EXTRA INFO

ITEM 106 – COMPACTION EQUIPMENT AND DENSITY CONTROL STRIPS

 Sheepsfoot, tamping or grid rollers shall be capable of exerting a force of 45 Newton per millimeter of length of
roller drum.

 Steel-wheel rollers other than vibratory shall be capable of exerting a force of not less than 45 Newton per
millimeter of width of the compression roll or rolls

 Vibratory steel-wheel rollers shall have a minimum mass of 6 tonnes.

 Pneumatic-tire rollers shall have smooth tread tires of equal size that will provide a uniform compacting
pressure for the full width of the roller and capable of exerting a ground pressure of at least 550 kpa.

 Unacceptable control strip shall be corrected or removed and replaced at the Contractor's expense.

 A control strip shall have an area of approximately 335 square meters.

 Mean density of the control strip is less than 98 percent, the Engineer may order the construction of another
control strip.

 A New Density Control Strip

1. A change in the material or job-mix formula, is made.

2. Ten days of production have been accepted without construction of a new control strip.

3. There is reason to believe that a control strip density is not representative of the material being placed.

ITEM 107 - OVERHAUL

 Overhaul shall consist of authorized hauling more than the free- haul distance.

 Unless otherwise provided in the Contract, the free-haul distance shall be 600 meters.
ITEM 203 – LIME STABILIZED ROAD MIX BASE COURSE

 Plasticity index shall not be less than 4 nor more than 10.

 The aggregate shall have a mass percent of wear not exceeding 50 as determined by AASHTO Method T 96.

 The amount of lime to be added to the soil-aggregate shall be from 3 to 12 mass percent of the dry soil

 The mixture passing the 19 mm sieve shall have a minimum soaked CBR-value of 100%

 The 7-day compressive strength of laboratory specimen molded and compacted in accordance with ASTM D
1632 to a density of 100% of maximum dry density, 2.1 MPa.

 If the surface moisture of the soil-aggregate is more than 2 mass percent of the dry aggregate, the soil aggregate
shall be turned by blades or disc harrows or otherwise aerated until the moisture content is reduced to 2
percent or less.

 A typical slurry ratio is 1-ton lime to 2 cubic meter water.

 Initial rolling shall be performed with a pneumatic tire roller and final rolling with a 3-wheel or tandem-type
steel wheel roller. Rolling shall be discontinued whenever it begins to produce excessive pulverizing of the
aggregate or displacement of the mixture.

 Compaction shall continue until a field density of not less than 100% of the compacted maximum dry
density determined in accordance with AASHTO T 180, Method D

 Rapid drying for a period of at least five (5) days.

 Trial sections of the stabilized base shall be constructed at least 2 These shall conform to the weeks before
actual base construction.

 The Contractor will not be permitted to drive heavy equipment over completed portions prior to the end of five
(5) days curing period except pneumatic-tired equipment required for constructing adjoining sections.

ITEM 204 – PORTLAND CEMENT STABILIZED ROAD MIX BASE COURSE

 The amount of cement to be added to the soil-aggregate shall be from 6 to 10 mass percent of the dry soil.

ITEM 205 – ASPHALT STABILIZED ROAD MIX BASE COURSE

 The amount of asphaltic material to be added to the soil-aggregate shall be from 4 to 7 mass percent of the dry
soil-aggregate.
ITEM 205 – CHEMICALLY STABILIZED ROAD MIX SUBBASE/ BASE COURSE

 Polymer-based chemical soil additive shall be less than 2% by weight of soil

 Existing road sub-base/base materials shall be scarified by use of grader to a depth of 150mm to 200mm

 The dilution rate for sub-base/base shall be 1 part of polymer-based chemical soil additive and 5 to 9 parts
water

 Trial sections of the stabilized sub-base/base shall be constructed by the contractor at least 2 weeks before

 24 hours curing period

ITEM 207 – PORTLAND CEMENT TREATED PLANT MIX BASE COURSE

 Any material retained on a 50 mm sieve and other unsuitable material shall be removed.

 A maximum time of 2 hours shall be permitted for wet mixing

 The compaction and finishing shall be completed within 2 hours of the time water is added to the mixture.

 The rate of application shall be between 0.5 L/m2 to 1.00 L/m2

 Curing seal will be applied in enough quantity to provide a continuous over the base. The film shall be
maintained at least 5 days unless

ITEM 208 – AGGREGATE STOCKPILE

 The stockpiling and handling of aggregates shall be in accordance with clauses 65 and 66, Part H Control of
Materials of the latest DPWH Standard Specifications, Volume I, Requirements and Conditions of Contract.
ITEM 300 – AGGREGATE SURFACE COURSE

 Los Angeles Abrasion Test (AASHTO T 96) of not more than 45.

 When crushed aggregate is called for in the Bill of Quantities, not less than fifty (50) mass percent of the
particles retained on the 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve shall have at least one (1) fractured face.

 The fraction passing the 0.425 mm (No. 40) sieve shall have a liquid limit not greater than 35 and a plasticity
index range of 4 to 9

 CBR Value of not less than 80%

 Surface Course Thickness and Tolerances

Permitted variation from +15 mm design THICKNESS OF LAYER - 5mm

Permitted variation from +15 mm design LEVEL OF SURFACE - 5mm

Permitted SURFACE IRREGULARITY Measured by 3-m straight-edge 5 mm

Permitted variation from design CROSSFALL OR CAMBER +0.2%

Permitted variation from design LONGITUDINAL GRADE over 25 m in length +0.1%

ITEM 400 – PILING

 Load tests for piles shall be either Static or Pile Testing by Low- Strain Dynamic Method, High-Strain Dynamic
Method and Cross-Hole Sonic Logging.

