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Mendes Wood is showing situation. But who knows for how much
work by Antonio Obá, who longer we’re going to be able to do that?”
is being sued by the state The Brazilian artist Marcius Galan, who
is showing with Galeria Luisa Strina at the
fair, says that some of Bolsonaro’s plans,
such as the “end of the ministry of culture”
and “the criminalisation of activism”, are
worrying. Pointing to the closure of an
exhibition dedicated to queer art at the
Santander Cultural Center in Porto Alegre
in 2017, Galan says: “I think artists are the
biggest risk to an authoritarian system of
government, so today, a cruel narrative is
being constructed to demoralise artists.”
Bolsonaro’s divisive ascent echoes
increasingly polarised politics worldwide,
from the election of US President
Donald Trump to the UK’s vote to leave
Country’s galleries are out in force at the the European Union. “The population
was so divided—families were fighting,
B
fair after far-right Jair Bolsonaro’s election friendships were being shattered,”
says Thiago Gomide, the co-director of Two local children are taking it in turns to man Josh Lilley’s
Bergamin & Gomide, another São Paulo- stand in the Nova section of Art Basel in Miami Beach, as
razilian galleries are of Transfiguration: Disappearance of a based gallery showing at the fair. part of the artist Derek Fordjour’s rough-hewn installation
the largest delegation Recipe for a Saint, in which he ground up Some are taking matters into their own Backroom. The brothers are not actors; Fordjour wanted
of Latin American a statuette of the Virgin Mary and poured hands; for example, under the “collective to introduce the future of the “real” Miami to the fair. Lilley
exhibitors at Art it over his naked body, was shared on action” known as Colera Alegria, people says: “We all just come here for a week and end up engaging
Basel in Miami Beach, social media by far-right groups last year. are encouraged to share posters on social so many people in this city without even thinking about who
accounting for 14 The gallery’s director Renato Silva says media to reappropriate “forms and words they are.” Of the eight mixed-media works on the stand, seven
stands—and responses that Obá, in the paintings, is “trying to misrepresented by right-wing discourses”, had presold; the remaining piece, Haberdashery (2018), was
to the country’s recent election of the bring back to life the body and the mind using the hashtag #coleraalegria. being held for one of several interested institutional buyers.
far-right president Jair Bolsonaro can be that [the far right] stole from him”. Miami’s institutions are also providing a
felt around the city this week. The former The artist is now “being sued by platform. This week, the Portuguese artist
army captain, who takes up office in the state for public moral indecency Pedro Neves Marques unveils a new work
January, has been dubbed “the Trump of and damaging a religious object. Given called A Mordida (the bite) at the Pérez VIPs stormed the Pace Prints
the tropics”, and his controversial views Bolsonaro’s appointment, we are probably Art Museum Miami. The film, he says, stand when the fair opened
and apparent lack of a cultural policy have going to have to get him out of the “fictionalises the Zika epidemic through on Wednesday, in the hope
caused alarm in Brazil’s art sector. country,” says the gallery’s co-founder genetically modified mosquitos, creating of snagging an editioned
Mendes Wood, based in São Paulo, Matthew Wood. Mendes Wood is also an eerie mood reflective of the increase triptych by KAWS, priced
Brussels and New York, is showing exhibiting works by Sonia Gomes, the of intolerant conservatism in politics in at $65,000. After a slew of
paintings by Antonio Obá that respond first living Afro-Brazilian woman to have Brazil, especially with the election of the $40,000 prints sold out last
to the Afro-Brazilian artist’s recent self- a solo show at a major Brazilian museum fascist Jair Bolsonaro”. Although the work year, collectors were eager to
imposed exile in Europe and the US. (Still I Rise, São Paulo Museum of Art, is abstract, he hopes that it is “very clear get their hands on the next
Obá received hundreds of threatening until 10 March). Wood says: “A lot of leftist about the current militarisation of society”. round, but the demand well
messages after his 2015 performance Acts intellectuals are using their agency in art Anna Brady exceeded the edition run
of 100. Within ten minutes,
a lottery system was put in
place, and many would-be
buyers left empty-handed. “There’s a crisis in value-making
Fair looks to the future as ‘campus’ around convention centre grows going on here,” says the art adviser Lisa Schiff, who adds that
people are “buying with their ears” rather than their eyes.
With the renovated $615m Miami Beach The Grand Ballroom is large enough to host
Convention Center fully open for this year’s fair large-scale sculptures, and the fair’s spokes-
comes a transition to what Noah Horowitz, Art woman says that installing and accessing such
Basel’s director of the Americas, describes as the works in the mezzanine space would not be an On Richard Gray Gallery’s
“next chapter” for Art Basel in Miami Beach. issue. The carpeted floor could make the room stand in the Kabinett
OBÁ, KAWS AND LILLEY: © VANESSA RUIZ. KATZ: COURTESY OF RICHARD GRAY GALLERY
One of the biggest additions is the 60,000 more fitting for performance, however. sector, an installation of
sq. ft Grand Ballroom, half of which is given over Horowitz stresses that more outdoor intimately scaled post-war
to Abraham Cruzvillegas’s Autorreconstrucción: spaces will be available by 2019, including a 5.8- works drawn from Gray’s
To Insist, to Insist, to Insist… (2018). This work is acre park planned for the convention centre’s personal collection proves
the only free project, after the fair discontinued parking lot and a 3.5-acre green space around a poignant tribute to the
its Film and Public sectors. However, Art Basel the historic Carl Fisher Clubhouse to the north. dealer, who died in April.
is “focusing on developing a new concept”, An 800-room hotel, to be built on a parking lot The works have all been
according to a spokeswoman for the fair. behind the Fillmore Miami Beach theatre, will promised as institutional
So does this signal an intention to introduce create what Horowitz calls a “campus” around gifts, but also on the gal-
something like Unlimited, the show of large- the convention centre. “There are more oppor- lery’s stand are paintings
scale installations that is such a hit in Basel? “We tunities before us in terms of retail, lifestyle, by Alex Katz and Franz
are not ruling out any possibility,” Horowitz says. indoor and outdoor space, but we don’t need Kline, which sold to private
“This is the first step in that direction. We want Abraham Cruzvillegas’s performance and to rush into this decision,” he says. Sold for $500,000: Red Hat collectors for around
to see how visitors circulate and use the space.” installation piece is in the Grand Ballroom Anny Shaw (Nicole) (2013) by Alex Katz $500,000 each. M.C.
