Structural Audit of Buildings

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for

the award of degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

In

CIVIL ENGINEERING

By

PRAKASH V. SHIRSAT

Under the guidance of

Shri P. R. Puri

THE INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERS (INDIA)

(2014)
 Index

Sr. Description Page No.

No.
1 Introduction 1

2 Definition 2

2.1 Objectives and Scope of Structural Audit 2

2.2 Statutory Requirements (Bye-Laws) 3

3 Structural Audit – Methodology 3

3.1 Study of Drawing and Data 3

3.2 Visual Inspection 4

3.3 Non Destructive Testing 6

3.4 Comparison of Non Destructive Tests 8

3.5 Pushover Analysis 8

3.6 Common Problems Identified During Assessment 9

3.7 Inferences & Remedial Measures 10

3.8 Repairs Procedure 11

3.9 Structural Engineer - Qualifications and Expectations 15

3.10 Conclusion 15

Case Study 17-32

Annexure I 33

Annexure II 34
 Structural Audit of Buildings
1. Introduction

There are number of buildings which are old and deteriorated due to ageing

effect and occupying such buildings may endanger the lives of the occupants

and surrounding habitation. For such buildings it is necessary to analyze their

stability and carry out remedial measures for further extension of their useful

life. Thus, it is utmost important to perform structural audit of existing buildings

and to implement maintenance/ repair work timely, which will lead to

prolonged life of the building and safety of the occupant.

It is the responsibility of the Municipal Corporation / local body to keep record

of all structures within their jurisdiction and issue notices to the buildings and

co-operative societies which are old and seems to be dilapidated. Normally

the structural audit is insisted for the structures which are more than 30 years

old or the structures appearing in distressed condition though less than 30

years old.

Structural audit is expected to investigate and highlight all critical areas of the

building and recommend immediate remedial and preventive measures for the

same. The audit covers structural analysis and finds critical elements for all

types of loadings.

Structural audit involves activities like study of drawings and data, visual

inspection, non-destructive testing, inferences and suggesting remedial

measures, repairs methodology, etc.

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2. Definition

Structural Audit is an overall health and performance checkup of a building. It

is an important tool for knowing the real status of the old buildings. The Audit

investigate all the risk areas, critical areas and tells whether the building

needs immediate attention. It also covers the structural analysis of the existing

frame and pinpoint the weak structural areas for static, wind & earthquake

loads.

2.1. Objectives and Scope of Structural Audit

The objectives of structural audit are listed below:

i) To save human life and property.

ii) To understand the condition of building

iii) To find critical areas to repair immediately

iv) To comply with Municipal or any other statutory requirements.

v) To enhance life cycle of building by suggesting preventive and

corrective measures like repairs and retrofitting

To achieve these objectives Structural Audit report should investigate the

following:

i) Quality of original construction and construction material.

ii) Status of periodic maintenance of the building.

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 iii) Modifications, alterations and additions carried out in past.

iv) Unwanted load on the building.

v) Deterioration or decay or damage to the RCC members and

identification of the same.

vi) Priorities of different repair work.

vii) Success or failure of previous major repair.

viii)Leakages (inter flat, facade, terrace, etc).

2.2. Statutory Requirements (Bye-Laws)

As per clause No.77 of ‘Revised Bye-Laws of Cooperative Housing Societies’,

the Society shall cause the ‘Structural Audit’ of the building as follows:

i) For building aging between 15 to 30 years once in 5 years

ii) For building aging above 30 years Once in 3 years

3. Structural Audit – Methodology

Various steps involved in carrying out structural audit are as follows

3.1. Study of Drawing and Data

The first step in structural audit is to study the available architectural and

structural drawings and to understand the design criteria. The design

calculations can be studied and verified with the existing structure details.

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 If structural drawings are not available, as built drawings shall be prepared by

an engineer for further reference. Other technical data like year of

construction, type of construction, major problems faced by occupants like

leakage / vibrations / spalling of concrete etc. shall be collected for further

assessment.

3.2. Visual Inspection

Visual inspection is carried out to recognize the type of structural defects,

identify signs of structural distress and deformation, identify alteration/addition

and overloading in the structure, etc.

