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ISSN No:-2456-2165
Abstract:- The control of the temperature of the slab, as On the control side, the heating process (firing) of the
the control of the temperature field in the slab when only metal ingots in the furnace is a process with distributed
measuring the temperature in the furnace, is a highly parameters, ie, the control objects is not only described by
applicable problem in many industries. In order to control ordinary differential equations but also described by differential
the temperature of the slab, it is necessary to know the equation. For heat metal, we can easily see the temperature
temperature distribution of the slab or the mathematical distribution in the slab change according to the thickness of the
model of the slab. There are several ways to calculate the slab. Depending on the distribution of the control action (e.g.
temperature field of the slab, however, these methods are heat source) the temperature field in the slab may be change
often very complex and are not conducive to the design of with the length and width of the slab. To calculate the
the controller temperature field of the slab, we can use the numerical method
[1]; modeling method [3]; finite element method [4]. However,
The article presents a mathematical model of slab commonly used controller design methods that commonly used
based on the transfer function model. Based on the slab now are based on the transfer function of the object to calculate
transfer function model, it is easy to understand the the controller. Thus, if we build a mathematical model of the
temperature distribution in the slab and the design of the slab in the form of transfer function, the design of the slab
slab temperature controller. The results of the research temperature controller will be very convenient. Therefore, in
have been verified through simulation and have shown the this paper, the authors will build the transfer function model of
possibility of being able to apply in practice. the slab.
Keywords:- Slab, Transfer Function Model, Mathematical II. BUILDING TRANSFER FUNCTION MODEL
Model, Temperature Field. OF THE SLAB
Fig 2:- Thermoforming model of thin slab As the heat flowing to layer 1 is also the heat flow into
layer 2 so we have
1 A T1 T2
Q2
d
T1 T2 T f (s) 1 1
R2 W1 (s) (8)
2 T1 ( s ) R2C1 s W2 (s) 1 1
d
2 R2C1 R1C1 R2C1
with R2
1 A
Reducing the transfer function (8), we have the following
results
The amount of heat entering layer 1 is described by the
1
following equation W1 (s) (9)
R1
1 R1C1 s 1 W2 (s)
dT1 dT R2
Q3 cm1 C1 1 From building the transfer function of two layers slab, we
dt dt
can build the transfer function of the n layers slab as follows.
with C1 cm1 1
Wn (s)
RnCn s 1
The amount of heat entering layer 2 is described by the 1
Wn 1 (s)
following equation R
1 Rn 1Cn 1 s n 1 1-Wn (s)
Rn
dT2 dT …
Q4 cm2 C2 2
dt dt 1
W2 (s)
R2
1 R2C2 s 1 W3 (s)
with C2 cm2 R3
1
From here we have the heat balance equation of the layer W1 (s)
R1
2 as follows 1 R1C1 s 1 W2 (s)
dT2 T1 T2
R2
C2 (3) d d d
dt R2 n n
With R1 1 ;R ; R ;...; Rn n
A 2 A 2 3 A n 1 A
1 2
The Laplace transform of equation (3), we obtain the
following results: The value n is chosen according to the "thickness" of the
slab and the accuracy requirement when describing the thermal
C2 R2T 2 s T 1 T 2 T 1 (s) 1 C2 R2 s T 2 (s) (4) conductivity in the slab.
From (4), we have the transfer function of layer 2 III. SIMULATE THE TEMPERATURE OF
THE SLAB BY THE TRANSFER FUNCTION
T2 (s) 1
W2 ( s) (5) To test the accuracy and correctness of the transfer
T1 ( s) 1 R2C2 s function model of the slab, the authors selected the slab with
the following parameters:
The heat balance equation of layer 1 is as follows Thermal conductivity: = 55.8 w/m.K
Heat transfer coefficient: = 7800kg/m3
dT1 T f T1 T1 T2 Specific weight: c = 460 j/kg.K
C1 (6) Specific heat: = 335 w/m2
dt R1 R2 Length: a = 0.6 m
Width: b = 0.3 m
The laplace transform of equation (6), we obtain the Thickness: d = 0.06 m
following results: Surface area of the slab is : A = a*b = 0.6*0.3 = 0.18 m2
In this study, we divide the slab into 3 layers. We have the
W2 (s) 1 1 T f ( s) thickness of each layer is d 0.02 m2
s T1 (s) (7) 3
R2C1 R1C1 R2C1 R1C1
The volume of each layer is
From (7), we have a transfer function of layer 1 as V1 V2 V3 0.6*0.3*0.02 0.0036 m 3
follows
1 25.72s 1
W2 ( s )
1 R2C2 s (1 W3 (s)) 661.5s 77.16s 1
2
R2
R3
Fig 6:- The differential model of the slab in Matlab –
1 Simulink
W1 ( s)
R
1 R1C1s 1 (1 W2 (s))
R2
661.5s 2 77.16s 1
1.417.105 s 3 2.27.104.4s 2 719.8s 1
Fig 7:- The transfer function model and the differential model
of the slab in Matlab – Simulink
1000
900
Simulink 700
Temperature of Layer 1 (differential model )
Temperature of Layer 2 (differential model )
Temperature (oC)
900
300
Set Temperature
Temperature of layer 1
800 Temperature of layer 2 200
Temperature of layer 3
700 100
600
Temperature (oC)
0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
500 Time (Sec)
200
As shown in Fig. 8, the response of the transfer function
100
of the slab coincides completely with the response of the
differential model of the slab.
0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
Time (Sec)
Thus, the transfer function of the slab is completely
Fig 5:- The temperature of the layers of the slab
accurate. The transfer function of the slab have allowed the
design of the plate temperature controller to be easier.
REFERENCES
[1]. Bui Hai, Tran The Son: Heat engineering. Science and
Technology Publishing House, Ha Noi ,2004.
[2]. Dang Quoc Phu, Tran The Son, Tran Van Phu: Heat
Transfer. 3rd. Viet Nam Education Publishing House
Limited Company, Ha Noi, 2007.
[3]. Minh Ngo Duc: Designing temperature observations and
temperature controller of the plate slab. Engineering
master thesis, Thai Nguyen University of Technology,
2009.
[4]. Nguyen Huu Cong: Optimal control for objects with slow
distribution parameters. PhD thesis, Hanoi University of
Science and Technology, 2003.