
}
A.
B.
C++
C.
Compiler error
D.
None of above
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
if(a < 0.7f) here a is a float variable and 0.7f is a float constant. The
float variable a is not less than 0.7f float constant. But both are
equal. Hence the if condition is failed and it goes to else it prints
'C++'
Example:
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
float a=0.7;
printf("%.10f %.10f\n",0.7f, a);
return 0;
}
Output:
0.6999999881 0.6999999881

#include <stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
int main()
{
float n = 1.54;
printf("%f, %f\n", ceil(n), floor(n));
return 0;
}
A.
2.000000, 1.000000
B.
1.500000, 1.500000
C.
1.550000, 2.000000
D.
1.000000, 2.000000
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
ceil(x) round up the given value. It finds the smallest integer not < x.
floor(x) round down the given value. It finds the smallest integer not >
x.
In this line ceil(1.54) round up the 1.54 to 2 and floor(1.54) round down
the 1.54 to 1.
In the
statement, the format specifier "%f %f" tells output to be float value.
Hence it prints 2.000000 and 1.000000.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
float d = 2.25;
printf("%e,", d);
printf("%f,", d);
printf("%g,", d);
printf("%lf", d);
return 0;
}
A.
2.2, 2.50, 2.50, 2.5
B.
2.2e, 2.25f, 2.00, 2.25
C.
2.250000e+000, 2.250000, 2.25, 2.250000
D.
Error
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
printf("%e,", d);
Here '%e' specifies the "Scientific Notation" format. So, it prints the
2.25 as 2.250000e+000.
printf("%f,", d);
Here '%f' specifies the "Decimal Floating Point" format. So, it prints
the 2.25 as 2.250000.
printf("%g,", d);
Here '%g' "Use the shorter of %e or %f". So, it prints the 2.25 as 2.25.
printf("%lf,", d);
Here '%lf' specifies the "Long Double" format. So, it prints the 2.25 as
2.250000.

Functions

under DOS)?
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int fun();
int i;
i = fun();
printf("%d\n", i);
return 0;
}
int fun()
{
_AX = 1990;
}
A.
Garbage value
B.
0 (Zero)
C.
1990
D.
No output
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Turbo C (Windows): The return value of the function is taken from the
Accumulator_AX=1990.
But it may not work as expected in GCC compiler (Linux).

#include <stdio.h>
void fun(int*, int*);
int main()
{
int i = 5, j = 2;
fun(&i, &j);
printf("%d, %d", i, j);
return 0;
}
void fun(int *i, int *j)

{
*i = *i * *i;
*j = *j * *j;
}
A.
5, 2
B.
10, 4
C.
2, 5
D.
25, 4
Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Step 1:
int i = 5, j = 2;
Here variable i and j are declared as an integer type and initialized to

5 and 2 respectively.
Step 2:
fun(&i, &j);
Here the function fun() is called with two parameters &i and &j (The &
denotes call by reference. So the address of the variable i and j are
passed).
Step 3:
void fun(int *i, int *j);
This function is called by reference, so we have to use * before the

parameters.
Step 4: *i = *i**i; Here *i denotes the value of the variable i. We are

multiplying5*5 and storing the result 25 in same variable i.
Step 5:
*j = *j**j;
Here *j denotes the value of the variable j. We are multiplying 2 * 2 and

storing the result 4 in same variable j.
Step 6: Then the function void fun(int *i, int *j) return back the
control back to main() function.
Step 7:
printf("%d, %d", i, j);
It prints the value of variable i and j.
Hence the output is 25, 4.

#include <stdio.h>
int i;
int fun();
int main()
{
while(i)
{
fun();
main();
}
printf("Hello\n");
return 0;
}
int fun()
{
printf("Hi");
}
A.
Hello
B.
Hi Hello
C.
No output
D.
Infinite loop
Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Step 1:
int i;
The variable i is declared as an integer type.
Step 2:
int fun();
This prototype tells the compiler that the function fun() does not accept
any arguments and it returns an integer value.
Step 3:
while(i)
The value of i is not initialized so this while condition is failed. So,

it does not execute the while block.
Step 4:
printf("Hello\n");
It prints "Hello".
Hence the output of the program is "Hello".

#include <stdio.h>
int reverse(int);
int main()
{
int no = 5;
reverse(no);
return 0;
}
int reverse(int no)

{
if(no == 0)
return 0;
else
printf("%d,", no);
reverse (no--);
}
A.
Print 5, 4, 3, 2, 1
B.
Print 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
C.
Print 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0
D.
Infinite loop
Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Step 1:
int no = 5;
The variable no is declared as integer type and initialized to 5.
Step 2:
reverse(no);
becomes reverse(5); It calls the function reverse() with '5' as

parameter.
The function reverse accept an integer number 5 and it returns '0'(zero)

if(5 == 0) if the given number is '0'(zero) or else printf("%d,", no); it
prints that number 5 and calls the function reverse(5);.
The function runs infinetely because the there is a post-decrement

operator is used. It will not decrease the value of 'n' before calling
the reverse() function. So, it calls reverse(5) infinitely.
Note: If we use pre-decrement operator like reverse(--n), then the output

will be 5, 4, 3, 2, 1. Because before calling the function, it decrements
the value of 'n'.

#include <stdio.h>
void fun(int);
typedef int (*pf) (int, int);
int proc(pf, int, int);
int main()
{
int a=3;
fun(a);
return 0;
}
void fun(int n)
{
if(n > 0)
{
fun(--n);
printf("%d,", n);
fun(--n);
}
}
A.
0, 2, 1, 0,
B.
1, 1, 2, 0,
C.
0, 1, 0, 2,
D.
0, 1, 2, 0,
Answer: Option D

#include <stdio.h>
int sumdig(int);
int main()
{
int a, b;
a = sumdig(123);
b = sumdig(123);
printf("%d, %d\n", a, b);
return 0;
}
int sumdig(int n)
{
int s, d;
if(n!=0)
{
d = n%10;
n = n/10;
s = d+sumdig(n);
}
else
return 0;
return s;
}
A.
4, 4
B.
3, 3
C.
6, 6
D.
12, 12
Answer: Option C

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
void fun(char*);
char a[100];
a[0] = 'A';
a[1] = 'B';
a[2] = 'C';
a[3] = 'D';
fun(&a[0]);
return 0;
}
void fun(char *a)

{
a++;
printf("%c", *a);
a++;
printf("%c", *a);
}
A.
AB
B.
BC
C.
CD
D.
No output
Answer: Option B

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int fun(int);
int i = fun(10);
printf("%d\n", --i);
return 0;
}
int fun(int i)
{
return (i++);
}
A.
B.
10
C.
11
D.
Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Step 1:
int fun(int);
Here we declare the prototype of the function fun().
Step 2:
int i = fun(10);
The variable i is declared as an integer type and the result of the

fun(10) will be stored in the variable i.
Step 3:
int fun(int i)
{
return (i++);
}
Inside the fun() we are returning a value return(i++). It returns 10.

because i++ is the post-increement operator.
Step 4: Then the control back to the main function and the value 10 is
assigned to variable i.
Step 5:
printf("%d\n", --i);
Here --i denoted pre-increement.
Hence it prints the value 9.

#include <stdio.h>
int check (int, int);
int main()
{
int c;
c = check(10, 20);
return 0;
}
int check(int i, int j)

{
int *p, *q;
p = &i;
q = &j;
i >= 45 ? return(*p) : return(*q);
}
A.
Print 10
B.
Print 20
C.
Print 1
D.
Compile error
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
There is an error in this line
i >= 45 ? return(*p) : return(*q);.
We cannot use return keyword in the ternary operators.

#include <stdio.h>
int fun(int, int);

typedef int (*pf) (int, int);
int proc(pf, int, int);
int main()
{
printf("%d\n", proc(fun, 6, 6));
return 0;
}
int fun(int a, int b)

{
return (a == b);
}
int proc(pf p, int a, int b)

{
return ((*p)(a, b));
}
A.
B.
C.
D.
-1
Answer: Option B

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i = 1;
if(!i)
printf("IndiaREC,");
else
{
i = 0;
printf("C-Program");
main();
}
return 0;
}
A.
prints "IndiaREC, C-Program" infinitely
B.
prints "C-Program" infinetly
C.
prints "C-Program, IndiaREC" infinitely
D.
Error: main() should not inside else statement
Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Step 1:
int i = 1; The variable i is declared as an integer type and initialized
to 1(one).
Step 2:
if(!i)
Here the !(NOT) operator reverts the i value 1 to 0. Hence the if(0)
condition fails. So it goes to else part.
Step 3: else { i=0; In the else part variable i is assigned to value

0(zero).
Step 4:
printf("C-Program");
It prints the "C-program".
Step 5:
main();
Here we are calling the main() function.
After calling the function, the program repeats from step 1 to step 5
infinitely.
Hence it prints "C-Program" infinitely.

#include <stdio.h>
int addmult(int ii, int jj)

{
int kk, ll;
kk = ii + jj;
ll = ii * jj;
return (kk, ll);
}
int main()
{
int i = 3, j = 4, k, l;
k = addmult(i, j);
l = addmult(i, j);
printf("%d %d\n", k, l);
return 0;
}
A.
12 12
B.
No error, No output
C.
Error: Compile error
D.
None of above
Answer: Option A

#include <stdio.h>
int i;
int fun1(int);
int fun2(int);
int main()
{
extern int j;
int i = 3;
fun1(i);
printf("%d,", i);
fun2(i);
printf("%d", i);
return 0;
}
int fun1(int j)
{
printf("%d,", ++j);
return 0;
}
int fun2(int i)
{
printf("%d,", ++i);
return 0;
}
int j=1;
A.
3, 4, 4, 3
B.
4, 3, 4, 3
C.
3, 3, 4, 4
D.
3, 4, 3, 4
Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Step 1:
int i;
The variable i is declared as an global and integer type.
Step 2:
int fun1(int);
This prototype tells the compiler that the fun1() accepts the one integer
parameter and returns the integer value.
Step 3:
int fun2(int);
This prototype tells the compiler that the fun2() accepts the one integer
parameter and returns the integer value.
Step 4:
extern int j;
Inside the main function, the extern variable j is declared and defined
in another source file.
Step 5:
int i = 3;
The local variable i is defines as an integer type and initialized to 3.
Step 6:
fun1(i);
The fun1(i) increements the given value of variable i prints it. Here
fun1(i) becomes fun1(3) hence it prints '4' then the control is given
back to the main function.
Step 7:
printf("%d,", i);
It prints the value of local variable i. So, it prints '3'.

Step 8:
fun2(i);
The fun2(i) increements the given value of variable i prints it. Here
fun2(i) becomes fun2(3) hence it prints '4' then the control is given
back to the main function.
Step 9:
printf("%d,", i);
It prints the value of local variable i. So, it prints '3'.
Hence the output is "4 3 4 3".

#include <stdio.h>
int func1(int);
int main()
{
int k = 35;
k = func1(k = func1(k = func1(k)));
printf("k = %d\n", k);
return 0;
}
int func1(int k)
{
k++;
return k;
}
A.
k = 35
B.
k = 36
C.
k = 37
D.
k = 38
Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Step 1:
int k = 35;
The variable k is declared as an integer type and initialized to 35.
Step 2:
k = func1(k = func1(k = func1(k)));
The func1(k) increment the value of k by 1 and return it. Here the
func1(k) is called 3 times. Hence it increments value of k = 35 to 38.
The result is stored in the variable k = 38.
Step 3:
printf("k = %d\n", k);
It prints the value of variable k "38".

#include <stdio.h>
int addmult(int ii, int jj)

{
int kk, ll;
kk = ii + jj;
ll = ii * jj;
return (kk, ll);
}
int main()
{
int i = 3, j = 4, k, l;
k = addmult(i, j);
l = addmult(i, j);
printf("%d, %d\n", k, l);
return 0;
}
A.
12, 12
B.
7, 7
C.
7, 12
D.
12, 7
Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Step 1:
int i = 3, j = 4, k, l;
The variables i, j, k, l are declared as an integer type and variable i,

j are initialized to 3, 4 respectively.
The function
addmult(i, j);
accept 2 integer parameters.
Step 2:
k = addmult(i, j);
becomes k = addmult(3, 4)
In the function addmult(). The variable kk, ll are declared as an integer

type int kk, ll;
kk = ii + jj; becomes kk = 3 + 4 Now the kk value is '7'.
ll = ii * jj; becomes ll = 3 * 4 Now the ll value is '12'.
return (kk, ll);
It returns the value of variable ll only.
The value 12 is stored in variable 'k'.
Step 3: l = addmult(i, j); becomes l = addmult(3, 4)
kk = ii + jj; becomes kk = 3 + 4 Now the kk value is '7'.
ll = ii * jj; becomes ll = 3 * 4 Now the ll value is '12'.
return (kk, ll); It returns the value of variable ll only.
The value 12 is stored in variable 'l'.
Step 4:
printf("%d, %d\n", k, l);
It prints the value of k and l
Hence the output is "12, 12".

#include <stdio.h>
int check(int);
int main()
{
int i = 45, c;
c = check(i);
printf("%d\n", c);
return 0;
}
int check(int ch)

{
if(ch >= 45)
return 100;
else
return 10;
}
A.
100
B.
10
C.
D.
Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Step 1:
int check(int);
This prototype tells the compiler that the functioncheck() accepts one
integer parameter and returns an integer value.
Step 2:
int i = 45, c;
The variable i and c are declared as an integer type and i is initialized

to 45.
The function check(i) return 100 if the given value of variable i is >=
(greater than or equal to) 45, else it will return 10.
Step 3:
c = check(i);
becomes c = check(45); The function check() return 100 and it get stored
in the variable c.(c = 100)
Step 4:
printf("%d\n", c);
It prints the value of variable c.
Hence the output of the program is '100'.

