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LESSON PLAN
MPF 06
N20L8QM
REVISED 07/01/2008
INTRODUCTION (3 MIN)
1. GAIN ATTENTION.
(Slide 1)
Why do you think that we have an entire class on command relationships? Aren’t
they easy to understand? I know who my boss is. And I know who my boss’s boss
is. However, above and beyond that the command and control structure can become
confusing. Ultimately what we should always strive for is to make command
relationships as consistent as possible to ensure continuity and to reduce the
potential for confusion. This information will assist the student in the
practical exercise portion of this course.
(Slide 2)
• Command relationships
(Slide 3)
To familiarize students with the Unified Command Plan, the different types of
command relationships, and the past and present command relationships between
the Commander, Maritime Prepositioning Force (CMPF) and the MAGTF Commander.
(1) With the aid of a reference, explain the role of the military
departments and services in accordance with MCWP 3-32.
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INSTRUCTOR NOTE. Take a minute to read over your TLOs and ELOs. Once everyone
looks up I will know when to begin.
(Slide 4)
These are the references associated with the lecture.
TRANSITION. Are there any questions about what we will be covering, how we
will cover it, or how you will be evaluated? Good, now let’s discuss unified
command structure.
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(Slide 5)
The President and Secretary of Defense (SECDEF) make up the “Former National
Command Authority” and exercise authority and control of the Armed Forces
through a single chain of command with two distinct branches.
The first branch is the Military Departments and Services which is more
administrative in nature and the second is the Unified Command Structure which
is more operational. Both branches of this Chain of Command (COC) work together
to prepare, train, and employ the armed forces of the United States.
(Slide 6)
The first branch in the COC runs from the President, to the Secretary of
Defense, directly to the commanders of combatant commands for missions and
forces assigned to their commands. The President and SECDEF exercise civilian
control over the Armed Forces. By law, the President is the only one granted
authority to deploy forces and execute military operations. The President and
SECDEF are also statutory members of the National Security Council (NSC).
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(Slide 7)
So what does this mean for MPF? It is the president and the Secretary of
Defense’s responsibility to 1) Provide a mission statement to the joint staff
(JS) and 2) Provide an initial decision to deploy or employ forces.
(Slide 8)
This graphic depicts those two distinct branches in the COC with the President
of the US and the SecDef together making up the Former National Command
Authority.
(Slide 9)
The Military Departments and Services are responsible for the support of the
Armed Forces. There are three Departments and four services. The Military
Departments, organized separately, each operate under the authority, direction,
and control of the Secretary of Defense.
(Slide 10)
Q) So what kinds of things does the CNO and CMC decide or us?
(Slide 11)
(Slide 12) is hidden b/c it has 10 combatant Commanders (6 Geographic) for when
AFRICA COMMAND comes on line as Unified Command on 1 October 2008.
Here is a list of the Geographic Combatant Commands along with their current
Commanders. The commands are in order from youngest to oldest.
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(Slide 15)
USCENTCOM was established January 1, 1983. It is the location where man service
members are currently deployed (ie Bahrain, Djibouti, Africa, Kuwait, Oman,
Pakistan, Qatar, and UAE. Its HQ is at MacDill AF Base in Tampa, Florida and
foreign HQ at Al Udeid Air Base in Qatar. As its name implies it covers the
“central” area of the globe located b/t the European and Pacific Commands.
After Pres. Jimmy Carter established the RRJTF in March 1980, President Ronald
Reagon took steps to provide a stronger, more lasting solution in the region and
transformed the RDJTF into a permanent unified command over a 2 year period.
Thus… Central Command.
Southern Command AOR encompases 32 nations in Central and South America. Its
HQ is located in Miami, Florida.
Pacific Command was established as a unified command on 1 January 1947, and it is the oldest and
largest of the United States' unified commands. There are 39 independent states within the
geographic boundaries of the USPACOM AOR. It includes the west coast of the US
to the east coast of Africa, encompassing EastAsia, Southeast Asia, Alaska,
Madagascar and Australia. Its HQ is in Camp Smith, Hawaii.
Here is a list of the Functional Combatant Commands along with their current
Commanders.
(Slide 18)
Q) Of these four Functional Combatant Commands, which one do you think plays the
biggest role in MPF?
(Slide 19)
A) Transcom.
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(1) Surface Deployment and Distribution Command (SDDC). SDDC provides ocean
terminal, commercial ocean liner service and traffic management services to
deploy, sustain and redeploy U.S. forces on a global basis. The command is
responsible for surface transportation and is the interface between DOD shippers
and the commercial transportation carrier industry.
(2) Military Sealift Command (MSC). MSC provides sealift transportation services
to deploy, sustain and redeploy U.S. forces around the globe. MSC provides
sealift with a fleet of government-owned and chartered U.S.-flagged ships.
