ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 1

Annotated Bibliography:
Colonias and UTEP

Daniel Vidal
The University of Texas of El Paso
RWS 1301
Dr. Vierra
October 22, 2018
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Research Questions

1. Where Colonias poverty are more prevalent in the United States?

2. Who is affected by colonias poverty in U.S?

3. How colonias poverty affect people?

4. Does colonias poverty affects student success?

5. What is colonias poverty?

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Annotated Bibliography

What Is Rhetoric? Reflection

Based on the reading of “What is Rhetoric?” we can say that Covino and Jolliffe try to

explain the definition of Rhetoric, but they explained in different prospectives, this word has to

interpretive its meaning.

The word “Rhetoric” is not a content area that contains a specific body of knowledge,

might be the understanding of shaping content. The word “Rhetoric” has different meaning based

on the point of view of the text. Rhetoric is a hard word to describe because for you can be one

thing and for others can be another option.

Reflection Wardle and Downs

Based on Wardle and Downs overview of rhetoric (pp.447-456). Rhetoric is a difficult

word to define, it has too many meanings, but you need to understand it based on the text you are

reading. Rhetoric is human interactions through language and symbols. Humans, make symbols

that represent something specific for us, and that could be a meaning for rhetoric, the

interpretation and examination of that symbol language. However, this language is not the same

for everyone, people interpret those meanings differently, one person can say it’s red and the

other can say it’s blue, it is all based on different perceptions.

Rhetoric attempts to explain how people communicate. Meaning depends on context.

Depends on the situation you are is the meaning of the word you said. Your reactions are

different from one meaning to the other.

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The best way to understand rhetorical situation is an ecology, where an interaction

involves; people, events, objects, time, place and many more. From where every element needs

from each other.

Different bodies experiences different meanings because of the people around them, or

even the culture plays an important role of shape meaning-making.

Rose Reflection
Based on the reading about Rose (1980) (pp.782-802), we can conclude that Mike Rose is

examining about the writing process, how is the path this process must follow to compose a good

text. Also, Rose give examples of what the writers think is true about writing, and Rose knows

that because he knows how the writing process begins with.

Theorist believe that some stress, conflicts, in information in some aspects, seems to

trigger problem-solving behavior. Man pass by elaborated information problem-solving routine

to find the solution of the problem.

The construction of rules is advancing with the problem-solving of earlier.

The beginning is important, is everything. At first you have to grab reader’s attention.

Overall, the explanation of the writing process is complicated but satisfactory when

finished. You have to revise, revise, revise.

Deavers and Hoppe Reflection (1950)

Rural poverty is not the same as farm poverty, farm poverty rate was 30.1% , which is

more higher than the rural non-farming families with 17.4% (pp.3).

Median income of rural farm people was only half of the urban people in 1950. By 1980,

median income of rural farm people was the same as rural-nonfarming people of around 15,954

(nonfarm rural) and 16,498 (rural farm) (pp.3-4). Improvements increased from farmers because
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of the decrease of people living in farms, from between 1050 to 1985, population from17.7

million people to 5.4 million.

Fitchen Reflection
Based on Fitchen article, poverty can be easily seen, farms were left because of the

difficulty of living in farms and gain money to live, they rather get a stable job to have a stable

salary to maintain their families and have a better life. The poverty in New York countries

classified as “the most rural” in 1980 was 16 percent tied to New York city’s metropolitan rate.

Those rural countries had 11.2 percent of unemployment, compared to 6.2 percent in

metropolitan countries. Rural countries earned only 77 percent of the median of families incomes

of metropolitan countries. (pp.177).

Monograph Reflection
Based on the Book American Poverty in a New Era of Reform by Harrel R. Rodgers,

Poverty is very expensive to pay for the government it cost around $300 billion per year to

subsidize this economic issue. An estimate 35 million people are poor in American territory and

around 40 percent of those people were kids (in 1997). The government try to help all these

people to convert them from poor to economically productive and self-reliant. Helping the poor

is like an investment, first you help them to overcome poverty and after they help you with the

economy by paying taxes, working to produce more products and more money for the country.

Anthology Reflection

The growing problem of earnings in Rural areas

In 1987, in rural areas three out ten American people worked full-time jobs and even

though they worked full-time, were considered poor, by earning less money to maintain a family

of four and lift them out of poverty. Three out of four of those people earning below the poor line
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were helped by the government. This problem increased around 30% more between 1979 and

1987.