17. If int is 2 bytes wide. What will be the output of the program?
#include <stdio.h>
void fun(char**);
int main()
{
char *argv[] = {"ab", "cd", "ef", "gh"};
fun(argv);
return 0;
}
void fun(char **p)

{
char *t;
t = (p += sizeof(int))[-1];
printf("%s\n", t);
}
A.
ab
B.
cd
C.
Ef
D.
gh
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Since C is a machine dependent language sizeof(int) may return different

values.
The output for the above program will be cd in Windows (Turbo C) and gh
in Linux (GCC).
To understand it better, compile and execute the above program in Windows

(with Turbo C compiler) and in Linux (GCC compiler).

#include <stdio.h>
int fun(int(*)());
int main()
{
fun(main);
printf("Hi\n");
return 0;
}
int fun(int (*p)())

{
printf("Hello ");
return 0;
}
A.
Infinite loop
B.
Hi
C.
Hello Hi
D.
Error
Answer: Option C

#include <stdio.h>
int fun(int i)
{
i++;
return i;
}
int main()
{
int fun(int);
int i = 3;
fun(i = fun(fun(i)));
printf("%d\n", i);
return 0;
}
A.
5
B.
4
C.
Error
D.
Garbage value
Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Step 1:
int fun(int);
This is prototype of function fun(). It tells the compiler that the

function fun() accept one integer parameter and returns an integer value.
Step 2:
int i = 3;
The variable i is declared as an integer type and initialized to value 3.
Step 3:
fun(i=fun(fun(i)));
The function fun(i) increements the value of i by 1(one) and return it.
Lets go step by step,
=> fun(i) becomes fun(3) is called and it returns 4.
=> i = fun(fun(i)) becomes i = fun(4) is called and it returns 5 and

stored in variable i.(i=5)
=> fun(i=fun(fun(i))); becomes fun(5); is called and it return 6 and

nowhere the return value is stored.
Step 4:
printf("%d\n", i);
It prints the value of variable i (5).
Hence the output is '5'.

#include <stdio.h>
int fun(int);
int main()
{
float k = 3;
fun(k = fun(fun(k)));
printf("%f\n", k);
return 0;
}
int fun(int i)
{
i++;
return i;
}
A.
5.000000
B.
3.000000
C.
Garbage value
D.
4.000000
Answer: Option A

#include <stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
int main()
{
int i = 0;
i++;
if(i <= 5)
{
printf("IndiaREC");
exit(1);
main();
}
return 0;
}
A.
Prints "IndiaREC" 5 times
B.
Function main() doesn't calls itself
C.
Infinite loop
D.
Prints "IndiaREC"
Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Step 1:
int i = 0;
The variable i is declared as in integer type and initialized to

'0'(zero).
Step 2:
i++;
Here variable i is increemented by 1. Hence i becomes '1'(one).
Step 3:
if(i <= 5)
becomes if(1 <= 5). Hence the if condition is satisfied and it enter into
if block statements.
Step 4:
printf("IndiaREC");
It prints "IndiaREC".

C Preprocessor
#include <stdio.h>
#define MAN(x, y) ((x) > (y)) ? (x) : (y);
int main()
{
int i = 10, j = 5, k = 0;
k = MAN(++i, j++);
printf("%d, %d, %d\n", i, j, k);
return 0;
}
A.
12, 6, 12
B.
11, 5, 11
C.
11, 5, Garbage
D.
12, 6, Garbage
Answer: Option A

Explanation:
The macro
MAN(x, y) ((x)>(y)) ? (x):(y);
returns the biggest number of given two numbers.
Step 1:
int i = 10, j = 5, k = 0;
The variable i, j, k are declared as an integer type and initialized to

value 10, 5, 0 respectively.
Step 2:
k = MAN(++i, j++);
becomes,
=> k = ((++i) > (j++)) ? (++i) : (j++);

=> k = ((11) > (5)) ? (12) : (6);
=> k = 12
Step 3:
printf("%d, %d, %d\n", i, j, k);
It prints the variable i, j, k.
In the above macro step 2 the variable i value is increemented by 2 and

variable jvalue is increemented by 1.
Hence the output of the program is 12, 6, 12

#include <stdio.h>
#define SQUARE(x) x * x
int main()
{
float s = 10, u = 30, t = 2, a;
a = 2 * (s - u * t) / SQUARE(t);
printf("Result = %f", a);
return 0;
}
A.
Result = -100.000000
B.
Result = -25.000000
C.
Result = 0.000000
D.
Result = 100.000000
Answer: Option A

Explanation:
The macro function
SQUARE(x) x * x
calculate the square of the given number 'x'.
Step 1:
float s = 10, u = 30, t = 2, a;
Here the variable s, u, t, a are declared as an floating point type and

the variable s, u, t are initialized to 10, 30, 2.
Step 2:
a = 2 * (s – u * t) / SQUARE(t);
becomes,
=> a = 2 * (10 - 30 * 2) / t * t;
Here SQUARE(t) is replaced by macro t * t.
=> a = 2 * (10 - 30 * 2) / 2 * 2;
=> a = 2 * (10 - 60) / 2 * 2;
=> a = 2 * (-50) / 2 * 2;
=> a = 2 * (-25) * 2;
=> a = (-50) * 2;
=> a = -100;
Step 3:
printf("Result = %f", a);
It prints the value of variable 'a'.
Hence the output of the program is -100.000000.

#include <stdio.h>
#define SQR(x) (x * x)
int main()
{
int a, b = 3;
a = SQR(b + 2);
printf("%d\n", a);
return 0;
}
A.
25
B.
11
C.
Error
D.
Garbage value
Answer: Option B

Explanation:
The macro function
SQR(x) (x * x)
calculate the square of the given number 'x'.
Step 1:
int a, b = 3;
Here the variable a, b are declared as an integer type and the variable b
is initialized to 3.
Step 2:
a = SQR(b + 2);
becomes,
=> a = b + 2 * b + 2;
Here SQR(x) is replaced by macro to x * x.
=> a = 3 + 2 * 3 + 2;
=> a = 3 + 6 + 2;
=> a = 11;
Step 3:
printf("%d\n", a);
It prints the value of variable 'a'.
Hence the output of the program is 11

#include <stdio.h>
#define JOIN(s1, s2) printf("%s = %s % s =%s\n", #s1, s1, #s2, s2);
int main()
{
char *str1 = "India";
char *str2 = "REC";
JOIN(str1, str2);
return 0;
}
A.
str1 = IndiaREC str2 = REC
B.
str1 = India str2 = REC
C.
str1 = India str2 = IndiaREC
D.
Error: in macro substitution
Answer: Option B

#include <stdio.h>
#define CUBE(x) (x * x * x)
int main()
{
int a, b = 3;
a = CUBE(b++);
return 0;
}
A.
9, 4
B.
27, 4
C.
27, 6
D.
Error
Answer: Option C

Explanation:
The macro function
CUBE(x) (x * x * x)
calculates the cubic value of given number.
Step 1:
int a, b = 3;
The variable a and b are declared as an integer type and varaible b id

initialized to 3.
Step 2:
a = CUBE(b++);
becomes
=> a = b++ * b++ * b++;

=> a = 3 * 3 * 3;
Here we are using post-increement operator, so the 3 is not incremented

in this statement.
=> a = 27;
Here, 27 is store in the variable a. By the way, the value of variable

bis incremented by 3. (ie: b = 6)
Step 3:
It prints the value of variable a and b.
Hence the output of the program is 27, 6.

#include <stdio.h>
#define PRINT(int) printf("int = %d, ", int);
int main()
{
int x = 2, y = 3, z = 4;
PRINT(x);
PRINT(y);
PRINT(z);
return 0;
}
A.
int = 2, int = 3, int = 4
B.
int = 2, int = 2, int = 2
C.
int = 3, int = 3, int = 3
D.
int = 4, int = 4, int = 4
Answer: Option A

Explanation:
The macro
PRINT(int) print("%d,", int);
prints the given variable value in an integer format.
Step 1:
int x = 2, y = 3, z = 4;
The variable x, y, z are declared as an integer type and initialized to

Step 2:
PRINT(x);
becomes printf("int = %d,",x). Hence it prints 'int = 2'.
Step 3:
PRINT(y);
becomes printf("int = %d,",y). Hence it prints 'int = 3'.
Step 4:
PRINT(z);
becomes printf("int = %d,",z). Hence it prints 'int = 4'.
Hence the output of the program is int = 2, int = 3, int = 4.

#include <stdio.h>
#define SWAP(a, b) int t; t = a, a = b, b = t;
int main()
{
int a = 10, b = 12;
SWAP(a, b);
printf("a = %d, b = %d\n", a, b);
return 0;
}
A.
a = 10, b = 12
B.
a = 12, b = 10
C.
Error: Declaration not allowed in macro
D.
Error: Undefined symbol 't'
Answer: Option B

Explanation:
The macro
SWAP(a, b) int t; t = a, a = b, b = t;
swaps the value of the given two variables.
Step 1:
int a = 10, b = 12;
The variable a and b are declared as an integer type and initialized to

10, 12 respectively.
Step 2:
SWAP(a, b);
Here the macro is substituted and it swaps the value to variable a and b.

#include <stdio.h>
#define FUN(i, j) i ## j
int main()
{
int va1 = 10;
int va12 = 20;
printf("%d\n", FUN(va1, 2));
return 0;
}
A.
10
B.
20
C.
1020
D.
12
Answer: Option B

Explanation:
The following program will make you understand about ## (macro

concatenation) operator clearly.
#include <stdio.h>
#define FUN(i, j) i ## j
int main()
{
int First = 10;
int Second = 20;
char FirstSecond[] = "IndiaREC";
printf("%s\n", FUN(First, Second) );
return 0;
}
Output:
IndiaREC
The preprocessor will replace FUN(First, Second) as FirstSecond.
Therefore, the
printf("%s\n", FUN(First, Second));
statement will become as printf("%s\n", FirstSecond);
Hence it prints IndiaREC as output.
Like the same, the line
printf("%d\n", FUN(va1, 2));
given in the above question will become as printf("%d\n", va12);.
Therefore, it prints 20 as output.

#include <stdio.h>
#define FUN(arg) do\
{\
if(arg)\
printf("REC...", "\n");\
} while(--i)
int main()
{
int i = 2;
FUN(i < 3);
return 0;
}
A.
REC...
REC...
REC
B.
REC... REC...
C.
Error: cannot use control instructions in macro
D.
No output
Answer: Option B

Explanation:
The macro
FUN(arg)
prints the statement "IndiaREC..." until the while condition is

satisfied.
Step 1:
int i = 2;
The variable i is declared as an integer type and initialized to 2.
Step 2:
FUN(i < 3);
becomes,
do
{
if(2 < 3)
printf("REC...", "\n");
} while(--2)
After the 2 while loops the value of i becomes '0'(zero). Hence the while
loop breaks.
Hence the output of the program is "REC... REC..."

#include <stdio.h>
#define MAX(a, b) (a > b ? a : b)
int main()
{
int x;
x = MAX(3 + 2, 2 + 7);
printf("%d\n", x);
return 0;
}
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: Option B

Explanation:
The macro
MAX(a, b) (a > b ? a : b)
returns the biggest value of the given two numbers.
Step 1:
int x;
The variable x is declared as an integer type.
Step 2:
x = MAX(3 + 2, 2 + 7);
becomes,
=> x = (3 + 2 > 2 + 7 ? 3 + 2 : 2 + 7)
=> x = (5 > 9 ? 5 : 9)
=> x = 9
Step 3:
printf("%d\n", x);
It prints the value of variable x.
Hence the output of the program is 9.

#include <stdio.h>
#define MIN(x, y) (x < y) ? x : y;
int main()
{
int x = 3, y = 4, z;
z = MIN(x + y / 2, y - 1);
if(z > 0)
printf("%d\n", z);
return 0;
}
A.
B.
C.
D.
No output
Answer: Option A

Explanation:
The macro
MIN(x, y) (x < y) ? x : y;
returns the smallest value from the given two numbers.
Step 1:
int x = 3, y = 4, z;
The variable x, y, z are declared as an integer type and the variable x,

y are initialized to value 3, 4 respectively.
Step 2:
z = MIN(x + y / 2, y - 1);
becomes,
=> z = (x + y / 2 < y - 1) ? x + y / 2 : y - 1;
=> z = (3 + 4 / 2 < 4 - 1) ? 3 + 4 / 2 : 4 - 1;
=> z = (3 + 2 < 4 - 1)? 3 + 2 : 4 - 1;
=> z = (5 < 3) ? 5 : 3;
The macro return the number 3 and it is stored in the variable z.
Step 3:
if(z > 0)
becomes if(3 > 0) here the if condition is satisfied. It executes the if

block statements.
Step 4:
printf("%d\n", z);
It prints the value of variable z.
Hence the output of the program is 3

#include <stdio.h>
#define str(x) #x
#define Xstr(x) str(x)
#define oper multiply
int main()
{
char *opername = Xstr(oper);
printf("%s\n", opername);
return 0;
}
A.
Error: in macro substitution
B.
Error: invalid reference 'x' in macro
C.
print 'multiply'
D.
No output
Answer: Option C

Explanation:
The macro #define str(x) #x replaces the symbol 'str(x)' with 'x'.
The macro #define Xstr(x) str(x) replaces the symbol 'Xstr(x)' with
'str(x)'.
The macro #define oper multiply replaces the symbol 'oper' with
'multiply'.
Step 1:
char *opername = Xstr(oper);
The varible *opername is declared as an pointer to a character type.
=> Xstr(oper);
becomes,
=> Xstr(multiply);
=> str(multiply)
=> char *opername = multiply
Step 2:
printf("%s\n", opername);
It prints the value of variable opername.
Hence the output of the program is "multiply".

#include <stdio.h>
#define MESS junk
int main()
{
printf("MESS\n");
return 0;
}
A.
junk
B.
MESS
C.
Error
D.
Nothing will print
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
printf("MESS\n");
It prints the text "MESS". There is no macro calling inside the printf
statement occured.