(3) Air Mobility Command (AMC). AMC provides strategic and tactical airlift,
air refueling, and aeromedical evacuation services for deploying, sustaining and
redeploying U.S. forces wherever they are needed.
(Slide 20)
Combatant Commander
-Allocate resources
(Slide 21)
A good analogy for how the Military Department and services and the combatant
commander work together can be the board game of risk. For example, it would be
the military department and services that get to decide what colors to paint the
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individual game pieces in, if each piece should be given a sword or shield or
riding a horse. The combatant commander would then be the one to move those
individual pieces strategically around the world map to best support the mission.
(Slide 22)
(Slide 23)
So as you can see, we already talked about the Unified Command Structure, now we
will continue on down the COC first starting with the Service Component Commands.
(Slide 24)
(Slide 25)
(Slide 26)
This wire diagram depicts the command relationship between the Combatant Command
and the Service component Commanders.
(Slide 27)
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Q) Now if this Combatant Commander was Pacific Command, then who would be the
Navy’s Service Component Command?
(Click).
(Slide 28)
Q) Again, if this Combatant Commander was Pacific Command, then who would be the
Marine Service Component Command?
(Click).
(Slide 29)
The Commander of the Marine Corps Forces (COMMARFOR) is the Service component
commander to the JFC. Some of their responsibilities include: Provide
recommendations on Marine Forces employment, Coordinate planning efforts, and
Coordinate with Commander USTRANSCOM.
(Slide 30)
Broken down into Commander, Naval Surface Forces (ie Surfpac), Commander Naval
Air Forces, Commander MSC, Commander, Naval Construction Force, Commander Fleet
Hospital, Commander, Naval Expeditionary Logistics Support Force.
(Slide 31)
(Slide 32)
Functional componency can be appropriate when forces from two or more Services
operate in the same dimension or medium. A joint force land component commander
(JFLCC) is one example. Functional component staffs should be joint with
Service representation in approximate proportion to the mix of subordinate
forces.
(Slide 33)
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(Slide 34)
Subordinate Unified Commands. When authorized through the Chairman of the Joint
Chiefs of Staff (CJCS), commanders of unified commands may establish subordinate
unified commands (also called subunified commands) to conduct operations on a
continuing basis in accordance with the criteria set forth for unified commands.
A subordinate unified command may be established on a geographic area or
functional basis. Commanders of subordinate unified commands have functions and
responsibilities similar to those of the commanders of unified commands and
exercise operational control (OPCON) of assigned commands and forces within the
assigned joint operations area (JOA) or functional area. Currently, there are
seven authorized subunified commands; three within the U. S. Joint Forces
command, and four in the U. S. Pacific Command.
(Slide 35)
For example, in US Pacific Command there are four Subordinate Unified Commands.
They are US Forces Japan, US Forces Korea, Alaska Command and Special Operations
Command Pacific.
(Slide 36)
Joint Task Force (JTF). A JTF is a joint force that is constituted and so
designated by the Secretary of Defense, a combatant commander, a subordinate
unified command commander, or an existing JTF commander. Commanders of JTFs
(CJTFs) are responsible to the JTF-establishing authority and exercise OPCON
over assigned forces and normally exercise OPCON over attached forces. JTF
staffs are normally augmented with representatives from component commands of
the establishing headquarters. JTF operations are normally operational in
nature, conducted to achieve operational-level objectives. A JTF is dissolved
by the proper authority when the purpose for which it was created has been
achieved or when it is no longer required.
(Slide 37)
For example, in US Pacific Command there is Joint Task force Interagency West
(JIATF). This JTF is there to conduct activities to detect, disrupt and
dismantle drug-related transnational threats in Asia and the Pacific.
(Slide 38)
US Forces Japan, US Forces Korea, Alaska Command and Special Operations Command
Pacific= Subordinate Unified Commands
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(Slide 39)
(Slide 40)
Transition. Are there any questions on the material I just covered? If not,
let’s move on down the Chain of Command until to see how the C2 structure
affects the units who are apart of the MPF Operation.
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(Slide 41)
Review of C2.
Again there is one COC that is divided into two distinct branches. One is more
administrative in nature and the other more operational. Both branches work
together to train, equip, support and employ the military forces.
(Slide 42)
(Slide 43)
The CG of the MEF is responsible for planning, executing and supporting MAGTF
Operations. Other responsibilities include: Establish units for MPF deployments,
liaison with Commander, USTRANSCOM, Help assist in COA development, TPFDD data
development and MCB and MCAS support.
(Slide 44)
Numbered Fleet Commanders (2d, 3d, 5th, 6th, and 7th) perform the following tasks
at the direction of the JFC, Service or functional component commander:
Designate the CMPF, Exercise OPCON over NAVFOR, Task organize NAVFOR, request,
coordinate and direct support forces, Provide protection for NAVFOR and MPSRON.
