AUTHORS’ ABSTRACTS 291

g R. C. D. RICHARDSON,The wear of metals by hard abrasives, Wear, IO (1967) 291-309.

IO R. C. D. RICHARDSON, The maximum hardness of strained surfaces, and the abrasive wear of
metals and alloys, Wear, IO (1967) 353-382.
II R. C. D. RICHARDSON, The wear of metals by relatively soft abrasives, Wear, II (1968) 245-
275.
I2 *R. C. D. RICHARDSON. The abrasive wear of metals and allovs, Proc. Inst. Mech. En,vs.,
I82 (Pt.3A) (1967-68) 410-414.
I2 *M. M. KHRUSCHOV AND M. A. BABICHEV. Experimental fundamentals of abrasive wear
md theory, Russian Eng. J., 44 (6) (1964) 43. _
IA H. S. AVERY, The measurement of wear resistance, Wear, 4 (1961) 427-449.
15 T. E. NORMAN, Abrasive wear of metals. Chap 13 in C. LIPSON’AN~ L; V. COLWELL (eds.),
Handbook ofMechanical Wear, The Univ of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor and AmbassadorBooks,
Limited, Toronto, Ig6I.

*Brief reviews with bibliography.

Wear, 14 (1969) sgo--2gI

Wear of components in comminution processes

P. F. GILL
BC URA, Leatherhead, Surrey (Gt. Britain)

Reduction of particle size is a feature of many industrial processes and ranges

from the coarse crushing of bodies having diameters of some tens of centimetres to the
production of particles smaller than 10-0 m. The machines used wear by abrasion,
corrosion, and to a lesser extent by other deleterious mechanisms.
A large proportion of existing size reduction machinery operates by means of a
rolling or squeezing action; for example, by large diameter balls or rolls rotating
around a circular table or by the cascading action of large numbers of smaller balls or
rods onto powder beds. Simulation of this kind of action in the laboratory may be
adequately achieved by use of a pair of rolls so long as the ratio of roll diameter to
maximum particle diameter is similar in the two cases and that the operating surface
speeds and pressures and other conditions are similar. Laboratory apparatus providing
variable pressure, speeds, roll gap and feed rate has been builtr.
Wear in these circumstances is generally most conveniently measured as the
weight of metal lost per unit weight of material crushed. This is loosely termed the
“wear rate” and for ferrous metals it may range from 0.1 to 1000 mg per kg ground,
depending on the material processed and the severity of the size reduction. For
accurate measurement at low wear rates and to avoid dismantling the apparatus a
radiotracer technique has been developed to assess the wear of the model roll crusher
referred to; one section of a roll is radioactivated, and the wear debris in the crushed
material is subsequently assayed.
Since the apparatus was first commissioned in 1962 a considerable amount of
experimental work has been carried out (using standard steels) covering the effects on
wear rates or wear potentials* of mineral hardness, particle shape and size and inter-
action effects between minerals as well as the effect of changes in operating variables
such as roll speed and load2.3. A comprehensive analysis of this experimental work
* Wear potential WP is defined as
wear rate (mg/kg) x IOO
WP=
o/o of fine material produced

Weav, 14 (1969) 2gI-zgz

292 AUTHORS ARSTRAC'I~

has been written and will be published shortlyd. The restriction of the earlier work to
one or two particular steels has now been removed by a number of systematic tests
with cast irons, on which reports are also in preparation.
One significant conclusion of this latter work is that it is not possible to place
cast irons in order of wear resistance to particular abrasives on the basis of a few tests,
because of important surface conditioning effects which depend on operating condi-
tions and on total wear. Comparisons are however possible when certain equilibrium
conditions are satisfied.

I F. J. HIORNS AND B. M. PARISH, Investigations of the wear of coal pulverisers: Part 1. General
considerations and description of a laboratory method, J. Inst. Fuel, March (1966) 126-133.
2 B. M. PARISH, Investigations of wear in coal pulverisers: Part 2. An assessment of the abrasive
properties of low ash coals, J. Inst. Fuel, Feb. (1967) 76-81.
3 BCURA personal communications.
4 B. M. PARISH, BCURA personal communication.

Weav, 14 (1969) q--292

International Calendar

Imperial College Lubrication Courses

The fourth annual series of Lubrication Courses has commenced at the Imperial
College of Science and Technology, London, and will continue during rg6g-1970.
There are nine general courses and six specialist courses, each of five days
duration. The courses are practical and non-mathematical. The lecturers are top
class technical personnel from industry, representing the manufacturers of widely
used products and components.
The general courses commence : October 20,1g6g, November 7,rg6g, January
rg, 1970, February 2, 1970, February 16, 1970, April 20, 1970, and May 4, rg7o.
The specialist courses are :
Large and marine diesels, November 3, 1969.
Automotive bearings, February g, 1970.
Metallurgy in lubrication, February 23, 1970.
Properties of lubricants, March IO, 1970.
Basic lubrication theory, May 25, 1970.
Simplified bearing design, June 8, 1970.
Further details may be obtained from
Dr. A. Cameron,
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering,
The Imperial College of Science and Technology
Exhibition Road, London, SW. 7.

Wear, 14 (1969) 292