Class Notes / Level 6, Unit 12 / Class Summary

GOING BACK TO SCHOOL

Volver al Colegio

 I’m going back to university to finish my degree,
which is pretty difficult for a man of my age!
 Remember
 Use non-defining relative clauses to add extra
information to a noun.
 It’s funny because I’ll be going to school
every day with my granddaughter. Fortunately,
she is going to be the one in our family who
studies medicine.
 Use a defining relative clause to add essential
information to a noun.

 I’m going to study accounting now, but if I had

 She hopes she can specialize in pediatrics. In
finished university when I was 20, I would have
fact, before she graduates from medical school,
studied medicine.
she hopes to have volunteered in India.
 Use the third conditional to talk about
 Use hope + present simple for future hopes.
hypothetical situations in the past.
 Use hope to + have + past participle for future
 If + past perfect, would + have + past participle
hopes that you want to accomplish before
a specific time in the future.
 I chose accounting because apparently the
number of accountants in my city has fallen
 It sounds like such an amazing opportunity! If
slightly, so I think I’ll be able to get some work.
only I had studied medicine too!
 Use verb + adverb to describe trends. You can
 Use if only + past perfect to express strong
also use adjective + noun.
regrets about the past.

 Voy a volver a la universidad para terminar mi carrera, ¡lo que es muy difícil para un hombre de mi edad! / Voy a
estudiar contabilidad ahora, pero si hubiese terminado la universidad cuando tenía 20, habría estudiado medicina. /
Escogí contabilidad porque aparentemente el número de contadores en mi ciudad ha caído sutilmente, así es que
pienso que podré conseguir algo de trabajo. / Es gracioso porque estaré yendo a la escuela todos los días con mi nieta.
Afortunadamente, ella va a ser la que estudie medicina de nuestra familia. / Ella espera especializarse en pediatría.
De hecho, andes de que se gradúe de la escuela de medicina, ella espera haber hecho voluntariado en la India. /
¡Suena como una oportunidad fabulosa! ¡Si solo yo hubiese estudiado medicina también!

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 Class Notes / Level 6, Unit 12 / Class Summary

Q & A: OWNING A BUSINESS

Preguntas y Respuestas: Ser Dueño de un Negocio

(Second question...)
So, finally, I’d like to finish off by saying that it’s
been a pleasure talking to you all about the pros
Excuse me, I was wondering if you could tell
and cons of running a business. If you have any
us how much money your company made on
questions, feel free to ask now.
a monthly basis, before going bankrupt?

(First question...)
I’m sorry, I can’t. That’s confidential information
and I’m not at liberty to discuss it.
Hi, yes I have a question. What do you
think your company should have done
about the drop in sales? (Third question...)

Before you go, do you have any idea

We should have looked for new clients
whether you’ll start another company soon?
sooner. If we had found new clients sooner,
which is what I recommended numerous
times, we might not have had such a terrible Of course! I would like to have started a
quarter in sales. new online educational company before
the end of this year!

 Entonces, finalmente me gustaría terminar diciendo que ha sido un placer hablar con todos ustedes acerca de
los pros y contras de dirigir un negocio. Si tienen alguna pregunta, siéntanse libres de preguntar ahora. / Hola
sí, yo tengo una pregunta… ¿Qué piensas que tu compañía debería haber hecho acerca de la caída en las
ventas? / Deberíamos haber buscado clientes antes. Si hubiésemos encontrado nuevos clientes antes, que es
lo que recomendé numerosas veces, puede que no hubiésemos tenido un tan mal cuatrimestre. / Disculpe, me
preguntaba si podría contarnos cuánto dinero hizo su compañía mensualmente antes de caer en bancarrota. /
Lo siento, no puedo. Esa es información confidencial y no estoy en la libertad de compartirla. / Antes de que se
vaya, ¿tiene alguna idea de si empezará otra compañía pronto? / ¡Por supuesto! ¡Me gustaría haber empezado
una nueva empresa educacional online antes del final de este año!

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 Class Notes / Level 6, Unit 12 / Key Tables

Defining and Non-Defining Relative Clauses LANGUAGE BUILDER

Defining Relative Clauses Non-Defining Relative Clauses

All of the information is necessary. If you remove a The information added is extra and doesn’t define the
clause, the sentence is not complete. noun. If you remove the non-defining relative clause,
the sentence is still complete.

Defining relative clauses are not off set in commas Put the non-defining relative clause between commas
because they are a key part of the sentence: if it goes in the middle of the sentence:
The projector that they used for the presentation Charlie, whose presentation was yesterday, is the
yesterday didn’t work very well. sales manager for the company.

What about the company that contacted us about an I just got off the phone with John, who is really
e-house and those big transformers? starting to grow on me by the way, and he
confirmed the PO.

What about the company? I just got off the phone with John and he
confirmed the PO.

Past Wishes LANGUAGE BUILDER

Wish If Only

subject + wish + subject + past perfect/past if only + subject + past perfect/past

perfect continuous perfect continuous

 I wish I’d attended university. If only she’d started school.

He wishes he’d been working. If only they’d been studying.

 I wish you hadn’t been working. If only I hadn’t ignored my dad’s advice.
We wish we hadn’t gotten a job before school. If only he hadn’t been skiing that day.

 Remember
 These are wishes about the past, which means the situation can’t be changed.

 I’d = I had; you’d = you had; he’d = he had, etc.

 I wish, you wish, he/she wishes, etc.

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 Class Notes / Level 6, Unit 12 / Key Tables

Indirect Yes / No Questions LANGUAGE BUILDER

Direct Questions Indirect Questions

(auxiliary) + subject + verb question phrase + if/whether + subject + verb

Will he be available shortly? Could you tell me whether he will be available shortly?
Has he looked at my proposal? Do you have any idea if he has looked at my proposal?
Can he see me tomorrow? Would you mind telling me whether he can see me tomorrow?
Is your boss here?* Do you know if your boss is here?

 Remember
 Use indirect questions when you want to be more polite.

 If and whether are interchangeable.

*The verb to be has a different structure with direct questions: to be + subject. There is no auxiliary verb.

Indirect Information Questions LANGUAGE BUILDER

Direct Questions Indirect Questions

question word + auxiliary + subject + verb question phrase + question word + subject + verb

Where can I find some information?
Which building are you talking about?
When does this building close?
Where did the tour finish?
Who can I ask about tours to the mountain?
Which is the correct building?*
Do you know where I can find some information?
Could you tell me which building you are talking about?
Do you know when this building closes?
Would you mind telling me where the tour finished?
I was wondering if you could tell me who I can ask about
tours to the mountain?
Could you tell me which is the correct building?*

 Remember
 The question phrases are interchangeable.

 Do not use do, does, or did in the main part of the indirect question: Do you know when does this
restaurant open? Do you know when this restaurant opens?

*Maintain the direct question order for indirect questions with the verb to be: question phrase +
question word + to be + subject

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