මෙෙ උතුම් ධර්ෙ ග්රමන්ථය සම්පාදන කරන ලද

අපවත් වී වදාළ ෙම ෝපාධාා අති පූජනී රාජකී පණ්ඩිත

ොතර සිරි ඥාණාරාෙ ෙ ා ස්වාමීන්ථව න්ථමසේට

පුණාානුමෝමෙෝදනා ශීර්ෂම න්ථ යුතුව නෙස්කාර කරමින්ථ ම ෞරවනී ෙ ා ස්වාමීන්ථව න්ථමසේට පැතූ
ම ෝධිම න්ථ උතුම් වූ නිවන්ථසුව ප්රාර්යනා කරමින්ථද,
ධර්ෙ ග්රමන්ථය මුද්රුණ ට දා ක වූ සි ළුෙ පිංවතුන්ථට නිදුක් නිමරෝගී සුව ස දි ාසිරි ප්රාර්යනා
කරමින්ථද,
මෙ ඩිජිටල් ආකාර ට පරිවර්යන කල සි ළුෙ පිංවතුන්ථටද නිදුක් නිමරෝගී සුව ස දි ාසිරි
ප්රාර්යනා කරමින්ථද මෙෙ

"විදර්ශනා පරපුර"

ධර්ෙ ග්රමන්ථය උතුම් ධර්ෙ පූජාවක් මලස

http://www.ariyamagga.org
මවබ් අඩවිම හි පලකරනුමෝ ලැමබ්. මෙම් උතුම් ධර්ෙ දානෙ කුසල මෙෙ ධර්ෙ ග්රමන්ථය
සම්පාදන කරන ලද රුතර ෙ ා සිංඝ රත්නමේත් ඒ සඳ ා විවිධ අයුරින්ථ දා ක වූ සි ළුෙ
පිංවතුන්ථමේත් සි ළුෙ සොක් ප්රාර්යනා ඉටු වී පැතුම් පරිද්මදන්ථ
උතුම් වූ නිර්වාණ ධර්ෙ සුවමසේ අවම ෝධ කර ැනීෙ පණිසෙ
ඒකාන්ථතම න්ථ ම ේතු මේවා.....