 Piling not a part of the structure shall be removed or cut off at least 300mm below

 The load shall be applied in increments of 5 or 10 tonnes

 Gross settlement readings, loads and other data shall be recorded immediately after pumping has ceased and
again after an interval of two and one-half minutes for a total period of five (5) minutes.

 Low-Strain Dynamic Method requires the impact of only a small hand-held hammer, and also referred to as a
Non-Destructive Method

 5 to 10 blows for gravity hammers and the last 10 to 20 blows for steam hammers

 Required minimum penetration of all piles shall be six (6) meters. How ever, for exposed piles, the embedded
length shall be equal or greater than the exposed length but not less than 6.0m.
 In short bends, the distance from the center of the pile to a line stretched from the center of the pile above the
bend to the center of the pile below the bend shall not exceed four percent of the length of the bend or a
maximum of 65mm

 The minimum penetration of the preservative into the surface of the timber shall be 20 mm.

 All such holes shall be plugged with plugs approximately 2 mm larger in diameter than the bit used in boring the
holes.

 Concrete shall be proportioned to achieve a range of 6" to 8" (150 mm to 200 mm) slump

 Shells for cast-in-place concrete piles shall have a minimum 305 mm diameter at cut off and a minimum 203
mm diameter at tip: made from not less than 4.55 mm in thickness plate stock

 Unfilled Tubular Steel Piles, the wall thickness shall not be less than 4.76 mm.

 Steel H-Piles, the steel shall not contain less than one-fifth percent nor more than zero point thirty five percent
(0.35%) of copper

 Pile length and bearing capacity shall be determined by the Engineer from the results of the test piling and
load tests.

 Pile driving, they shall be driven within an allowed variation of 20 mm per meter of pile length

 Piles shall be used only in places where the minimum penetration of 3 m in firm materials, or 5 m in soft
materials can be obtained.

 Gravity hammers shall not weigh less than 60 percent of the combined weight of the pile and driving head but
not less than 2,000 kg

 The fall shall be regulated so as to avoid injury to the pile and shall in no case exceed 4.50 m for timber and
steel piles and 2.50 m for concrete piles

 Water jets, 690 KPa at two 19 mm jet nozzles.

 Form shall be water-tight and shall not be removed until at least twenty-four (24) hours after the concrete is
placed.

 Piles shall not be moved until the tests indicate that the concrete has attained a compressive strength of at
least 80 percent (80%) of the design 28-day compressive strength

 If testing equipment is not available, as in isolated areas, piles shall not be moved until after fourteen (14) days
after casting and shall not be transported or driven prior to 28 days after casting. If high early strength cement
is used, piles shall not be moved, transported or driven prior to 7 days after casting

 Splicing, 40 bar diameters for corrugated or deformed bars and 60 bar diameters for plain bars.

 Splicing of prestressed precast piles will generally not be permitted, but when permitted, it shall be made in
accordance with above
  The distance from the side of any pile to the nearest edge of the cap shall not be less than 200 mm.

 Any pile delivered with defects, or damaged in driving due to internal defects or by improper driving, or driven
out of its proper location, or driven below the elevation

 The sawed surface shall be thoroughly brush-coated with two (2) applications of hot creosote oil

 Keep records, within two (2) days after each pile is driven

 Concrete spacers or other approved noncorrosive spacing devices shall be used at sufficient intervals not
exceeding 1.50 meters along the shaft. When the size of the longitudinal reinforcing steel exceeds 25 mm, such
spacing shall not exceed 3.0 meters

 For piles less than 2.5 meters in diameter, the elapsed time from the beginning of concrete placement in the
shaft to the completion of placement shall not exceed 2 hours. For piles 2.50 meters and greater in diameter,
the concrete placing rate shall not be less than 9.0 meters of pile height per each 2-hour period

 The upper 1.5 meters of concrete shall be vibrated or rodded to a depth of 1.5 meter below the ground surface

 For at least 48 hours after pile concrete has been placed, no construction operations that would cause soil
movement adjacent to the shaft, other than mild vibration, shall be conducted.

 The vertical alignment of the shaft excavation shall not vary from the plan alignment by more than 20.83
mm/m of depth.

ITEM 401 – RAILING

 Bolts shall be of sufficient length to extend beyond the nuts by more than 25 mm.

 Moist tamped mortar precast members shall be removed from the molds as soon as practicable and shall be
kept damp for a period of at least ten (10) days

ITEM 402 – TIMBER STRUCTURES

 For general use, 195 kg by empty cell process . For marine use, 320 kg by full cell process

 The Engineer shall be notified at least ten (10) days in advance of the date that the treating process

 Caps, secured by drift bolts, set approximately at the center extending at least 230 mm into the post or piles.

 Wheel guards, laid in sections not less than 3.60 mm long.

 All caps shall be secured by driftbolts, set approximately at the center extending at least 230 mm into the post
or piles.
  The nailing of successive planks shall be staggered so that the spacing of nails along each stringer shall not be
less than 100mm.