#include <stdio.h>
#define PRINT(i) printf("%d,", i)
int main()
{
int x = 2, y = 3, z = 4;
PRINT(x);
PRINT(y);
PRINT(z);
return 0;
}
A.
2, 3, 4,
B.
2, 2, 2,
C.
3, 3, 3,
D.
4, 4, 4,
Answer: Option A

Explanation:
The macro
PRINT(i) print("%d,", i);
prints the given variable value in an integer format.
Step 1:
int x = 2, y = 3, z = 4;
The variable x, y, z are declared as an integer type and initialized to

Step 2:
PRINT(x);
becomes printf("%d,", x). Hence it prints '2'.
Step 3:
PRINT(y);
becomes printf("%d,", y). Hence it prints '3'.
Step 4:
PRINT(z);
becomes printf("%d,", z). Hence it prints '4'.
Hence the output of the program is 2, 3, 4.

#include <stdio.h>
#define MAX(a, b, c) (a > b ? a > c ? a : c: b > c ? b : c)
int main()
{
int x;
x = MAX(3 + 2, 2 + 7, 3 + 7);
printf("%d\n", x);
return 0;
}
A.
B.
C.
10
D.
3+7
Answer: Option C

Explanation:
The macro
MAX(a, b, c) (a > b ? a > c ? a : c: b > c ? b : c)
returns the biggest of given three numbers.
Step 1:
int x;
The variable x is declared as an integer type.
Step 2:
x = MAX(3 + 2, 2 + 7, 3 + 7);
becomes,
=> x = (3+2 > 2+7 ? 3+2 > 3+7 ? 3+2 : 3+7 : 2+7 > 3+7 ? 2+7 : 3+7)
=> x = (5 > 9 ? (5 > 10 ? 5 : 10): (9 > 10 ? 9 : 10) )
=> x = (5 > 9 ? (10): (10))
=> x = 10
Step 3:
printf("%d\n", x);
It prints the value of 'x'.
Hence the output of the program is "10".

Pointers
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
static char *s[] = {"black", "white", "pink", "violet"};
char **ptr[] = {s + 3, s + 2, s + 1, s}, ***p;
p = ptr;
++p;
printf("%s", **p + 1);
return 0;
}
A.
ink
B.
ack
C.
Ite
D.
let
Answer: Option A

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i = 3, *j, k;
j = &i;
printf("%d\n", i * *j * i + *j);
return 0;
}
A.
30
B.
27
C.
D.
Answer: Option A

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x = 30, *y, *z;
y = &x; /* Assume address of x is 500 and integer is 4 byte size */
z = y;
*y++ = *z++;
x++;
return 0;
}
A.
x = 31, y = 502, z = 502
B.
x = 31, y = 500, z = 500
C.
x = 31, y = 498, z = 498
D.
x = 31, y = 504, z = 504
Answer: Option D

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char str[20] = "Hello";
char *const p = str;
*p = 'M';
return 0;
}
A.
Mello
B.
Hello
C.
HMello
D.
MHello
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
near = 2, far = 4 and huge = 4 pointers exist only under DOS. Under
windows and Linux every pointers is 4 bytes long.

5. What will be the output of the program If the integer is 4bytes
long?
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int ***r, **q, *p, i = 8;
p = &i;
q = &p;
r = &q;
printf("%d, %d, %d\n", *p, **q, ***r);
return 0;
}
A.
8, 8, 8
B.
4000, 4002, 4004
C.
4000, 4004, 4008
D.
4000, 4008, 4016
Answer: Option A

#include <stdio.h>
void fun(void *p);

int i;
int main()
{
void *vptr;
vptr = &i;
fun(vptr);
return 0;
}
void fun(void *p)

{
int **q;
q = (int**)&p;
printf("%d\n", **q);
}
A.
Error: cannot convert from void** to int**
B.
Garbage value
C.
D.
No output
Answer: Option C

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char *str;
str = "%s";
printf(str, "K\n");
return 0;
}
A.
Error
B.
No output
C.
D.
%s
Answer: Option C

#include <stdio.h>
int *check(static int, static int);
int main()
{
int *c;
c = check(10, 20);
printf("%d\n", c);
return 0;
}
int *check(static int i, static int j)

{
int *p, *q;
p = &i;
q = &j;
if(i >= 45)
return (p);
else
return (q);
}
A.
10
B.
20
C.
Error: Non portable pointer conversion
D.
Error: cannot use static for function parameters
Answer: Option D

9. What will be the output of the program if the size of pointer is 4-
bytes?
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
printf("%d, %d\n", sizeof(NULL), sizeof(""));
return 0;
}
A.
2, 1
B.
2, 2
C.
4, 1
D.
4, 2
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
In TurboC, the output will be 2, 1 because the size of the pointer is 2

bytes in 16-bit platform.
But in Linux, the output will be 4, 1 because the size of the pointer is
4 bytes.
This difference is due to the platform dependency of C compiler.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
void *vp;
char ch = 74, *cp = "JACK";
int j = 65;
vp = &ch;
printf("%c", *(char*)vp);
vp = &j;
printf("%c", *(int*)vp);
vp = cp;
printf("%s", (char*)vp + 2);
return 0;
}
A.
JCK
B.
J65K
C.
JAK
D.
JACK
Answer: Option D

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int arr[2][2][2] = {10, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8};
int *p, *q;
p = &arr[1][1][1];
q = (int*) arr;
printf("%d, %d\n", *p, *q);
return 0;
}
A.
8, 10
B.
10, 2
C.
8, 1
D.
Garbage values
Answer: Option A

12. What will be the output of the program assuming that the array
begins at the location 1002 and size of an integer is 4 bytes?
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a[3][4] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12};
printf("%u, %u, %u\n", a[0] + 1, *(a[0] + 1), *(*(a + 0) + 1));
return 0;
}
A.
448, 4, 4
B.
520, 2, 2
C.
1006, 2, 2
D.
Error
Answer: Option C

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int arr[3] = {2, 3, 4};
char *p;
p = arr;
p = (char*)((int*)(p));
printf("%d, ", *p);
p = (int*)(p + 1);
printf("%d", *p);
return 0;
}
A.
2, 3
B.
2, 0
C.
2, Garbage value
D.
0, 0
Answer: Option B

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char *str;
str = "%d\n";
str++;
str++;
printf(str - 2, 300);
return 0;
}
A.
No output
B.
30
C.
D.
300
Answer: Option D

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
printf("%c\n", 7["IndiaREC"]);
return 0;
}
A.
Error: in printf
B.
Nothing will print
C.
print "C" of IndiaREC
D.
print "7"
Answer: Option C

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char str[] = "peace";
char *s = str;
printf("%s\n", s++ +3);
return 0;
}
A.
peace
B.
eace
C.
ace
D.
ce
Answer: Option D

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char *p;
p = "hello";
printf("%s\n", *&*&p);
return 0;
}
A.
llo
B.
hello
C.
ello
D.
Answer: Option B

18. What will be the output of the program assuming that the array
begins at location 1002?
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a[2][3][4] = { {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 1, 1, 2},
{2, 1, 4, 7, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0} };
printf("%u, %u, %u, %d\n", a, *a, **a, ***a);
return 0;
}
A.
1002, 2004, 4008, 2
B.
2004, 4008, 8016, 1
C.
1002, 1002, 1002, 1
D.
Error
Answer: Option C

#include <stdio.h>
power(int**);
int main()
{
int a = 5, *aa; /* Address of 'a' is 1000 */
aa = &a;
a = power(&aa);
printf("%d\n", a);
return 0;
}
power(int **ptr)
{
int b;
b = **ptr * **ptr;
return (b);
}
A.
B.
25
C.
125
D.
Garbage value
Answer: Option B

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char str1[] = "India";
char str2[] = "REC";
char *s1 = str1, *s2 = str2;
while(*s1++ = *s2++)
printf("%s", str1);
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
A.
IndiaREC
B.
RndiaREdiaRICia
C.
REC
D.
(null)
Answer: Option B

#include <stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
int main()
{
int i, n;
char *x = "Alice";
n = strlen(x);
*x = x[n];
for(i = 0; i <= n; i++)
{
printf("%s ", x);
x++;
}
printf("\n", x);
return 0;
}
A.
Alice
B.
ecilA
C.
Alice lice ice ce e
D.
lice ice ce e
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
If you compile and execute this program in windows platform with Turbo C,
it will give "lice ice ce e".
It may give different output in other platforms (depends upon compiler

and machine). The online C compiler given in this site will give the
Option C as output (it runs on Linux platform).

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i, a[] = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10};
change(a, 5);
for(i = 0; i <= 4; i++)
printf("%d, ", a[i]);
return 0;
}
void change(int *b, int n)

{
int i;
for(i = 0; i < n; i++)
*(b + 1) = *(b + i) + 5;
}
A.
7, 9, 11, 13, 15
B.
2, 15, 6, 8, 10
C.
2 4 6 8 10
D.
3, 1, -1, -3, -5
Answer: Option B

23. If the size of integer is 4bytes, what will be the output of the
program?
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int arr[] = {12, 13, 14, 15, 16};
printf("%d, %d, %d\n", sizeof(arr), sizeof(*arr), sizeof(arr[0]));
return 0;
}
A.
10, 2, 4
B.
20, 4, 4
C.
16, 2, 2
D.
20, 2, 2
Answer: Option B

Arrays
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a[5] = {5, 1, 15, 20, 25};
int i, j, m;
i = ++a[1];
j = a[1]++;
m = a[i++];
printf("%d, %d, %d", i, j, m);
return 0;
}
A.
2, 1, 15
B.
1, 2, 5
C.
3, 2, 15
D.
2, 3, 20
Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Step 1:
int a[5] = {5, 1, 15, 20, 25};
The variable arr is declared as an integer array with a size of 5 and it

is initialized to
a[0] = 5, a[1] = 1, a[2] = 15, a[3] = 20, a[4] = 25
Step 2:
int i, j, m;
The variable i, j, m are declared as an integer type.
Step 3:
i = ++a[1];
becomes i = ++1; Hence i = 2 and a[1] = 2.
Step 4:
j = a[1]++;
becomes j = 2++; Hence j = 2 and a[1] = 3.
Step 5:
m = a[i++];
becomes m = a[2]; Hence m = 15 and i is incremented by 1 (i++ means 2++

so i=3).
Step 6:
printf("%d, %d, %d", i, j, m);
It prints the value of the variables i, j, m.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
static int a[2][2] = {1, 2, 3, 4};
int i, j;
static int *p[] = {(int*)a, (int*)a+1, (int*)a+2};
for(i = 0; i < 2; i++)
{
for(j = 0; j < 2; j++)
{
printf("%d, %d, %d, %d\n", *(*(p + i) + j), *(*(j + p) + i),
*(*(i + p) + j), *(*(p + j) + i));
}
}
return 0;
}
A.
1, 1, 1, 1
2, 3, 2, 3
3, 2, 3, 2
4, 4, 4, 4
B.
1, 2, 1, 2
2, 3, 2, 3
3, 4, 3, 4
4, 2, 4, 2
C.
1, 1, 1, 1
2, 2, 2, 2
2, 2, 2, 2
3, 3, 3, 3
D.
1, 2, 3, 4
2, 3, 4, 1
3, 4, 1, 2
4, 1, 2, 3
Answer: Option C

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
void fun(int, int[]);
int arr[] = {1, 2, 3, 4};
int i;
fun(4, arr);
for(i = 0; i < 4; i++)
printf("%d,", arr[i]);
return 0;
}
void fun(int n, int arr[])

{
int *p = 0;
int i = 0;
while(i++ < n)
p = &arr[i];
*p = 0;
}
A.
2, 3, 4, 5
B.
1, 2, 3, 4,
C.
0, 1, 2, 3
D.
3, 2, 1 0
Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Step 1:
void fun(int, int[]);
This prototype tells the compiler that the functionfun() accepts one
integer value and one array as an arguments and does not return anything.
Step 2:
int arr[] = {1, 2, 3, 4};
The variable a is declared as an integer array and it is initialized to
a[0] = 1, a[1] = 2, a[2] = 3, a[3] = 4.
Step 3:
int i;
Step 4:
fun(4, arr);
This function does not affect the output of the program. Let's skip this
function.
Step 5:
for(i = 0; i < 4; i++)

{
printf("%d,", arr[i]);
}
The for loop runs untill the variable i is less than '4' and it prints
the each value of array a.
Hence the output of the program is 1,2,3,4.

#include <stdio.h>
void fun(int **p);
int main()
{
int a[3][4] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 3, 2, 8, 7, 8, 9, 0};
int *ptr;
ptr = &a[0][0];
fun(&ptr);
return 0;
}
void fun(int **p)

{
printf("%d\n", **p);
}
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Step 1:
int a[3][4] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 3, 2, 8, 7, 8, 9, 0};
The variable a is declared as an multidimensional integer array with size

of 3 rows 4 columns.
Step 2:
int *ptr;
The *ptr is a integer pointer variable.
Step 3:
ptr = &a[0][0];
Here we are assigning the base address of the array a to the pointer
variable *ptr.
Step 4:
fun(&ptr);
Now, the &ptr contains the base address of array a.
Step 5: Inside the function fun(&ptr); The
printf("%d\n", **p);
prints the value '1'.
because the *p contains the base address or the first element memory
address of the array a (ie. a[0]).
**p contains the value of *p memory location (ie. a[0]=1).
Hence the output of the program is '1'

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
static int arr[] = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4};
int *p[] = {arr, arr + 1, arr + 2, arr + 3, arr + 4};
int **ptr = p;
ptr++;
printf("%d, %d, %d\n", ptr - p, *ptr - arr, **ptr);
*ptr++;
*++ptr;
++*ptr;
return 0;
}
A.
0, 0, 0
1, 1, 1
2, 2, 2
3, 3, 3
B.
1, 1, 2
2, 2, 3
3, 3, 4
4, 4, 1
C.
1, 1, 1
2, 2, 2
3, 3, 3
3, 4, 4
D.
0, 1, 2
1, 2, 3
2, 3, 4
3, 4, 5
Answer: Option C

6. What will be the output of the program if the array begins at 65472
and each integer occupies 2 bytes?
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a[3][4] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 3, 2, 1, 7, 8, 9, 0};
printf("%u, %u\n", a + 1, &a + 1);
return 0;
}
A.
65474, 65476
B.
65480, 65496
C.
65480, 65488
D.
65474, 65488
Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Step 1:
int a[3][4] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 3, 2, 1, 7, 8, 9, 0};
The array a[3][4] is declared as an integer array having the 3 rows and 4
colums dimensions.
Step 2:
printf("%u, %u\n", a+1, &a+1);
The base address (also the address of the first element) of array is
65472.
For a two-dimensional array like a reference to array has type "pointer

to array of 4 ints". Therefore, a+1 is pointing to the memory location of
first element of the second row in array a. Hence 65472 + (4 ints * 2
bytes) = 65480
Then, &a has type "pointer to array of 3 arrays of 4 ints", totally 12

ints. Therefore, &a + 1 denotes "12 ints * 2 bytes * 1 = 24 bytes".
Hence, begining address 65472 + 24 = 65496. So, &a + 1 = 65496.