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tla;rd wkaoulska f.dkqjla we;sj fï lreKq ál fufia
t<solajkakg isÿúh'
 ix
fï fjkqfjka .;a wk,afmd;aidyfha m%;sM, rdYshla
;j;a fuys i|yka lrkakg fkd yelsj u ;ekam;a ù we;af;ah'
tA ish,a, h:d ld,fha iqÿiq ms<sfj<lska m%ldYhg muqKqjd,Sug
±ka woyialr isáñ'
;jo fï i|yd wmg fndfyda fokd Wmldr jQy' b;d
ldre‚lj mer‚ lugyka fmd;a imhdÿka lvjeoaÿfõ mqrdK
úydrfha mqia;ld,hdêldÍ .re kdhl ia:úrhka jykafia o"
yÕ=rkafl; fmd;a., = a úydrdêldÍ .re kdhl ia:úrhka jykafia
o" lrf.dv Whkaf.dv iqcklka; úydria: mqi; a ld,hdêldÍ .re
ia:úrhka jykafia o lD;{;d mQ¾jlj fuys,d úfYaIfhka isym
s ;a
lrk w;r" fï wd§ fkdfhla f,iska wmg WmldÍ jQ tA yeu
i;amqreI flfkl=kag u ks¾jdKdjfndaO ud¾.h myiqfjka
ie,fiajd'
fï j.g iïmdol
ud;r Y%S ×kdrdu ia:úr
okõlkao úfõl fikiqk"
je,sfõßh'
2504 kjï ui wj wgjl
01
úo¾Ykd mrmqr
kfud ;ii N.jf;d wryf;d iuud iunqoOii///
;%ú
s O Ydikh(-
—;sKKx fLd udkj LJOdkx fid N.jd jKKjd§ tfF:j
bux ck;x iudofmis ksfjfiis m;sgGfmis' l;fuix
;sKKx@ wßhii iS,CLJOii wßhii iudêCLJOii" wßhii
m[[CLJOii' bfuix fLd udkj ;sKKx LJOdkx fid
N.jd jKKjd§" tfF:j bux ck;x iudofmis" ksfjfiis"
m;sgGfmiSZ;s˜
udkjlh¦ tA Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia .=K fldgia ;=kla .ek
miik iq¿ jQ fial' tys fï ck iuQyhd iudoka lr jQ fial'
jdih lr jQ fial' msysg jQ fial' ljr ;=kla .eko@ wd¾h jQ YS,
rdYsh .ek" wd¾h jQ iudê rdYsh .ek" wd¾h jQ m%{d rdYsh .ek h'
udkjlh" tA Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia fï .=K fldgia ;=k .ek miik
iq¿ jQ fial' fuys fï ck iuQyhd iudoka lr jQ fial' jdih lr
jQ fial' msysg jQ fial'
fï Ydia;D jQ nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a wkqYdikh myod ÿka
wdkkao iajdóka jykafiaf.a m%ldYfhls' fun÷ wkqYdikfhka
fyì nqof a Oda;m
a do ld,hlg uqyK q §ug wmg ms<j s ka jQfha w;S; jQ
jákd mskl n,fhks' wmg wo ,eî we;s tA nqoafOda;amdo ld,h
w;sYhska ÿ¾,N iïm;a;shla nj ie,lsh hq;=h' th ÿ¾,N ùug
fya;j = nqÿ flfkl=kf a .a my< ùu f,dj we;s wudre u jevla jk
fyhsks' nqoafOda;amdo ld,fhka ,enqKq w.kd iïm;a;sh nqoO
Ydikh hs' th w.kd r;akfhls' ÿ¾,N r;akfhls' iïm;a;s kñka
i,lk fjk lsisu rejfklska iemf;lska ,o fkdfyk
iekis,a,la fuhska ,nd.; yelsjk fyhska nqoaO Ydikh wmg
 02
,eî we;s mru iekis,a, o wiajeis,a, o jkafkah' fjk iemj;a
foa fijqfuka ,efnkafka ÿl fndalsÍu h' iem f.jd,Su h' fï
Ydik r;akh fijqfuka ,efnkafka ÿl úh,jd iem fndalr
.ekSu h' tfia jQ W;=ï l,HdK .=K iuqodfhka fyì mru idr
.=Kfhka .ejiS.;a iïnqÿ iiqka rejk yuqlr.;a wm thska .;
hq;= W;=ï m%fhdackh fkdj,yd i,id .ekSug Wkkaÿ úh hq;=h'
tA nqoO
a Ydikh fldgia ;=klg fnod wm úiska W.; hq;h
= '
1' mßhF;s Ydikh
2' mámF;s Ydikh
3' máfjO Ydikh hkqfjks'
tys¦ 1' mßhF;s Ydikh kï(-
^m¾hdma;s Ydikh& uyd ldre‚l nqÿmshdKka jykafia jod<
wkqYdikd iuQyh hs' tA jkdys fmdÿfõ iq.;shg o úfYaIfhka
ksjkg o ud¾.h i,id fok ms<f s j; jod< iqmßs isÿ Wmfoia /ih'
úkh msglh" iQ;%dka; msglh" wNsO¾u msglh hs' th fldgia
;=klg fn§ we;af;a h' tys .eUqre ;eka ,sys,a fldg f;areï lr