The visual inspection report consists of following information along with the

photographs and sketches.

i) General information of the building

a) Name and address of the building

b) Number of stories in each block of building

c) Description of main usage of building viz. Residential, commercial,

institutional

d) Maintenance history of the building

ii) Structural system of the building

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 a) Sub structure assessment : Settlement of columns or foundations,

Settlement of walls and floors, Deflection and cracks in Retaining wall,

Soil bearing capacity through trial pits or from adjacent soil data

b) Super structure assessment: Materials used and framing system of

structure, identification of the critical structural members like floating

columns, transfer beams, slender members, rusting of exposed steel

and its extent, etc.

The status of all building elements like beams, slabs, columns,

balconies, canopy, false ceiling, chajja, parapet and railings with

respect to parameters of deflection, cracks, leakages and spalling of

concrete shall be mentioned clearly. Also the status of water tank,

staircase, lift and lift machine room, etc shall be verified and reported.

iii) Addition or alterations in the building

Alteration or addition in the building are identified in terms of change of

occupancy, change of partition walls, change in position of toilets, water

tank, addition in loadings- stacking, alteration of balcony, etc.

iv) Dampness and leakages

Dampness and leakage is one of the major indicator of deterioration of the

building. Hence dampness in walls shall be detected properly. Leakages in

terrace, toilets, plumbing lines, drainage lines and overhead tanks shall be

indentified and reported.

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3.3. Non Destructive Testing

In addition to visual inspection, the real strength and quality of a concrete

structure need to be checked for proper assessment of the structure. Various

non-destructive tests are used for this purpose. A number of non-destructive

tests (NDT) for concrete members are available to determine strength and

quality of concrete. These tests are very useful in assessment of damage to

RCC structures subjected to corrosion, chemical attack, fire and other

reasons. These tests have been put under four categories depending on the

purpose of test as under. It is important that the testing scheme shall be

prepared based on preliminary survey of the building/structure.

3.3.1. Concrete Strength

i) Rebound Hammer Test - To measure surface hardness and in situ

compressive strength of cover concrete.

ii) Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Test - To assess homogeneity, structural

integrity of concrete and to assess strength of concrete qualitatively.

iii) Core Sampling and Testing - Field cum lab test method to measure

compressive strength, density, texture, permeability of concrete.

3.3.2. Chemical Analysis

i) Carbonation Test - To assess depth of carbonation and pH of concrete.

ii) Chloride Test - To assess total water/acid soluble chlorides in the

concrete.

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 iii) Sulfate Test - To assess total water/acid soluble sulfates in the concrete.

3.3.3. Corrosion Potential Assessment

i) Cover Meter Test - To measure the thickness of protective concrete cover

to reinforcing bars, reinforcement diameters, reinforcement spacing, etc.

ii) Half Cell Potentiometer Test - To assess probability of corrosion in the

embedded steel.

iii) Permeability Test - To assess permeability of concrete due to water and

air.

3.3.4. Structural Homogeneity and Integrity Assessment

i) Ultrasonic pulse Velocity Test - A field method for determination of

discontinuities, cracks and depth of cracks in concrete.

ii) Radar - A field method for determination of subsurface voids, other

subsurface anomalies and other changes in the density of individual

components or between components in a composite structure.

iii) Infrared Camera Inspection - Infrared inspections are done with a thermal

camera, which shows surface temperature differences indicating problems

like voids and leakages.

iv) Endoscopic inspection – It is internal visual inspection of structures carried

out with industrial endoscopes or bore scopes through small access holes

without costly disruption and re-instatement. All kinds of structure can be

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 inspected in this way, including cavity-walls, under-floor and between-floor

voids, ceiling and roof spaces.

3.4. Comparison of Non Destructive Tests

Sr.
Test Dependability Cost Time
No.

i) Rebound Hammer Low Economic Rapid

ii) Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Medium to high Economic Rapid

iii) Core Sampling High Moderate More time

iv) Chemical Analysis High Moderate More time

v) Cover Meter Medium to High Economic Rapid

vi) Half Cell potentiometer Medium to high Economic Rapid

vii) Permeability Test High Economic Rapid

viii) Ultrasonic pulse velocity High Economic Rapid

ix) Radar High High Rapid

x) Infrared Camera Inspection High Moderate Rapid

xi) Endoscopic inspection High Moderate Rapid

3.5. Pushover Analysis

Generally Push over analysis is used to understand the existing capacity of

structure for seismic and gravity loading. The seismic evaluation of existing

buildings compares their capacity against earthquake demand at specific site.