7. What will be the output of the program in Turb C (under DOS)?
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int arr[5], i = 0;
while(i<5)
arr[i] = ++i;
for(i = 0; i < 5; i++)

printf("%d, ", arr[i]);
return 0;
}
A.
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
B.
Garbage value, 1, 2, 3, 4,
C.
0, 1, 2, 3, 4,
D.
2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Since C is a compiler dependent language, it may give different outputs

at different platforms. We have given the TurboC Compiler (Windows)
output.
Please try the above programs in Windows (Turbo-C Compiler) and Linux
(GCC Compiler), you will understand the difference better.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int arr[1] = {10};
printf("%d\n", 0[arr]);
return 0;
}
A.
B.
10
C.
D.
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Step 1:
int arr[1] = {10};
The variable arr[1] is declared as an integer array with size '2' and
it's first element is initialized to value '10' (means arr[0] = 10).
Step 2:
printf("%d\n", 0[arr]);
It prints the first element value of the variable arr.

9. What will be the output of the program if the array begins at
address 65486?
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int arr[] = {12, 14, 15, 23, 45};
printf("%u, %u\n", arr, &arr);
return 0;
}
A.
65486, 65488
B.
65486, 65486
C.
65486, 65490
D.
65486, 65487
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Step 1:
int arr[] = {12, 14, 15, 23, 45};
The variable arr is declared as an integer array and initialized.
Step 2:
printf("%u, %u\n", arr, &arr);
Here,
The base address of the array is 65486.
=> arr, &arr is pointing to the base address of the array arr.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
float arr[] = {12.4, 2.3, 4.5, 6.7};
printf("%d\n", sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]));
return 0;
}
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: Option B

Explanation:
The sizeof function return the given variable. Example: float a=10;
sizeof(a) is 4 bytes.
Step 1:
float arr[] = {12.4, 2.3, 4.5, 6.7};
The variable arr is declared as an floating point array and it is

initialized with the values.
Step 2:
printf("%d\n", sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]));
The variable arr has 4 elements. The size of the float variable is 4
bytes.
Hence 4 elements x 4 bytes = 16 bytes
sizeof(arr[0]) is 4 bytes
Hence 16/4 is 4 bytes.
Hence the output of the program is '4'.

11. What will be the output of the program if the array begins 1200 in
memory?
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int arr[] = {2, 3, 4, 1, 6};
printf("%u, %u, %u\n", arr, &arr[0], &arr);
return 0;
}
A.
1200, 1202, 1204
B.
1200, 1200, 1200
C.
1200, 1204, 1208
D.
1200, 1202, 1200
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Step 1:
int arr[]={2, 3, 4, 1, 6};
The variable arr is declared as an integer array and initialized.
Step 2:
printf("%u, %u, %u\n", arr, &arr[0], &arr);
Here,
The base address of the array is 1200.
=> arr, &arr is pointing to the base address of the array arr.
=> &arr[0] is pointing to the address of the first element array arr (ie.
base address).

Strings
#include <stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
int main()
{
char str1[20] = "Hello", str2[20] = " World";
printf("%s\n", strcpy(str2, strcat(str1, str2)));
return 0;
}
A.
Hello
B.
World
C.
Hello World
D.
WorldHello
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Step 1:
char str1[20] = "Hello", str2[20] = " World";
The variable str1and str2 is declared as an array of characters and

initialized with value "Hello" and " World" respectively.
Step 2:
printf("%s\n", strcpy(str2, strcat(str1, str2)));
=> strcat(str1, str2)) it append the string str2 to str1. The result will
be stored in str1. Therefore str1 contains "Hello World".
=> strcpy(str2, "Hello World") it copies the "Hello World" to the

variable str2.
Hence it prints "Hello World".

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char p[] = "%d\n";
p[1] = 'c';
printf(p, 65);
return 0;
}
A.
B.
C.
D.
65
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Step 1:
char p[] = "%d\n";
The variable p is declared as an array of characters and initialized with

string "%d".
Step 2:
p[1] = 'c';
Here, we overwrite the second element of array p by 'c'. So array p

becomes "%c".
Step 3:
printf(p, 65);
becomes printf("%c", 65); Therefore, it prints the ASCII value of 65. The
output is 'A'.

#include <stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
int main()
{
printf("%d\n", strlen("123456"));
return 0;
}
A.
B.
12
C.
D.
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
The function strlen returns the number of characters in the given string.
Therefore, strlen("123456") returns 6.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
printf(5 + "Good Morning\n");
return 0;
}
A.
Good Morning
B.
Good
C.
D.
Morning
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
printf(5 + "Good Morning\n");
It skips the 5 characters and prints the given string.
Hence the output is "Morning".

#include <stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
int main()
{
char str[] = "India\0\REC\0";
return 0;
}
A.
REC
B.
India
C.
India REC
D.
India\0REC
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
A string is a collection of characters terminated by '\0'.
Step 1:
The variable str is declared as an array of characters and initialized

with value "India".
Step 2:
It prints the value of the str.
The output of the program is "India".

6. What will be the output of the program If characters 'a', 'b' and
'c' enter are supplied as input?
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
void fun();
fun();
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
void fun()
{
char c;
if((c = getchar())!= '\n')
fun();
printf("%c", c);
}
A.
abc abc
B.
bca
C.
Infinite loop
D.
cba
Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Step 1:
void fun();
This is the prototype for the function fun().
Step 2:
fun();
The function fun() is called here.
The function fun() gets a character input and the input is terminated by
an enter key(New line character). It prints the given character in the
reverse order.
The given input characters are "abc".
Output: cba

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
printf("India", "REC\n");
return 0;
}
A.
Error
B.
India REC
C.
India D.
REC
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
printf("India", "REC\n");
It prints "India".
Because ,(comma) operator has Left to Right associativity. After printing

"India", the statement got terminated.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char str[7] = "IndiaREC";
return 0;
}
A.
Error
B.
IndiaREC
C.
Cannot predict
D.
None of above
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Here str[] has declared as 7 character array and into a 8 character is

stored. This will result in overwriting of the byte beyond 7 byte
reserved for '\0'.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char *names[] = {"Suresh", "Siva", "Sona", "Baiju", "Ritu"};
int i;
char *t;
t = names[3];
names[3] = names[4];
names[4] = t;
for(i = 0; i <= 4; i++)
printf("%s,", names[i]);
return 0;
}
A.
Suresh, Siva, Sona, Baiju, Ritu
B.
Suresh, Siva, Sona, Ritu, Baiju
C.
Suresh, Siva, Baiju, Sona, Ritu
D.
Suresh, Siva, Ritu, Sona, Baiju
Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Step 1:
char *names[] = {"Suresh", "Siva", "Sona", "Baiju", "Ritu"};
The variable names is declared as an pointer to a array of strings.
Step 2:
int i;
Step 3:
char *t;
The variable t is declared as pointer to a string.
Step 4:
t = names[3];
names[3] = names[4];
names[4] = t;
These statements the swaps the 4 and 5 element of the array names.
Step 5:
for(i=0; i<=4; i++)

printf("%s,", names[i]);
These statement prints the all the value of the array names.
Hence the output of the program is "Suresh, Siva, Sona, Ritu, Baiju".

#include <stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
int main()
{
printf("%d\n", strlen(str));
return 0;
}
A.
10
B.
C.
D.
11
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
The function strlen returns the number of characters int the given
string.
Therefore, strlen(str) becomes strlen("India") contains 5 characters. A

string is a collection of characters terminated by '\0'.
The output of the program is "5".

#include <stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
int main()
{
static char str1[] = "dills";
static char str2[20];
static char str3[] = "Daffo";
int i;
i = strcmp(strcat(str3, strcpy(str2, str1)), "Daffodills");
printf("%d\n", i);
return 0;
}
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: Option A

#include <stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
int main()
{
static char s[] = "Hello!";
printf("%d\n", *(s + strlen(s)));
return 0;
}
A.
B.
C.
16
D.
Error
Answer: Option B

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
static char s[25] = "The cocaine man";
int i=0;
char ch;
ch = s[++i];
printf("%c", ch);
ch = s[i++];
printf("%c", ch);
ch = i++[s];
printf("%c", ch);
ch = ++i[s];
printf("%c", ch);
return 0;
}
A.
hhe!
B.
he c
C.
The c D.
Hhec
Answer: Option A

14. What will be the output of the program in 16-bit platform (Turbo C
under DOS)?
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
printf("%d, %d, %d", sizeof(3.0f), sizeof('3'), sizeof(3.0));
return 0;
}
A.
8, 1, 4
B.
4, 2, 8
C.
4, 2, 4
D.
10, 3, 4
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Step 1:
printf("%d, %d, %d", sizeof(3.0f), sizeof('3'), sizeof(3.0));
The sizeof function returns the size of the given expression.
sizeof(3.0f) is a floating point constant. The size of float is 4 bytes.
sizeof('3') It converts '3' in to ASCII value.. The size of int is 2

bytes.
sizeof(3.0) is a double constant. The size of double is 8 bytes.
Hence the output of the program is 4,2,8
Note: The above program may produce different output in other platform
due to the platform dependency of C compiler.
In Turbo C, 4 2 8. But in GCC, the output will be 4 4 8.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i;
char a[] = "\0";
if(printf("%s", a))
printf("The string is empty\n");
else
printf("The string is not empty\n");
return 0;
}
A.
The string is empty
B.
The string is not empty
C.
No output
D.
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
The function printf() returns the number of charecters printed on the

console.
Step 1:
char a[] = "\0";
The variable a is declared as an array of characters and it initialized

with "\0". It denotes that the string is empty.
Step 2:
if(printf("%s", a))
The printf() statement does not print anything, so it returns '0'(zero).

Hence the if condition is failed. In the else part it prints "The string
is not empty".

16. If char=1, int=4, and float=4 bytes size, What will be the output
of the program ?
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char ch = 'A';
printf("%d, %d, %d", sizeof(ch), sizeof('A'), sizeof(3.14f));
return 0;
}
A.
1, 2, 4
B.
1, 4, 4
C.
2, 2, 4
D.
2, 4, 8
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Step 1:
char ch = 'A'; The variable ch is declared as an character type and

initialized with value 'A'.
Step 2:
printf("%d, %d, %d", sizeof(ch), sizeof('A'), sizeof(3.14));
The sizeof function returns the size of the given expression.
sizeof(ch) becomes sizeof(char). The size of char is 1 byte.
sizeof('A') becomes sizeof(65). The size of int is 4 bytes (as mentioned

in the question).
sizeof(3.14f). The size of float is 4 bytes.
Hence the output of the program is 1, 4, 4

17. If the size of pointer is 32 bits What will be the output of the
program?
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char a[] = "Visual C++";
char *b = "Visual C++";
printf("%d, %d\n", sizeof(a), sizeof(b));
printf("%d, %d", sizeof(*a), sizeof(*b));
return 0;
}
A.
10, 2
2, 2
B.
10, 4
1, 2
C.
11, 4
1, 1
D.
12, 2
2, 2
Answer: Option C

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
static char mess[6][30] = {"Don't walk in front of me...",
"I may not follow;",
"Don't walk behind me...",
"Just walk beside me...",
"And be my friend."};
printf("%c, %c\n", *(mess[2] + 9), *(*(mess + 2) + 9));
return 0;
}
A.
t, t
B.
k, k
C.
n, k
D.
m, f
Answer: Option B

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char str1[] = "Hello";
char str2[10];
char *t, *s;
s = str1;
t = str2;
while(*t = *s)
*t++ = *s++;
printf("%s\n", str2);
return 0;
}
A.
Hello
B.
HelloHello
C.
No output
D.
ello
Answer: Option A

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char str[] = "India\0REC\0";
printf("%d\n", sizeof(str));
return 0;
}
A.
10
B.
C.
D.
11
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
The following examples may help you understand this problem:
1. sizeof("") returns 1 (1*).
2. sizeof("India") returns 6 (5 + 1*).
3. sizeof("REC") returns 4 (3 + 1*).
4. sizeof("India\0REC") returns 10 (5 + 1 + 3 + 1*). Here '\0' is

considered as 1 char by sizeof() function.
5. sizeof("India\0REC\0") returns 11 (5 + 1 + 3 + 1 + 1*). Here '\0' is

considered as 1 char by sizeof() function.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
printf("%s\n", &str + 2);
return 0;
}
A.
Garbage value
B.
Error
C.
No output
D.
diaREC
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Step 1:
The variable str is declared as an array of characteres and initialized

with a string "IndiaREC".
Step 2:
printf("%s\n", &str+2);
=> In the printf statement %s is string format specifier tells the

compiler to print the string in the memory of &str+2.
=> &str is a location of string "IndiaREC". Therefore &str+2 is another

memory location.
Hence it prints the Garbage value.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char str = "IndiaREC";
return 0;
}
A.
Error
B.
IndiaREC
C.
Base address of str
D.
No output
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
The line
char str = "IndiaREC";
generates "Non portable pointer conversion" error.
To eliminate the error, we have to change the above line to
char *str = "IndiaREC"; (or) char str[] = "IndiaREC";
Then it prints "IndiaREC".