THEART NEWS PAPER .COM / DOW N LOA D THE F R EE DA ILY A PP / @ THEA RTNEW SPAP ER / @ TH EARTN EWSPAP ER. OFFI CI AL
2 THEARTNEWSPAPER.COM ART BASEL IN MIAMI BEACH DAILY EDITION 6 DECEMBER 2018
NEWS
6 December 2018
wave art
the super-yacht
Indian Empress
before it was seized
by authorities
A
MFB Solicitors in London.
There is, of course, the danger
nyone driving into of your art being seized—not by
Miami Beach this pirates, but by Customs & Excise
week is sure to pass (which some taxpayers consider to
a string of super- be the same thing), if you attempt to
yachts—floating signi- avoid paying duty on objects bought
fiers of their owners’ wealth. These in other parts of the world. Recent
highly visible luxury purchases, court cases should serve as warnings
which come with their own multi- to collectors who try to hide their
million-dollar price tags and creative assets by sending them out to sea.
names, often hold a cache of cultural This summer, the mega-yacht if valuable art was on the yacht,” seized, according to Watson. the UK’s jurisdiction, but this held
treasures, from antiquities to con- Equanimity, belonging to the Watson says. “But the insurance Such cases raise interesting no sway with Spain’s judges, who
temporary art. But is a yacht the best 36-year-old Malaysian businessman brokers probably do.” questions in a world where yachts, deemed the work a national treasure
place to keep your art collection? Jho Low, was first seized in Bali. Low, In a similar case, Vijay Mallya, the often with a complex web of and Adix subject to Spanish law.
In theory, works are no more who is now a fugitive, is accused of former chairman of India’s largest ownerships, transport valuable art “There are a host of local rules
at risk on a super-yacht, where stealing billions from his country’s brewer, who has also been charged from one jurisdiction to another. In and regulations governing the
temperature, humidity and light sovereign wealth fund 1MBD and with financial misconduct, had his 2015, for example, French customs inventories of yachts,” Watson says.
are maintained by a full-time crew using the money to buy real-estate yacht—the Indian Empress—seized officers seized Picasso’s Head of a “They vary from country to country
of up to 50 people, than in a house. and yachts, as well as an art collec- in Malta. Although the boat was sold Young Woman (1906) from Adix, and even from port to port.” All
High-value items on a yacht will also tion that at one point contained a in September for €35m, a number of the Spanish billionaire Jaime Botín’s of which makes climate and light
be insured separately, since they $39m painting by Basquiat as well items that were on board, including yacht. Although it was moored in control seem like the least of a
could be worth more than the boat. as works by Van Gogh, Monet, valuable paintings, were spirited Corsica, He argued that it was sailing collector’s concerns.
They may also be fakes. “Insurance Calder and Rothko. “We don’t know away before they could also be under a British flag and was thus in Andrea Marechal Watson
reshapes the meaning of guerrilla weapons Female artists have long fought for a
fairer share of the art market’s atten-
YACHTS: DIEGO TUSON/AFP/GETTY IMAGES. SALCEDO: JUAN FERNANDO CASTRO; COURTESY OF THE ARTIST. NERI: © VANESSA RUIZ
tion—and collectors may finally be
“In peace processes all over the to open in Bogotá on 10 December. Salcedo decided instead to open giving it. According to the 2018 UBS
world, women have been called It was a cathartic and poignant a dialogue about what it means Investor Watch Pulse Report, released
upon to testify and to forgive what process, Salcedo says. “The women’s to be a victim. “In any country or today, gender is a determining factor
happened to their fathers, broth- reaction was extraordinary because in any war, there is no such thing when buying a work for three out of
ers and sons,” says the Colombian of their awareness that the gun’s as the perfect victim. There are five collectors, and 70% intend to
sculptor Doris Salcedo, “but never to meaning was being transformed perpetrators who are often also buy works by women in the next year.
talk about themselves and what has by their agency of hammering and victims, and some victims who “We’ve had a lot of clients with wom-
happened to their own bodies.” Now, reshaping the metal. They were eventually become perpetrators. So en-centric collections for a while,”
some of the 15,000 women sexually quite moved to realise that they were it’s a far more complex view of what says Alissa Friedman of Salon 94,
assaulted during the 53-year war making art and history,” she says. it means to be responsible for war which has works by Marina
between the Colombian government The project was initially met crimes,” the artist says. Adams, Huma Bhabha, Judy
and leftist Farc rebels are telling their Guns used to make Fragmentos, with resistance from Farc command- Farc rebels began to recount Chicago, Marilyn Minter
stories through a new memorial—or the Colombian sculptor’s new work ers who envisaged another type of their own harrowing expe- and Ruby Neri on its
“anti-monument”, as Salcedo calls monument. But Salcedo talked them riences. Some had been stand. “Hopefully
it—to mark the signing of the peace melted down, mixed with cold rolled round. “They wanted the guns to recruited as children; others this means the rest
deal almost two years ago. steel and set into slabs. Salcedo and continue this myth of the warrior, of had seen members of their of society is just
For the project, titled Fragmentos the women pounded the metal into the person who frees your country families tortured and killed. catching up.” M.C.
(“fragments” in Spanish), Salcedo 1,300 tiles, which now form the using violence. But as a female sculp- “In our war, everybody is a little
used 37 tonnes of weapons turned floor of a Carlos Granada-designed tor, the last thing I wanted to do was bit of everything,” Salcedo says. Ruby Neri’s Two Women
over by Farc fighters, which she contemporary art centre that is due build an obelisk,” she says. Anny Shaw (2018), at Salon 94
MUZEUM SUSCH
OPEN TO THE PUBLIC FROM JANUARY 2ND 2019
IN THE ENGADIN VALLEY IN THE SWISS ALPS.
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AEROSOLAR CONVERSATIONS
INTERPLANETARY POLITICS
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PODCAST
Viveros-Fauné
in association with
American art’s
where Argentines buy Argentine art
and Mexicans buys Mexican art, and so
American art’s
on, quickly gave way to more worldly month in the sun”
collecting. This, in turn, morphed into a
El Dorado
broadening of Latin America’s collector Museo de Arte Latinoamericano de
networks. Regional buyers met one Buenos Aires—underwent significant
another in Miami, where they also expansion. The same happened with
interacted with their North American fairs: cue the creation of ArtBo in
and European counterparts. By 2013, Bogotá, Zona Maco in Mexico City
For Art Basel in Miami Florida city was selected as Art Basel’s a transformation had taken place: half and MECA in Puerto Rico. Predictably,
Beach’s 10th Anniversary in American destination in 2000. Early a dozen major museums in the US and these advances dovetailed with
2011, the local developer and concerns about the breadth and quality Europe, including New York’s Museum higher prices for Latin American art at
collector Craig Robbins reflected in The of Latin collectors abated quickly with of Modern Art and Tate Modern in galleries and auctions.
