1
Pertinent Disease/ Condition
Physical/Clinical/
Microscopic Findings
Acanthosis nigricans Gastric CA
Maligna
also uterus, less commonly
the lungs, breast, ovary
Acrodermatitis Congenital Zinc Deficienc y
enterohepatica
a.k.a. Brandt syndrome/
Danbalt-Cross
syndrome
Amaurotic cat’s eye Retinoblastoma
Aniridia W ilm’s tumor
a.k.a. Nephroblastoma
Part of the W AGR Syndrome:
Wilm’s tumor
Aniridia
Genitourinary anomalies
mental Retardation
Ash-leaf spots/patches Tuberous sclerosis
a.k.a. Bourneville disease
(hypopigmented areas in the
skin)
TSC1: Encodes for hamartin
TSC2: encodes for tuberin;
more commonly mutated
Bag of worms Varicocoele
Basket weave Alport syndrome
appearance
Things to REMEMBER
 Brown to black, poorly defined,
velvety hyperpigmentation of the
skin;
 Posterior and lateral neck folds
 Axilla, groin, umbilicus, forehead
 A paraneoplastic syndrome
Autosomal recessive disorder affecting
the uptake of zinc
Dermatitis  periorificial, and acral
(around the limbs)
Alopecia
Diarrhea
Paronychia suppurative inflammation
of the nail fold around the nail plate
Normal: 1-2mg/kg/day
Mutation in RB1 gene
on Chromosome 13
Leukocoria
Flexner-W intersteiner rosettes
“white reflex” in funduscopy
Involvement of the posterior portion of
the retina
Tx: Chemotherapy, Enucleation
There is absence of the colored part of
the eyes: iris
Closely associated with W ilm’s: a
malignant renal cancer in children
Painless abdominal mass (usually
unilateral)
Hematuria
Abdominal enlargement that does not
cross the midline
Tx: Vincristine; s/e: Neurotoxicity
 Autosomal dominant
characterized by:
Rhabdom yoma (benign tumors of
striated muscle), Seizures, MR
 CNS hamartomas: cerebral
cortex tubers(“dripping candle or
ginger-like appearance”)
 Sebaceous adenoma
 Shagreen patch: leathery
thickenings of the skin
 Café au lait spots
 Angiom yolipomas hematuria
Backflow of blood into the Pampiniform
plexus of veins
Permanent damage to testicles
 MC hereditary nephritis
 Glomerulonephritis to ESRD

“nephritis + hearing loss +
lenticonus = Alport”
Basophilic Stippling Lead poisoning
of RBCs
Beads of pearl Takayasu’s disease
Beefy red tongue Vit. B12 deficienc y
Vit. B2(riboflavin) deficiency
(Mont Reid, table 6-3 pp86)
(Kaplan)
Beefy red ulcer Granuloma inguinale
Bifringent crystals Gouty arthritis
Birbeck Granules Histioc ytosis X
Bitot’s spots Vitamin A deficiency
Black urine Alkaptonuria
(disorder of phenylalanine and
tyrosine metabolism)
Blood and thunder Retinal central vein occlusion
appearance
2
 Sensorineural Hearing loss
 Eye involvement (Lenticonus)
 Hematuria
 Mutations or abnormalities in
the type IV collagen of the
kidney basement membrane
Alternating stenosis and dilatation in
angiography
Peripheral neuropathy: Demyelination
Ataxia (GBC)
Lack of Intrinsic factor Pernicious
anemia B12 deficiency 
Megaloblastic anemia
The painless vesicle or indurated papule
that soon ulcerates beefy red granular
base
Tx: Doxycycline 100mg PO BID x 3
weeks
Ciprofloxacin, Erythrom ycin,
Azithrom ycin
Aminoglycosides for refractory cases
Present in the s ynovial fluid
eosinophilic granuloma
Nyctalopia:
the earliest manifestation
 baby’s diaper turns into black
when exposed to air
 defect in the enzyme
Homogentisate 1,2 dioxygenase
 Homogentisic acid + its oxide
(Alkapton) accumulate in the
blood, excreted into the urine in
large amounts
 Damage to cartilage, heart
valves
 Kidney stone formation
 Tx: large doses of Vit. C,
restriction of phenylalanine in
the diet, NITISINONE
Seen in funduscopy
the veins are dilated and tortuous, the
nerve head is hyperemic, accompanied
by superficial retinal hemorrhages and
soft exudates, with only slightly impaired
visual acuity
 3