During 1960’s and 1970’s rural areas started going well because of these new sources

they discovered, like mining, agriculture, and energy booming. These unexpected changes make

the people move from urban to rural places and made a growth on economy in the late 1970’s

and continuing into 1980’s. After this growth, rural works experienced a hard decay and started

experiencing difficult times when the prices went up, and taxes were high. Rural people couldn’t

maintain the monetary balance needed to live and fell into poverty again. (pp.21-31)

Alvarez Reflection
According to Alvarez, people coming from poor colonias are not always failure people

(talking about educational purposes), they are the most hard-working people, they can sacrifice

their living conditions, even living away from their families. They probably do not have the best

clothing, the best computer, may be they do not even have a computer, but if they want to study,

they probably are going to risk materialistic objects to accomplish their goal of having a degree

in their hands. Alvarez says “How would you like to sleep in a petate? Would you have lived in a

miner village if their idea of the new dorms meant sleeping in tents?. Students have overcome

many adversities to come to the first project to provide college-level educational…” (lines 1-13).

Nunez Reflection
Based on Nunez article, The University of Texas at El Paso is conformed of around

seventy different cultures and ethnicities of its students, making the university an international

university. Being these students legally settled, the most dominant country is Mexico, with

approximately one thousand three hundred (1300) students. Because of its location, relatively

closeness to cities of Mexico, such as Juarez, Villahumada, Anapra, making it easier to students

to have an opportunity of getting a higher-level education.

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UTEP has financial assistance to those Mexican/American students which needs this type

of financial help from the PASE Program. (pp 5).

Gorski Reflection
According to Gorski, Students are the most affected talking about poverty, because now a

days teachers ask for research homework, searching terms, searching information or anything

with the intention to bring reliable information for the student to learn from the investigation, but

in some cases people do not have to afford a computer or access to internet, and it is hard for

them to have the information needed. One good example is “when Gorski went to a high-poverty

school and asked who had access to internet at home and only few raised their hand, and after

asked, how many of you had homework to be a computer to complete it, and everybody raised

their hand” (pp.49). Poverty can be a big barrier to complete education even at lower education

levels.

Krashen reflection
According to Krashen, Schools can be a part of help for poor, by providing free full

access to libraries. This can be so much helpful for poor because by giving free access help them

to research everything they need to search, without them having a computer or having access to

internet at home. “Students most in need of academic support may have fewer opportunities to

use school libraries than affluent and middle-class students who may not need as many

supports.” (pp.144). By receiving this support for those people that are in need, schools would

have better students and better academic performance.

Saportio Reflection
Based on Saporito’s article, families make choices about schools based on their wealthy,

they get considerations about the teachers, environment based on people and area located.
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Wealthier families hold legitime concerns about the poverty around and in the school, they want

their children to be in touch with their same social status (pp.1228).

Poverty being a big problem in the United States, can be calculated (poverty in

elementary schools of the 21 largest school districts in United States). Poverty in children

(qualified for free lunch) in public schools ranges from 14 to 77 percent (pp. 1231), 58.3 percent

of children from public schools were poor (table 1, pp. 1232).

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References

Covino, W., & Jolliffe, D. (1995). What Is Rhetoric? Retrieved from

https://blackboardlearn.utep.edu/bbcswebdav/pid-2314019-dt-content-rid-

51093803_1/courses/15875.201910/Covino & Joliffe 2014 What is Rhetoric.pdf

Alvarez, D. (2003, We think we have it rough! The Prospector.

Deavers, Kenneth L. and Hoppe, Robert A. (1989). Overview of the rural poor in the 1980s. In

Duncan, Cynthia M. and Sweet Stephen (Ed.), Rural poverty in america (pp. 3-20)

Auburn House.

Duncan, C. M., & Gorham, L. (1992). Rural poverty in America. London: Auburn House.

Fitchen, J. M. Rural poverty in the northeast: The case of upstate new york. In C. M. Duncan

(Ed.), Rural poverty in america (pp. 177-200) Auburn House.

Gibson, M. A. (1982). Reputation and respectability: How competing cultural systems affect

students' performance in school. Anthropology & Education Quarterly, 13(1), 3-28.

Gorski, P. (2013). Building a pedagogy of engagement for students in poverty. The Phi Delta

Kappan, 95(1), 48-52. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/23617759

Nunez, S. (2013, February 5 2013). Hjc. The Prospector,

Pribesh, S., Gavigan, K., & Dickinson, G. (2011). The Access Gap: Poverty and Characteristics

of School Library Media Centers. The Library Quarterly: Information, Community,

Policy,81(2), 143-160. doi:10.1086/658868

Rodgers, H. R. (2015). American poverty in a new era of reform. London ; New York:

Routledge, Taylor et Francis Group, pp.21-27

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Rose, Mike. “Rigid Rules, Inflexible Plans, and the Stifling of Language: A Cognitivist Analysis

of Writer’s Block.” College Composition and Communication, vol. 31, no. 4, Dec. 1980,

pp. 380-401.

Saporito, S., & Deenesh Sohoni. (2007). Mapping Educational Inequality: Concentrations of

Poverty among Poor and Minority Students in Public Schools. Social Forces, 85(3),

1227-1253. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/4494971