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char str[] = "Nagpur";
str[0] = 'K';
printf("%s, ", str);
str = "Kanpur";
printf("%s", str + 1);
return 0;
}
A.
Kagpur, Kanpur
B.
Nagpur, Kanpur
C.
Kagpur, anpur
D.
Error
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
The statement
str = "Kanpur";
generates the LVALUE required error. We have to use strcpy function to

copy a string.
To remove error we have to change this statement
str = "Kanpur"; tostrcpy(str, "Kanpur");
The program prints the string "anpur"

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
printf(5 + "IndiaREC\n");
return 0;
}
A.
Error
B.
IndiaREC
C.
REC
D.
None of above
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
printf(5+"IndiaREC\n");
In the printf statement, it skips the first 5 characters and it prints

"REC".

#include <stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
int main()
{
char sentence[80];
int i;
printf("Enter a line of text\n");
gets(sentence);
for(i = strlen(sentence) - 1; i >=0; i--)
putchar(sentence[i]);
return 0;
}
A.
The sentence will get printed in same order as it entered
B.
The sentence will get printed in reverse order
C.
Half of the sentence will get printed
D.
None of above
Answer: Option B

#include <stdio.h>
void swap(char *, char *);
int main()
{
char *pstr[2] = {"Hello", "IndiaREC"};
swap(pstr[0], pstr[1]);
printf("%s\n%s", pstr[0], pstr[1]);
return 0;
}
void swap(char *t1, char *t2)

{
char *t;
t = t1;
t1 = t2;
t2 = t;
}
A.
IndiaREC
Hello
B.
Address of "Hello" and "IndiaREC"
C.
Hello
IndiaREC
D.
Iello
HndiaREC
Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Step 1:
void swap(char *, char *);
This prototype tells the compiler that the function swap accept two
strings as arguments and it does not return anything.
Step 2:
char *pstr[2] = {"Hello", "IndiaREC"};
The variable pstr is declared as an pointer to the array of strings. It

is initialized to pstr[0] = "Hello", pstr[1] = "IndiaREC".
Step 3:
swap(pstr[0], pstr[1]);
The swap function is called by "call by value". Hence it does not affect
the output of the program.
If the swap function is "called by reference" it will affect the variable

pstr.
Step 4:
printf("%s\n%s", pstr[0], pstr[1]);
It prints the value of pstr[0]and pstr[1].
Hello
IndiaREC

27. What will be the output of the program (Turbo C in 16 bit platform
DOS)?
#include <stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
int main()
{
char *str1 = "India";
char *str2 = "REC";
char *str3;
str3 = strcat(str1, str2);
printf("%s %s\n", str3, str1);
return 0;
}
A.
IndiaREC India
B.
IndiaREC IndiaREC
C.
India India
D.
Error
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
It prints 'IndiaREC IndiaREC' in TurboC (in 16 bit platform).
It may cause a 'segmentation fault error' in GCC (32 bit platform).

28. If the size of pointer is 4 bytes then What will be the output of
the program?
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char *str[] = {"Frogs", "Do", "Not", "Die", "They", "Croak!"};
printf("%d, %d", sizeof(str), strlen(str[0]));
return 0;
}
A.
22, 4
B.
25, 5
C.
24, 5
D.
20, 2
Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Step 1:
char *str[] = {"Frogs", "Do", "Not", "Die", "They", "Croak!"};
The variable str is declared as an pointer to the array of 6 strings.
Step 2:
printf("%d, %d", sizeof(str), strlen(str[0]));
sizeof(str) denotes 6 * 4 bytes = 24 bytes. Hence it prints '24'.
strlen(str[0])); becomes strlen(Frogs)). Hence it prints '5'.
Hint: If you run the above code in 16 bit platform (Turbo C under DOS)
the output will be 12, 5. Because the pointer occupies only 2 bytes. If
you run the above code in Linux (32 bit platform), the output will be 24,
5 (because the size of pointer is 4 bytes).

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i;
char a[] = "\0";
if(printf("%s", a))
printf("The string is not empty\n");
else
printf("The string is empty\n");
return 0;
}
A.
The string is not empty
B.
The string is empty
C.
No output
D.
Answer: Option B

Explanation:
The function printf() returns the number of charecters printed on the

console.
Step 1:
char a[] = '\0';
The variable a is declared as an array of characters and it initialized

with "\0". It denotes that the string is empty.
Step 2:
if(printf("%s", a))
The printf() statement does not print anything, so it returns '0'(zero).

Hence the if condition is failed.
In the else part it prints "The string is empty".

#include <stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
int main()
{
char str1[5], str2[5];
int i;
gets(str1);
gets(str2);
i = strcmp(str1, str2);
printf("%d\n", i);
return 0;
}
A.
Unpredictable integer value
B.
C.
-1
D.
Error
Answer: Option A

Explanation:
gets() gets collects a string of characters terminated by a new line from

the standard input stream stdin.
The gets(str1) read the input string from user and store in variable
str1.
The gets(str2) read the input string from user and store in variable
str2.
The code
i = strcmp(str1, str2);
The strcmp not only returns -1, 0 and +1, but also other negative or
positive values. So the value of i is "unpredictable integer value".
printf("%d\n", i);
It prints the value of variable i.

31. What will be the output of the program in Turbo C?
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char str[10] = "India";
str[6] = "REC";
return 0;
}
A.
India REC
B.
REC
C.
India D.
Error
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
str[6] = "REC"; - Nonportable pointer conversion.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
if(str1 == str2)
printf("Equal\n");
else
printf("Unequal\n");
return 0;
}
A.
Equal
B.
Unequal
C.
Error
D.
None of above
Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Step 1:
The variable str1 is declared as an array of characters and initialized

with a string "Hello".
Step 2:
The variable str2 is declared as an array of characters and initialized

with a string "Hello".
We have use strcmp(s1,s2) function to compare strings.
Step 3:
if(str1 == str2)
here the address of str1 and str2 are compared. The address of both
variable is not same. Hence the if condition is failed.
Step 4: At the else part it prints "Unequal".

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char t;
char *p1 = "India", *p2;
p2 = p1;
p1 = "REC";
printf("%s %s\n", p1, p2);
return 0;
}
A.
India REC
B.
REC India
C.
India India
D.
REC REC
Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Step 1:
char *p1 = "India", *p2;
The variable p1 and p2 is declared as an pointer to a character value and

p1 is assigned with a value "India".
Step 2:
p2 = p1;
The value of p1 is assigned to variable p2. So p2 contains "India".
Step 3:
p1 = "REC";
The p1 is assigned with a string "REC".
Step 4:
printf("%s %s\n", p1, p2);
It prints the value of p1 and p2.
Hence the output of the program is "REC India".

#include <stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
int main()
{
printf("%c\n", "abcdefgh"[4]);
return 0;
}
A.
Error
B.
C.
D.
abcdefgh
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
printf("%c\n", "abcdefgh"[4]);
It prints the 5 character of the string "abcdefgh".
Hence the output is 'e'.

35. What will be the output of the following program in 16 bit platform
assuming that 1022 is memory address of the string "Hello1" (in Turbo C
under DOS)?
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
printf("%u %s\n", &"Hello1", &"Hello2");
return 0;
}
A.
1022 Hello2
B.
Hello1 1022
C.
Hello1 Hello2
D.
1022 1022
E.
Error
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
In printf("%u %s\n", &"Hello", &"Hello");.
The %u format specifier tells the compiler to print the memory address of
the "Hello1".
The %s format specifier tells the compiler to print the string "Hello2".
Hence the output of the program is "1022 Hello2".

Structures, Unions, Enums
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
union a
{
int i;
char ch[2];
};
union a u;
u.ch[0] = 3;
u.ch[1] = 2;
return 0;
}
A.
3, 2, 515
B.
515, 2, 3
C.
3, 2, 5
D.
515, 515, 4
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
The system will allocate 2 bytes for the union.
The statements u.ch[0] = 3; u.ch[1] = 2; store data in memory as given

below.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
union var
{
int a, b;
};
union var v;
v.a = 10;
v.b = 20;
printf("%d\n", v.a);
return 0;
}
A.
10
B.
20
C.
30
D.
Answer: Option B

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
struct value
{
int bit1:1;
int bit3:4;
int bit4:4;
} bit = {1, 2, 13};
printf("%d, %d, %d\n", bit.bit1, bit.bit3, bit.bit4);
return 0;
}
A.
1, 2, 13
B.
1, 4, 4
C.
-1, 2, -3
D.
-1, -2, -13
Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Note the below statement inside the struct:
int bit1:1;
--> 'int' indicates that it is a SIGNED integer.
For signed integers the leftmost bit will be taken for +/- sign.
If you store 1 in 1-bit field:
The left most bit is 1, so the system will treat the value as negative
number.
The 2's complement method is used by the system to handle the negative
values.
Therefore, the data stored is 1. The 2's complement of 1 is also 1

(negative).
Therefore -1 is printed.
If you store 2 in 4-bits field:
Binary 2: 0010 (left most bit is 0, so system will treat it as positive

value)
0010 is 2
Therefore 2 is printed.
If you store 13 in 4-bits field:
Binary 13: 1101 (left most bit is 1, so system will treat it as negative
value)
Find 2's complement of 1101:
1's complement of 1101 : 0010
2's complement of 1101 : 0011 (Add 1 to the result of 1's complement)
0011 is 3 (but negative value)
Therefore -3 is printed.

under DOS)?
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
struct value
{
int bit1:1;
int bit3:4;
int bit4:4;
} bit;
printf("%d\n", sizeof(bit));
return 0;
}
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Since C is a compiler dependent language, in Turbo C (DOS) the output

will be 2, but in GCC (Linux) the output will be 4.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
enum days {MON = -1, TUE, WED = 6, THU, FRI, SAT};
printf("%d, %d, %d, %d, %d, %d\n", MON, TUE, WED, THU, FRI, SAT);
return 0;
}
A.
-1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
B.
-1, 2, 6, 3, 4, 5
C.
-1, 0, 6, 2, 3, 4
D.
-1, 0, 6, 7, 8, 9
Answer: Option D

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
enum status {pass, fail, absent};
enum status stud1, stud2, stud3;
stud1 = pass;
stud2 = absent;
stud3 = fail;
printf("%d %d %d\n", stud1, stud2, stud3);
return 0;
}
A.
0, 1, 2
B.
1, 2, 3
C.
0, 2, 1
D.
1, 3, 2
Answer: Option C

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i = 4, j = 8;
printf("%d, %d, %d\n", i | j & j | i, i | j & j | i, i ^ j);
return 0;
}
A.
12, 12, 12
B.
112, 1, 12
C.
32, 1, 12
D.
-64, 1, 12
Answer: Option A

8. What will be the output of the program in Turbo C (under DOS)?
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
struct emp
{
char *n;
int age;
};
struct emp e1 = {"Dravid", 23};
struct emp e2 = e1;
strupr(e2.n);
printf("%s\n", e1.n);
return 0;
}
A.
Error: Invalid structure assignment
B.
DRAVID
C.
Dravid
D.
No output
Answer: Option B

9. What will be the output of the program in 16-bit platform (under
DOS)?
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
struct node
{
int data;
struct node *link;
};
struct node *p, *q;
p = (struct node *) malloc(sizeof(struct node));
q = (struct node *) malloc(sizeof(struct node));
printf("%d, %d\n", sizeof(p), sizeof(q));
return 0;
}
A.
2, 2
B.
8, 8
C.
5, 5
D.
4, 4
Answer: Option A

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
struct byte
{
int one : 1;
};
struct byte var = {1};
printf("%d\n", var.one);
return 0;
}
A.
B.
-1
C.
D.
Error
Answer: Option B

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
enum days {MON = -1, TUE, WED = 6, THU, FRI, SAT};
printf("%d, %d, %d, %d, %d, %d\n", ++MON, TUE, WED, THU, FRI, SAT);
return 0;
}
A.
-1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
B.
Error
C.
0, 1, 6, 3, 4, 5
D.
0, 0, 6, 7, 8, 9
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Because ++ or -- cannot be done on enum value.

#include <stdio.h>
struct course
{
int courseno;
char coursename[25];
};
int main()
{
struct course c[] = { {102, "Java"},
{103, "PHP"},
{104, "DotNet"} };
printf("%d ", c[1].courseno);
printf("%s\n", (*(c + 2)).coursename);
return 0;
}
A.
103 DotNet
B.
102 Java
C.
103 PHP
D.
104 DotNet
Answer: Option A

13. What will be the output of the program given below in 16-bit
platform?
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
enum value {VAL1 = 0, VAL2, VAL3, VAL4, VAL5} var;
printf("%d\n", sizeof(var));
return 0;
}
A.
B.
C.
D.
10
Answer: Option B

Input / Output
1. What will be the content of 'file.c' after executing the following

program?
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
FILE *fp1, *fp2;
fp1 = fopen("file.c", "w");
fp2 = fopen("file.c", "w");
fputc('A', fp1);
fputc('B', fp2);
fclose(fp1);
fclose(fp2);
return 0;
}
A.
B.
A
B
C.
B
B
D.
Error in opening file 'file1.c'
Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Here
fputc('A', fp1);
stores 'A' in the file1.c then
fputc('B', fp2);
overwrites the contents of the file1.c with value 'B'. Because the fp1
and fp2 opens the file1.c in write mode.
Hence the file1.c contents is 'B'.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int k = 1;
printf("%d == 1 is " "%s\n", k, k == 1 ? "TRUE" : "FALSE");
return 0;
}
A.
k == 1 is TRUE
B.
1 == 1 is TRUE
C.
1 == 1 is FALSE
D.
K == 1 is FALSE
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Step 1:
int k = 1;
The variable k is declared as an integer type and initialized to '1'.
Step 2:
printf("%d == 1 is" "%s\n", k, k == 1 ? "TRUE" : "FALSE");
becomes
=> k == 1 ? "TRUE" : "FALSE"
=> 1 == 1 ? "TRUE" : "FALSE"
=> "TRUE"
Therefore, the output of the program is 1 == 1 is TRUE

#include <stdio.h>
char *str = "char *str = %c%s%c; main() { printf(str, 34, str, 34); }";
int main()
{
printf(str, 34, str, 34);
return 0;
}
A.
char *str = "char *str = %c%s%c; main(){ printf(str, 34, str, 34); }";
main(){ printf(str, 34, str, 34);}
B.
char *str = %c%s%c; main(){ printf(str, 34, str, 34);}

C.
No output
D.
Error in program
Answer: Option A

4. If the file 'source.txt' contains a line "Be my friend" which of
the following will be the output of below program?
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
FILE *fs, *ft;
char c[10];
fs = fopen("source.txt", "r");
c[0] = getc(fs);
fseek(fs, 0, SEEK_END);
fseek(fs, -3L, SEEK_CUR);
fgets(c, 5, fs);
puts(c);
return 0;
}
A.
friend
B.
frien
C.
end
D.
Error in fseek();
Answer: Option C

Explanation:
The file source.txt contains "Be my friend".
fseek(fs, 0, SEEK_END);
moves the file pointer to the end of the file.
fseek(fs, -3L, SEEK_CUR);
moves the file pointer backward by 3 characters.
fgets(c, 5, fs);
read the file from the current position of the file pointer.
Hence, it contains the last 3 characters of "Be my friend".
Therefore, it prints "end".

