Project part C

Problem 8

Given information:
f'ci (assume for both) = 3500 psi Atotal = 1200 in.2
centroid from top of the section
f'c = 5000 psi = 23.92 in.
fpu = 270 ksi Inertia_top_own_axis = 65536 in.4
fpi = 202.5 ksi Inertia_bottom_own_axis = 5184 in.4
fpe = 162 ksi Inertia = 204536.32 in.4
Low lax strands ybottom = 20.08 in.
D =0.5'' A 1 strand = 0.153 in.2 ytop = 23.92 in.
Eps = 28500 ksi Sbottom = 10186.07 in.3
length = 36 ft Stop = 8550.85 in.3
qsdl = 0.01 ksf n= 24 -
qlive = 0.04 ksf A strand total = 3.67 in.2
Load from double tee: ys (from the bottom) = 9.08 in.
dead load contributed by 12'-0''x32'', 148-S double tee e considered = 11.00 in.
wBeam other direction= 0.719 kip/ft Pi = 743.58 kip
topping other direction = 0.450 kip/ft Pe = 594.86 kip
total other direction = 1.169 kip/ft Moments
total length for double tee = 60 ft γconcrete = 150.00 lb/ft3
qTotal = 5.845 kip/ft winvertedT = 1.25 kip/ft
Section properties (3 in. topping neglected): MinvertedT _dead load= 202.5 kip-ft
top width = 24 in. Mdouble_tee+top._ dead load = 946.89 kip-ft
protuding width (ea.) = 6 in. wsdl = 0.6 kip/ft
h= 32 in. Msdl = 97.2 kip-ft
height base = 12 in. wlive = 2.4 kip/ft
Atop = 768 in.2 Mlive = 388.8 kip-ft
Abottom = 432 in.2 Mtotal = 1635.39 kip-ft
Deflections - Inverted T
L= 36 ft
e= 11.00 in.
Ec = 4030.51 ksi
Es = 28500 ksi
n= 7.07 -
Ig = 204536.32 in.4
bw = 24 in.
dp = 35.20 in.
Aps = 3.67 in.2
Atotal = 1200 in.2
ρp = 0.0031 -
Icr = 24599.88 in.4
Camber due to Pe
fr = 7.5 * sqrt(f'c) = 0.53 ksi
σ_at_transfer = -1.18 ksi <0.53 ksi
not cracked - use Ig
Pe = 594.86 kip
ΔPe = 5*Pe*e*L^2/(48*Ec*Ig)
ΔPe = 0.15 in. up
Deflection due to self_weight
σ_at_construction = -0.07 ksi <0.53 ksi
not cracked - use Ig
wsw_DT+topping = 5.845 kip/ft
wsw_IT = 1.25 kip/ft
wsw_total = 7.095 kip/ft
Δsw = 5*wsw*L^4/(384*Ec*Ig)
Δsw = 0.33 in. down
Deflection due to sdl
wsdl = 0.6 kip/ft
Δsdl = 5*wsdl*L^4/(384*Ec*Ig)
Δsdl = 0.03 in. down
Total ΔD = 0.35 in. down
Total ΔD-ΔPe = 0.20 in. down
Deflection due to D+ll
σ_at_service = 0.79 ksi >0.53 ksi
cracked - use Icr
1st method
(=)-Pe/A = -0.50 ksi
(=)-Pe*e*ybottom/I = -0.64 ksi
<=> Mself_weight_IT/Sb = 0.24 ksi
<=> Mself_weight_DT+top./Sb = 1.12 ksi
<=> Msdl/Sb = 0.11 ksi
<=> Mlive/Sb = 0.46 ksi
α= 0.436 -
2nd method
(wD+αwL)*L^2/8 = Mcr
wD = 7.695 kip/ft
wL = 2.4 kip/ft
fpres,bot = -1.14 ksi
Cracking moment (Mcr) = 16994.92 kip-in.