Art Newspaper on the wide-ranging the arrival of the early crowds. By London, had developed special funding According to experts, Latin
impact of the fair juggernaut. “Cultural 2004, The Art Newspaper reported dedicated to supporting Latin American American art’s growth continues to Conversation and debate
events can have a huge influence on that the Latin American market had art, enshrining its collectors as both evolve. At a 2017 talk at ABMB devoted from inside the art world
how a city evolves,” he said. The same “expanded rapidly”; two years later, the trustees and global tastemakers. to art in Argentina, the consultant Listen and subscribe
goes for global art scenes, he might same patrons were said to be “collect- Related developments ensued. András Szántó laid out a formula for A new episode debuts every Friday via
have added. Consider Art Basel in ing internationally, while US buyers are Institutions like the Museum of Fine frictionless integration into the global
the usual podcast channels, including
Miami Beach (ABMB). Just as the fair looking south”. Arts, Houston, the Royal Academy art world. “You need strong institu-
has transformed Miami’s image and In a 2009 interview, former of Arts in London and the Pérez Art tions,” he said, “strong artists, collec- iTunes, TuneIn and SoundCloud. From
economy, its history reveals the annual journalist turned ABMB director Marc Museum in Miami, partnered with tors who are able to give that initial a desktop or laptop, find the show at
gathering’s enormous influence on Spiegler spoke of how Miami became Latin American collectors such as Ella boost and a regulatory environment theartnewspaper.com/podcast
Latin America’s flourishing art trade. the “nexus for the Latin American Fontanals-Cisneros and Patricia Phelps that invites the art trade.” Argentina,
December in Miami has become elite”. As he put it: “It was one of de Cisneros to produce history-making like the rest of Latin America, only
Latin American art’s month in the [ABMB’s] founding principles to have travelling shows. Similar museums meets the first three conditions. This theartnewspaper.com
sun. Yet plenty of sceptics doubted access to the Latin American market south of the border—among them leaves ample room for setbacks, but
the region’s potential when the south and to develop it in the process.” Mexico City’s Jumex Collection and also plenty for growth. ␣
MNUCHIN GALLERY
ART BASEL | MIAMI BEACH
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2008: Chris Taylor arrested—again
No Art Basel in Miami Beach would be complete without some Chris Taylor catastrophe,
for this handsome, part-time rock star and full-time gallerist with Museum 52 is a lightning
rod for the wrath of US authorities. Readers may remember that he was brought to the
ground by a Swat team outside Miami’s Deuce bar last year, after police mistook him for a
South Beach gangster of a similar description. Now, in another case of mistaken identity,
he was nearly refused entry into the US by Homeland Security, who assumed that he was
the deadbeat Georgian criminal of the same name. Only after strenuously explaining that
Nikolai (left) and Simon Haas he had never been to the state was the hapless Taylor reluctantly admitted into Miami.
CHERRY: GETTY IMAGES, 2018. TAYLOR: ITAR-TASS NEWS AGENCY/ALAMY. BONO: DIMITRIOS KAMBOURIS/GETTY IMAGES FOR THE (RED) AUCTION 2018. ANTON: COURTESY OF PETER ANTON. HAAS BROTHERS: JOE KRAMM/R & COMPANY
constructive helper. Go with your gut by the UK starchitect David Adjaye and
more than with your head—the ego Partygoers at White Cube’s lavish Art Basel bash, held at Soho Beach House the artist Theaster Gates. Presiding over
is a dangerous thing and can make earlier this week, chomped on mountains of seafood, quaffed buckets of the auction was Oliver Barker of Sotheby’s,
you fear putting yourself out there, champagne and went back to the 1990s, dancing to classic hits performed who encouraged the audience to take
even when your work makes you feel by none other than Neneh Cherry. The sassy Swedish rapper belted out some home the paddles “and use them for what-
something. Putting out work requires of her most famous tunes, including Buffalo Stance and Manchild, sending ever”. Bidders vied for pieces by Adjaye, From left: Larry Gagosian, Theaster
you to be vulnerable, so you have to the well-heeled crowd into a frenzy. “You’re a classy crowd,” Cherry hollered. Gates and other art-world heavyweights Gates, Bono and David Adjaye
remember your own worth regardless “This is all for the love of art.” Most of the arty bunch were determined to including Marilyn Minter, Jeff Koons, Jenny
of how people respond to it. Work is throw their best moves, with some rather interesting jerking motions in Holzer and Ebony Patterson, whose work walked away with snazzy bespoke trainers
about the feeling it gives its maker, evidence on the dance floor. “Yo, Miami bitch,” shouted Cherry, before quickly was snapped up by Gates for the hammer designed by Christian Louboutin, stiletto-
so it cannot be wrong. Let the critic correcting herself wryly. “Sorry! Miami Beach.” price of $58,000. Two lucky bidders maker to the stars—in red, naturally.
come in when it is helpful, but not
otherwise. [The drag queen and actor]
RuPaul says that he tells his inner
Chocoholics anonymous
critic: “You can look, but don’t stare.” I
think that is great advice.
Who likes chocolate and art? Just about
Artoon by Pablo Helguera
NIKOLAI Show it to people you everybody this side of the North Pole.
love and even those you do not. Those who crave the sweet stuff are
Take what they say to heart if they bound to “almond joy” the US artist Peter
give it to you in earnest. Art is a form Anton’s ten-foot-high sculpture Choco
of communication; I want to make Tower, which comprises six lip-smacking,
things that speak to a lot of people. So supersized stacked chocolates that look
understanding your audience is very good enough to eat. This tower of sweet
important. Again, just be yourself. treats, presented by Germany’s Galerie
von Braunbehrens, is on show at the
Who would win in a fight, you Art Miami fair. “The creation of Choco
or the Campana Brothers? Tower is a natural evolution of my work.
