Name Date Class

Lesson Outline LESSON 1

Forms of Energy
A. What is energy?
1. is the ability to cause change.
2. Energy can cause an object to its position or its motion.
B. Kinetic Energy—Energy of Motion
1. Energy due to motion is .
2. The faster an object moves, the kinetic energy it has.
3. The kinetic energy of an object depends on its as well
as its speed.
4. If two objects move at the same speed, the object with the
mass will have more kinetic energy.
C. Potential Energy—Stored Energy
1. is stored energy.
2. When you are holding a book energy is stored between the book and Earth;
this type of energy is called potential energy. This
type of potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

and of the object.
3. Elastic potential energy is energy stored in objects that are compressed
or .
4. When you stretch a rubber band, you are storing
potential energy. When you let go of the rubber band, stored elastic potential
energy is transformed into energy.
5. Food has potential energy, which is the
energy stored in the bonds between atoms. This energy is released when
occur.
D. Energy and Work
1. is the transfer of energy to an object by a force that
makes the object move in the direction of the force.
2. is sometimes described as the ability to do work.

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Lesson Outline continued

E. Other Forms of Energy

1. Energy can be measured in units of .
2. is the total kinetic energy and potential energy in an
object or group of objects.
3. The energy carried by sound waves is . It is produced
by objects that .
4. All materials are made of atoms and molecules that are always
. The sum of kinetic energy and potential energy of the
particles in matter due to their random motion is .
5. is the energy carried by an electric current.
6. , such as microwaves, can travel through a vacuum.
7. The energy of electromagnetic waves is called .
8. is stored in the nucleus of an atom.
9. The Sun releases nuclear energy when the of atoms
join together.
10. Nuclear power plants release energy by nuclei.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

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Content Practice A LESSON 1

Forms of Energy
Directions: On each line, write the term from the word bank that correctly completes each sentence. Some terms
might be used more than once or not at all.

electrical energy kinetic mechanical nuclear

potential radiant sound thermal work

1. Energy due to motion is energy.

2. The amount of energy an object has depends on the

object’s speed and mass.

3. Energy that is stored in the nucleus of an atom is energy.

4. The ability to cause change is .

5. energy is stored energy.

6. Energy that is carried by an electric current is energy.

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

7. Gravitational, elastic, and chemical are three forms of

energy.

8. The transfer of energy that occurs when a force is applied over a distance is
.

9. Energy that is the total of the kinetic energy and potential energy in an object or group
of objects is energy.

10. The energy of atoms and molecules in an object due to their motions is
energy.

11. Energy is the ability to do .

12. Energy carried by electromagnetic waves is called energy.

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Key Concept Builder LESSON 1

Forms of Energy
Key Concept How is energy related to work?

Directions: On the line before each statement, write T if the statement is true or F if the statement is false.

1. When you lift an object, you do work on the object.

2. When you lift an object higher, you decrease its gravitational potential energy.

3. Work is the transfer of energy that occurs when a force is applied over
a distance.

4. An object that has energy can do work.

5. When you lift an object, you increase potential energy.

6. When you lift an object, energy is transferred from the object to you.

7. Energy is the ability to do work.

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

8. When a bowling ball hits bowling pins, the pins transfer kinetic energy
to the ball.

9. A ball rolling down a hill has increasing potential energy.

10. When you push a shopping cart, you transfer energy to it.

11. A child climbing a ladder is transforming kinetic energy into potential energy.

12. The child climbing the ladder is doing work.

13. When a pool ball hits another ball and causes it to move, potential energy has
transferred from one ball to the other.

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Key Concept Builder LESSON 1

Forms of Energy
Key Concept What are different forms of energy?

Directions: Write the type of energy next to each clue. Some clues might involve more than one type of energy.

electrical mechanical nuclear radiant sound thermal

1.   shooting a basketball

2.   the total of the potential energy and kinetic energy in an

object or group of objects

3.   a phone ringing

4.   the energy of moving atoms

5.   Light is an example.

6.   energy given off by the Sun

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

7.   carried by an electric current

8.   Microwaves are an example.

9.   Heat is the movement of this.

10.   energy that is stored in the nucleus of an atom

11.   a radio playing

12.   an ocean wave

13.   a microwave heating food

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Lesson Quiz A LESSON 1

Forms of Energy
Multiple Choice
Directions: On the line before each question or statement, write the letter of the correct answer.