It gives idea about the potential earthquake-caused risk to building and steps

required towards human life safety.

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 The Earthquake Code IS 1893-2002 provides rigorous analysis and designs

of Building structures so that it can withstand the Earthquake forces. It may be

possible to retrofit the old buildings, so that they do not collapse during

Earthquake.

3.6. Common Problems Identified During Assessment

Based on the above inspection, analysis and test results, the critical areas

that need immediate repairs and retrofitting are concluded in the report. For

example: number of columns requiring immediate repair and strengthening,

repair of critical slab and beams, water proofing of terrace, toilet blocks,

cracks in walls or structural elements etc.

Water stagnation, plaster cracking, paint peeling, fungus growth and cracking

of protective cover concrete are very common problems in buildings.

Problems and their varieties vary from building to building and every problem

may be unique in nature. Some of the common problems are listed below.

i) Leakages – It may be in flat, facade, terrace, through corroded plumbing

and sanitary fitting including concealed pipes, leaking joints of drainage

and rainwater pipes, sewer line choke-ups, etc.

ii) Termite and rat ingress.

iii) Cracks - Cracks on building facade, open cracks in beams and columns,

diagonal cracks in wall near window sills, mushy cracks on entire plaster,

extensive cracking in chajja and worn out edges.

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 iv) Deterioration in RCC - Falling of concrete and exposed corroded steel

bars, separation gaps in wall near RCC columns and beams, excessive

deflection in slab and beam, Vegetation / plants / weeds growth at

inaccessible areas.

v) Unauthorized modifications/alterations.

vi) Failure of any repair carried out in past.

3.7. Inferences & Remedial Measures

Based on the audit findings and recommendations different measures of

repairs and strengthening are carried out. According to ACI 546R-04, to repair

is to replace or correct deteriorated, damaged, or faulty materials,

components, or elements of a structural system. From this point of view,

repair may be divided into structural repair and serviceability repair. The

former refers to the restoration of lost sectional or monolithic properties of

damaged members, while the later refers to the restoration of structural

surfaces to a satisfactory operational standard. Excluding technical

considerations, the ultimate choice of method of repair and strengthening of a

concrete structure may also be influenced by factors like the size of individual

repairs, access for repair, relative cost, ease of application, available labor

skills and equipments and client requirements including future maintenance

and economic considerations.

Commonly suggested repair techniques are as follows.

i) Polymer modified mortar treatment.

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 ii) Micro concrete treatment.

iii) Jacketing to columns.

iv) Recasting of slabs/ chajjas.

v) Water proofing treatment.

3.8. Repairs Procedure

3.8.1. Typical procedure for repairing damaged R.C.C. members

i) Erect temporary Steel props in required position, to relieve partial loading

on the structure.

ii) Carefully expose damaged plaster by plaster breaker or hammer & chisel.

iii) Expose the damaged RCC members wherever found loose including

cleaning the rusted reinforcement with light tapping, wire brushing.

iv) Passivate the cleaned reinforcement with rust passivator using Rusticide.

v) Apply protective coating to the rust passivated reinforcement.

vi) Apply bonding coat to the entire surface (after watering the surface). Next

coat shall be applied within time of 10 to 15 min.

vii) Apply polymer modified cementitious mortar to the damaged R.C.C.

members (with 10 mm cover to the reinforcement) in proportion of 1:5:15

(i.e. Polymer : Cement : Quartz Sand) by weight. OR

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 viii)Carry out strengthening and repairing of damaged R.C.C. members by

using Micro concrete. OR

ix) Jacket the existing columns to be strengthened by means of jacketing up

to the top of footing, top & bottom of beam/slab or up to the level as per

site conditions. Only required parts of the walls near columns shall be

broken carefully for shuttering purpose.

3.8.2. Typical procedure for attending plaster cracks

i) Clean the cracks so as to be free from dust.

ii) Moisten the surface with water.

iii) Fill the cracks with polymer manually – 2 to 3 repetitions.

iv) Apply 2 coats of Polymer coating with 1 part of Polymer mixed to 1.5 part

of cement by weight and adding water for workability.

a) Apply first coat of Polymer.

b) After one day interval apply second coat.

c) Sprinkle curing 2 to 3 days.