Chocolate has a powerful influence over
NIKOLAI If they wanted to fight, they us and stirs passion and emotions like
would win. I have been in enough no other food,” Anton says, outlining
hockey fights to never do that again. I why the brown stuff matters. “I love to
think we would be pretty passive. celebrate the importance and allure of
food within people’s lives, both past
SIMON I really do not like fights. I and present,” he adds. But chocoholics
hope we would instead agree to work looking for their daily fix should not sink
on a piece together. I admire those their teeth into the good-enough-to-eat
guys; it would be a cool piece. piece unless they want a mouthful of Visions of (very big) bon bons:
aluminium casing. Peter Anton’s Choco Tower
L OWE
2610 SW 28th Lane 1301 Stanford Drive
Miami, FL 33133 Coral Gables, FL 33146
www.lnsgallery.com 305.284.3535
CARLOS ALFONZO (1950-91) A Tongue to Utter, 1988, acrylic on canvas, 11 x 16 ft and Ballerinas, 1988, steel and paint, 115 x 45 x 48 in; www.lowe.miami.edu
95 x 47 x 50 in; 92 x 60 x 47 in. Courtesy of private collection and LnS Gallery. Photo: Nuuris Ortiz.
I B E A C H , USA/
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#D
DESIGNMIAMI.COM @DESIGNMIAMI
Surrounded Islands
(Project for Biscayne Bay, Greater Miami, Florida) 1981
pencil, fabric, charcoal, wax crayon, pastel, aerial photograph,
Christo Surrounded Islands
and enamel paint (Project for Biscayne Bay, Greater Miami, Florida)
11 × 28", 27.9 × 71.1 cm; 22 × 28", 55.9 × 71.1 cm; two parts
© 2018 Christo 1981–83
FEATURE
Art market
The growth in
art-secured lending
could transform
the art market’s
relationship with
the financial
markets.
By Georgina Adam
A
Warhol or a Wool hanging
on your wall may give you
great pleasure, but it used
to be that art gave you no
monetary return—unless
you sold it.
No longer. Today that
work of art can remain on your wall and at
the same time give you cash in hand, allowing
ENRICHING
a reliable price. And yet, according to a report
published last year by Deloitte and ArtTactic,
in 2017 the global total of loans outstanding
against art was eye-popping: between $17bn
and $20bn.
“Perhaps the biggest driver of growth
in this field has been a mindset shift by
collectors who once viewed their art purely
as a hobby or aesthetic pursuit and now view
it as a strategic asset,” writes Evan Beard, a
national art services executive at US Trust, in
the first Tefaf Art Finance Report, published
earlier this year. US Trust has a stunning
$6.7bn out in loans secured against art, and A US dollar bill signed by Andy Warhol and “Americans are so much more accustomed
other private banks such as Citi or JP Morgan (from left) Takashi Murakami, Keith Haring to borrowing,” says Barbara Chu, a partner
have loan books that also run into the bil- and Anselm Kiefer, who have all had owners at Emigrant Fine Art Finance, the art lending
lions of dollars. use their works to leverage loans arm of Emigrant Bank: “And there are cultural
“You will probably find that many of biases against borrowing in some countries;
the US-based names in Artnews’s top 200 people are generally averse to debt in the UK
collectors list have borrowed against their art and Germany.” She adds: “Our financing offers
holdings,” Beard says. While precise figures another option for people to monetise their
are difficult to obtain, according to a number offshore assets.”
of players in the market, the vast bulk—in The biggest loan books are held by private
excess of 80%—of the art-secured lending banks, such as US Trust, with departments
business is in the US. servicing their clients by giving recourse loans
against their art holdings. But for others, there
are specialist boutique lenders offering both
ON THE RISE recourse and non-recourse loans, and here is
MURAKAMI: AFLO/ALAMY. KIEFER: DPA PICTURE ALLIANCE ARCHIVE/ALAMY. WARHOL: PETER MACDIARMID/GETTY IMAGES
And it is a buoyant sector: “Our client base in where there are a number of newcomers in
the US is strong and growing,” says Suzanne the field: the London-based Fine Art Group
Gyorgy, the head of Citi Private Bank’s Art moved into this area two years ago, TPC Art
Advisory and Finance. “Most notable is the Finance just one year ago. The auction houses
increase in the size of the art loans. Ten to 15 are also more than willing to lend against art
years ago, typical art loan facilities were in and the main player, Sotheby’s, has a $1.1bn
the tens of millions; today it is increasingly war chest with which to do so.
common to offer art loans facilities in the hun- Almost all of the firms will lend against
dreds of millions.” And while the US is strong, 40% to 50% of the appraised value of the
Gyorgy says: “Business is growing dramatically work; some will take possession, others
in Asia and Latin America as well.” not. In the US, Uniform Commercial Code
(UCC) filings identify works of art with a lien
against them, and in many cases this means
“In 2017, the global total that the borrower can continue to enjoy
their work of art and not see it crated off into
of loans outstanding storage. Elsewhere in the world, where no
UCC exists, lenders generally want to hold
against art was the art until the loan is paid off.
