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Sami Yangui∗ , Roch H. Glitho∗ , Fatna Belqami† , Monique J. Morrow‡ and Paul A. Polakos§
∗ CIISE, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
{s_yangui, glitho}@encs.concordia.ca
† Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
Fatna.Belqasmi@zu.ac.ae
‡ Cisco systems, Zurich, Switzerland.
mmorrow@cisco.com
§ Cisco systems, New York, NY, USA.
ppolakos@cisco.com
Abstract—Internet of Things (IoT) is expected to enable a services compositions approach; and (iii) a set of work in
myriad of end-user applications by interconnecting physical which contributors focus only on a sub-set of functionality.
objects. Cloud computing is a promising paradigm for provi-
sioning IoT end-user applications in a cost-efficient manner. A. Virtual vertical-based approach
IoT end-user applications are provisioned in cloud settings
using PaaS and offered as SaaS. This paper focuses on the PaaS In [1], the authors propose a PaaS architecture and
aspects of IoT end-user applications provisioning. It critically implementation based on the concepts of virtual verticals.
reviews the state of the art. The critical review discusses the A virtual vertical consists of a set of resources and ser-
PaaS on the whole spectrum of IoT verticals and also the PaaS vices, provided by a given IoT IaaS in the form of an
dealing with specific IoT verticals.
isolated virtual solution at the PaaS. The vertical solution
Keywords-Cloud computing; Internet of Things (IoT); Plat- can be assimilated to the hosting environment of IoT end-
form as-a-Service (PaaS); user applications and can be customized in relation to the
physical objects they use. The technical PaaS services (e.g.
I. I NTRODUCTION
monitoring) can be shared horizontally between the vertical
Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the ever-growing per- solutions.
vasive network of various objects connected over the Inter- For the end-user application deployment, the same authors
net. These objects are able to interact and cooperate with propose in [2] to extend Topology and Orchestration Spec-
their neighbors through unique addressing schemes seeking ification for Cloud Applications (TOSCA) specifications in
to reach a common goal. This emerging infrastructure of order to support IoT end-user applications provisioning.
objects will certainly enable a plethora of novel end-user
applications. Efficiency in resource usage, scalability, elas- B. Services compositions approach
ticity and easy development are the key requirements in these In [3], the authors propose an open-source PaaS for smart
applications. Notably, cloud computing might aid in meeting city end-user applications. It provides features to discover
these requirements. and compose services in order to build and deploy end-user
IoT end-user applications are provisioned in cloud settings applications upstream smart objects. The architecture of the
using PaaS and offered as SaaS. It should be noted that PaaS consists of a marketplace, a runtime engine and an
existing PaaS (e.g. Cloud Foundry, OpenShift and Heroku) ingestion layer.
are not convenient for IoT end-user applications provi- The marketplace provides GUIs for developers to operate
sioning. However, several approaches have been recently the reusable services. The runtime engine is the component
proposed for PaaS, aiming at the provisioning of IoT end- responsible for deploying the end-user applications. This
user applications. This paper will discuss them. In the next engine is based on an extension of Cloud Foundry PaaS.
section, the works that propose PaaS supporting the whole The ingestion layer provides the APIs and the interfaces
spectrum of IoT verticals are reviewed. In the third section, to connect and make the services interact with the smart
the works that propose PaaS for specific IoT verticals (e.g. objects.
PaaS for robots, PaaS for Wireless Sensors Network) are
reviewed. The final section concludes the paper. C. Focus on sub-set of functionality
Some work concentrate on a single aspect of provisioning
II. PAA S FOR W HOLE S PECTRUM OF I OT V ERTICALS IoT end-user applications in PaaS. For example, the authors
These works are classified into three groups of ap- introduce an IoT-oriented data storage framework at the PaaS
proaches: (i) The virtual vertical-based approach; (ii) the in [4]. The proposed framework allows (i) processing the
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