3.8.3. Typical procedure for re plaster of damage portion / loose plaster

i) Identify the loose plaster pockets and break / dismantle the same.

ii) Apply jet of water and clean the opened loose plaster surfaces.

iii) Hack the joints and fill with cement mortar and cure.

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 iv) Apply one coat of cement slurry for old brick masonry.

v) For R.C.C. Members like column, beam, slab, chhajas, pardi etc. apply

bonding coat from approved suppliers.

vi) Apply two coats water proof plastering for external surfaces of walls.

a) Apply first coat of plaster 12mm thick

b) Curing 3 days after first coat.

c) Apply second coat of plaster 8 mm thick or match the existing plaster.

d) After second coat of plaster curing is required minimum 7 days.

3.8.4. Repair of RCC slab showing spalling / bulging -

i) Remove the cracked concrete cover.

ii) Clean reinforcement using wire brush, apply “RUSTICIDE” using cotton

swab. Remove “RUSTICIDE” after 24 hours using wire brush.

iii) Apply rust passivator to reinforcement to arrest further corrosion.

iv) If available diameter of main reinforcement is lesser than 20% of original

size due to corrosion, these slabs should be re-casted.

v) Remaining distressed slabs should be repaired by polymer modified

mortar treatment.

3.8.5. Waterproofing

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i) Existing waterproofing, parapet wall plaster should be removed & cleaned

carefully.

ii) The slab surface should be cement grouted. After saturation, apply base

coat of cement: W.P. in (2.5:1) by weight proportion in two coats.

iii) Brickbats to be used for waterproofing should be pre-wetted for at least 3

days. The pre-wetted brickbats should be fixed in CM 1:4, using

waterproof admixture in proper slopes.

iv) 9” x 9” brick-bat watta should be provided at the junction of parapet wall &

slab.

v) Water permeability is checked by ponding the brickbat surface for at least

7 days. Brickbats cracked / dissolved due to water should be immediately

replaced.

vi) RCC coping at the top of the parapet wall should be provided.

vii) Watta finishing along with “Nose” formation in parapet wall plaster should

be finished at the same time of finishing of waterproofing.

viii)The top surface should be finished in IPS using cement: sand: metal no. 1:

1:3:1.5 mix in proper slope. It should be cured for at least 7 to 10 days.

ix) Adequate number of rain water outlets should be provided.

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3.9. Structural Engineer - Qualifications and Expectations

The Building Control Act requires the visual inspection to be conducted by a

structural engineer who must be a registered professional engineer in the civil

or structural engineering discipline, rather than any other person. It is so

because, the audit involves professional assessment and judgment of

structural condition based on knowledge of structural engineering during the

visual inspection. It is necessary for structural engineer to be conversant with

the properties of general repair materials, artificial materials used for repairs

and technologies/ practices used for repairs.

The structural engineer shall exercise reasonable diligence and take active

and personal interest in the planning and carrying out of the inspection of the

building. He shall not delegate the inspection work to his assistant or another

person who is not a registered professional engineer in the civil and structural

discipline, as the assessment is based on personnel knowledge and

experience.

3.10. Conclusion

The structural diagnosis is vast, important and highly responsible job which is

connected with lives of human beings. It is mandatory and advisable to carry

out the periodical structural audit of the buildings by professional experts and

act immediately through recommendations provided in audit report. The

success of repairs and restoration is always based on thorough knowledge,

correct diagnosis and in-depth studies of problems in building, proper repair

practices and finally socio-economic considerations.

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Owner (Societies or Individual), Engineer and Contractor are three important

elements to make a repair project successful. Owner is such element, who

occupies / capitalizes the building and intends to use the building for their

entire life but also expects the same to perform for next generation. Engineer

plays the role of identifying the need of repair, writing the specifications,

supervision and execution at the building repair project. The third element

Contractor and his Workers are physically in contact with the building repair

work. The owner should understand the need of timely maintenance and

maintenance related repair. Auditing shall be a continuous process as it is

difficult to guarantee future life of old building.

However, structural audit itself is not sufficient. It is important that the findings

and recommendations of audits shall be implemented satisfactorily, within a

stipulated time limit and shall be certified by Structural Engineers. Periodic

auditing and effective implementation of auditing enhances the life span of

structure, prevents deterioration of building leading to safe life of occupants.