Bloody nipple discharge Paget’s disease of the breast Inflammatory breast carcinoma

Blue sclera Osteogenesis imperfecta Collagen type I defect

Blueberry muffin Congenital Rubella

appearance
Lymphoma
(AML/ALL)

Boiled lobster Scarlet fever Strawberry tongue

appearance

Bone spicule Retinitis pigmentosa An inherited degenerative eye disease

appearance that causes severe vision impairment
(nyctalopia, tunnel vision, peripheral
vision, latticework vision, aversion to
glare, poor color separation), blindness,
and extreme tiredness

Seen in:
Refsum’s disease
Kearn-Sayre syndrome
Toxoplasmosis
Neurosyphillis

Breast mouse Fibroadenomas  A benign sclerosing lesion

 Mobile, painless, well-
circumscribed, rubbery breast
lump
 1-4 cm in diameter
 Commonly occurs in 25-35
years old

Bronze skin Hemochromatosis Deposition of hemosiderin (iron)

a.k.a. “bronze diabetes”
(NOTE: Bronzed baby is a result
of phototherapy in patients with
“conjugated” hyperbilirubinemia; it
works only for unconjugated
hyperbilirubinemia)
↓Total Iron Binding Capacity
 Total body iron may reach 50g;
can be detected by airport metal
detectors
Triad: Cirrhosis, Diabetes mellitus, skin
pigmentation
 May be 1˚AR or 2˚to chronic
transfusion therapy (e.g. in ß-
thalassemia)
Tx of 1˚: repeated phlebotomy,
deferoxamine
 Associated with HLA DR-3

Bubo Haemophilus ducreyi infection Inguinal lymph node involvement of the

disease

Buccal Peutz-Jeghers syndrome  Hyperpigmented macules

hyperpigmentation (a.k.a. hereditary intestinal around the lips and oral mucosa
polysposis syndrome)  Benign hamartomatous polyps
of the GIT
 STK11 gene on Chromosome
19 (mutation)
 Oral findings are same with

Butterfly rash Systemic Lupus
Erythematosus (SLE)
Café au Lait spots Von Recklinghausen’s
disease
Tuberous Sclerosis
McCune Albright s yndrome
Caramel urine odor Maple Syrup urine disease
Casal’s necklace Pellagra
Chain of lake Acute pancreatitis
appearance
Chancre Primary s yphilis
Treatment:
2.4 million units f PenG IM
single dose
Chancroid Haemophilus ducreyi infection
4
Addison’s disease and McCune
Albright
Type III hypersensitivity reaction
In the HLA region of Chromosome 6
 Malar rash / Butterfly rash
 Libmann Sach’s endocarditis
 Myalgia, anemia, joint pains,
fever, fatigue
 Class IV: Diffuse Proliferative
Membranous
Glomerulonephritis (with "wire
loop" appearance) (most severe
type)
 LE Bodies/ Hematoxylin bodies
 Bibasilar reticular pattern in the
interstitial lung disease of SLE
 Anti-DsDNA Abs and Anti-Smith
antigen Abs
Long arm of Chromosome 17
Lisch nodules
Neurofibromatosis I
Shagreen patch (Bourneville disease)
 Precocious puberty(estrogen)
 Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
 (+) multiple cystic bone lesions
Branched chain amino acids
“LIV”
α-Ketoacid dehydrogenase
Dermatitis that is encircling the neck of
patients with Pellagra (Niacin deficienc y)
 4Ds: Diarrhea, Dermatitis,
Dementia, Death
Firm, nontender, sharply demarcated,
elevated, round or oval ulcers
Appears in 21-35 days or anytime
between 10-90 days
Secondary s yphilis: mucocutaneous
lesions
Latent syphilis
Tertiary syphilis: gumma, CVS, CNS mx
Tx: 2.4 million units of PenG IM weekly
for 3 doses
Painful vesicular papule  ulcer
formation with bright red areola and
irregular shelving margins
“Soft chancre”
 5

STD

Tx: Azithrom ycin 1g PO single dose

Ceftriaxone 250mg IM single dose
Ciprofloxacin 500mg PO BID x 3 days
Erythrom ycin 500mg PO q6h x 7d

Cherry red colonies Red diaper syndrome Serratia marcescens

UT I

Cherry red mucosa Carbon monoxide poisoning

Cherry red spot on Tay Sach’s disease  Hexosaminidase A

macula
Also seen in:
Niemann-Pick’s (50%) Sphingom yelinase
Sandhoff’s disease  Hexosaminidase A & B
Mucolipidoses