 Planks for laminated or strip floors shall have a nominal thickness of 50 mm

ITEM 403 – METAL STRUCTURES

 Notice by the Contractor, at least 15 days prior to the beginning of work at the mill

 The term mil means any rolling mill, shop or foundry where material of the work is to be manufactured or
fabricated.

 Stock material shall be segregated into classes designated as "identified" or "unidentified"

 Edge Planing, Sheared edges of plates more than 15.9 mm in thickness and carrying calculated stresses shall be
planed to a depth of 6.3 mm.

 Abutting Joints, Where joints are not faced, the opening shall not exceed 6.3 mm

 End Connection Angles, angles shall be built to plan length back to back of connection angles with a permissible
tolerance of 0 mm to minus 1.6 mm.

 Fastener Holes, member composed of not more than five thickness of metal may be punched 1.6 mm larger
than the nominal diameter of the rivets or bolts whenever the thickness of the material is not greater than 19
mm for structural steel, 15.9 mm for high-strength steel or 12.7 mm for quenched and tempered alloy steel

 When there are more than five thicknesses or when any of the main material is thicker than 19 mm for
structural steel, 15.9 mm for high- strength steel, or 12.7 mm for quenched and tempered alloy steel,

 85 percent of the holes in any continuous group shall, after reaming or drilling, show no offset greater than
0.8 mm between adjacent thickness of metal.

 Rivets shall be heated uniformly to a "light cherry red color

 Turned Bolts, the surface of the body of turned bolts shall meet the ANSI roughness rating value of 125

 Bolted Connections, For each hardened flat washer that is used add 4 mm to the tabular value and for each
bevelled washer add 7.9 mm. The length determined shall be adjusted to the next longer 6.3 mm.

 End Connection Angles, permissible tolerance of 0 mm to minus 1.6 mm.

 At web splices, the clearance between the ends of the plates shall not exceed 9.5 mm.

*Read BLUEBOOK for further info about Bolt Connections

ITEM 404 – REINFORCING STEEL BARS

 Bars shall be tied at all intersections except where spacing is less than 300 mm

 . Unless otherwise shown on the Plans or as required by the Engineer, the minimum distance between bars
shall be 40 mm.

 Splices shall be staggered as far as possible and with a minimum separation of not less than 40 bar diameters.
Not more than one-third of the bars may be spliced in the same cross-section

 Lapped splices will not be permitted at locations where the concrete section is insufficient to provide minimum
clear distance of one and one-third the maximum size of coarse aggregate between the splice and the nearest
adjacent bar.

ITEM 405 – STRUCTURAL CONCRETE

 Portland Cement Batching, Accuracy of batching shall be within plus (+) or minus (-) 1 mass percent.

 Water Batching, The accuracy of measuring the water shall be within a range of error of not more than 1
percent.

 Aggregates Batching, Batching shall be conducted as to result in a two (2), mass percent maximum tolerance for
the required materials.

ITEM 406 – PRESTRESSED CONCRETE STRUCTURES

 For pretensioning work-samples at least 2 m long shall be furnished of each size of wire or strand proposed.

 Anchorage assemblies, two (2) anchorage assemblies shall be furnished, completed with distribution plates of
each size and type to be used.

 The pressure gauge, if used, shall have an accurate reading dial at least 154 mm in diameter

 The range of the load cell shall be such that the lower ten (10) percent of the manufacturer's rated capacity will
not be used in determining the jacking stress.

 When acceptable prestressing steel for post-tensioning is installed in ducts after completion of concrete curing,
and if stressing and grouting are completed within ten (10) calendar days

 No bond stress shall be transferred to the concrete, nor end anchorages released until the concrete has
attained a compressive strength, as shown by cylinder tests, of at least 28 MPa unless otherwise specified.’
  Tensioning of the prestressing reinforcement shall not be commenced until tests on concrete cylinders,
manufactured of the same concrete and cured under the same conditions, indicate that the concrete of the
particular member to be prestressed has attained compressive strength of at least 28 MPa

 Cast-in-place concrete shall not be post-tensioned until at least ten (10) days after the last concrete

 The falsework under the bottom slab supporting the superstructure shall not be released until a minimum of 48
hours have elapsed

 The water content shall be not more than 19 liters per sack of Cement

 Grouting equipment shall be capable of grouting at a pressure at least 0.6894 Mpa

 Grouting equipment shall be furnished with a pressure gauge having a full-scale reading of not more than 20.7
Mpa

 Standby flushing equipment capable of developing a pumping pressure of 1.72 Mpa.

 Composite Slab Construction, the width of the deck soffit shall be within +- 25 mm

ITEM 407 – CONCRETE STRUCTURES

 Lean Concrete, should have a minimum strength of 13.8 Mpa

 Concrete deposited in water shall be Class Seal concrete with a minimum cement content of 380 kg/m(3). The
slump of the concrete shall be maintained between 4 to 8 cm

 Curing must be done within a period of 7 days after the concrete has been placed.

 The joint seams shall have a minimum lap of 100 mm.

 A minimum of one temperature recording device per 50 m of continuous bed length will be required for
checking temperature.

 Falsework members shall be at least 300 mm clear of temporary protective railing members.

 A tremie shall consist of a tube having a diameter of not less than 250 mm constructed in sections having
flanged couplings fitted with gaskets with a hopper at the top.