***

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 CASE STUDY

Structural audit of Dadar Pumping Station

Staff Quarters No. 02,

249, Senapati Bapat Marg,

Dadar West, Mumbai – 400 028

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 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Action points for repairing -

1 Dismantle. Yes, (Partial)

The window chhajjas are damaged beyond repair.

The chhajjas should be removed carefully.

2 Immediate Propping No

3 Evacuation No

4 Urgent repairs Yes

Loose concrete of RCC members should be

detected by light tapping and same shall be remove

immediately to avoid any localized collapse or

injuries. The window chhajjas should be removed

carefully and replaced by light material

(polycarbonate) chhajjas.

5 General repairs Yes

Other repairs as mentioned in remedial measures

are general repairs.

6 Limitations Non availability of Structural & Architectural

Drawings

No accessibility to locked rooms - Room no. 3 & 4

7 Condition of the Severely Damaged / Deteriorated / Habitable

structure

8 Recommendation To be Evacuated & pulled down / To be Repaired

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9 Type of Repairs Major / Minor / Structural / Non - Structural / N.A.

10 During Repairs Evacuation Required / Not Required / N. A.

11 Methodology Repair / Structural Repairs / N.A.

12 Propping required Yes / Immediate / During Repairs / No

13 Propping plan Yes / No / N. A.

provided

14 Any other additional Yes / No / Not Applicable

safety Measures During Repairs, proper barricading shall be

provided

15 Further extension of <3 / 3 to 5 / 5 to 7/ 7 to 10 Years

life of Building in

years

16 Frequency of Once in 6 months / a Year / 3 Years OR any

Structural Inspection unnatural structural distresses are noticed and

carrying out repairs accordingly

17 Estimated duration of 06 Months

Repairs

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1. General Information of Building:

Name of the Building : Dadar Pumping Staff Quarter Building No.2

Address : Senapati Bapat Marg, Dadar (W), Mumbai - 28

Age of building : More than 50 years

Repair History : Not available

2. Objective of Structural Audit:

The age of the buildings is more than 50 years. Hence it is necessary to carry

out structural audit of the building as per government norms and to decide the

remedial measures for the structural distresses in the said building.

3. Mode of use:

The building is residential structure.

4. Type of building:

This building is a RCC framed structure with one staircase to terrace.

5. Planning of the Building:

The said building is a ground plus two storied structure with 4 flats on each

floor. There is a staircase for vertical communication up to terrace.

Floor plan of the building is attached as Annexure I

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 Front elevation of building

Side elevation of building

Back side elevation of building

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6. General information of Surroundings:

Water logging : No

Proximity to nalla, creek, and natural watercourse : No

Adjoining construction / excavation noticed : No

Level difference with adjoining plots : No

7. Non - Destructive Tests:

The results of Rebound Hammer Test are enclosed as Annexure -II.

Rebound Hammer Test:

This non-destructive test results indicate surface compressive strength of the

sample. Generally surface strengths of RCC members are on conservative

side. The results indicate that the minimum compressive strength of the tested

columns is 15MPa. The average strength is 22MPa.

Prior to commencing repairs, strength of all the columns is recommended to

be checked by rebound hammer. Those columns indicating strength below

M15, should be treated with injection grouting.

8. Critical Observations & Remedial Measures in Brief:

8.1. Foundation Problems:

i) Failure of load bearing strata – Not noticed

ii) Soil consolidation - Not noticed

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 iii) Variation in Moisture Content - Strata not adversely affected due to

variation in moisture content.

iv) Slope Instability – Not noticed

v) Soil shrinkage and swelling – Not Noticed

vi) Settlement due to cavities, vibration& excavation close to foundation - Not

noticed

vii) Soil erosion – Not Noticed

viii) Ground movement or liquefaction of soil (earthquake) - Not Noticed

8.2. Plinth Overall condition

Settlement in Plinth Protection - Not Noticed

8.3. External faces

i) Masonry & Plaster - Minor & Major cracks in external plaster & walls are

observed. The reason may be seepage due to failure of external plaster.

Hence entire external plaster should be removed and redone. Vegetation

growth is observed. The same should be removed and chemical treatment

should be provided to avoid recurrence of vegetation menace.