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
float a = 3.15529;
printf("%2.1f\n", a);
return 0;
}
A.
3.00
B.
3.15
C.
3.2
D.
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
float a = 3.15529;
The variable a is declared as an float data type and initialized to value

3.15529;
printf("%2.1f\n", a);
The precision specifier tells .1f tells the printf function to place only
one number after the .(dot).
Hence the output is 3.2

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
printf("%c\n", ~('C' * -1));
return 0;
}
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: Option B

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
FILE *fp;
unsigned char ch;
/* file 'abc.c' contains "This is IndiaREC " */
fp = fopen("abc.c", "r");
if(fp == NULL)
{
printf("Unable to open file");
exit(1);
}
while((ch=getc(fp)) != EOF)
printf("%c", ch);
fclose(fp);
printf("\n", ch);
return 0;
}
A.
This is IndiaREC
B.
This is
C.
Infinite loop
D.
Error
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
The macro EOF means -1.
while((ch=getc(fp)) != EOF)
Here getc function read the character and convert it to an integer value
and store it in the variable ch, but it is declared as an unsigned char.
So the while loop runs infinitely.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char *p;
p = "%d\n";
p++;
p++;
printf(p - 2, 23);
return 0;
}
A.
21
B.
23
C.
Error
D.
No output
Answer: Option B

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
FILE *ptr;
char i;
ptr = fopen("myfile.c", "r");
while((i = fgetc(ptr)) != NULL)
printf("%c", i);
return 0;
}
A.
Print the contents of file "myfile.c"
B.
Print the contents of file "myfile.c" upto NULL character
C.
Infinite loop
D.
Error in program
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
The program will generate infinite loop. When an EOF is encountered

fgetc() returns EOF. Instead of checking the condition for EOF we have
checked it for NULL. so the program will generate infinite loop.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
printf("%%%%\n");
return 0;
}
A.
%%%%%
B.
%%
C.
No output
D.
Error
Answer: Option B

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a = 250;
printf("%1d\n", a);
return 0;
}
A.
1250
B.
C.
50
D.
250
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
int a = 250;
The variable a is declared as an integer type and initialized to value

250.
printf("%1d\n", a);
It prints the value of variable a.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
FILE *fp;
char ch, str[7];
fp=fopen("try.c", "r"); /* file 'try.c' contains "This is Nagpur" */
fseek(fp, 9L, SEEK_CUR);
fgets(str, 5, fp);
puts(str);
return 0;
}
A.
agpur
B.
gpur
C.
Nagp
D.
agpu
Answer: Option D

13. What will be the output of the program if value 25 given to
scanf()?
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i;
printf("%d\n", scanf("%d", &i));
return 0;
}
A.
25
B.
C.
D.
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
The scanf function returns the number of input is given.
printf("%d\n", scanf("%d", &i));
The scanf function returns the value 1(one).
Therefore, the output of the program is '1'.

Command Line Arguments
1. What will be the output of the program (myprog.c) given below if it

is executed from the command line?
C:\BHUVAN>myprog one two three
/* myprog.c */
#include <stdio.h>
int main(int argc, char **argv)

{
printf("%c\n", **++argv);
return 0;
}
A.
myprog one two three
B.
myprog one
C.
D.
two
Answer: Option C

/* myprog.c */
#include <stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

{
printf("%s\n", *++argv);
return 0;
}
A.
myprog
B.
one
C.
two
D.
three
Answer: Option B

3. What will be the output of the program (sample.c) given below if it
is executed from the command line (Turbo C in DOS)?
C:\BHUVAN>sample 1 2 3
/* sample.c */
#include <stdio.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])

{
int j;
j = argv[1] + argv[2] + argv[3];
printf("%d", j);
return 0;
}
A.
B.
sample 6
C.
Error
D.
Garbage value
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Here argv[1], argv[2] and argv[3] are string type. We have to convert the
string to integer type before perform arithmetic operation.
Example: j = atoi(argv[1]) + atoi(argv[2]) + atoi(argv[3]);

is executed from the command line (turbo c under DOS)?
C:\BHUVAN>sample Good Morning
/* sample.c */
#include <stdio.h>

{
printf("%d %s", argc, argv[1]);
return 0;
}
A.
3 Good
B.
2 Good
C.
Good Morning
D.
3 Morning
Answer: Option A

#include <stdio.h>
void fun(int);
int main(int argc)

{
printf("%d ", argc);
fun(argc);
return 0;
}
void fun(int i)
{
if(i != 4)
main(++i);
}
A.
1 2 3
B.
1 2 3 4
C.
2 3 4
D.
Answer: Option B

C:\BHUVAN>sample "*.c"
/* sample.c */
#include <stdio.h>
int main(int argc, int *argv)

{
int i;
for(i = 1; i < argc; i++)
printf("%s\n", argv[i]);
return 0;
}
A.
*.c
B.
"*.c"
C.
sample *.c
D.
List of all files and folders in the current directory
Answer: Option A

7. What will be the output of the program if it is executed like
below?
C:\BHUVAN>sample
/* sample.c */
#include <stdio.h>

{
printf("%s\n", argv[argc - 1]);
return 0;
}
A.
B.
sample
C.
samp
D.
No output
Answer: Option B

C:\BHUVAN>sample friday tuesday sunday
/* sample.c */
#include <stdio.h>

{
printf("%c", **++argv);
return 0;
}
A.
B.
C.
sample
D.
friday
Answer: Option B

C:\BHUVAN>myprog friday tuesday sunday
/* myprog.c */
#include <stdio.h>

{
printf("%c", *++argv[1]);
return 0;
}
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: Option A

C:\BHUVAN>sample one two three
/* sample.c */
#include <stdio.h>

{
int i = 0;
i += strlen(argv[1]);
while(i > 0)
{
printf("%c", argv[1][--i]);
}
return 0;
}
A.
three two one
B.
owt
C.
eno
D.
eerht
Answer: Option C

#include <stdio.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv, char *env[])

{
int i;
printf("%s\n", env[i]);
return 0;
}
A.
List of all environment variables
B.
List of all command-line arguments
C.
count of command-line arguments
D.
Error: cannot have more than two arguments in main()
Answer: Option A

C:\BHUVAN>sample Jan Feb Mar
/* sample.c */
#include <stdio.h>
#include<dos.h>
int main(int arc, char *arv[])

{
int i;
printf("%s ", argv[i]);
return 0;
}
A.
No output
B.
sample Jan Feb Mar
C.
Jan Feb Mar
D.
Error
Answer: Option C

C:\BHUVAN>sample monday tuesday wednesday thursday
/* sample.c */
#include <stdio.h>

{
while(--argc > 0)
printf("%s", *++argv);
return 0;
}
A.
sample monday tuesday wednesday thursday
B.
monday tuesday wednesday thursday
C.
monday tuesday thursday
D.
tuesday
Answer: Option B

14. If the following program (myproc.c) is present in the directory
"C:\TC" then what will be output of the program if run it from DOS shell?
/* myproc.c */
#include <stdio.h>

{
printf("%s", argv[0]);
return 0;
}
A.
SAMPLE.C
B.
C:\TC\MYPROC.EXE
C.
C:\TC
D.
Error
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
In order to execute it from DOS shell, we have to run the created EXE
file by entering the exe file name as C:\TC>myproc <enter>.

/* myprog.c */
#include <stdio.h>

{
int i;
printf("%c", argv[i][0]);
return 0;
}
A.
Oot
B.
ott
C.
nwh
D.
eoe
Answer: Option B

/* sample.c */
#include <stdio.h>

{
printf("%s\n", argv[0]);
return 0;
}
A.
sample 3 2 3
B.
sample 1 2 3
C.
sample
D.
Error
Answer: Option C

C:\BHUVAN>myprog 1 2 3
/* myprog.c */
#include <stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

{
int i, j = 0;
j = j + atoi(argv[i]);
printf("%d\n", j);
return 0;
}
A.
123
B.
C.
Error
D.
"123"
Answer: Option B

/* sample.c */
#include <stdio.h>
int main(int sizeofargv, char *argv[])

{
while(sizeofargv)
printf("%s", argv[--sizeofargv]);
return 0;
}
A.
sample friday tuesday sunday
B.
sample friday tuesday
C.
sunday tuesday friday sample
D.
sunday tuesday friday
Answer: Option C

/* sample.c */
#include <stdio.h>

{
printf("%c", *++argv[2] );
return 0;
}
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: Option C

C:\BHUVAN>myprog 10 20 30
/* myprog.c */
#include <stdio.h>

{
int i;
printf("%s\n", argv[i]);
return 0;
}
A.
10 20 30
B.
myprog 10 20
C.
myprog 10 20 30
D.
10 20
Answer: Option C

/* myprog.c */
#include <stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

{
int i;
for(i = 1; i <= 3; i++)
printf("%u\n", &argv[i]);
return 0;
}
If the first value printed by the above program is 65517, what will be
the rest of output?
A.
65525 65531
B.
65519 65521
C.
65517 65517
D.
65521 65525
Answer: Option B

Bitwise Operators
1. Assunming, integer is 2 byte, What will be the output of the

program?
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
printf("%x\n", -1 >> 1);
return 0;
}
A.
ffff
B.
0fff
C.
0000
D.
fff0
Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Negative numbers are treated with 2's complement method.
1's complement: Inverting the bits (all 1s to 0s and all 0s to 1s).
2's complement: Adding 1 to the result of 1's complement.
Binary of 1 (2 byte) : 0000 0000 0000 0001
Representing -1:
1s complement of 1 (2byte) : 1111 1111 1111 1110
Adding 1 to 1's comp. result : 1111 1111 1111 1111
Right shift 1 bit(-1 >> 1) : 1111 1111 1111 1111 (carry out 1)
Hexadecimal : f f f f
(Filled with 1s in the left side in the above step)
Note:
1. Fill with 1s in the left side for right shift for negative numbers.
2. Fill with 0s in the right side for left shift for negative numbers.
3. Fill with 0s in the left side for right shift for positive numbers.
4. Fill with 0s in the right side for left shift for positive numbers.

2. If an unsigned int is 2 bytes wide then, what will be the output of
the program?
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
unsigned int m = 32;
printf("%x\n", ~m);
return 0;
}
A.
ffff
B.
0000
C.
ffdf
D.
ddfd
Answer: Option C

3. Assuming a integer 2-bytes, What will be the output of the program?
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
printf("%x\n", -1 << 3);
return 0;
}
A.
ffff
B.
fff8
C.
D.
-1
Answer: Option B

Explanation:
The system will treat negative numbers in 2's complement method.
Example:
Assume the size of int is 2-bytes (16 bits). The integer value 1 is
represented as given below:
Binary of 1: 00000000 00000001 (this is for positive value of 1)
1's complement of binary 1: 11111111 11111110
2's complement of binary 1: 11111111 11111111
Thy system will store '11111111 11111111' in memory to represent '-1'.
If we do left shift (3 bits) on 11111111 11111111 it will become as given

below:
11111111 11111111 - (left shift 3 times) -> 11111111 11111000.
So, 11111111 11111000 - (binary to hex) -> FF F8. (Required Answer)
Note:
How is the negative number obtained from 2's complement value?
As stated above, -1 is represented as '11111111 11111111' in memory.
So, the system will take 2's complement of '11111111 11111111' to the get
the original negative value back.
Example:
Bit Representation of -1: 11111111 11111111
Since the left most bit is 1, it is a negative number. Then the value is
1's complement: 00000000 00000000
2's complement: 00000000 00000001 (Add 1 to the above result)
Therefore, '00000000 00000001' = 1 and the sign is negative.
Hence the value is -1.

