APPLICATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC METHODS FOR IDUCHER

IDENTIFICATION IN
PARK UNIVERSITY TANJUNGPURA
Joko Sampurno1 *
1 Department of Physics, FMIPA, Tanjungpura University, Pontianak1 *
* jokosampurno@physics.untan.ac.id
ABSTRACT

Has been identified groundwater distribution in Taman Tanjungpura University by value soil
conductivity. The method used to identify the distribution soil conductivity is the method of
electromagnetic conductivity (EM-conductivity) Depth measurements vary from 3 meters to
6 meters from ground level The results of this study indicate that the variation of conductivity
values ranges from 0 mS / m up 240mS / m. The aquifer point is interpreted as a zone that has
a conductivity value more than 150 mS / m. Based on the value, it is suspected that there are
2 (two) zones aquifers ie shallow aquifers and deep aquifers.
Keywords: Electromagnetic, groundwater, koductivity
1. INTRODUCTION
Electromagnetic method (EM) is one of the most frequent methods of geophysics used for
various purposes. Some applications of this method include is gas hydrate detection
(Weitemeyer, et al., 2011), hydrocarbon reservoir classification potential (Houck, 2012),
mapping the fluid distribution in the reservoir (Marsala, et al., 2013), and identification of
fertilizer distribution on agricultural land (Kuseno, et al., 2014) One of the objects that can be
identified by the EM method is the determination position of groundwater catch (aquifer).
Sharma (1997) states that the EM method is very effective to separate objects having
significant conductivity differences to the surrounding environment on overburden mass
(cover) conditions relatively shallow. Aquifers are objects that have significant conductivity
differences to the environment, so the EM method can be used to detect the position Iiver. In
this study, the EM method was used to identify the aquifer position at Taman Universitas
Tanjungpura. Information about the aquifer position is required as reference in determining
the location of the wellbore. This well is needed as a source water reserves in the park
maintenance process.

2. RESEARCH METHODS

Stages of activities undertaken in this study include data acquisition, data processing and
interpretation. Data acquisition is done in Park environment University of Tanjungpura,
Pontianak, West Kalimantan. Research object in the form of garden open area of 130m x
165m. Position coordinate measurements using local coordinates where point [0,0] is located
at UTM coordinates 49M 315857.00 mE and 9993483.00 mS. The location of data capture
can be seen in Figure 1.
 Figure 1. Research Sites at Taman Universitas Tanjungpura Pontianak
(Google Earth, 2015)

Data acquisition process is done by using some equipment such as: a set of GF Instrument
CMD-4, meter and GPS (Global Positioning System).

Figure 2. GF Instrument CMD-4: (a) 3 probes, (b) main unit

The electromagnetic (EM) survey is basically applied to find out the downward response the
surface uses the resulting electromagnetic wave propagation the existence of alternating
current and magnetic field. The primary magnetic field is generated by the current back and
forth through a coil of wire windings. Response the subsurface is a secondary magnetic field
and the resultant field is detected as an alternating current inducing an electric current on the
receiving coil (receiver) as a result of magnetic field induction (Kearey, et al., 2002).

The primary magnetic field is generated by passing the AC current through the coil
wire on the transmitter. The primary magnetic field will propagate above and below ground
level. If there is conductive material beneath the surface, the magnetic field primers that
change over time will induce such material emerged electric field rotation (Flow Eddy). Then
the electric field will be generates a secondary magnetic field that the receiver will detect.
Receiver also detects the primary magnetic field (the field the receiver detects is
combinations of different primary and secondary in phase and amplitude). After
compensation for the main field (which can be calculated from the relative position and the
orientation of coil), both the magnitude and the relative phase of the secondary field can be
measured. The difference in the resultant field of the primer provides information about
geometry, size and properties electricity from underground conductors (Kearey, et al., 2002).
After obtaining primary EM field difference and secondary EM field, can be
determined the conductivity of the subsurface mineral, given the following equation
(Reynolds, 1997):
with, σa = quasi-conductivity (Siemen / m)
Hs = secondary magnetic field (A / m)
Hp = primary magnetic field (A / m)
ω = 2πf, f is the frequency of the EM wave (f in Hz)
μ0 = permeability of vacuum
s = distance between transmitter and receiver (meter)

3. DISCUSSION
The process of data acquisition using two data retrieval system that is loop system vertical
coplanar (VCP) and a horizontal coplanar (HCP) loop system.

Figure 4. Configuration of EM-Conductivity (a) a horizontal coplanar loop system (HCP)

and (b) The vertical coplanar (VCP) loop system
From these two systems, two conductivity distributions are obtained. HCP system resulting in
a soil conductivity distribution at a depth of six meters while VCP system produces soil
conductivity distribution at a depth of three meters. Distribution of ground conductivity at a
depth of three meters can be seen on
Figure 6. with, σa = quasi-conductivity (Siemen / m)
Hs = secondary magnetic field (A / m)
Hp = primary magnetic field (A / m)
ω = 2πf, f is the frequency of the EM wave (f in Hz)
μ0 = permeability of vacuum
s = distance between transmitter and receiver (meter)

Distribution of ground conductivity at a depth of three meters can be seen on Figure 6.

Based on Figure 5 we can see the distribution of soil conductivity values ranging from
0 to 240 mS / m. The predicted aquifer conductivity value is between 150 to 220 mS / m. The
position of the aquifer is suspected to be in the marked area Red circle. At this depth the
identified aquifer positions are only one zone only.
Distribution of soil conductivity at a depth of six meters can be seen on Figure 6.

Based on Figure 6 we can see the distribution of conductivity values the soil ranges
from 0 to 220 mS / m. The position of the aquifer is suspected to be in that area is given a red
circle. The aquifer conductivity value is predicted to be between 150 up to 220 mS / m. Based
on this range of values it can be assumed there are 2 (two) pieces of zone aquifers.
In the first position (zone A), the aquifer is composed of three small zones with
center of the aquifer in the middle of the zoan. This position is consistent with the aquifer
position on depth of 3m. this shows that the aquifer in that position has shallow depths. In the
second position (zone B) the aquifer tends to form pebbles that spread to the north and east,
this aquifer zone is found only in depth of 6 meters only. At a depth of 3 meters the aquifer
zone at this point is not identified. This shows that the aquifer is at a depth
4. CONCLUSION
The results of this study indicate that the variation of conductivity values at depth 3
meters from the ground surface ranges from 0 mS / m to 220 mS / m, while at a depth of 6
meters from the ground surface conductivity value ranges from 0mS / m to 240mS / m. From
these two distributions the conductivity value can be interpreted that there are two aquifer
points with a conductivity value of more than 150 mS / m. Based on these values, it is
suspected that there are 2 (two) aquifer zones that is shallow aquifer and deep aquifers.
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