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(Slide 45)
Fleet Locations
(Slide 46)
(Slide 47)
(Slide 48)
(Slide 49)
(Slide 50)
The Naval Component Cmdr provides trained Navy Forces and authoritative
direction to MPSRON
(Slide 51)
Numbered Flt Cmdr designates CMPF and provides security (ships come in after
click)
(Slide 52)
(Slide 53)
The MAGTF Commander deploys forces via either the Fly In Echelon or the Flight
Ferry.
(Slide 54)
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(Slide 55)
(Slide 56)
(Slide 57)
(Slide 58)
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(Slide 59)
So to put it in simpler terms. COCOM is like owning the mortgage. What can you
so if you own a mortage to a house?
A) Paint walls, demolish walls, landscape, pretty much anything you want.
OPCON is like a short term lease. For example renting an apartment. What can
you do if you are renting an apartment?
A) Paint walls… but have to paint them back. A lot more restrictive.
Finally, TACON is like a one night stay like when you stay in a hotel. What can
you do if you are staying in a hotel? Can you pain the walls? Move the
furniture?
(Slide 60)
Obviously the most important type of support exercised in the MPF Command and
Control relationship is direct support.
(Slide 61)
(Slide 62)
Background and Current Doctrine. Doctrine in the NWP 22-10/FMFM 1-5 used
amphibious doctrine as a starting point for MPF C2 structures. Traditionally,
the Commander, Maritime Prepositioning Force (CMPF) was designated and regarded
as the senior commander for leading the MPF operation. Below CMPF was a triad
of organizations: the MAGTF, Navy Support Element (NSE), and the Maritime
Prepositioning Force Squadron (MPSRON). These structures did not fulfill all
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(Slide 63)
This graphic depicts how the C2 used to look for the MPF
(Slide 64)
But this C2 structure didn’t really work b/c in MPF there are 2 different kinds
of operations.
(1) Independent MPF Operations. Independent operations are those in which the
MPF MAGTF becomes part of a JTF that involves no other MARFOR or those in which the MPF
as the JTF supports an Allied endeavor. The key identifier is that the MPF MAGTF
remains an independent entity that is not subsumed into another MARFOR.
(Slide 65)
Did not fulfill all the specific requirements in MPF operation b/c it did not
take into account the differences between MPF and amphibious ops
A) Definitely not.
(Slide 66)
(Slide 67)
(Slide 68)
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during MPF operations. If Army prepositioning forces require off-load after MPF
operations are concluded, then the NAVFOR could be given a general or direct
support mission to assist in their off-load.
(Slide 69)
This graphic depicts the current doctrine where the CMPF is in direct support of
the Commander of the MAGTF.
(Slide 70)
This graphic depicts the current doctrine where the CMPF is in direct support of
the Commander of the MAGTF.
(Slide 71)
Planning Phase. The principal responsibilities are related to preparing the MPF
for deployment. The MPF MAGTF commander and CMPF will coordinate for the early
departure of the Survey, Liaison, Reconnaissance Party (SLRP) and the Off-load
Preparation Party (OPP)..
(Slide 72)
Marshaling Phase.
The marshaling phase begins on the arrival of the first element at the
designated marshaling point and ends at the departure of the last troops from
the departure airfield. Operational control of the MAGTF and CMPF is passed to
the establishing authority (supported Unified Commander, JTF commander, CATF, or
Commander, Landing Force (CLF) (depending on the type of operation)).
(b) CMPF. Coordinating the marshaling of the NSE with the MAGTF.
(Slide 73)
Movement Phase. The movement phase consists of the movement of the force by air
and sea to the arrival and assembly area (AAA). The movement phase begins on
liftoff of the first aircraft from the departure airfield or when the MPSRON
begins transit to a designated AAA. This phase ends when the last Fly-in
Echelon (FIE) aircraft arrives in the AAA, and when the last ship arrives at the
off-load point. Successful performances of arrival and assembly functions are
dependent on a well-planned and executed movement plan. Responsibilities are
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shared by both commanders. The CMPF coordinates movement of the MPSRON and the
MAGTF Commander coordinates movement of all FIE elements.
(Slide 74)
The arrival and assembly phases begins on arrival of the first MPS or the first
aircraft of the main body at the designated AAA. This phase ends when adequate
equipment and supplies are off-loaded and issues to awaiting units, command and
control communications are established, and the MAGTF commander reports that all
essential elements of the MAGTF have attained combat readiness. Responsibility
during this phase separates at the port and beach (high water mark).
(b) CMPF. Retains OPCON of assigned Navy elements and the MPSRON,
and conducts off-load operations according to priorities established by the
MAGTF Commander. The CNSE conducts the ship-to-shore (STS) movement of MPE/S.
Ensures MPS off-load safety, efficiency, and timelines are met.
(Slide 75)
(Slide 76)
(Slide 77)
SUMMARY (1 MIN)
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ATTACHMENTS: None.
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