 Concrete Surface Finishing. All concrete shall be given Class 1, Ordinary Finish and additionally any further finish
as specified. Unless otherwise specified, the following surfaces shall be given a Class 2, Rubbed Finish. The
exposed faces of piers, abutments, wingwalls, and retaining walls. 2. The outside faces of girders, T-beams,
slabs, columns, brackets, curbs, headwalls, railings, arch rings, spandrel walls and parapets

Class 1 - Ordinary Finish

Class 2 - Rubbed Finish
Class 3 - Floated Finish
ITEM 408 – STEEL BRIDGES

 The bridge seat bearing area shall be heavily coated with lead paint and then covered with three layers of 340.2
to 369.8 g

 No lead shall be placed upon them until the grout has set for at least 96 hours

 Rivet heads shall be full and symmetrical, concentric with the shank, and shall have full bearing all around.

ITEM 409 – WELDED STRUCTURAL STEEL

 Steel base metal to be welded shall be open-hearth or electric furnace steel

 The diameter of the hole for a plug weld shall not be less than the thickness of the part containing it plus 8 mm
nor shall it be greater than 2.25 times the thickness of the weld.

 The minimum center spacing of p lug welds shall be four times the diameter of the hole.

 The width of the slot shall not be less than the thickness of the part containing it plus 8 mm nor shall it be
greater than 2.25 times the thickness of the weld.

 The minimum spacing of lines of slot welds in a direction transverse to their length shall be 4 times the width of
the slot

 In the welding of members of such heavy section, the temperature of contiguous areas about a welding
operation shall be equal, and not less than 55°C.

 Arch welding, The maximum size for flat position welding of all passes except the root pass shall be 8 mm. The
maximum size for horizontal fillet welds shall be 6 mm.

 A single layer of the weld metal whether deposited in one pass or made up of several parallel beads, shall not
exceed 3 mm in thickness.

 Details of welds, the maximum size of fillet weld that may be used along the edge of material 6 mm or more in
thickness shall be 1.5 mm less than the thickness of the material.

 The minimum effective length of fillet weld shall be four times its size and in no case less than 38 mm.

 Intermittent fillet welds, preferably, shall not be used.

 Edges of material shall be trimmed by machining, chipping, grinding, or machine gas-cutting to produce a
satisfactory welding edge wherever such edge is thicker than: 13 mm for sheared edge of material; 16 mm for
toes of angles or rolled shapes (other than wide lfange sections); 25 mm for universal mill plate or edges of
flange sections.
  The width of root face used, shall be not more than 1.5 mm for parts less than 10 mm in thickness nor more
than 3 mm for parts 10 mm or more in thickness.

 The clear spacing in the direction of stress of stitch welds that connect plates to other plates or to shapes shall
not exceed:

1) For compression members – 10 times the thickness of the thinner part but not more than 300 mm
2) For tension members – 14 times the thickness of the thinner part but not more than 300 mm
3) The spacing transverse to the direction of stress shall not exceed 24 times the thickness of the thinner part
connected

ITEM 412 – ELASTOMERIC BEARING PADS

 Elastomeric bearing pads whose main function is to transfer loads or accommodate relative movement
between a bridge superstructure and its supporting structure, or both while avoiding damaging strain and
additional tension

 The elastomer of the manufacture of the bearing is furnished in two types which are:

1) Type CR-Chloroprene Rubber

2) Type NR- Natural Rubber

 A laminated bearing pad is required when the thickness of the plain pad is more than 31.75 mm and the
compressive strain is more than 15%

 The laminates shall have a minimum nominal thickness of 20 gage

 The minimum thickness of internal steel lam inates shall be 1.5 mm or (16 gage) when the greater of the length
or width of a rectangular bearing or diameter of a circular bearing is less than 450 mm. In all other cases, the
minimum thickness shall be 2 mm (14 gage).

 Variation from a plane parallel to a design surface shall not exceed an average slope of 0.005 for the upper
surface and 0.006 for a side surface.

 Properties of Elastomer

Tensile Strength - 15.5 (min)

Elongation – 400 (min/type NR-60), 300 (min/type NR-70), 350 (type CR-60), 300 (type CR-70)
Tear Resistance – 31.5 (min)
Compression – 25 (max/type NR), 35 (max/type CR)

 Bearings shall be placed on surfaces that are plane to within 1.6 mm and unless the bearings are placed in
opposing pairs, horizontal to within 0.01 radians.
  Exterior plates of the bearing shall not be welded unless at least 38.1 mm of steel exists between the weld and
the elastomer

 A minimum of three bearings shall be taken from the lot for testing. If the number of bearings in the lot exceeds
50 then for each additional 50 or part thereof, one additional bearing shall be taken for testing.

 If there are at least three separate surface cracks which are at least 2 mm wide and 2 mm deep the bearing shall
be rejected.

 Record the median compressive stiffness (K) of the bearing of median stiffness. The compressive stiffness of
each bearing tested shall not differ from (K) by more than 10%.

ITEM 414 – FORMS AND FALSEWORKS

 The assumed density of concrete, reinforcing steel, and forms shall be not less than 2600 kilograms per cubic
meter for normal concrete and not less than 2100 kilograms per cubic meter for lightweight concrete.

 The total vertical design load used shall be not less than 4800 Pascals.

 in no case is the assumed horizontal load shall be less than 2 percent of the total supported dead load at the
location under consideration.

 Where spread footing type foundation are used, determine the bearing capacity of the soil. The maximum
allowable bearing capacity for foundation material, other than rock, is 190 kilo Pascals.