1. Energy is the ability to

A. use gravity.
B. hold objects.
C. cause change.

2. A moving truck has more energy than a parked truck.

A. sound
B. kinetic
C. potential

3. A large truck parked on a hill has more energy than a car parked next to it.
A. sound
B. kinetic
C. potential

4. Which situation is an example of work?

A. a person holding several tools
B. a person sitting in a parked car
C. a person hitting a pitched baseball

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

5. Which type of energy is the total energy in an object or group of objects?
A. sound energy
B. radiant energy
C. mechanical energy

Matching
Directions: On the line before each definition, write the letter of the term that matches it correctly. Each term is
used only once.

6. released when nuclei split A. elastic potential energy

7. stored in a stretched rubber band B. thermal energy

C. nuclear energy
8. transferred by heat
D. radiant energy
9. used when your body moves
E. chemical energy
10. carried by electromagnetic waves

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Lesson Outline LESSON 2

Energy Transformations
A. Changes Between Forms of Energy
1. A microwave oven changes electrical energy to energy.
2. The changes from electrical energy to radiant energy to thermal energy are called
energy .
B. Changes Between Kinetic and Potential Energy
1. When you throw a ball upward, the ball has its greatest speed and the most
energy when it first leaves your hand.
2. As the ball reaches its highest point, the ball gains its greatest
energy.
3. As the ball moves downward, energy decreases
and energy increases.
C. The Law of Conservation of Energy
1. According to the , energy can be transformed from one
form into another or transferred from one region to another, but energy cannot be
created or destroyed.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

2. is a force that resists the motion of one surface over

another.
a. There is always some between any surfaces that are
in contact with each other.
b. As you pedal a bicycle, you do and transfer
to the bicycle.
c. Because of between moving parts of a bicycle, some
of the work you do changes to energy.
d. One way to reduce friction is to apply a(n) to
surfaces that rub against each other.
e. When you apply brakes on a bicycle, the bicycle’s
energy is not destroyed; instead, the bicycle’s energy
is transformed into thermal energy. The amount of
energy remains the same.

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Lesson Outline continued

D. Using Energy
1. You use energy for cooking and heating.
2. Gas stoves and furnaces change energy from natural gas
into thermal energy.
3. During photosynthesis, plants transform energy from
the Sun into chemical energy stored in food.
4. Your body changes the chemical energy stored in food into
energy as you move and into
energy, which keeps your body temperature high.
5. A television transforms energy into sound energy and
energy.
6. Many devices you use every day are powered by energy
from electrical power plants.
7. With battery-powered devices, energy is transformed
into electrical energy for power.
8. When energy changes form, some energy is always
released. Scientists often refer to this energy that cannot be used
as .

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

9. Cars transform most of the chemical energy in gasoline into
energy.

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Content Practice A LESSON 2

Energy Transformations
Directions: On each line, write the term from the word bank that correctly completes each sentence. Some terms
might be used more than once.

electrical energy transformation friction kinetic

law of conservation of energy potential radiant thermal

1. According to the , energy cannot be created or destroyed.

2. A change from electrical energy to radiant energy to thermal energy is called

a(n) .

3. A force that resists the motion of one surface over another

is .

4. A microwave oven changes energy to radiant energy to

energy.

5. Suppose you are shooting a basketball toward a hoop. As the ball rises in the air, its

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

energy increases and its
decreases.

6. As the ball falls back toward the floor, its energy increases
and its decreases.

7. Friction transforms some mechanical energy into energy.

8. You use a lamp to change energy into

energy.

9. When you use a battery, you transform chemical energy stored in the battery to
energy.

10. The exhaust from a car contains energy that cannot be

used. Scientists often refer to this energy that cannot be used as waste energy.

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Key Concept Builder LESSON 2

Energy Transformations
Key Concept What is the law of conservation of energy?

Directions: In the diagram below, a ball has just been thrown and is about to be caught. Use the diagram to
answer each question.

At the ball’s highest point its

kinetic energy is zero and its
potential energy is maximum. C.

Total
energy
KEPE
Kinetic energy is D.
decreasing, and potential
energy is increasing.

Total Kinetic energy is

energy decreasing, and potential
KEPE energy is increasing.
B.
Total
energy
Kinetic energy is KEPE
maximum, and potential
energy is minimum.

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Total E.
A. energy
KEPE

Kinetic energy is
maximum, and
potential energy
is minimum.

Total
energy
KEPE

1. At which stage is kinetic energy at the maximum value?

2. At which stage is potential energy at its minimum?
3. At which stage is the kinetic energy zero?
4. At which stage is the potential energy at the maximum value?
5. Which stage has increasing kinetic energy and decreasing potential energy?
6. Which stage has decreasing kinetic energy and increasing potential energy?