4. If an unsigned int is 2 bytes wide then, what will be the output of
the program?
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
unsigned int a = 0xffff;
~a;
printf("%x\n", a);
return 0;
}
A.
ffff
B.
0000
C.
00ff
D.
ddfd
Answer: Option A

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
unsigned char i = 0x80;
printf("%d\n", i << 1);
return 0;
}
A.
B.
256
C.
100
D.
80
Answer: Option B

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
printf("%d >> %d %d >> %d\n", 4 >> 1, 8 >> 1);
return 0;
}
A.
4 1 8 1
B.
4 >> 1 8 >> 1
C.
2 >> 4 Garbage value >> Garbage value
D.
2 4
Answer: Option C

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char c = 48;
int i, mask = 01;
for(i = 1; i <= 5; i++)
{
printf("%c", c | mask);
mask = mask << 1;
}
return 0;
}
A.
12400
B.
12480
C.
12500
D.
12556
Answer: Option B

#define P printf("%d\n", -1^~0);

#define M(P) int main()\
{\
P\
return 0;\
}
M(P)
A.
B.
C.
-1
D.
Answer: Option B

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i = 32, j = 0x20, k, l, m;
k = i | j;
l = i & j;
m = k ^ l;
printf("%d, %d, %d, %d, %d\n", i, j, k, l, m);
return 0;
}
A.
0, 0, 0, 0, 0
B.
0, 32, 32, 32, 32
C.
32, 32, 32, 32, 0
D.
32, 32, 32, 32, 32
Answer: Option C

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
printf("%d %d\n", 32 << 1, 32 << 0);
printf("%d %d\n", 32 << -1, 32 << -0);
printf("%d %d\n", 32 >> 1, 32 >> 0);
printf("%d %d\n", 32 >> -1, 32 >> -0);
return 0;
}
A.
Garbage values
B.
64 32
0 32
16 32
0 32
C.
All zeros
D.
8 0
0 0
32 0
0 16
Answer: Option B

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
unsigned int res;
res = (64 >> (2 + 1 - 2)) & (~(1 << 2));
printf("%d\n", res);
return 0;
}
A.
32
B.
64
C.
D.
128
Answer: Option A

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i = 4, j = 8;
printf("%d, %d, %d\n", i | j & j | i, i | j && j | i, i ^ j);
return 0;
}
A.
4, 8, 0
B.
1, 2, 1
C.
12, 1, 12
D.
0, 0, 0
Answer: Option C

Typedef
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
enum color {red, green, blue};
typedef enum color mycolor;
mycolor m = red;
printf("%d", m);
return 0;
}
A.
B.
C.
D.
red
Answer: Option B

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
typedef int arr[5];
arr iarr = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
int i;
for(i = 0; i < 4; i++)
printf("%d,", iarr[i]);
return 0;
}
A.
1, 2, 3, 4
B.
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
C.
No output
D.
Error: Cannot use typedef with an array
Answer: Option A

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
typedef int LONG;
LONG a = 4;
LONG b = 68;
float c = 0;
c = b;
b += a;
printf("%d, ", b);
printf("%f\n", c);
return 0;
}
A.
72, 68.000000
B.
72.000000, 68
C.
68.000000, 72.000000
D.
68, 72.000000
Answer: Option A

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
typedef float f;
static f *fptr;
float fval = 90;
fptr = &fval;
printf("%f\n", *fptr);
return 0;
}
A.
B.
C.
90.000000
D.
90
Answer: Option C

#include <stdio.h>
typedef struct error {int warning, err, exception;} ERROR;
int main()
{
ERROR e;
e.err = 1;
printf("%d\n", e.err);
return 0;
}
A.
B.
C.
D.
Error
Answer: Option B

Const
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int y = 128;
const int x = y;
printf("%d\n", x);
return 0;
}
A.
128
B.
Garbage value
C.
Error
D.
Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Step 1:
int y = 128;
The variable 'y' is declared as an integer type and initialized to value

"128".
Step 2:
const int x = y;
The constant variable 'x' is declared as an integer and it is initialized

with the variable 'y' value.
Step 3:
printf("%d\n", x);
It prints the value of variable 'x'.

#include <stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
union employee
{
char name[15];
int age;
float salary;
};
const union employee e1;
int main()
{
strcpy(e1.name, "K");
printf("%s %d %f", e1.name, e1.age, e1.salary);
return 0;
}
A.
Error: RValue required
B.
Error: cannot convert from 'const int *' to 'int *const'
C.
Error: LValue required in strcpy
D.
No error
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
The output will be (in 16-bit platform DOS):
K 75 0.000000

#include <stdio.h>
int fun(int **ptr);
int main()
{
int i = 10;
const int *ptr = &i;
fun(&ptr);
return 0;
}
int fun(int **ptr)

{
int j = 223;
int *temp = &j;
printf("Before changing ptr = %5x\n", *ptr);
const *ptr = temp;
printf("After changing ptr = %5x\n", *ptr);
return 0;
}
A.
Address of i
Address of j
B.
10
223
C.
Error: cannot convert parameter 1 from 'const int **' to 'int **'
D.
Garbage value
Answer & Explanation
Answer: Option C

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
const int x = 5;
const int *ptrx;
ptrx = &x;
*ptrx = 10;
printf("%d\n", x);
return 0;
}
A.
B.
10
C.
Error
D.
Garbage value
Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Step 1:
const int x = 5;
The constant variable x is declared as an integer data type and

initialized with value '5'.
Step 2:
const int *ptrx;
The constant variable ptrx is declared as an integer pointer.
Step 3:
ptrx = &x;
The address of the constant variable x is assigned to integer pointer

variable ptrx.
Step 4:
*ptrx = 10;
Here we are indirectly trying to change the value of the constant vaiable
x. This will result in an error.
To change the value of const variable x we have to use *(int *)&x = 10;

5. What will be the output of the program in TurboC?
#include <stdio.h>
int fun(int **ptr);
int main()
{
int i=10, j=20;
const int *ptr = &i;
printf("i = %5X ", ptr);
printf("ptr = %d ", *ptr);
ptr = &j;
printf("j = %5X ", ptr);
printf("ptr = %d", *ptr);
return 0;
}
A.
i= FFE2 ptr=12 j=FFE4 ptr=24
B.
C.
D.
Garbage value
Answer: Option B

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
const char *s = "";
char str[] = "Hello";
s = str;
while(*s)
printf("%c", *s++);
return 0;
}
A.
Error
B.
C.
Hello
D.
Hel
Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Step 1:
const char *s = "";
The constant variable s is declared as an pointer to an array of

characters type and initialized with an empty string.
Step 2:
char str[] = "Hello";
The variable str is declared as an array of charactrers type and

initialized with a string "Hello".
Step 3:
s = str;
The value of the variable str is assigned to the variable s. Thereforestr

contains the text "Hello".
Step 4:
while(*s)
{
printf("%c", *s++);
}
Here the while loop got executed untill the value of the variable s is
available and it prints the each character of the variable s.
Hence the output of the program is "Hello".

#include <stdio.h>
int get();
int main()
{
const int x = get();
printf("%d", x);
return 0;
}
int get()
{
return 20;
}
A.
Garbage value
B.
Error
C.
20
D.
Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Step 1:
int get();
This is the function prototype for the funtion get(), it tells the
compiler returns an integer value and accept no parameters.
Step 2:
const int x = get();
The constant variable x is declared as an integer data type and

initialized with the value "20".
The function get() returns the value "20".
Step 3:
printf("%d", x);
It prints the value of the variable x.

8. What will be the output of the program (in Turbo C)?
#include <stdio.h>
int fun(int *f)

{
*f = 10;
return 0;
}
int main()
{
const int arr[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
printf("Before modification arr[3] = %d", arr[3]);
fun(&arr[3]);
printf("\nAfter modification arr[3] = %d", arr[3]);
return 0;
}
A.
Before modification arr[3] = 4
After modification arr[3] = 10
B.
Error: cannot convert parameter 1 from const int * to int *
C.
Error: Invalid parameter
D.
Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Step 1:
const int arr[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
The constant variable arr is declared as an integer array and initialized

to arr[0] = 1, arr[1] = 2, arr[2] = 3, arr[3] = 4, arr[4] = 5.
Step 2:
printf("Before modification arr[3] = %d", arr[3]);
It prints the value of arr[3] (ie. 4).
Step 3:
fun(&arr[3]);
The memory location of the arr[3] is passed to fun() andarr[3] value is

modified to 10.
A const variable can be indirectly modified by a pointer.
Step 4:
printf("After modification arr[3] = %d", arr[3]);
It prints the value of arr[3] (ie. 10).


#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
const int i = 0;
printf("%d\n", i++);
return 0;
}
A.
10
B.
11
C.
No output
D.
Error: ++needs a value
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
This program will show an error "Cannot modify a const object".
Step 1:
const int i = 0;
The constant variable 'i' is declared as an integer and initialized with

value of '0'(zero).
Step 2:
printf("%d\n", i++);
Here the variable 'i' is increemented by 1 (one). This will create an

error "Cannot modify a const object".
Because, we cannot modify a const variable.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
const c = -11;
const int d = 34;
printf("%d, %d\n", c, d);
return 0;
}
A.
Error
B.
-11, 34
C.
11, 34
D.
None of these
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Step 1:
const c = -11;
The constant variable 'c' is declared and initialized to value "-11".
Step 2:
const int d = 34;
The constant variable 'd' is declared as an integer and initialized to

value '34'.
Step 3:
printf("%d, %d\n", c, d);
The value of the variable 'c' and 'd' are printed.
Hence the output of the program is -11, 34.

Memory Allocation
#include <stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
int main()
{
int *p;
p = (int *)malloc(20); /* Assume p has address of 1314 */
free(p);
printf("%u", p);
return 0;
}
A.
1314
B.
Garbage value
C.
1316
D.
Random address
Answer: Option A

2. What will be the output of the program (16-bit platform)?
#include <stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
int main()
{
int *p;
p = (int *)malloc(20);
printf("%d\n", sizeof(p));
free(p);
return 0;
}
A.
B.
C.
D.
Garbage value
Answer: Option B

#include <stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
int main()
{
char *s;
char *fun();
s = fun();
printf("%s\n", s);
return 0;
}
char *fun()
{
char buffer[30];
strcpy(buffer, "RAM");
return (buffer);
}
A.
0xffff
B.
Garbage value
C.
0xffee
D.
Error
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
The output is unpredictable since buffer is an auto array and will die
when the control go back to main. Thus s will be pointing to an array,
which not exists.

#include <stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
int main()
{
union test
{
int i;
float f;
char c;
};
union test *t;
t = (union test *)malloc(sizeof(union test));
t->f = 10.10f;
printf("%f", t->f);
return 0;
}
A.
10
B.
Garbage value
C.
10.100000
D.
Error
Answer: Option C

5. Assume integer is 2 bytes wide. How many bytes will be allocated
for the following code?
#include <stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#define MAXROW 3
#define MAXCOL 4
int main()
{
int (*p)[MAXCOL];
p = (int (*)[MAXCOL])malloc(MAXROW *sizeof(*p));
return 0;
}
A.
56 bytes
B.
128 bytes
C.
24 bytes
D.
12 bytes
Answer: Option C

6. Assume integer is 2 bytes wide. What will be the output of the
following code?
#include <stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#define MAXROW 3
#define MAXCOL 4
int main()
{
int (*p)[MAXCOL];
p = (int (*)[MAXCOL])malloc(MAXROW *sizeof(*p));
printf("%d, %d\n", sizeof(p), sizeof(*p));
return 0;
}
A.
2, 8
B.
4, 16
C.
8, 24
D.
16, 32
Answer: Option A

7. How many bytes of memory will the following code reserve?
#include <stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
int main()
{
int *p;
p = (int *)malloc(256 * 256);
if(p == NULL)
printf("Allocation failed");
return 0;
}
A.
65536
B.
Allocation failed
C.
Error
D.
No output
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Hence 256 * 256 = 65536 is passed to malloc() function which can allocate
upto 65535. So the memory allocation will be failed in 16 bit platform
(Turbo C in DOS).
If you compile the same program in 32 bit platform like Linux (GCC
Compiler) it may allocate the required memory.

Variable Number of Arguments
#include <stdio.h>
#include<stdarg.h>
void fun(char *msg, ...);
int main()
{
fun("IndiaREC", 1, 4, 7, 11, 0);
return 0;
}
void fun(char *msg, ...)

{
va_list ptr;
int num;
va_start(ptr, msg);
num = va_arg(ptr, int);
printf("%d", num);
}
A.
IndiaREC 1 7 11 0
B.
C.
D.
Answer: Option C

#include <stdio.h>
#include<stdarg.h>
void fun1(char, int, int *, float *, char *);
void fun2(char ch, ...);
void (*p1)(char, int, int *, float *, char *);
void (*p2)(char ch, ...);
int main()
{
char ch='A'; int i=10;
float f=3.14; char *p="Hello";
p1=fun1;
p2=fun2;
(*p1)(ch, i, &i, &f, p);
(*p2)(ch, i, &i, &f, p);
return 0;
}
void fun1(char ch, int i, int *pi, float *pf, char *p)
{
printf("%c %d %d %f %s \n", ch, i, *pi, *pf, p);
}
void fun2(char ch, ...)
{
int i, *pi; float *pf; char *p;
va_list list;
printf("%c ", ch);
va_start(list, ch);
i = va_arg(list, int);
printf("%d ", i);
pi = va_arg(list, int*);
printf("%d ", *pi);
pf = va_arg(list, float*);
printf("%f ", *pf);
p = va_arg(list, char *);
printf("%s", p);
}
A.
A 10 3.14
A 10 3.14
B.
A 10 10 3.140000 Hello
A 10 10 3.140000 Hello
C.
A 10 Hello
A 10 Hello
D.
Error
Answer: Option B

#include <stdio.h>
#include<stdarg.h>
void dumplist(int, ...);
int main()
{
dumplist(2, 4, 8);
dumplist(3, 6, 9, 7);
return 0;
}
void dumplist(int n, ...)