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 Deteriorated External Plaster & Vegetation Growth

ii) Plumbing – Some of the soil pipe joints are loose & leaking.

iii) Staircase • Cracks in staircase wall are observed. External plaster required

to be removed and redone.

Crack in Wall

iv) Terrace: • Uneven china mosaic tile flooring is observed. Terrace

waterproofing is required to be redone.

Vegetation growth is observed which needs to be removed and the spot

need to be treated by chemical treatment to prevent further growth of

shrubs again.

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 Deteriorated Mumty Room, Uneven Terrace Finishing & Cracked

Terrace parapet wall

v) Flooring - Floor settlement not noticed.

vi) Impact - No impact effect is noticed on external face

vii) Leakage - Leakage from external wall due to damaged plaster is observed

in almost all the rooms.

viii)Termites -Termite Infestation not noticed at the time of site inspection.

8.4. RCC Members

i) Beams - External beams of some of the flats show cracks. The beams

should be repaired by Polymer Modified Mortar (PMM) treatment.

ii) Chhajja - Chhajjas of almost all the flats are deteriorated. The chhajjas

should be removed and replaced by light material like Polycarbonate.

iii) Overloading - Overloading is not noticed

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8.5. General Observations inside the Flats –

8.5.1. Ground Floor:

i) Flat No.1 –

Living room - One column is cracked. The columns should be repaired by

jacketing.

Kitchen - Plaster of external walls is deteriorated. The plaster should be

removed and redone. Kitchen slab shows bulging. Internal beam shows

cracks. PMM treatment is recommended for the distressed RCC members

repairs.

WC-Bath - Internal plaster of bathroom walls is deteriorated. The plaster

should be removed and redone with tiling. WC-bath slab shows bulging.

The slabs should be repaired by PMM treatment.

ii) Flat No.2 –

Living room - Plaster of external wall is cracked. The deteriorated plaster

should be removed and redone.

Kitchen - Plaster of walls is deteriorated. The plaster should be removed

and redone. Kitchen slab shows bulging. PMM treatment is recommended

for the distressed slab repairs. Kitchen chhajjas are deteriorated. The

chhajjas should be removed and replaced by light material chhajjas.

WC-Bath - WC-bath slab shows bulging. PMM treatment is recommended

for the distressed slab repairs.

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 Bulging in slab

iii) Flat no.3 & 4 –

Locked & not available for inspection.

8.5.2. First Floor:

i) Flat no.5 –

Living room - One column is cracked. The columns should be repaired by

jacketing. Living room slab shows bulging. PMM treatment is

recommended for the slab repairs.

Kitchen - Kitchen slab shows bulging and minor cracks. Internal beam

shows cracks. PMM treatment is recommended for the distressed RCC

members repairs. Kitchen chhajjas are deteriorated. The chhajjas should

be removed and replaced by light material chhajjas.

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 WC-Bath - Plaster of bathroom walls is deteriorated. The plaster should

be removed and redone with tiling. WC-bath slab shows minor cracks.

PMM treatment is recommended for the slab repairs.

Flat no.6 –

Living room - Living room slab shows bulging. The slab should be

repaired by PMM treatment. Living room external wall shows seepage.

Plaster of both the sides should be redone.

Kitchen - Kitchen external beam shows cracks. The distressed beam

should be repaired by PMM treatment. Kitchen chhajjas are deteriorated.

The chhajjas should be removed and replaced by light material chhajjas.

WC-Bath - Bathroom slab shows minor cracks. The slab should be

repaired by PMM treatment. WC shows leakage from top. Top floor WC

waterproofing should be repaired.

Crack in wall / plaster damaged

ii) Flat no.7 –

Living room - Living room external wall shows seepage. Plaster of both

the sides should be redone.

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 Kitchen - Kitchen external beam shows cracks. About 25% of kitchen slab

shows minor cracks. The distressed RCC members should be repaired by

PMM treatment. Kitchen chhajjas are deteriorated. The chhajjas should be

removed and replaced by light material chhajjas.

WC-Bath - Bathroom slab shows minor cracks. External beam shows

cracks. The distressed RCC members should be repaired by PMM

treatment.

iii) Flat no.8 –

Living room - Living room walls show seepage. Plaster of both the sides

should be redone.