 . Unless the excavation for footings is adequately supported by shoring, the edge of the footings shall not be
closer than 1.2 meters of the depth of excavation, whichever is greater, from the edge of the excavation.

 Chords do not vary from a true curve by more than 15 millimeters at any point.
ITEM 415 – ELASTOMERIC, HOT APPLIED JOINT SEALANT WITH SINGLE-SIZED AGGREGATES FOR BRIDGE EXPANSION
JOINTS

 The joint filler combines an elastomer modified bitumen binder and selected single-sized aggregates for the
strength and flexibility of the joint. It accommodates up to ±25 mm movement in horizontal direction but it
can move in all directions.

 Properties of Bituminous Materials

Softening Point – 95 to 115

Flow Resistance – 5 max
Safe heating temp – 220 max
Pouring Temp – 190 to 210
Safe heating time – 7 max

 Joint Depth Stone size

50 mm to 75 mm 14 mm or 20 mm

76 mm to 100 mm 20 m

ITEM 500 – PIPE CULVERTS AND STORM DRAINS

 Joint mortar for concrete pipes shall consist of 1 part, by volume of Portland Cement and two (2) parts of
approved sand

 Bedding, shall conform to one of the classes specified. When no bedding class is specified, the requirements for
Class C bedding shall apply.

 Class A bedding shall consist of a continuous concrete cradle conforming to the plan details.

 Class B bedding shall consist of bedding the conduit to a depth of not less than 30 percent of the vertical
outside diameter of the conduit.

 Class C bedding shall consist of bedding the conduit to a depth of not less than 10 percent of its total height.

 Elliptical and elliptically reinforced conduits shall be placed with the major axis within 5 degrees of a vertical
plane through the longitudinal axis of the conduit.

 Field Strutting, Ties and struts shall be 300 mm in place until the embankment is completed and compacted,
unless otherwise shown on the Plans.

 Oakum for joints in bell and spigot pipes shall be made from hemp (Cannavis Sativa) line or Benares Sunn fiber
or from a combination of these fibers. The oakum shall be thoroughly corded and finished and practically free
from lumps, dirt and extraneous matter.
  The minimum thickness of bedding material beneath the pipe shall be 100 mm.

 The bedding material shall be sand or selected sandy soil all of which passes a 9.5 mm sieve and not more than
10 percent of which passes a 0.075 mm sieve

 Elliptical and elliptically reinforced conduits shall be placed with the major axis within 5 degrees of a vertical
plane through the longitudinal axis of the conduit.

 Ties and struts shall be 300 mm in place until the embankment is completed and compacted

ITEM 501 – UNDERDRAINS

 A minimum of 150 mm bedding layer of granular backfill material shall be placed and compacted at the bottom
of the trench for its full width and length.

ITEM 502 – MANHOLES, INLETS AND CATCH BASINS

 Joints mortar shall be composed of one part Portland Cement and two parts fine aggregate by volume to which
hydrated lime has been added in an amount equal to 10 percent of the cement by weight.

 Pre-cast Concrete Units — These units shall be cast in substantial permanent steel forms. Structural concrete
used shall attain a minimum 28-day compressive strength of 20.682 MPa.

 Water absorption of individual cores taken from such units shall not exceed 7 percent.

ITEM 503 – DRAINAGE STEEL GRATING WITH FRAME

 Strength, Classification and the Loading Conditions for Slump, Trench and Box Grates

Class A — Test Load 10kN

For locations trafficked only by pedestrians, wheelchairs and cyclists — inaccessible to motor vehicles by virtue of barriers,
narrow passages or stepped or unpaved approaches.

Class B — Test Load 80kN

For locations normally trafficked by pedestrians and slow moving passenger cars or light agricultural tractors. These
locations include areas accessible to infrequent slow moving heavy trucks. Typical locations include footpaths, ground
level and multistoried car parks, suburban driveways and back yards.
Class C — Test Load 150kN

For locations trafficked by slow moving fully laden trucks such as pedestrians, malls and industrial or commercial areas.

Class D — Test Load 210kN

For locations trafficked by fast moving fully laden trucks and forklifts with wheel loads to 5.0T. This includes all public
roads from residential to freeway.

Class E, F or G — Test Load 400kN, 600kN or 900kN

For locations subject to vehicles such as large forklifts, earthmoving or container handling equipment and aircraft.
Typical locations include wharves, container storage areas, heavy industry or construction sites and domestic or
international airports.

 The steel frame clear openings of drainage grates shall be 15mm larger than nominal sizes of industry standard
sized pits. These pits increases in size in increments of 150mm.

 Tolerances of Steel Grating Material

Thickness = ± 0.20mm

Width = ± 0.80mm

Length = + 50mm/NIL mm

Straightness 6mm in each 1.5m length

ITEM 506 – STONE MASONRY

 Sizes and Shapes — Unless other sizes are shown on the Plans, stones shall have a thickness of not less than
150 mm

 The maximum projection of rock faces beyond the pitch lines shall not be more than 50 mm.

 Mortar that is not used within 90 minutes after the water has been added shall be discarded. Retempering of
mortar will not be permitted.

 Bes for face stones may vary from 20 mm to 50 mm in thickness. They shall not extend in an unbroken line
through more than 5 stones.