Chinese letters Corynebacterium Pseudomembrane: adherent membrane

in the tonsils

Fibrous dysplasia an abnormal bone growth where normal

bone is replaced with fibrous bone
tissue; medullary cavity of bones is
filled with fibrous tissue, causing the
expansion of the areas of bone involved

The bony trabeculae are abnormally thin

and irregular, and often likened to
Chinese characters

The most severe form of polyostotic

fibrous dysplasia (several bones
involded) is known as McCune-Albright
syndrome

Fibrous dysplasia of bone may also be

an associated abnormality in
Neurofibromatosis type II

Chipmunk facies Beta thalassemia  Will need lifelong blood

transfusion
 Reduced or absent synthesis of
ß chains of hemoglobin
 “Crew cut” radiologic
appearance
 Prominent zygomatic bone

Clover leaf pattern Phyllodes tumors  The microscopic appearance of

the breast lobules
 Large, fast growing masses that
form the periductal stromal cells
of the breast

Coffin lid appearance Struvite stones

 6

Collar button lesions Ulcerative colitis  Tenesmus, diarrhea with mucus

or blood in the stool
 May have extra-intestinal
involvement: apthous ulcer,
uveitis, ankylosing spondylitis,
sacroilitis
 DDx: Crohn’s disease

Coral reef appearance Colonic angiodysplasia  Vascular malformation in the gut

 Common cause of bleeding in
the elderly

Inflamed Meckel’s diverticulosis

Meckel’s diverticulitis Bleeding in the young

Corrigan’s pulses Aortic regurgitation Rapidly swelling and falling arterial pulse
on palpation

W ater-hammer type

Cottage cheese Vaginal Candidiasis Candida albicans

Discharge

Cotton W ool Spots Chronic Hypertension seen in Funduscopy

CRAB Tetrad Multiple Myeloma Calcium (elevated)

Renal failure
Anemia
Bone lesion

Crescents In Bowman’s Rapidly Progressive

Capsule (crescentic)
Glomerulonephritis

Crooke hyaline change Pituitary ACTH hypersecretion the normal granular, basophilic
cytoplasm of corticotrophs becomes
pale and homogenous due to keratin
filament deposition

Currant jelly stools Intussusception  MC bowel obstruction in 2mos-

2yrs
 “telescoping” of one segment of
bowel (intussusceptum) into
another segment
(intussuscepiens)
 In barium study: “coiled
spring” appearance
 Sausage shaped or Chorizo
shaped intestine

Defective excision repair Xeroderma pigmentosum Thymidine dimer

Dennie’s lines Atopic dermatitis Extra fold of skin beneath the lower
eyelid

Dew drop on rose petal Chicken pox

Dysplastic nevus prescursor of S-100: tumor marker

 7

Malignant Melanoma presence of raccoon eyes

Moh’s micrographic surgery

 Lentigo maligna: the ype with

the best prognosis
 Acral lentiginous: the type with
the worst prognosis
 Superficial spreading: the MC
type
 Nodular type

Earlobe creases Beckwith W iedenmann This is what will distinguish it from

syndrome Congenital Hypothyroidism

Eburnation Osteoarthritis  polished, ivory-like appearance

of bone
 Heberden’s Nodes (DIP)
 Bouchard’s nodes (PIP)
 Joint mice (fractured
osteophytes)

Enterodermatitis Vitamin B6 deficienc y

hepatica

Erythema marginatum Rheumatic Fever An evanescent macular eruption with

(one of the 5 Major criteria) rounded borders; usually found on the
trunk

Erythema nodosum Ulcerative Colitis An extraintestinal manifestation

Esophageal webs Plummer-Vinson syndrome

Fish-mouth valve Rheumatic heart disease MC valve affected: mitral valve

Flea-bitten kidney Malignant Hypertension

Flak y paint rash Zinc deficiency

Flask-shaped ulcer Amoebic colitis  Caused by Entamoeba

hystolitica
 Cecum and Colon are usually
involved
 Amoebae are usually at the
base of the ulcer; induce colonic
epithelial apoptosis to invade
into the lamina propria of
submucosa and attract
neutrophils
 Tx: Metronidazole that targets
the enzyme pyruvate
oxidoreductase (organism-
specific)

H-shaped vertebra Sickle cell anemia

Harrison groove Vitamin D deficiency A horizontal depression along the lower

Rickets anterior chest due to pulling of the
softened ribs by the diaphragm during