Kitchen - Kitchen external beam shows cracks. About 25% of kitchen slab

shows minor cracks. The distressed RCC members should be repaired by

PMM treatment. Kitchen chhajjas are deteriorated. The chhajjas should be

removed and replaced by light material chhajjas. Kitchen walls show

seepage. Plaster of both the sides should be redone.

WC-Bath - External beam shows cracks. The beam should be repaired by

PMM treatment.

Crack in wall
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8.5.3. Second Floor:

i) Flat no.9 –

Kitchen - Kitchen slab shows minor cracks. The slab should be repaired

by PMM treatment. Kitchen chhajjas are deteriorated. The chhajjas should

be removed and replaced by light material chhajjas. Kitchen walls show

seepage. Plaster of both the sides should be redone. Kitchen shows

leakage from top. Terrace waterproofing should be repaired.

WC-Bath - WC-bath lofts are damaged. The lofts should be removed and

recast.

Crack in column

ii) Flat no.10 –

Kitchen - About 25% of kitchen slab shows minor cracks. External beam

shows cracks. PMM treatment is recommended for distressed RCC

member repairs. Kitchen chhajjas are deteriorated. The chhajjas should be

removed and replaced by light material chhajjas. Kitchen walls show

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 seepage. Plaster of both the sides should be redone. Kitchen shows

leakage from top. Terrace waterproofing should be redone.

WC-Bath - WC-bath lofts are damaged. The lofts should be removed and

recast.

iii) Flat no.11 –

Kitchen - About 25% of kitchen slab shows minor cracks. External beam

shows cracks. PMM treatment is recommended for distressed RCC

member repairs. Kitchen chhajjas are deteriorated. The chhajjas should be

removed and replaced by light material chhajjas. Kitchen walls show

seepage. Plaster of both the sides should be redone. Kitchen shows

leakage from top. Terrace waterproofing should be redone

WC-Bath - WC lofts damaged. The loft should be removed and recast.

Bathroom slab shows minor cracks. PMM treatment is recommended for

slab repairs. Bathroom shows leakage from top. Terrace waterproofing

should be redone.

iv) Flat no. 12 –

Kitchen - Kitchen slab shows minor cracks. External beam shows cracks.

PMM treatment is recommended for distressed RCC member repairs.

Kitchen chhajjas are deteriorated. The chhajjas should be removed and

replaced by light material chhajjas. Kitchen walls show seepage. Plaster of

both the sides should be redone. Kitchen shows leakage from top. Terrace

waterproofing should be redone.

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 WC-Bath - WC slab shows minor cracks. PMM treatment is recommended

for slab repairs. WC-bath shows leakage from top. Terrace waterproofing

should be repaired.

9. RECOMMENDATION

The building under reference is in habitable condition subject to carrying out

repairs as mentioned below

a. Loose concrete/ plaster shall be removed immediately to avoid any loss

due to localized failure.

b. The structural members proposed for repairs should be repaired with PMM

treatment.

c. All the chhajjas at all the floors should be repaired or replaced with light

weight material.

d. Toilet lofts of some of the flats have to be removed and recast.

e. Entire external plaster should be removed and redone.

f. Terrace waterproofing should be removed and redone.

g. Toilet waterproofing of toilets proposed should be redone.

h. Vegetation growth shall be removed and the spot shall be treated by

chemical treatment to prevent further growth of shrubs.

i. Structural audit shall be carried out periodically (Every 03 years)

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 Annexure I

Floor Plan of Dadar Pumping Station Staff Quarter No. 02

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 Annexure II

NDT Results for Staff Quarter No. 02

Sr. Rebound Hammer Test

Location
No.
Avg. Selected Limit Strength in Mpa

Ground Floor
1 Column no.1 29.43 22
2 Column no.2 24.56 15
3 Column no.3 29.92 23
4 Column no.4 30.93 25
5 Column no.5 29.08 22
6 Column no.6 27.27 19
7 Column no.7 30.27 24
8 Column no.8 33.08 >25
9 Column no.9 34.86 >25

First Floor
10 Column no.9 26.4 18
11 Column no.10 26.5 18
12 Column no.11 27.33 20

Second Floor
13 Column no.9 30.62 24
14 Column no.11 26.5 18

Average 22

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