 Joints may vary from 20 mm to 50 mm in thickness. They may be at angles with the vertical from 0 to 45’
ITEM 510 – CONCRETE SLOPE PROTECTION

 Unless otherwise specified, the concrete slabs shall not be greater than 4m by 4m

 Concrete shall be Class B

ITEM 512 – EROSION CONTROL MATS, ROVING, AND CELLULAR CONFINEMENT SYSTEMS

 Straw mats - shall be clean agricultural straw made from oats, wheat, rye, or other grain crops that is free from
weeds, mold, or other objectionable material and furnished in an air-dry condition suitable for placing with
mulch blower equipment.

1) Straw Erosion Control Mat Specification

Moisture Content – 240

Photodegradable netting on one side 5 to 20 mm square mesh – 1.5
*Moisture Content shall not exceed 20%

2) Jute mesh shall have a uniform open plain weave fabricated from jute yarn that does not vary thickness by
more than half its normal diameter.
Mesh size – 25 by 25 mm max
Mesh mass – 0.5 kg/m + 5%

3) Excelsior Blanket shall be uniform thickness of curled wood excelsior secured on the top side…
Excelsior Fibers – 200 mm length - 80% min.
Mesh size - 25 mm by 50 mm
Blanket mass/Area - 0.53+0.05 kg/m’2

4) Mulch Blanket shall be 3 to 13 mm thick blanket having a minimum mass of 0.27 kg/m’2

 Coconut Mat has 16 to 25 mm opening

 Synthetic Erosion Control mats and meshes Properties

Color - Green
Thickness, mm, min -6
Strength - 1590 x 525
Elongation - 50
Porosity - 85
Resiliency - 80
Ultraviolet Stability - 80
ITEM 513 – PERMANENT GROUND ANCHORS

 At least 30 days before work is to begin, the Contractor shall submit to the Engineer for review and approval
complete working drawings and design calculations describing the ground anchor system or systems

 Grout shall be capable of reaching a cube strength (AASHTO T 106) of 25 MPa in 7 days.

 Steel Elements, Bearing Plates shall be fabricated from steel conforming AASTHO.. Grade 36 minimum

 Corrosion Protection Elements, Seamless polyethylene (PE)/ polypropylene tube having a minimum wall thickness
of 1.5 mm plus or minus 0.25 mm.

 . The minimum tube wall thickness before shrinking shall be 0.60 mm. The minimum adhesive sealant thickness
shall be 0.50 mm.

 Corrugated polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tube having a minimum wall thickness of 0.75 mm

 Corrugated high-density polyethylene (HDPE) tube having a minimum wall thickness of 0.75 mm and
conforming to AASHTO M 252 requirements.

 Deformed steel tube or pipe having a minimum wall thickness of 0.625 mm.

 The centralizer shall be able to maintain the position of the tendon so that a minimum of 13 mm of grout cover
is obtained on the tendons, or over the encapsulation

 The design load does not exceed 60% of the minimum guaranteed ultimate tensile strength of the tendon

 The maximum test load does not exceed 80% of the minimum guaranteed ultimate tensile strength of the tendon.

 The minimum tendon bond length shall be 3 m in rock, 4.5 m in soil or as shown on the Plans, which shall not be
less than 3 m.

 The unbonded length of the tendon shall be a minimum of 4.5m

 After grouting, the tendon shall not be loaded for a minimum of 3 days.

 Pressure grouting requires that the drill hole be sealed and that the grout be injected until a 0.35 MPa grout
pressure can be maintained on the grout within the bond length for a period of 5 minutes.

 The Contractor shall test each ground anchor using a maximum test load not to exceed 80% of the minimum
ultimate tensile strength of the tendon. No load greater than 10% of the design load may be applied to the
ground anchor prior to load testing
ITEM 514 – SHOTCRETE

 Penetrating Stain

Weatherometer on base material 1000h

Acrylic dispersion 73.4% of nonvolatile vehicle

Viscocity 58+-2 Krebs Unit

Solids Volatile Content 40.3

 Shotcrete Aggregate Requirements

Material passing No. 200 sieve, AASHTO T 11 3% max.

Sand equivalent value, AASHTO T 176, 75 min.

Los Angeles abrasion, AASHTO T 96 40% max

Adherent coating, ASTM D 5711 1% max.

 The PVC drainpipes shall also be 40 mm diameter un- elasticized or as approved by the Engineer.

 Minimum Cement Content (Kg/m’ - 325

 Maximum water/cement Ration - 0.55 (wet), 0.50 (dry), 0.45 (wet/dry air entrained)

 Minimum 28-Day Strength - 28 MPa

 Sample shall be taken from every batch of shotcrete mixture after at least 0.20 m3 are discharge and before
placing any of the batches

 The maximum allowable design discharge time shall be 3.5 hours

 Field Trials. Test panels shall be constructed from 600 millimeter by 600 millimeter by 150 millimeters wood
forms.

 Coring. Six 75-millimeter diameter cores shall be taken from each test panel

 Compressive Strength Testing. The cores shall be soaked in water for 40 hours immediately before testing.
Three cores from each test panel shall be tested

 The temperature of the shotcrete mix shall be maintained between 100°C and 300°

 Shotcrete shall be placed when the surface and ambient temperature is at least 5°C

 All shotcrete shall be cured uninterrupted for at least 7 days.

  Layer thickness of each shotcrete application shal l be limited to 50 millimeters.

 Shotcrete shall be maintained at a temperature above 5’C until shotcrete has achieved a minimum compressive
strength of 5.2 Mpa.