Heliotrope rash Juvenile Dermatom yositis
Hemarthrosis Factor VIII (Von W illebrand)
deficienc y
Hemophilia A
Hobnail appearance Alcoholic cirrhosis
Honeycomb lung Pulmonary fibrosis
Hypersegmented PMNs Megaloblastic anemia
Hypochromic Microcytic Iron-deficiency anemia
RBCs
Hypertension in DDx: Coarctation of the Aorta
Teenager or the young
Substance abuse (e.g.
methamphetamine)
Indian file pattern Infiltrating lobular carcinoma
of the breast
Kayser-Fleischer rings W ilson’s disease a.k.a.
W estphal Strumpel
Pseudosclerosis
 HEPATOLENTICULA
R DEGENERATION
 Neurologic:
parkinsonism, chorea
8
inspiration
 Violaceous (“lilac”) discoloration
in the upper eyelids
 “Gottron papules”
(pathognomonic) slightly
elevated violaceous pink or
dusky red papules on the dorsal
side of the MCPs or Ips, or
extensor side of wrist, elbows,
knees
 Shawl sign, V sign, Linear
erythema, Scalp rash
 Anti-Jo antibody
 Can present as a
paraneoplastic syndrome
(#1:Ovarian, #2:Lung,
#3:Pancreatic, #4:Stomach,
#5:Colorectal CA, Breast,
Melanoma, Non-Hodgkin’s
lymphoma)
 in Asians: NASOPHARYNGEAL
Ca
The hallmark of the disease
No trauma, but there is blood pooling in
the knees
Micronodular, irregularly shrunken liver
Sclerosis around central vein (zone III)
 High BP in the upper extr., low
BP and decreased pulses in the
lower extr.
 Rib-notching on Xray
 Associated with Turner’s
syndrome
 Tumor cells infiltrate in narrow
cords
 Lack the E-cadherin adhesion
molecules, hence, tends to
metastasize widely to unusual
sites
 Involves copper metabolism:
inadequate hepatic excretion of
copper, and failure of copper to
enter circulation as
ceruloplasmin serum
Ceruloplasmin levels are often
low; accumulation in brain and
 9

 Psychiatric: liver; urine copper levels are

depression, anxiety,
psychosis, impulsivity,
promiscuity, apathy
 Liver disease: Hepatic
enceph. Portal
hypertension
Gold standard:
Elevated copper level on liver
biopsy
elevated
 Mutation in ATP7B gene
 Treated with ZINC: 50mgPO
TID
 Penicillamine  no longer the
first treatment (chelation); binds
to copper  excreted in the
urine
 Trientine hydrochloride  if
intolerant to penicillamine
 Tertathiomolybdate  newest
drug
 Zinc acetate  as maintenance,
once level of copper has
reached normal levels
 Alzheimer’s type 2 astroc ytes:
the pathognomonic finding in
the brain of patients with W D;
not found in Alzheimer’s disease
per se

Keratin pearls Squamous Cell cancer of the

skin

Lemon yellow skin Pernicious anemia

Leonine facies Hansen’s disease a.k.a. Mycobacterium leprae

Leprosy Tx: Dapsone

Libman-Sack’s SLE Non-bacterial vegetations formed from

endocarditis the strands of fibrin, neutrophils,
lymphocytes and histiocytes

Mitral valve usually affected

Lingual thryroid Hypothyroidism Lingual thyroid is an ectopic thyroid; MC

location is base of tongue

Lisch nodules Von Recklinghausen’s Café au lait spots

disease Neurofibromatosis I
Long arm of Chromosome 17

Lumpy bumpy Post-Streptococcal Albuminuria

appearance on light glomerulonephritis Type III hypersensitivity
microscopy Hematuria, oliguria, edema,
hypertension, renal necrosis

Lumpy bumpy pleural Mesothelioma Asbestos exposure

thickening

Machinery like murmur Patent ductus arteriosus Indomethacin and/or Ibuprofen

Macroglossia Congenital hypothyroidism

Hunter’s syndrome
Hurler’s s yndrome
 10

Beckwith-W iedenmann
syndrome

Mask-like facies Parkinson’s disease Four motor symptoms:

1- Resting tremors
2- Cogwheel/Leadpipe rigidity
3- Bradykinesia
4- Postural instability

expressionless face
Small handwriting
Dopamine
Alpha Synuclein
Parkin gene
Substantia Nigra
Levodopa + Carbidopa