{
va_list p; int i;
va_start(p, n);
while(n-->0)
{
i = va_arg(p, int);
printf("%d ", i);
}
va_end(p);
printf("\n");
}
A.
2 4
3 6
B.
2 4 8
3, 6, 9, 7
C.
4 8
6 9 7
D.
1 1 1
1 1 1 1
Answer: Option C

#include <stdio.h>
#include<stdarg.h>
void display(int num, ...);
int main()
{
display(4, 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D');
return 0;
}
void display(int num, ...)
{
char c, c1; int j;
va_list ptr, ptr1;
va_start(ptr, num);
va_start(ptr1, num);
for(j=1; j<=num; j++)
{
c = va_arg(ptr, int);
printf("%c, ", c);
c1 = va_arg(ptr1, int);
printf("%d\n", c1);
}
}
A.
A, A
B, B
C, C
D, D
B.
A, a
B, b
C, c
D, d
C.
A, 65
B, 66
C, 67
D, 68
D.
A, 0
B, 0
C, 0
C, 0
Answer: Option C

#include <stdio.h>
#include<stdarg.h>
void fun1(int num, ...);

void fun2(int num, ...);
int main()
{
fun1(1, "Apple", "Boys", "Cats", "Dogs");
fun2(2, 12, 13, 14);
return 0;
}
void fun1(int num, ...)
{
char *str;
va_list ptr;
va_start(ptr, num);
str = va_arg(ptr, char *);
printf("%s ", str);
}
void fun2(int num, ...)
{
va_list ptr;
va_start(ptr, num);
printf("%d", num);
}
A.
Dogs 12
B.
Cats 14
C.
Boys 13
D.
Apple 12
Answer: Option D

Complicated Declarations
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char far *near *ptr1;
char far *far *ptr2;
char far *huge *ptr3;
printf("%d, %d, %d\n", sizeof(ptr1), sizeof(ptr2), sizeof(ptr3));
return 0;
}
A.
4, 4, 8
B.
4, 4, 4
C.
2, 4, 4
D.
2, 4, 8
Answer: Option C

2. What will be the output of the program in DOS (Compiler - Turbo C)?
#include <stdio.h>
double i;
int main()
{
(int)(float)(char) i;
printf("%d", sizeof((int)(float)(char)i));
return 0;
}
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Due to the C language is being platform dependent:
In Turbo C (DOS - 16 bit platform), the output will be 2.
But in GCC (Unix/Linux - 32 bit platform), the output will be 4.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char huge *near *far *ptr1;
char near *far *huge *ptr2;
char far *huge *near *ptr3;
printf("%d, %d, %d\n", sizeof(**ptr1), sizeof(ptr2), sizeof(*ptr3));
return 0;
}
A.
4, 4, 4
B.
2, 2, 2
C.
2, 8, 4
D.
2, 4, 8
Answer: Option A

4. What will be the output of the program (in Turbo C under DOS)?
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
return 0;
}
A.
4, 4, 8
B.
2, 4, 4
C.
4, 4, 2
D.
2, 4, 8
Answer: Option C

#include <stdio.h>
typedef void v;
typedef int i;
int main()
{
v fun(i, i);
fun(2, 3);
return 0;
}
v fun(i a, i b)
{
i s = 2;
float i;
printf("%d,", sizeof(i));
printf(" %d", a * b * s);
}
A.
2, 8
B.
4, 8
C.
2, 4
D.
4, 12
Answer: Option D

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
printf("%d, %d, %d\n", sizeof(ptr1), sizeof(*ptr2), sizeof(**ptr3));
return 0;
}
A.
4, 4, 4
B.
2, 4, 4
C.
4, 4, 2
D.
2, 4, 8
Answer: Option A

#include <stdio.h>
typedef unsigned long int uli;
typedef uli u;
int main()
{
uli a;
u b = -1;
a = -1;
printf("%lu, %lu", a, b);
return 0;
}
A.
4343445454, 4343445454
B.
4545455434, 4545455434
C.
4294967295, 4294967295
D.
Garbage values
Answer: Option C

Explanation:
The system will treat the negative numbers with 2's complement method.
For 'long int' system will occupy 4 bytes (32 bits).
Therefore,
Binary 1 : 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000001
To represent -1, system uses the 2's complement value of 1. Add 1 to the
1's complement result to obtain 2's complement of 1.
So, first take 1's complement of binary 1 (change all 0s to 1s and all 1s
to 0s)
1's complement of Binary 1:
11111111 11111111 11111111 11111110
2's complement of Binary 1: (Add 1 with the above result)
11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111
In HexaDecimal
11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 = FFFF FFFF FFFF FFFF
In Unsigned Integer
11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 = 4294967295.

8. What will be the output of the program in DOS (Compiler - Turbo C)?
#include <stdio.h>
double i;
int main()
{
(int)(float)(char) i;
printf("%d", sizeof(i));
return 0;
}
A.
B.
C.
16
D.
22
Answer: Option B

9. What will be the output of the program under DOS?
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
printf("%d, %d, %d\n", sizeof(ptr1), sizeof(**ptr2), sizeof(ptr3));
return 0;
}
A.
4, 4, 4
B.
4, 2, 2
C.
2, 8, 4
D.
2, 4, 8
Answer: Option B

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
struct s1
{
char *z;
int i;
struct s1 *p;
};
static struct s1 a[] = {{"Nagpur", 1, a+1} ,
{"Chennai", 2, a+2} ,
{"Bangalore", 3, a} };
struct s1 *ptr = a;
printf("%s,", ++(ptr->z));
printf(" %s,", a[(++ptr)->i].z);
printf(" %s", a[--(ptr->p->i)].z);
return 0;
}
A.
Nagpur, Chennai, Bangalore
B.
agpur, hennai, angalore
C.
agpur, Chennai, angalore
D.
agpur, Bangalore, Bangalore
Answer: Option D

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char huge *near *ptr1;
char huge *far *ptr2;
char huge *huge *ptr3;
return 0;
}
A.
4, 4, 8
B.
2, 4, 4
C.
4, 4, 2
D.
2, 4, 8
Answer: Option B

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char near *near *ptr1;
char near *far *ptr2;
char near *huge *ptr3;
return 0;
}
A.
4, 4, 8
B.
4, 4, 4
C.
2, 4, 8
D.
2, 4, 4
Answer: Option D

Library Functions
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i;
i = printf("How r u\n");
i = printf("%d\n", i);
printf("%d\n", i);
return 0;
}
A.
How r u
7
2
B.
How r u
8
2
C.
How r u
1
1
D.
Error: cannot assign printf to variable
Answer: Option B

Explanation:
In the program, printf() returns the number of charecters printed on the

console
i = printf("How r u\n");
This line prints "How r u" with a new line character and returns the
length of string printed then assign it to variable i.
So i = 8 (length of '\n' is 1).
i = printf("%d\n", i);
In the previous step the value of i is 8. So it prints "8" with a new

line character and returns the length of string printed then assign it to
variable i. So i = 2 (length of '\n' is 1).
printf("%d\n", i);
In the previous step the value of i is 2. So it prints "2".

#include <stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
int main()
{
float i = 2.5;
printf("%f, %d", floor(i), ceil(i));
return 0;
}
A.
2, 3
B.
2.000000, 3
C.
2.000000, 0
D.
2, 0
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Both ceil() and floor() return the integer found as a double.
floor(2.5) returns the largest integral value (round down) that is not
greater than 2.5. So output is 2.000000.
ceil(2.5) returns 3, while converting the double to int it returns '0'.

So, the output is '2.000000, 0'.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i;
i = scanf("%d %d", &i, &i);
printf("%d\n", i);
return 0;
}
A.
B.
C.
Garbage value
D.
Error: cannot assign scanf to variable
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
scanf() returns the number of variables to which you are provding the
input.
i = scanf("%d %d", &i, &i);
Here scanf() returns 2. So i = 2.
printf("%d\n", i); Here it prints 2.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i;
char c;
for(i = 1; i <= 5; i++)
{
scanf("%c", &c); /* given input is 'b' */
ungetc(c, stdout);
printf("%c", c);
ungetc(c, stdin);
}
return 0;
}
A.
bbbb
B.
bbbbb
C.
D.
Error in ungetc statement.
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
The ungetc() function pushes the character c back onto the named input
stream, which must be open for reading.
This character will be returned on the next call to getc or fread for
that stream.
One character can be pushed back in all situations.
A second call to ungetc without a call to getc will force the previous
character to be forgotten.

#include <stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
int main()
{
char *i = "55.555";
int result1 = 10;
float result2 = 11.111;
result1 = result1 + atoi(i);
result2 = result2 + atof(i);
printf("%d, %f", result1, result2);
return 0;
}
A.
55, 55.555
B.
66, 66.666600
C.
65, 66.666000
D.
55, 55
Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Function atoi() converts the string to integer.
Function atof() converts the string to float.
result1 = result1 + atoi(i);
Here result1 = 10 + atoi(55.555);
result1 = 10 + 55;
result1 = 65;
result2 = result2+atof(i);
Here result2 = 11.111 + atof(55.555);
result2 = 11.111 + 55.555000;
result2 = 66.666000;
So the output is "65, 66.666000".

#include <stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
int main()
{
char dest[] = {97, 97, 0};
char src[] = "aaa";
int i;
if((i = memcmp(dest, src, 2)) == 0)
printf("Got it");
else
printf("Missed");
return 0;
}
A.
Missed
B.
Got it
C.
Error in memcmp statement
D.
None of above
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
memcmp compares the first 2 bytes of the blocks dest and src as unsigned
chars. So, the ASCII value of 97 is 'a'.
if((i = memcmp(dest, src, 2)) == 0)
When comparing the array dest and src as unsigned chars, the first 2
bytes are same in both variables.so memcmp returns '0'.
Then, the if(0 = 0) condition is satisfied. Hence the output is "Got it".

7. What will function gcvt() do?
A.
Convert vector to integer value
B.
Convert floating-point number to a string
C.
Convert 2D array in to 1D array.
D.
Covert multi Dimensional array to 1D array
Answer: Option B

Explanation:
The gcvt() function converts a floating-point number to a string. It

converts given value to a null-terminated string.
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
char str[25];
double num;
int sig = 5; /* significant digits */
/* a regular number */
num = 9.876;
gcvt(num, sig, str);
printf("string = %s\n", str);
/* a negative number */
num = -123.4567;
/* scientific notation */
num = 0.678e5;
return(0);
}
Output:
string = 9.876
string = -123.46
string = 67800

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i;
char c;
for(i = 1; i <= 5; i++)
{
scanf("%c", &c); /* given input is 'a' */
printf("%c", c);
ungetc(c, stdin);
}
return 0;
}
A.
aaaa
B.
aaaaa
C.
Garbage value.
D.
Error in ungetc statement.
Answer: Option B

Explanation:
for(i = 1; i <= 5; i++) Here the for loop runs 5 times.
Loop 1:
scanf("%c", &c);
Here we give 'a' as input.
printf("%c", c);
prints the character 'a' which is given in the previous "scanf()"

statement.
ungetc(c, stdin);
"ungetc()" function pushes character 'a' back into input stream.
Loop 2:
Here the
scanf("%c", &c);
get the input from "stdin" because of "ungetc" function.
printf("%c", c);
Now variable c = 'a'. So it prints the character 'a'.
ungetc(c, stdin);
"ungetc()" function pushes character 'a' back into input stream.
This above process will be repeated in Loop 3, Loop 4, Loop 5.


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93

1. Declarations and Initializations

4. Floating Point Issues

10. Structures, Unions, Enums

11. Input / Output

12. Command Line Arguments

13. Bitwise Operators

16. Memory Allocation

17. Variable Number of Arguments

18. Complicated Declarations

19. Library Functions

B.BHUVANESWARAN | AP (SG) | CSE | Rajalakshmi Engineering College | Chennai 3

1. What is the output of the program given below?

stud1 = pass (value is 0)

stud2 = atkt (value is 2)

stud3 = fail (value is 1)

B.BHUVANESWARAN | AP (SG) | CSE | Rajalakshmi Engineering College | Chennai 5

vary from compiler

Linker Error : Undefined symbol 'i'

Linker Error : Undefined symbol 'i'.

Hence a linker error has occurred.

6 B.BHUVANESWARAN | AP (SG) | CSE | Rajalakshmi Engineering College | Chennai

indicates that the variable a is defined elsewhere, usually in a separate

it prints the value of local variable int a = 20.

Because, whenever there is a conflict between local variable and global

B.BHUVANESWARAN | AP (SG) | CSE | Rajalakshmi Engineering College | Chennai 7

Any pointer size is 2 bytes (only 16-bit offset).

So, char *s1 = 2 bytes.

So, char far *s2; = 4 bytes.

So, char huge *s3; = 4 bytes.

Since C is a compiler dependent language, it may give different output in

8 B.BHUVANESWARAN | AP (SG) | CSE | Rajalakshmi Engineering College | Chennai

When an automatic structure is partially initialized remaining elements

B.BHUVANESWARAN | AP (SG) | CSE | Rajalakshmi Engineering College | Chennai 9

Whenever there is conflict between a local variable and global variable,

10 B.BHUVANESWARAN | AP (SG) | CSE | Rajalakshmi Engineering College | Chennai

Since x < y turns to be TRUE it is replaced by 1. Then 1 < z is compared

B.BHUVANESWARAN | AP (SG) | CSE | Rajalakshmi Engineering College | Chennai 11

int fun(int aa)

1. Type mismatch in redeclaration of fun.

2. Type mismatch in parameter aa.

12 B.BHUVANESWARAN | AP (SG) | CSE | Rajalakshmi Engineering College | Chennai

When an automatic array is partially initialized, the remaining elements

B.BHUVANESWARAN | AP (SG) | CSE | Rajalakshmi Engineering College | Chennai 13

printf("%d, %d, %d\n", u.ch[0], u.ch[1], u.i);

It prints the value ofu.ch[0] = 3, u.ch[1] = 2 and it prints the value of

So the output is 3, 2, 515.

14 B.BHUVANESWARAN | AP (SG) | CSE | Rajalakshmi Engineering College | Chennai

The for loop would not get executed at all

The for loop would get executed only once

The for loop would get executed 5 times

The for loop would get executed infinite times

Hence this for loop would get executed infinite times.

B.BHUVANESWARAN | AP (SG) | CSE | Rajalakshmi Engineering College | Chennai 15

In case of a conflict between a local variable and global variable, the

16 B.BHUVANESWARAN | AP (SG) | CSE | Rajalakshmi Engineering College | Chennai

1. What will be the output of the program?

B.BHUVANESWARAN | AP (SG) | CSE | Rajalakshmi Engineering College | Chennai 17

here variable i is an integer type and initialized to '0'.

for(; i <= 5; i++);

variable i = 0 is already assigned in previous step. The semicolon at the

Loop 1: here i = 0, the condition in for(; 0 <= 5; i++) loop satisfies

Loop 2: here i = 1, the condition in for(; 1 <= 5; i++) loop satisfies