 Field Trials. Test panels shall be constructed from millimeter by 600 millimeter by 150 millimeters wood forms

 Coring. Six 75-millimeter diameter cores shall be taken from each test panel

 Compressive Strength Testing. The cores shall be soaked in water for 40 hours immediately before testing.
Three cores from each test panel shall be tested four days after the field trial and the remaining three cores shall
be tested 28 days after the field trial.

 Shotcrete shall be applied within 45 minutes of adding cement to the mixture.

 Construction joints shall be tapered to a thin edge over a distance of at least 300 millimeters

 Minimum slump of wet-mix shotcrete shall be 25 mm.

ITEM 515 – MECHANICALLY – STABILIZED EARTH (MSE) RETAINING WALL

 Concrete shall have a minimum compressive strength of 30 MPa at 28 days.

 Concrete panels shall be fully supported until the concrete has reached a minimum compressive strength of 7
MPa

 The concrete panels shall be shipped and installed after the concrete has reached a minimum compressive
strength of 24 MPa.

 Concrete facing panels shall have a minimum thickness of 140 mm and a m inimum concrete cover on
reinforcing steel of 37.5 mm.

 If the select granular backfill materials are subjected to five (5) cycles of sodium sulfate soundness test, the
weighted loss shall not exceed 15 mass percent.

 The material shall have a Plasticity Index of not more than 6.

 Electrochemical requirements for Mechanically-Stabilized Earth (MSE) retaining walls with metallic
reinforcement req’:

Resistivity – 3000
pH level - 5.0 to 10.0
Sulfate Content - 200 ppm max
Chloride Content – 100 ppm max
  A minimum horizontal bench 1.20 meters wide shall be provided in front of walls founded on slopes

 Level and layout the foundation for a width equal to the length of reinforcing elements plus 0.5 meter.

 The concrete leveling pad shall be allowed to cure for at least 12 hours before the wall erection.

 Designed batter of the wall shall not deviate by more than 25 millimeters per 3 meters of wall height.

 The minimum wall embedment shall be 300 mm unless otherwise shown on the Plans or as established by the
Engineer.

ITEM 516 – WET STONE MASONRY (COBBLE STONE)

 Concrete and Mortar Grout Req.

Cap, base and partition wall concrete - 210 kg/cm’2 Compressive str at 28 days
Filling Concrete - 100 kg/cm’2 Compressive str at 28 days
Filling Mortar - One part water, two parts Portland Cement and Six parts Sand (weight

 Stone materials shall be those deposited in riverbed, or broken or crushed rock at the quarry site, rounded or
cubiform in shape having a specific gravity of not less than 2.5

 The compacted gravel bedding shall have a thickness of 200 mm

 Weepholes shall be placed at the lowest points where the outlets of water can be obtained and shall be spaced
not more than three (3) meters center to center

ITEM 520 – HYDROSEEDING

 This Item shall consist of furnishing grass seeds mixed with an airtrol geobinder, cellulose fiber mulch, cocopeat
and fertilizer to form into a consistent and homogenous slurry and then sprayed evenly on the ground

 Grass seeds Requirements

Permanent Ground Cover Grass Seed Centrosa 50% Calopogonium 50% - 80 to 100kg/ha.

Temporary Grass Nursing Seed White Millet — 30 kg/ha.

Seed Purity 85%

Germination 80 — 90% Average

 Adaptability Tropical

 The application rate for Geobinder Airtrol should be 1,500 kg/ha

 Cellulose Fiber Mulch Requirements

Moisture Content 15-20%

Organic Matter 99.5%

Water Holding Capacity 100 grams DW will hold 1,000 grams of water

pH Level 5.5 to 6.0% Dry Weight (DW) of water

Mulching Rate 1850 kg/hectare

ITEM 603 – GUARD RAILS

 Posts shall be set vertically in the position shown on the Plans and where embedded in a concrete
foundation block, shall remain undisturbed for a minimum of 48 hours.

 The space around the post shall be backfilled to the ground line with approved material in layers not exceeding
100 mm

 Bolts shall be of sufficient length to extend beyond the nuts at least 5 mm but not more than 10 mm

 The first 200 mm of posts above the ground shall be painted with two coats of black paint

ITEM 604 – FENCING

 The barbed wire shall consist of 2 strands of 12.5 gauge wire, twisted with 2 points, 14 gauge barbs spaced 100
mm apart.

 The posts shall be copper bearing steel

 Where splicing of the fence fabric is necessary, or at joints, the lapping of the chain link fence fabric shall be for
a minimum of 100 mm and shall occur only at the post.
ITEM 608 – TOPSOIL

 Topsoil shall contain not less than five (5) percent organic matter as determined by loss or ignition of samples
oven-dried to constant weight.

 After inspect ion and approval by the Engineer and prior to stripping any topsoil, the Contractor shall remove
noxious weeds and tall grass, brush roots and stones larger than 50 mm in diameter.

 The topsoil shall be evenly spread on the areas and to the line and level shown on the Plans, and compacted
with a light roller to a depth of not less than 100 mm.

 It shall be obtained from well-drained arable land and shall be reasonably free from roots, hard clay, coarse
gravel, stones larger than 50 mm in size, coarse sand, noxious seeds, sticks, brush, litter and other deleterious
substances

ITEM 609 – SPRIGGING

 Sprigs shall be healthy living stems (stolons or rhizomes) with attached roots or perennial turf-forming grasses
of the kinds shown on the Plans, harvested without adhering soil and obtained from approved sources

 To begin harvesting, grass and woods shall be mowed to a height of 50 to 75 mm and all clippings removed

 Not more than 24 hours shall elapse between harvesting and planting sprigs

 These materials shall be incorporated into the soil to a depth of not less than 50 mm by disking, raking or other
methods acceptable to the Engineer.