Meconium ileus Cystic Fibrosis

Mees lines Arsenic toxicity  parallel lines on fingernails

 will also have “garlic odor”
breath

Nipple retraction Breast carcinoma  An ominous sign

 Also occurs in Mammary duct
ectasia (an inflammatory breast
condition)

Nutmeg liver Chronic passive congestion of

the liver

Oil cyst Fat necrosis of the breast  Usually caused by trauma

 Lucent area on mammography
 Tends to occur in obese women
after menopause
 Painless, hard, irregular mass

Onion skin kidney Malignant nephrosclerosis malignant hypertension

arterioles

Onion skinning liver Primary Sclerosing Liver biops y reveals periductal sclerosis
biopsy Cholangitis  MRCP/ERCP show multiple bile
duct strictures
 ↑alkaline phosphatase and
bilirubin
 Jaundice, pruritus, fatigue
 May require liver transplantation
 ↑risk for cholangiocarcinoma

Onion skin type Ewing’s sarcoma Malignant, undifferentiated, small round,

blue cell of neural origin, found in bone
or soft tissue

the most common osseous presentation

is a permeative lytic lesion with
periosteal reaction
 11

MC sites: pelvis, femur, humerus, ribs,

clavicle

Palpable olive in Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis  Fredet-Ramstedt pylorotomy

epigastrium (90%) (common in the Pediatrics  “Contraction alkalosis”: hypoK,
group: Nelson’s) hypoChl metabolic alkalosis
 Gastric outlet obstruction due to
hypertrophied pyloric muscle
 Xray: “double railroad track
sign”

Pearly papules Basal cell carcinoma W ith pallisading nuclei

Peau d’ Orange Inflammatory Breast Cancer Also seen in:

Myxedema
Elephantiasis
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum

Pellagra-like symptoms Hartnup’s disease Neutral amino aciduria (tryptophan)

Piece-meal necrosis Hepatitis B: the most Fulminant or interface hepatitis

of the periportal notorious/toxic (chronic active)
hepatocytes

Pili torti Menke’s disease Tortuous, kink y, steely hair

Deficiency in copper-dependent
enzymes

Porcelain gallbladder Chronic cholecystitis Scarring of the gallbladder

Porcelain gallstones Gallbladder adenocarcinoma

Portwine stain/nevus Sturge W ebber syndrome Arteriovenous malformations

flammeus (a.k.a. Klippel-Trenaunay- Often on the face
W ebber syndrome
or Salmon patch Or Encephalotrigeminal
angiomatosis)

Prostitute’s pupil Argyll-Robertson pupil  Pupil constricts during

accommodation (near vision),
but does not react to light
(prostitutes are said to
accommodate but does not
react & is frequently infected
with syphilis)
 Pupillary reflex absent due to
damage at pretectal area
 Caused by a midbrain lesion
 May be present in Tabes
dorsalis and general paresis of
Tertiary Syphilis
 12

Pseudohypertrophy of Duchenne muscular dystrophy Careful with Leptospirosis

the calf

Raccoon eyes Basal skull fracture Blood in the skull fracture seeps into the
soft tissue around the eyes
Also seen in:
 Craniotomy that ruptured the
meninges
 Disseminated neuroblastoma
 Multiple Myeloma
 Cocaine use

Rachitic rosary Vitamin D deficiency Rickets in children

Osteomalacia in adults
W idening of the costochondral junction

Rectangular RBC’s Hemoglobin SC

Rouleaux Formation Multiple m yeloma RBC’s stacked like poker chips

Rose spots Enteric fever Red macules on the abdomen

(typhoid and paratyphoid) (2-4mm diameter)
Bacterial emboli to the skin

Rosenthal fibers Pilocytic astrocytoma thick, elongated, worm-like or

Alexander’s disease (a rare "corkscrew" eosinophilic (pink) bundle
leukodystrophy) composed of glial fibrillary acidic protein
Fucosidosis

Roth spots Bacterial endocarditis Retinal hemorrhages

Also in:
Leukemia
Diabetes
HIV retinopathy
Pernicious anemia

Saber shin Syphillis  Bowing deformity of the tibia

 May also result from yaws,
Paget’s disease of the bone and
Vitamin D deficiency

Saddle nose Congenital Syphillis

W egener’s granulomatosis Also a differential diagnosis for
Relapsing polychondritis Panarteritis nodosa, since W egener’s is
Cocaine abuse also a vasculitis of small and medium
sized vessels

