Recap Block

video….where did
we leave off
yesterday?
 Thermal Conductivity
● Rate at which heat is transferred from one object to another.
○ How many JOULES of energy is transferred each SECOND?
○ Different for different materials- dependent on many factors (moisture, density,
etc)
● Another Ex: Getting out of the shower in winter- Would you rather step onto a rug or
the tile floor? Why??
○ The rug
○ because it conducts heat away from you slower than the tile floor so it doesn’t
FEEL as cold
● Remember- Heat refers to the movement of energy from a substance of high
temperature to one of low temperature.
● Can you think of any other examples?
Scooping out Ice Cream
Methods of Energy Transfer
Energy can be transferred into and out of a system in 3 common ways

1. Heating (Q) – through collisions of particles at different temperatures

2. Working (W) – when macroscopic objects (or a collection of smaller
particles) exert forces on each other.
- Not talked about very much in chemistry - seen more in Physics.

3. Radiating (R)– due to absorption

or emission of radiant energy
Think back to the Animated Video
● In the water demo yesterday, what was the transfer method used to add
energy to the water that was already in the pool during the video?
● HEAT
○ Poured fast moving particles into the pool
○ Fast particles to collide with slow particles
○ Slow particles sped up and fast particles slowed down.
● Why did the water with more volume create the greater temperature change?

____________________
 Heat vs Heating
Heat Heating
AKA Thermal Energy
Process of adding heat

specific way to store energy substance like quantity

In class, we will refer to the process as heating and the energy itself as heat
Energy is….
Energy is a “substance like” quantity.

Another example, knowledge

● Where do you find knowledge?

● Can knowledge be stored?
● Can knowledge be transferred?
● Can you physically touch knowledge?

Energy is the same idea.

It has “amount-like” characteristics but you can’t physically touch it.
Example: Can of Soup
● A student is heating up a can of soup on an open fire.
● What is the system and what is the surrounding in this example?
● System- soup
○ Be specific, what is the object we are focusing on the energy transfer of.
○ Not the can. This becomes very important when we get to more complex
examples.
● Surroundings- can and outside environment.
Can of Soup continued
What do these liquid soup particles look like at the beginning, middle and end of
heating up the soup?

Beginning Middle End

Showing Energy in a Particle level Diagram
● Transfer of energy (heating) cannot be shown in a particle
diagram
● So we will use a special chart called an Energy Bar
Graph.
How can we show the energy transfer in this system?
Energy Flow Bar Graph or LOL
● Used to show the energy transfer from the soup at the beginning (initial) and the
end (final) of heating
 Bank Metaphor
Energy can be transferred between “accounts” just like
money at the bank. It can be stored and transferred.

Checking Account Savings Account

How do we know energy is changing “accounts”?

● A change in motion or arrangement of particles provides observable
evidence of the transfer of energy between accounts.
Can of Soup LOL
“O” of the Energy Diagram
● where you show the flow of energy into or out of the system.
● To do this, we need to label what our system is and what are our surroundings.
Accounts in an Energy Bar Graph

Eth = Energy of Thermal → Kinetic Energy (Temperature)

Temperature of a system is the measure of its thermal

energy.

** You can change the amount of energy in the Eth account

without changing the overall structure**

Example- Heating up soup

 Accounts in an Energy Bar Graph
Eph = Energy of Phase
● Shows if you have a solid, liquid, or gas
● Due to the arrangement of the particles in solid, liquid and
gaseous phases. Attractions lower the energy of a
system, so...
○ solid- ↓lowest energy = ↑ Attractions
○ Liquid- middle energy = middle attractions
○ Gas- ↑ highest energy = ↓ Attractions

● Example- Boiling water

Accounts in an Energy Bar Graph

Ech = Energy of Chemical

● Example- Photosynthesis

● In photosynthesis, energy is used to break bonds and

create entirely new chemicals.

● Currently you do not need to worry about this account.

Friday (TOMORROW) Meet in room _____
We will be working on a lab and need to use the materials
that are in this room.

This is the SAME room as the last time you changed rooms
for lab.
Energy of Phase (Eph) Standards on LOL’s

Standards to use when representing phase changes.

- Solid = 1 bar
- Liquid = 2 bars
- Gas = 4 bars

Think back to last unit, why the jump from 2 bars for a liquid to 4 bars for a gas?
 Energy of Thermal (Eth) Standard on LOL’s

Room temperature = 2 bars

Below room temp = less Above room temp = more than 2

than 2 bars bars
*depending on how low *depends on how high the temp is*
the temp is*

**You can only transfer or deposit to other accounts from the

thermal account.**
Can of Soup LOL
Fill out the initial and final accounts
Can of Soup LOL
Next step, draw the energy flow
Recap Steps
1. Determine what is the system and what is the surroundings
2. Assign Values to Eph
3. Assign Values to Eth
4. Show energy transfer
Another example
A cup of hot coffee cools as it sits on the table.
Now try #2, the soda question, on your own
A can of cold soda warms as it is left on the counter.
What about when a substance changes phase?

A tray of water (20 ˚C) is placed in the freezer and

turns into ice cubes (- 8 ˚C)
Law of Conservation of Energy
- Energy can neither be created nor destroyed in a system;
rather, it can only be transformed (change forms) or
transferred (move locations)
- Whatever leaves the system has to be accounted for in
the surroundings and vice versa.
Recap Steps
1. Determine what is the system and what is the
surroundings
2. Assign Values to Eph
○ *When you have a phase change, Eph initial and Eph
final MUST have different bar values*
3. Assign Values to Eth
4. Show energy transfer
Liquid water to solid water
A tray of water (20 ˚C) is placed in the freezer and
turns into ice cubes (- 8 ˚C)
Remainder of the Hour Tomorrow, class meets in room

Complete the rest of this worksheet with your table.

Use this time to make sure you understand the process of completing LOL’s as
well as to ask your peers questions to ensure it makes sense.

After completing the worksheet, one person from your group must check in with
me before moving on.

At the check, in I will look at your work and clear you to move on to the next
worksheet.

On this worksheet, you need to complete #s 1 and 2 INDIVIDUALLY.

The remaining questions can be used for extra practice. Answer key will be on
moodle.