This document provides an overview of a course on electromagnetic theory presented by Andrés Gómez at the National University Open and Distance "ONE D" in Popayán-Cauca, Colombia in April 2018. The course aims to understand wave behavior in open and enclosed mediums. It was presented to a group with tutor Wilmer Hernan Gutierrez.
This document provides an overview of a course on electromagnetic theory presented by Andrés Gómez at the National University Open and Distance "ONE D" in Popayán-Cauca, Colombia in April 2018. The course aims to understand wave behavior in open and enclosed mediums. It was presented to a group with tutor Wilmer Hernan Gutierrez.
This document provides an overview of a course on electromagnetic theory presented by Andrés Gómez at the National University Open and Distance "ONE D" in Popayán-Cauca, Colombia in April 2018. The course aims to understand wave behavior in open and enclosed mediums. It was presented to a group with tutor Wilmer Hernan Gutierrez.
Understand the waves behavior in open and enclosure mediums
Course: Electromagnetic Theory
Presented by: Andrés Gómez
Group:
Tutor: WILMER HERNAN GUTIERREZ
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OPEN AND DISTANCE
"ONE D" Popayán-Cauca April-2018 Solution step 6 Choose one of the following problems, taken from "Cutnell, J.D. & Johnson, K. W. (2009) Physics, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., New York, doi, 10, S0142-9612" Resolve and share the solution in the forum. Conduct a critical analysis on the contributions of group members and answer this in the forum. 1. When the vacuum red light strikes the Brewster angle on a glass slab, the refractive angle is 43 °. What are (a) the refractive index of the glass and (b) the Brewster angle? Since the angle of incidence is 43º then the refracted angle is 90º − 43º = 47º This since for the Brewster angle 𝜃𝐵 + 𝜃𝑟 = 90 By Snell's theory and law we have to 1𝑠𝑒𝑛(47º) = 𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑛(43º) Hence: 𝑠𝑒𝑛(47º) 𝑛= = 1.076 𝑠𝑒𝑛(43º) Then 𝑛 = 1.076 refractive index of the glass (b) Brewster's angle is equal to the reflected angle that in this case is 47º Each student in the group has to answer the following questions using academic references to 1. Explain how refraction and reflection phenomena could be used in transmission systems. The phenomena of refraction and reflection could be used in the transmission of information since these give us a greater speed; This is the case of optical fiber where the core of the fiber optic cable must have a refractive index (n1) greater than the refractive index (n2) of the coating. When this occurs, the light is reflected in such a way that it is not able to cross the surface between both means completely reflecting, Because the nucleus is completely surrounded by the coating, there is an advance of the light waves without losses towards the opposite end of the fiber. 2. Explain Snell's law, the critical angle and the practical applications where it could be used. Snell's law is a formula used to calculate the refractive angle of light when crossing the surface of separation between two means of propagation of light (or any electromagnetic wave) with a different refractive index. This law is important because, if we have two media characterized by different refractive indices separated by a surface, it will turn out that the light rays change direction, this change depends on the quotient between the refractive indexes. One of the first practical applications where it was used was to solve the shapes of the lenses that focus light with geometric aberrations, in the 10th century by Ibn Sahl, nowadays this law helps the elaboration and modeling of the optical fiber, or for the refraction of electrons in pn junctions of graphene according to the article is Shaowen Chen, Zheng Han. support the research: 3. Explain the physics behind lenses for optical diseases. First of all, it is important to know that lenses deflect light rays by means of refraction. The rays of light that impinge on one face will be deviated from their trajectory and redirected on the other side. Myopia (near vision): Light rays focus on the front of the retina, causing distant objects to blur. The lens to correct this problem is a "negative" lens. The shape of the lens is concave (thicker at the edge, thinner at the center) to bend the rays outward, allowing light to focus on the correct point to correct vision. Hyperopia (far vision) The rays of light are centered behind the retina, causing objects at all distances, especially near, to blur. In this case, a 'positive' lens is needed. The shape of the lens is convex (thicker at the center, thinner at the edge) to bend the rays inward, allowing light to focus on the correct point inside the eye and correct vision 4. What is the importance of the refractive index? Under controlled measurement conditions, it is a constant property for a medium and allows determining the purity of a substance or quantifying a given compound in binary mixtures of known constituents. Refractometers are important instruments in the food industry, since they are used in the analysis of liquid products and in the control of operations during the processing of various foods: milk and its derivatives, It is a rapidly determinable index and is very useful to follow a hydrogenation process. 5. Is it possible for a single beam of light to be refracted in several grains? Explain Yes, it is possible to remember that the frequency of a wave never changes when passing from one medium to another, for example, if a wave of white light comes from the air to the prism we will have: a decrease in the wavelength that results in a decrease in its propagation speed. Bibliografía Stanley, Marshall, Dubroff, Richard E. Skitek, Gabriel. Electromagnetismo–Conceptos y aplicaciones. Cuarta edición. México: Prentice Hall hispanoamericana, 1997. Reitz J. R., Milford F. J., Christy R. W. Fundamentos de la teoría electromagnética. Editorial Addison-Wesley Iberoamericana (1996). Fowles G. R. Introduction to modern Optics. Editorial Holt, Rinehart and Wisnton N. Y. (1975). Sears T. W. Óptica. Editorial Aguilar (1970).