Presenting Sponsor
10 THEARTNEWSPAPER.COM ART BASEL IN MIAMI BEACH DAILY EDITION 6 DECEMBER 2018
FEATURE
Art market
CONTINUED FROM PAGE 9 who are likely to charge interest in the upper
single figures; some, such as TPC, Falcon Fine The dealer Anatole
UCC filings are publicly available, and a Art or Emigrant, are the lending arm of a Shagalov bought
quick browse through some of the lenders bank or finance company. “Non-banks” such Keith Haring’s
reveals a wide spread of owners who have lev- as Sotheby’s will lend up to 60% of the low Untitled (1982) for
eraged works. The Turkish trader Yomi Rodrik, auction value at around 8% interest, but gen- $6.5m at Sotheby’s
for example, has borrowed against nine works erally will do so against future consignment of in 2017, but
by the likes of Rudolf Stingel, Anselm Kiefer, the work(s) for sale. defaulted on the
Takashi Murakami and Jean Dubuffet from At the other end of the scale are short- payment. Sotheby’s
Athena Fine Art Financing, launched three term, lower-value lenders such as Borro, has accused him
years ago by Carlyle Group with $280m in with offices in London, New York and Los of attempting to
funding (but now seeking a buyer). Omanut Angeles, which might give a loan for just hide his assets
Holdings borrowed against 25 works, including £100,000 for three months, but at 1% to 2.5% by signing over
pieces by Keith Haring, Mark Grotjahn and interest per month. $10m-worth of art
KAWS, from TPC Art Finance. Art dealers who Outside the US, according to Tim Hunter of for $6.9m to the art
have taken loans—among them Pace, Mitchell- Falcon, “the market is massively underdevel- loan company AOI
Innes and Nash, Paul Kasmin and Gagosian— oped”. He identifies a number of reasons: the
can also be found in the filings. absence of UCC, the varying laws in different
countries and cultural differences. But things
INTEREST-RATE VARIANCE
are changing, says Freya Stewart of the Fine LOAN AND FINANCING OPTIONS TO CONSIDER
Art Group, which lends in the $150m to $500m
Interest rates vary wildly depending on a
number of factors. At one end of the spec-
range: “In Europe, younger collectors have
a different view of the concept of leveraging
SOTHEBY’S FINANCIAL TPC ART FINANCE
trum are the private banks, which can offer assets; they are far savvier than the older SERVICES Specialised lender
very favourable rates—from the mid-single generation and see this as a smart thing to do.” Auction house Founded in 2017, belongs to the
figures—to their clients, who have other However, some borrowers may be entering too Chicago-based Three Points Capital
Leading provider of auction-related
assets beside art; some will only lend over enthusiastically into loan agreements. This year Lends 45%-50% of value of art, non-recourse
financing, established 25 years ago; has
$5m, with a minimum term for at least a there have been cases of overleveraging, for Interest rates are “low to mid-teens”,
access to Sotheby’s combined credit facility
year. And remember that a $5m loan means example the US art dealer Anatole Shagalov, depending on the size of the loan
with a borrowing capacity of $1.1bn
the work of art must be worth at least double who has taken loans against art but has alleg- Minimum loan $250,000, maximum $5m
Generally lends up to 60% of an auction low Takes possession of the asset
that. Most lenders, as well, prefer to lend edly defaulted on some purchases. An outlier, estimate, average interest rate in Q3 was 8%.
against a collection rather than a single piece. perhaps, but the consequence of what some for duration of loan
Minimum and maximum size of loan not revealed
Then there are the specialised lenders, see as a very frothy art market. Recourse loans
Generally take possession of the asset FALCON FINE ART
KEY TERMS EXPLAINED Specialised lender
FULL-RECOURSE LOAN: If the debt Assets can CITI London-based, created four years ago as the
be seized if a Private bank art arm of the specialist financier Falcon Group
is not repaid, the lender can go after Lends 40%-50% of the appraised
the borrower’s other assets. borrower fails to Pioneered the sector, has been offer-
repay a loan ing loans against art since 1979 value for works of art
Minimum loan size $5m, no maximum Interest rate is “high singles over Libor”
NON-RECOURSE LOAN: If the debt Minimum loan $1m, no upper limit
is not repaid, the lender can take the Interest rate: “Based off of Libor and driven
Clients can sometimes keep
art given as collateral but cannot seek by the financial strength of the borrower”
possession of the asset
further compensation, even if its value Recourse loans
In the US, generally does not take posses-
is lower than the amount of the debt. SOME OF THE MAIN PLAYERS
Opening Celebration
Thursday, December 6, 2018 | 8 - 11pm
IN PICTURES
Miami’s movers and shakers
The US artist
Charles Gaines
The US artist Storm Janse van Rensburg, the head curator at Georgia’s Scad
First on to
Stephon Senegal Museum of Art, with fellow Scad curator Humberto Moro
the f loor
Art Basel in Miami Beach opened to VIPs on an overcast Wednesday morning,
but there were plenty of sunny faces to lighten the mood. We spotted curators,
collectors, artists and, of course, celebrities—although the ever-present actor
and collector Leonardo di Caprio evaded our lens. The art collector
Maja Hoffmann
Eagle eyes: Gareth Harris and Victoria Stapley-Brown. Portraits: Vanessa Ruiz
THEARTNEWSPAPER.COM ART BASEL IN MIAMI BEACH DAILY EDITION 6 DECEMBER 2018 13
Alan Faena, the Argentine art collector who The British-Liberian visual Justine Ludwig, the director of the New York-
launched the first Faena Festival this week artist Lina Iris Viktor based non-profit arts organisation Creative Time
The US painter
Amy Sherald
LOPEZ AND SHERALD: © GARETH HARRIS. ALL OTHER IMAGES: © VANESSA RUIZ
The singer and actress Jennifer Lopez with her boyfriend, The art collectors Debra
former New York Yankees baseball star Alex Rodriguez and Dennis Scholl
16 THEARTNEWSPAPER.COM ART BASEL IN MIAMI BEACH DAILY EDITION 6 DECEMBER 2018
INTERVIEW
Artists
T
The husband- he artist Pedro Reyes and Two large-scale installations designed
and-wife team the fashion designer Carla by Reyes and Fernández are being shown at
are showing two Fernández are the winners Design Miami (until 9 December), along with
new installations of the 14th edition of the works from the past decade. These works con-
at Design Miami, Design Miami Visionary trast hands-on design traditions with concerns
FERNÁNDEZ AND REYES: ANA HOP; COURTESY OF DESIGN MIAMI
as well as works Award, an annual prize around automation and our tech-obsessed zeit-
made over the established in collaboration geist, and also address current socio-political
past decade with the Savannah College of Art and Design issues. On 5 December, Rodman Primack, the
(Scad) to honour creatives making significant fair’s chief creative officer, moderated a talk
contributions to the design world. The artists— with the artists on the importance of “coming
and husband-and-wife team—were recognised together to make art, architecture, design and
for their “always brilliantly synthesised spec- fashion that is rooted in social consciousness
trum of influences, from Brutalism to Mexican and justice, and that keeps craft alive and
indigenous culture to progressive values”, says vibrant”, Reyes says. Scad is slated to open an
Craig Robins, the founder of Design Miami. exhibition of the artists’ works next February.
unearth from our are increasing. Looking ahead, we protest signs, posters and ephemera from
past. The furniture I’m
designing is based on
are going to have increasing migra-
tion. On the other hand, we also
can’t be oblivious the 1968 uprisings in Mexico, Paris, Prague
and Berkeley. Fifty years ago, there was a
Pre-Columbian artefacts.
My metate chair has three
want to show that many of these
indigenous cultures continue to
to the world in revolution that signalled a social and cul-
tural turning point worldwide and inspired
legs, a constant feature in exist, and that, in contrast to these which we live” artists to also get political.