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Lesson Quiz A LESSON 2

Energy Transformations
Multiple Choice
Directions: On the line before each question or statement, write the letter of the correct answer.

1. An energy occurs when energy changes from one type to another type.
A. increase
B. conversion
C. transformation

2. What happens to potential energy when a ball is tossed into the air?
A. It never changes.
B. It increases as the ball approaches its highest point.
C. It decreases as the ball approaches its highest point.

3. According to the law of conservation of energy, energy cannot

A. be created or destroyed.
B. transferred from one region to another.
C. transformed from one form into another.

4. When a ball is thrown into the air, its kinetic energy is lowest
A. at its highest point.
B. at the moment it is released.
C. as it begins to fall back to the ground.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

5. What type of energy transformation occurs during photosynthesis?

A. Radiant energy becomes chemical energy.
B. Thermal energy becomes chemical energy.
C. Nuclear energy becomes mechanical energy.

Matching
Directions: On the line before each definition, write the letter of the term that matches it correctly. Each term is
used only once.

6. transforms gravitational potential energy into A. friction

kinetic energy
B. lubricant
7. transforms mechanical energy into thermal energy C. electric heater
8. transforms radiant energy into sound energy D. cell phone

9. force that reduces kinetic energy and produces E. a marble falling off a
heat table

10. reduces friction’s creation of thermal energy

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Content Vocabulary LESSON 3

Energy Resources
Directions: An analogy is a relationship between two pairs of words. An analogy can be written in the following
manner: a is to b as c is to d. For example, apple is to fruit as celery is to vegetable. In the analogies that
follow, one of the terms is missing. On each line, write the term from the word bank that correctly completes each
sentence.

fossil fossil fuel inexhaustible energy resource

nonrenewable energy resource nuclei renewable energy resource

1. Fossil fuel is to as solar energy is to inexhaustible energy

resource.

2. Power plant is to power plants as nucleus is to .

3. Wind is to as coal is to nonrenewable energy resource.

4. Coal is to as kinetic energy is to energy.

5. Nonrenewable energy resource is to as petroleum is to

hydroelectric energy.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

6. is to dinosaur skeleton as energy is to the Sun.

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Lesson Outline LESSON 3

Energy Resources
A. Sources of Energy
1. Most of the energy that we use every day originally came from
the .
2. A small amount of energy that reaches Earth’s surface comes
from .
B. Electric Power Plants
1. produce most of the energy people use in their daily lives.
2. The three main sources of energy used in electric power plants are
, energy in uranium,
and power from falling water.

C. Nonrenewable Energy Resources

1. A(n) is an energy source that is used much faster than
it is replaced or is available in limited amounts.
2. are the remains of ancient organisms that can be
burned as an energy source.

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

a. Fossil fuels take of years to form, and they are being
used up much faster than they can be replaced.
b. and natural gas form from microscopic marine
organisms whose remains are subject to increasing temperature and pressure for
millions of years.
c. forms on land from remains of ancient plants that
come under strong pressure.
d. Most of the burned in the United States is used to
generate electricity in power plants.
e. Most of the burned in the United States is used to
heat buildings.
f. Burning natural gas produces less than burning other
fossil fuels does.

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Lesson Outline continued

g. Burning fossil fuels releases substances that can mix with water in the atmosphere
and form , which can damage the environment.
h. Burning fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide, which causes
, a rise in Earth’s average temperature.
3. People can transform nuclear energy from uranium into
thermal energy.
a. Uranium is a(n) energy resource because it is no
longer being formed inside Earth.
b. Nuclear power plants do not release into the air.
c. Nuclear power plants produce wastes that are and
can cause great damage to living things.
D. Renewable Energy Resources
1. A(n) is an energy resource that is replaced as fast as
or faster than it is used.
2. In a(n) power plant, the kinetic energy from falling
water is converted into electrical energy.
3. is radiant energy from the Sun.
4. A(n) , such as solar energy, is one that can’t be used up.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

5. Solar cells convert solar energy into energy.

6. Wind is a(n) energy resource that can be used to
generate electricity.
7. Thermal energy produced inside Earth is called .
8. Materials from plants and animals that people burn are
called .
9. In the United States, the most common biofuel used in cars
is .

E. Conserving Energy Resources

1. About 86 percent of the energy used in the United States comes
from , a nonrenewable energy resource.
2. energy is one way to make our natural resources last
longer.

Energy and Energy Resources 47