Cracking moment (Mcr) = 1416.24 kip-ft
α= 0.436 -
ΔD+ll with Ig
Δd+ll_Ig = 5*(wD+α*wll)*L^4/(384*Ec*Ig)
Δd+ll with Ig = 0.40 in. down
ΔD+ll with Icr
1st method
Δd+ll_Icr = 5*(1-α)*wll*L^4/(384*Ec*Icr)
Δd+ll with Icr = 0.52 in. down
Total ΔD+ll = 0.92 in. down
2nd method
Mtotal = 1635.39 kip-ft
Δd+ll with Ig = 5/48*Mcr*L^2/(Ec*Ig)
Δd+ll with Ig = 0.40 in. down
Δd+ll with Icr = 5/48*(Mtotal-Mcr)*L^2/(Ec*Icr)
Δd+ll with Icr = 0.52 in. down
Total ΔD+ll = 0.92 in. down
Δll = (Δdl+ll)-Δdl with camber
Δll = 0.72 in. down
Δsustain
sustain --> 20% live load
Δd+ll=5*w*L^4/(384*E*Ieff.)
Ieff. = 103292.57 in.4
Δsustain= 5*(wD+0.2*wll)*L^4/(384*Ec*Ieff.)
Δsustain = 0.74 in. down
Δlong-term
Δlong-term = (Δsustain - Δpe) * creep coefficient (Cc)
Cc (table3-4, Dolan) = 2.65 -
Δlong-term = 1.56 in. down
Δmax
Δmax = Δlong-term + Δll
Δmax = 2.28 in. down
live load deflection limit
L/360 = 1.2 in. ok by: 40%
long-term deflection limit
L/240 = 1.8 in. not ok by: 26%
Given information:
f'ci (assume for both) = 3500 psi Add topping
f'c = 5000 psi topping thickness = 3.00 in.
fpu = 270 ksi γconcrete = 150.00 lb/ft3
fpi = 202.5 ksi A cross_section topping = 3.00 ft2
fpe = 162 ksi A cross_section topping = 432 in.2
Low lax strands wself_weight_topping = 450.00 lb/ft
D =0.5'' A 1 strand = 0.153 in.2 wself_weight_topping = 0.450 kip/ft
Eps = 28500 ksi Mself_weight_topping = 202.50 kip-ft
length = 60 ft Total M self-weight topping hardened = 526.05 kip-ft
qsdl = 0.01 ksf f'c_topping = 4000 psi
qlive = 0.04 ksf depth topping = 3.00 in.
width_topping = 144.00 in.
Pick double-tee section from PCI table inertia_topping = 324.00 in.4
Choose 12'-0''x32'', 148-S, superimpose service 73 lb/ft2 E_concrete_beam = 4030.51 ksi
Given information: E_concrete_topping = 3605.00 ksi
No topping E_concrete_topping/E_concrete_beam = 0.89 -
height = 32 in. ybar (from the top) = 8.39 in.
A= 690 in.2 ybar (from the bottom) = 26.61 in.
I= 64620 in.4 yscenter = ysend = ys = 8 in.
ybottom = 22.75 in. ecenter = eend = e original to the new centroid = 18.61 in.
ytop = 9.25 in. emodified = 15.96 in.
Sbottom = 2840 in.3 inertia_topping_beam = 93533.38 in.4
Stop = 6986 in.3 Sbottom = 3515.11 in.3
wself-weight = 0.719 kip/ft Area (beam + topping) = 1122 in.2
tributary width = 12 ft Information summary
n= 14 - height = 35.00 in.
A strand total = 2.14 in.2 A= 1122 in.2
yscenter = ysend = ys = 8 in. I= 93533.38 in.4
ecenter = eend = e (original) = 14.75 in. ybottom = 26.61 in.
emodified = 12.1 in. ytop = 8.39 in.
Moments Sbottom = 3515.112956 in.3
Mself-weight = 323.55 kip-ft Stop = 11146.77215 in.3
wsdl = 0.12 kip/ft wself-weight = 1.169 kip/ft
Msdl = 54.00 kip-ft tributary width = 12.00 ft
wlive = 0.48 kip/ft n= 14 -
Mlive = 216.00 kip-ft A strand total = 2.14 in.2
Calculate P yscenter = ysend = ys = 8.0 in.