1-4, 2019
CenturyLink Field Event Center
seattleartfair.com
daniel buren
BOOTH E6
Lisa Yuskavage
Babie Brood: Amadeo Lorenzato Marcel Dzama
Small Paintings 1985–2018 January/February January 22–March 9
November 8–December 15
Josef Albers
January 8–February 16
Charles White
January 10–February 16
R. Crumb
January 10–February 16
Lisa Yuskavage
New Paintings
November 8–December 15
James Welling
January 10–February 16
David Zwirner
@miamidesigndistrict
EXPLORE ,
D I S C OV E R ,
INSPIRED.
Miami’s Cultural Landscape
THEARTNEWSPAPER.COM ART BASEL IN MIAMI BEACH DAILY EDITION 6 DECEMBER 2018 21
CALENDAR
Art Basel in Miami Beach
a cross between Judd’s large cubes;
their pastel acrylic and canvas
finishing serving as a cheeky nod
to artists of the Light and Space
genre such as Robert Irwin, but
with the centres of the squares
cut out so as to leave a giant void.
“She was very much involved in
that artistic conversation—she
was presenting a critique of
the machismo of Minimalism,”
Gartenfeld says.
The exhibition includes other
key feminist pieces, such as her
test plates for the Dinner Party,
shown publicly for the first time,
as well as the Birth Project (1980-
85), a series of 85 needlepoint
and textile works, as well as one
large-scale drawing, all containing
images of pregnancy and birth,
which were somewhat controver-
sial at the time of their creation.
Another more ephemeral piece
is being reprised especially for the
show in the form of a site-specific,
one-day smoke installation in
the museum’s sculpture garden,
which is due to be presented on
23 February. Her smoke pieces
One of the from the 1960s and early 1970s
artist’s sprayed were originally developed as a
car bonnets, critique of monumental architec-
Flight Hood
CHICAGO: © JUDY CHICAGO/ARTISTS RIGHTS SOCIETY (ARS), NEW YORK; PHOTO: © DONALD WOODMAN/ARS, NEW YORK; COURTESY OF SALON 94, NEW YORK, AND JESSICA SILVERMAN GALLERY, SAN FRANCISCO
CALENDAR
Art Basel in Miami Beach
○ Non-
commercial
Art and Culture Center
of Hollywood
1650 Harrison Street, Hollywood
• Center to Center
UNTIL 6 JANUARY 2019
ArtCenter/South Florida
924 Lincoln Road, Miami Beach
• Susan Lee-Chun: 10 X-Large MDC Museum of Art + Design, Sweetly Play the Dance (2015), is a darker as each part of the parade participants. The images allude to
UNTIL 3 FEBRUARY 2019 Freedom Tower, Miami Dade College 15-minute rendition of the danse introduces a set of new characters real-life events and tragedies such as
UNTIL 20 JANUARY 2019 macabre or “dance of death”, an that play out their parts to a tune of the Ebola outbreak in Africa and the
Audemars Piguet The South African artist allegorical representation of our suffering. The twists and turns of global refugee crisis, but instead of
Art Commission William Kentridge brings his inescapable mortality. The eight pirouetting dancers swirl past getting too specific, Kentridge keeps
Miami Beach Oceanfront, brazenly outspoken imagery to the larger-than-life projections create a silhouettes of frail figures affixed to the overall work universal—like
between 21st and 22nd St big screen—that is, a 130ft-long visual storybook in which silhouetted intravenous drips while other figures death itself.
• Tomás Saraceno for screen wrapping the perimeter walls figures march in a choreographed, poke, prod and swing at the Sarah Vitale
Aerocene: Albedo
UNTIL 9 DECEMBER
HistoryMiami Museum • Judy Chicago: a Reckoning • Daniel Chimowitz: Walking Canvases Means I Love You in Italics Museum of Contemporary
Bakehouse Art Complex 101 West Flagler Street, Miami UNTIL 21 APRIL 2019 UNTIL 3 FEBRUARY 2019 UNTIL 16 FEBRUARY 2019 Art, North Miami
561 NW 32nd Street, Wynwood, Miami • Miami Street Photography • William Copley: the Coffin • The Art of the Lithograph 770 NE 125th Street, North Miami
• Collectivity Festival 2018 They Carry You Off In 7 NOVEMBER-3 MARCH 2019 Lowe Art Museum • AfriCobra: Messages
UNTIL 30 MARCH 2019 6-9 DECEMBER UNTIL 12 MAY 2019 University of Miami, 1301 Stanford to the People
Locust Projects Drive, Coral Gables UNTIL 7 APRIL 2019
The Bass Institute of Contemporary JW Marriott Marquis Hotel 3852 North Miami Ave, Miami • Yousuf Karsh:
2100 Collins Avenue, Miami Beach Art, Miami 225 Biscayne Boulevard Way, Miami • Bethany Collins: the Litany American Portraits NSU Art Museum
• Paola Pivi: Art with a View 61 NE 41st Street, Miami • Lobby Installation including UNTIL 26 JANUARY 2019 UNTIL 20 JANUARY 2019 Fort Lauderdale
UNTIL 10 MARCH 2019 • Larry Bell: Time Machines Federico Uribe and Alex Katz • Michael Loveland: In • Giampaolo Seguso: 1 East Las Olas Boulevard,
• Aaron Curry: Tune Yer Head UNTIL 10 MARCH 2019 UNTIL 9 DECEMBER Process [Civic Sculpture] My Page Is Glass Fort Lauderdale
UNTIL 21 APRIL 2019 • Manuel Solano: I Don’t Wanna UNTIL 26 JANUARY 2019 UNTIL 27 JANUARY 2019 • Remember to React: 60
• The Haas Brothers: Ferngully Wait for Our Lives to be Over Jewish Museum of Florida-FIU Various locations • Dialogues: Studio Glass Years of Collecting
UNTIL 21 APRIL 2019 UNTIL 14 APRIL 2019 301 Washington Avenue, Miami Beach • Jibade Khalil Huffman: “______________” from the Florence and Robert UNTIL 30 JUNE 2019
Walgreens Windows, Werner Collection • William J. Glackens and
2300 Collins Ave, Miami Beach UNTIL 27 JANUARY 2019 Pierre-Auguste Renoir:
• Odalis Valdivieso: Performing • Elsie Kalstone: Imaginative Things Affinities and Distinctions
the Self and Other Selves
UNTIL 1 MARCH 2019 Titans of Surrealism mingle with UNTIL 19 MAY 2019 UNTIL 19 MAY 2019
UNTIL 6 JANUARY 2019 The collectors Rosa and Carlos de la relevant today,” says Carlos de la Cruz. The • Liliana Porter: El hombre
Cruz have selected more than 150 wide-ranging group show intermingles The Moore Building con el Hacha y Otras
Haitian Heritage Museum works from their holdings in various pieces by pivotal Surrealists Salvador Dalí 191 NE 40th Street, Miami Situaciones Breves
105 4141 NE Second Ave, Miami media—paintings, works on paper, and Wifredo Lam alongside contemporary • Gagosian and Jeffrey Deitch UNTIL 29 SEPTEMBER 2019
• Marc Baptiste: Haiti à la Mode photographs, sculptures and large-scale works by Thomas Houseago and Lucy Present Pop Minimalism/ • José Carlos Martinat:
UNTIL 25 APRIL 2019 installation pieces—for the show, More/Less. McKenzie, among others. S.V. Minimalist Pop American Echo Chamber