Salmon colored W ound dehiscence especially in persons with Ehler Danlos

discharge disease

Sausage-shaped mass Intussusception a.k.a. chorizo-shaped mass

(+) currant jelly stools
 13

Sandpaper rash Scarlet fever Caused by Group A ß-hemolytic Strep

 Complication: Rheumatic HD
Pastia’s lines: bright red rashes under
the arms and in the groin

Scaphoid abdomen Diaphragmatic hernia W ill present with respiratory distress and
bowel sounds present in the chest
(NOTE: Harrison groove looks like scaphoid
abdomen; in Vit D deficiency)

Scorbutic rosary Scurvy Vitamin C deficiency

Gum bleeding
Poor wound healing

Shepherd’s crook Mc Cune Albright s yndrome (NOTE: Shepherd’s crook is also in

deformity (as seen on xray) Chilomastix mesnili – Microbiology)

Shingles Herpes zoster Thoracic dermatomes

Silver wire appearance pathognomonic for Seen in funduscopy

Chronic Hypertension

Slapped cheek Fifth’s disease Parvovirus B19

Erythema infectiosum “Lacy appearing rash” on the trunk and
proximal extremities

Spider telangiectasia Liver failure Hyperestrinism

Pregnancy

Spike and dome Membranous MC nephritic syndrome in adults

appearance glomerulonephritis

Spooning of nails Iron deficiency

Stone hard or woody Riedel’s thyroiditis replacement of the normal thyroid

hard thyroid parenchyma by a dense fibrosis that
invades adjacent structures of the neck
and extends beyond the thyroid capsule

Stork legs Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease MC congenital neuropathy

Strawberry cervix Trichomoniasis Trichomonas vaginalis

Strawberry gallbladder Cholesterolosis

Strawberry gingiva W egener’s granulomatosis  An incurable vasculitis

(medium-sized arteries)
affecting the lungs, kidneys and
nose
 (+) ANCA antibodies
 Chapel Hill system
 Tx: Cyclophosphamide,
corticosteroids

Strawberry tongue
Subluxation of the lens
Sugar icing
Sunset eyes
Swan neck deformity
Swiss cheese brain
Teardrop RBCs
Terry’s “half & half” nails
Thunderclap Headache
Tram track kidneys
Tree bark aorta
Ubo!ubo!ubo!
W atermelon stomach
W ebbed neck
14
Kawasaki disease  Medium sized blood vessels
 Coronary artery aneurysms
(complication)
 D.O.C.: IV Ig 2mg/kg
 Aspirin is given for coronary
involvement
Scarlet fever
Marfan syndrome a.k.a. “ectopia lentis”
Homocystinuria
Portal hypertension seen on the spleen
Hydrocephalus a.k.a. setting sun sign
Rheumatoid arthritis “Z-finger”
Joint stiffness in the morning
Clostridia infection gas forming
Myelofibrosis
Hepatic failure fingernails and/or toenails appear white
Cirrhosis with a characteristic "ground glass"
Diabetes mellitus, CHF, appearance, with no lunula
hyperthyroidism, malnutrition
due to a decrease in vascularity and an
increase in connective tissue within the
nailbed
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage  The “worst” headache, nape
pain
 Trauma: MC cause
 If no trauma, MC cause:
ruptured berry (saccular)
aneurysm
Membranoproliferative Double contour
Glomerulonephritis Capillary loops
Syphilis
Machine-gun cough Pertussis (Bordetella pertussis)
Seal-like cough Croup (Parainfluenza virus)
Brassy cough Bacterial tracheitis (Staph. Aureus)
Staccato cough Pneumonia (Chlam ydia trachomatis)
Gastric Antral Vascular Diffuse Systemic Scleroderma
Ectasia Anti-SCL-70 Antibody
(GAVE) a.k.a.
Anti-topoisomerase I
Turner’s syndrome
Noonan’s s yndrome
 15

W ire Loop Glomeruli Lupus nephropathy type IV (most severe)

needs aggressive treatment

Butterflies in the PLE syndrome  Tachycardia

stomach  Restlessness
 Anxiety
 Depression
 Hydrosis
 Alopecia
 Cold, clamm y skin
 Elevated BP
 Inability to concentrate
 Irritable bowel movement
 Hyperacidity

Management:
Initial  Read, read, read, read, read in
high doses
Attend all Dr. Toom V’s lectures for
further understanding and emphasis of
topics (as maintenance)
Try to eat, drink, rest adequately
Maintain proper hygiene to avoid
(secondary) infections.
Talk with a friend; that includes Dr.
Toom himself
Ultimate: Pray, pray, pray (without fail)