Pi = 433.76 kip ecenter = eend = e (original) = 18.61 in.
Pe = 347.00 kip emodified = 15.96 in.
2 in. cover guaranteed
1.75 in. spacing of the strands guaranteed
Deflections - double T
L= 60 ft
e= 15.96 in.
E_concrete_beam = 4030.51 ksi
E_concrete_topping = 3605.00 ksi
Es = 28500 ksi
n= 7.07 -
I_beam_only = 64620 in.4
I_composite = 93533.38 in.4
Aps = 2.14 in.2
A_beam = 690 in.2
A_composite = 1122 in.2
ρp = 0.0019 -
dp_calc.= 24.35 in.
0.8*h = 28.00 in.
dp = 28.00 in.
Icr = 9667.16 in.4
Camber due to Pe
fr = 7.5 * sqrt(f'c) = 0.53 ksi
σ_at_transfer = -1.11 ksi <0.53 ksi
not cracked - use Ig, beam only
Pe = 347.00 kip
ΔPe = 5*Pe*e*L^2/(48*Ec*Ig)
ΔPe = 1.15 in. up
Deflection due to self-weight of beam + wet topping
Use non-composite Ig
σ_at_construction = -0.25 ksi <0.53 ksi
not cracked - use Ig, beam only
wsw_beam = 0.719 kip/ft
wsw_topping = 0.450 kip/ft
wsw_total = 1.169 kip/ft
Δsw = 5*wsw*L^4/(384*Ec*Ig_nc)
Δsw = 1.31 in. down
Deflection due to sdl
Use composite Ig
wsdl = 0.12 kip/ft
Δsdl = 5*wsdl*L^4/(384*Ec*Ig_c)
Δsdl = 0.09 in. down
Total ΔD = 1.40 in. down
Total ΔD-ΔPe = 0.25 in. down
 Deflection due to D+ll
σ_at_service = 0.83 ksi >0.53 ksi
cracked - use Icr composite
wD = 1.289 kip/ft
wL = 0.48 kip/ft
(=)-Pe/A -0.31 ksi
(=)-Pe*e*ybottom/I -1.58 ksi
fpres,bot = -1.88 ksi
Cracking moment (Mcr) = 8489.11 kip-ft
Cracking moment (Mcr) = 707.43 kip-ft
Mtotal = 796.05 kip-ft
Δd+ll with Ig =
5/48*Mcr*L^2/(Ec*Ig_c)
Δd+ll with Ig_c = 1.22 in. down
Δd+ll with Icr = 5/48*(Mtotal-Mcr)*L^2/(Ec*Icr)
Δd+ll with Icr = 1.47 in. down
Total ΔD+ll = 2.69 in. down
Δll = (Δdl+ll)-Δdl with camber
Δll = 2.44 in. down
Δsustain
sustain --> 20% live load
Δd+ll=5*w*L^4/(384*Ec*Ieff.)
Ieff. = 47579.6 in.4
Δsustain= 5*(wD+0.2*wll)*L^4/(384*Ec*Ieff.)
Δsustain = 2.11 in. down
Δlong-term
Δlong-term = (Δsustain - Δpe) * creep coefficient (Cc)
Cc (table3-4, Dolan) = 2.65 -
Δlong-term = 2.54 in. down
Δmax
Δmax = Δlong-term + Δll
Δmax = 4.97 in. down
live load deflection limit
L/360 = 2 in. ok by: 22%
long-term deflection limit
L/240 = 3 in. not ok by: 66%

It was observed that for the inverted T, although the long-term deflection is off by 26%, the deflections
are close to the limits. However, for the double T, none of the deflections limits were satisfied. This may
have happened since the double T was designed with a capacity comparable to the acting loads while the
inverted T was slightly over-designed. The modification of the cross-sections as well as addition of
compression steel are some of the alternatives to solve the problem. Despite the issues, the total sagging
of the beams is smaller than the thickness of the flange of the Inverted T. As a result, there are no
constraints on the garage total height (it may constrain the vehicles heights otherwise).