UNTIL 9 DECEMBER UNTIL 26 JANUARY 2020
THEARTNEWSPAPER.COM ART BASEL IN MIAMI BEACH DAILY EDITION 6 DECEMBER 2018 23
Loewe Foundation
110 NE 39th Street, Miami Tickets & Information: AIPADShow.com
A sketch for Christo and Jeanne-Claude’s Surrounded Islands, in an
exhibition about the 1980s project at the Pérez Art Museum Miami CONTINUED ON PAGE 24
24 THEARTNEWSPAPER.COM ART BASEL IN MIAMI BEACH DAILY EDITION 6 DECEMBER 2018
CALENDAR
Art Basel in Miami Beach
• Chance Encounters IV
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PARK AVENUE ARMORY
TEFAF.COM #tefaf2019
Buyers: diversity
in arts brings out
diverse legal issues
“FOR YEARS, MANY people thought
of Miami primarily for the beach,”
but the “city at the crossroads of
the Americas” hosts a range of art,
from murals by international artists
to vernacular architecture, says
Franklin Sirmans, the director of the
Pérez Art Museum Miami. A fitting
backdrop for the diversity of works
Jorge Pérez
at Art Basel in Miami Beach, where
offerings ranging “from the early 20th
century to contemporary art, and
from oil paintings to digital works,”
can raise different legal questions,
T
says Frank Lord, a New York art lawyer.
For example, how do you know if
export and import requirements were
he billionaire real
estate developer
the winnings of a dorm room poker
game in college—a payout that
If money were no object, what
would be your dream purchase?
“We have pieces complied with on foreign works?
A pre-war piece could be subject
and art collector kicked off my lifelong passion for The large Water Lilies by Claude in every inch of to claims that it was Nazi loot. For
Jorge Pérez and collecting. The piece still hangs in Monet, at the Musée de l’Orangerie. mid-century works—for example by
his wife Darlene my office, a daily reminder of where the house, even Warhol or Pollock, “authenticity can be
Boytell-Pérez have
more than 1,000
I started and why I collect art. Which work do you regret
not buying when you had the in the closets” a big question,” Lord says. Other legal
questions can arise for contemporary
works by contemporary and Modern What is your most recent buy? chance? art—if it is a digital work, how many
Latin American artists, including We literally bought a piece yes- Diego Rivera’s Calla Lily Vendor What is the most surprising copies will be sold? What if the physical
Roberto Matta, Frida Kahlo and terday, a neon called Successful came to auction about 20 years place you have displayed a work? media degrades or the technology
Diego Rivera. Over the last decade, Woman, Angry Men by Hank Willis ago… I lost by one bid! The walls of my master bathroom becomes obsolete?
the Buenos Aires-born collector has Thomas that will be displayed at feature many pieces I am fond of. To address authenticity concerns,
made significant donations to the Goodman Gallery’s booth during If your house was on fire, which Truth is, we have pieces in every “representations and warranties as to
Pérez Art Museum, Miami (Pamm), Art Basel Miami Beach. work would you save? inch of the house, from the stair- authenticity are important to have in
the Herzog & de Meuron-designed Helen Frankenthaler’s Vanilla wells to the bathrooms and even the the purchase agreement or invoice,”
museum on Biscayne Bay that was What is your preferred way of or Frank Stella’s Scramble. We closets. We love to live with art. says New York art lawyer John Cahill.
renamed in 2013 in recognition of buying art? installed both in our master “If the artist issues certificates of
his contributions. In 2016, Pérez I prefer galleries I have an estab- bedroom. Staring at each from bed Which artists, dead or alive, authenticity, buyers should be sure to
gave the museum $10m, along lished relationship with and who is my new favourite way to relax. would you invite to your dream get the original and not a copy.” Buyers
with more than 200 works of art represent my favourite artists. dinner party? may also be able to check authenticity
from his collection. Last year, he Working with local galleries also Which of all the works in your I am going to pick ones who have with the artist’s estate, studio, or a
helped to launch Pamm’s Latin allows me the opportunity to collection requires the most passed, or else I would have a lot catalogue raisonné.
American and Latinx Art Fund, an communicate with the artists maintenance? of artist friends upset by exclu- Buyers should be aware that
initiative created to support the themselves, which is priceless. We have a Niki de Saint Phalle sion. Diego Rivera and Frida Kahlo allegations of copyright infringement
PORTRAIT: PHOTO: NICK GARCIA, COURTESY OF THE RELATED GROUP
museum’s future exhibitions and Sometimes I buy from the auction sculpture right on Biscayne Bay. The are two of my dream dinner guests: are more common for a 20th-century
programming. Pérez also supports houses, especially if it is a piece I rain and salty air makes round-the- intelligent, emotional and wild! or later work, given the explosion in
the National YoungArts Foundation, have been following for a while. clock maintenance and attention a both consumer and private images.
the Frost Art Museum at Florida requirement. It brings so much life What is the best collecting advice “Buyers can ask for a representation
International University and the What is the most valuable piece and colour to our collection, so it you have been given? and warranty that a work does
Miami International Film Festival. in your collection? is worth the trouble. We also have Don’t buy right away when you see not infringe anyone’s copyright or
A triptych by Joan Mitchell that is a work on paper that Raymond a work, let it sink in and think of it intellectual property rights,” Cahill
THE ART NEWSPAPER: What was currently on display at Pamm. The Pettibon and Marcel Dzama collabo- for the long-term. With that said, I says. If a work is infringing, “it could
the first work you bought? piece is called Iva and was painted rated on. It is installed in one of my only wish that I followed my advice be subject to impoundment and
JORGE PÉREZ: A lithograph by Man in 1973, when she started working office’s hallways and requires con- more often… destruction.”