 Broadcast Sprigging — Sprigs shall be broadcast by hand or by suitable equipment in a uniform layer over the
prepared surface with spacing between sprigs not to exceed 150 mm

 Row Sprigging — Furrows shall be opened along the approximate contour of slopes at the spacing and
depth indicated on the Plans. Sprigs shall be placed without delay in continuous row in the open furrow with
successive sprigs touching and shall be covered immediately.

 Spot Sprigging — Spot sprigging shall be performed as specified under row sprigging, except that, instead of
planting in continuous rows, groups of four sprigs or more shall be spaced 450 mm apart in the row
ITEM 610 – SODDING

 At the time the sod is cut, the grass on the sod shall have a length of approximately 50 mm

 The sod shall be cut into uniform squares approximately 300 mm x 300 mm

 On all slopes steeper than one vertical to four horizontal, sod shall be pegged with stakes 200-300 mm in length

 The thickness of the sod shall be uniform as possible approximately 40 mm or more depending on the nature of
the sod, so that practically all of the dense root system of the grasses will be retained

 The soil on the area to be sodded shall be loosened and brought to a reasonably fine texture to a depth of not
less than 30 mm by means of equipment on hand methods adapted for the purpose

 The sod shall be placed thereon within 24 hours after the same has been cut.

ITEM 613 – CONCRETE JOINT SEALANT (HOT-POURED ELASTIC AND COLD-APPLIED TYPES)

 Physical Requirements (for hot-poured elastic type)

Pour point - at least 11’C lower than the safe heating temp
Penetration - Non-immersed at 25’C and 150 grams for 5 seconds shall not exceed 90
Flow - At 60’C shall not exceed 5 mm when tested for 5 Hours

 Physical Requirements (for cold-applied type)

Pour point – The material shall pour or extrude readily at a temperature of 21’C
Penetration – The sealing compound, after curing shall have a penetration at 25’C and 150 grams for 5 seconds
not greater 235
Flow – the sealing compound after curing shall flow not in excess of 5mm.

 Joints shall be filled in a neat workmanlike manner from flush to 5mm below the adjacent pavement surface.

 In the absence of temperature range, applications above 32°C shall not be permitted.

 The sample portion added to and heated in the melter shall weigh 800 +- 50 g. Samples for testing of cold
application type shall consist of sufficient quantities of each component to provide 3.785 liters of sealant
material.
ITEM 614 – WATERSTOPS

 Waterstops are precision engineered concrete devices for vertical and horizontal expansion joints between
cast-in-place concrete units where conditions may subject the concrete to hydro-static pressure or moisture
seepage.

 Rubber Waterstops Requirement

Hardness (shore durometer) 60 — 70

Tensile Strength 17Mpa, min

Elongation at breaking 450%, min.

Water Absorption by (% by weight) 5%, max.

Tensile Strength after accelerated aging, oxygen-pressure method 80% of original, min.

 Plastic Waterstops Requirement

Tensile strength 9.6 MPa

Elongation at breaking 250% min

Hardness (shore durometer) 60 to 75

Specific Gravity

Water Absorption 0.50% max

Volatile Loss

Low Temperature Brittleness passed at 350’F

ITEM 700 – HYDRAULIC CEMENT

 The compressive strength of mortar samples tested at 7 days can be considered for acceptance of cement
quality provided that the strength of the samples at 7 days is not less than 23.46 MPa which is 85% of the
compressive strength requirement for 28 days (27.6 MPa)

ITEM 701 – CONSTRUCTION LIME (HYDRATED)

 Types of Lime
Type N - Normal hydrated lime for masonry purposes
Type S - Special hydrated lime for masonry purposes
Type NA - Normal air-entraining hydrated lime for masonry purposes
Type SA - Special air-entraining hydrated lime for masonry purposes.

 Hydrated lime mortar made with Type N (normal hydrated lime) or Type NA, after suction for 60 seconds shall
have a water retention value of not less than 75 percent and not less than 85% for Type S and SA

 If the samples are taken elsewhere than at the place of manufacture, such samples shall be taken within 24
hours of the receipt of the material.

ITEM 703A – MINERAL FILLER

 The mineral filler shall have a plasticity index not greater than 4

 A sampling tube may be used that takes a core not less than 25 mm diameter.

 Reduce the field sample to a minimum size of 2.5 kg to submit for testing, using the method of quartering.

ITEM 715 – GEOTEXTILES

 During periods of shipment and storage, the fabric shall be protected from direct sunlight, ultra-violet rays,
temperatures greater than 60°C, mud, dust, and debris.

 Fibers used in the manufacture of geotextiles, and the threads used in joining geotextiles by sewing, shall
consist of long-chain synthetic polymers, composed of at least 85 percent by mass polyolefins, polyesters,
or polyamids.

 Sewing is recommended where subgrade soils have a CBR value less than 1.

 In trenches, after placing the backfill material, the geotextile shall be folded over the top of the filter material to
produce a minimum overlap of 300 mm for trenches greater than 300 mm wide.

 The geotextile shall be spliced together only at a support post with a minimum 150 mm overlap.