Ray that I purchased in 1970 with out of her large studio in France. siderable care, but is a showstopper. Interview by Gabriella Angeleti Martha Lufkin
ART MIAMI PARTICIPATING GALLERIES 313 ART PROJECT Seoul | Absolute Art Lugano | Acacia Gallery La
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| Jonathan Novak Contemporary Art Los Angeles | Keumsan Gallery Seoul | Kuckei + Kuckei Berlin | Landau Contemporary at Galerie
Tuesday, Dec 4 .................................................... 5:30PM – 10PM
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Rukaj Gallery Toronto | Olga Korper Gallery Toronto | Omer Tiroche Gallery London | Onishi Gallery New York | OPERA GALLERY Miami | Wednesday, Dec 5 - Saturday, Dec 8...........................11AM – 8PM
Osborne Samuel Gallery London | Pablo Goebel Fine Arts Mexico City | Paik Hae Young Gallery Seoul | Pan American Art Projects Miami | Sunday, Dec 9 ............................................................11AM – 6PM
PLACIDO / SCOGNAMIGLIO Milan | Polka Galerie Paris | Pontone Gallery London | Priveekollektie Contemporary Art | Design Heusden
aan de Maas | PYO Gallery Seoul | RANIVILU ART GALLERY Miami | Richard Levy Gallery Albuquerque | Robert Fontaine Gallery Miami |
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Sous Les Etoiles Gallery New York | Spanierman Modern New York | SPONDER GALLERY Boca Raton | Sundaram Tagore Gallery New York | TAI Enter NE 14th Street from Bayshore Drive for valet drop-off.
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Gallery Tokyo | Zemack Contemporary Art Tel Aviv | Zolla/Lieberman Gallery Chicago
COURTESY SHUTTLE
CONTEXT ART MIAMI PARTICIPATING GALLERIES 3 Punts Galeria Barcelona | 532 Gallery Thomas Daily shuttle service will connect Art Miami+ CONTEXT with the
Jaeckel New York | Able Fine Art NY Gallery New York | Ai Bo Gallery Purchase | Alida Anderson Art Projects Potomac | Analog Contemporary JW Marriott Marquis Miami and the Pérez Art Museum Miami.
Philadelphia | ANNA ZORINA GALLERY New York | ANSORENA Madrid | Art Angels Los Angeles | ART DESIGN GALLERY Guéthary | ArtLabbé
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SPACE New York | Bruce Lurie Gallery Los Angeles | Cantor Fine Art Venice Beach | Cavalier Galleries New York | Chiefs & Spirits The Hague | at the Aqua Hotel | 1530 Collins Ave
CHUNG JARK GALLERY Seoul | Connect Contemporary Atlanta | Contempop Gallery New York | Counterpoint Contemporary Bridgehampton Miami Beach, FL 33139
| Cube Gallery London | Denise Bibro Fine Art New York | Duane Reed Gallery Saint Louis | DURAN | MASHAAL Montreal | Estudio Arte One of the top showcases for emerging art, the boutique fair
Contemporaneo La Habana | ETERNITY GALLERY Miami | FP Contemporary Los Angeles | FREDERIC GOT Paris | Gabriel Wickbold Studio & supports a wide range of young and established galleries with
Gallery Sao Paulo | Galería Alfredo Ginocchio Ciudad de México | Galería Casa Cuadrada Bogotá D.C. | Galeria Contrast Barcelona | GALERIA strong emerging and mid-career artists. www.aquaartmiami.com
LGM Bogotá | GALERIE BENJAMIN ECK Munich | GALERIE ISABELLE LESMEISTER Regensburg | Galerie LeRoyer Montreal | Galerie Matthew
Namour Montreal | Galeries Bartoux Paris | GALLERIA STEFANO FORNI Bologna | Gallery Aurora Yang-san | Gallery G-77 Kyoto | GALLERY Aqua VIP Preview
JUNG Seoul | Gallery Henoch New York | Gallery TABLEAU Seoul | GAMA GALLERY Istanbul | GEMA LLAMAZARES Gijón | Hang Art San Francisco Wednesday, Dec 5 .................................................... 3PM – 10PM
| Hashimoto Contemporary San Francisco | HAVOC Gallery Burlington | HEITSCH GALLERY Munich | Hernandez Art Gallery Milan | Heron
Access for Aqua Art Miami, Art Miami & CONTEXT VIP
Arts San Francisco | HOHMANN Palm Desert | Juan Silió Gallery Santander | K+Y gallery Paris | Kim Foster Gallery New York | Laura Rathe Fine
Cardholders & Press as well as Art Basel, Untitled, NADA and
Art Houston | Lawrence Fine Art Lawrence | Liquid art system Capri | Lucía Mendoza Madrid | MAC Miami Beach | Markowicz Fine Art Miami
| Momentum Gallery Asheville | N2 Galería Barcelona | NIL GALLERY Paris | NINE Gallery Gwangju | Oliver Cole Gallery Miami | Peninsula
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Fine Art GUANACASTE | Projects Gallery Miami | Rebecca Hossack Art Gallery New York | Rele Gallery Lagos | Retrospect Galleries Byron
Bay, NSW | Rhodes Contemporary London | Ronen Art Gallery Amsterdam | SASHA D espacio de arte Córdoba | Sergott Contemporary Art Aqua Public Hours
Alliance Rancho Santa Fe | Simons Gallery The Hague | Spoke Art New York City | STOA Estepona | TAMBARAN 2 New York | Tauvers Gallery Thursday, Dec 6......................................................... 12PM – 9PM
international Kyiv | ten|Contemporary Nevada City | The Light Gallery Medellin | URGEL | FLECHA Madrid | Vitavie Gallery Toronto | VK Friday, Dec 7 - Saturday, Dec 8 ...................................11AM – 9PM
Gallery Amsterdam | Want Art Gallery New York | Whitewall Contemporary Delray Beach | Woolff Gallery London | Z GALLERY ARTS Vancouver | Sunday, Dec 9 ............................................................11AM – 6PM
ZK Gallery San Francisco
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