.ekSug myiq u. olajk wgqjdfjda we;' tys úia;rh" my< fkdjQ
.eg¿" fkd ,syqkq ;eka t<s fmfy<s lrk àld wkqàldfjda we;'
tA yeu ;eka myiqfjka ys;g .kakd kshdfhka ilia l< ix.%y
O¾u .%J:fhda we;' rd. úkh" fodaI úkh" fuday úkh i,ik
kh wkqj p;=iai;Hh m%ldYl l%u wkqj wud uyd ksjka riska
rij;a jQ kh wkqj tA yeu nqÿ joka msßiqÿ ie±yeis;ska W.; hq;=
jkafka h' ,dN hiia ldu;dÈfhka ñßlS .kakd yg th je<lS
hkafka h'
2' mám;;s Ydikh kï(-
^m%;sm;a;s Ydikh& m¾hdma;sh kï jQ nqoaOdkqYdikdjg
wkqrEmj ms<ms eÈh hq;= jQ" msßh hq;= jQ is,a fldgia YS,hg Wmldrl
03
Oq;dx. fldgia h" iudê fldgia h" úo¾Ykd {dk fldgia h" hk
fï ;%súO YsËdfjda h' wkdÈu;a ld,hl mgka mqreÿ ù" wíneys ù
we;s flf,ia n,mEï uÕyrjd ÿYapß; j,ska lh jpk fol
ixjr lr .ekSu" is; ixjr lr .ekSu fuhska isÿjkafka h' th
o ie±yefhka .re ie,ls,su;a j fkdlvjd - fkdmsßfy,d
/l.; hq;af;ah' ù¾hfhka l=iS;lï ue~ mshd fkd kj;ajd
f.khd hq;f a ;a h' kqj‚ka iïfudayh ue~ mshd /lal hq;= ;dla
oE /l .; hq;f a ;a h' isyf
s hka hq;j
= mudjg bv fkd ;nd iq/lsj
j¾Okhg m;alr .; hq;af;a h' OQ;dx. .=Khka /lSfuka
w,afmaÉP;d § .=K ÈhqKqfjka hf:dla; YS,h ;yjqre lr .;
hq;af;a h' msßisÿ is,ays msysgd th Wmldr fldg f.k iudêh
j¾Okh lr.; hq;af;a h' thska is;a ;ekam;a fldg f.k kdu -
rEm O¾uhka ,laIK ridÈ jYfhka o wks;HdÈ jYfhka o ne,Sfuka
úo¾Ykd {dk mrïmrdj ÈhqKq lr .; hq;af;a h' fï m%;sm;a;s
Ydikh hs'
3' máfjO Ydikh kï (-
^m%;sfõO Ydikh& hf:dla; m%;sm;a;sh iïmQ¾K ùfuka
,nd.; hq;= jQ - w;alr .; hq;= jQ ud¾. - M, ks¾jdK O¾ufhda h'
fï Ydikdx. jk jev ;=fkka m%;sfjO jev fldgi u
m%Odk h" w.% h" fY%IaG h' f,dalfha nqÿjrhka jykafia,d my<
jkafka o fï m%;sfjO Ydikh msysgqjd,Su uq,alr f.k h'
mßh;a;sh m; fmdf;a w;=<;a ù ;sfnhs' mám;a;sh;a
máfjOh;a th mqrk mskaj;=ka we;súg u mj;afka h' tfyhska
ms<f
s j;a mqrkakdf.a ika;dkhl u fuh ±lal hq;= fjhs' ms<fs j;a
mqrkakka kef;d;a fï m%;f s õOh o ke;' Tjqka fndfyda fjf;d;a
m%;sfõOh o fndfyda fõ' ÈhqKq fjhs'
 04
úo¾YfkdamfoaYdrïNh
nqÿ flfkl= f.ka u f,djg my<jk fï úo¾Ykd WmfoaYh
fï nqoafOda;amdofha werUqkq ieá i|yka jkafka m[ap j.a.sh
NsËkQ a iïnkaO l:dfõ h' nqoO a ;ajh ,nd.;a miq wjfndaOlr .;a
O¾uhka fkdfhla jr m%;HfjËd lrñka Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia
foaYkd {dkh O¾uh ms<. s kakd msßi fj; fhduq l< fial' m[ap
j.a.sh ;dmihka m%uqL ÈjH n%yau msßig oyï foiSfuka miq tA
b;=re msßi l¾ui:dk Ndjkdfõ fho jQ whqre uekúka i,lk
l,ays" fld;rï wjOdkhla" wm%udo jev ms<sfj<la thg ´kE
flf¾ o@ hkq t<sfjkjd we;' ue÷ïiÕs uQ,mKaKdil wgqjdfõ
i|yka fï mdGh úfYaIfhka ie,lsh hq;= h'
—fojms iqox NsCLq Tjdodó;s wdÈmdámoojif;d mgGdh
msKvmd;F:dhms .dux wmmúik§mkJ:x jqF;x' f;ix.s
NsCLqkx luugGfkiq WmmJk u,úfidOkF:x N.jd wfJ;d
úydsr fhj wfydis' WmmfJk WmmfJk luugGdkuf< f;ms
N.jdms f;ix ksiJs kgGdkx .JFjd u,x úfkdfo;s' w: f;ix
N.j;d wkSyg NfF;k TjÈh udkdkx jmmfF:frdmdámo
Èjfi fid;dmfJkd wfydis ' NoÈhfF:frd ÿ;s h dhx
uydkdufF:frd ;;shdhx wiiðfF:frd p;=F:shd mCLii
mk m[pñhx ifnnj f; tlf;d iJksmdf;Fjd wkF;
,CLK iqF; lf:is' iqF; mßfhdidfk ifnnms wryF; Mf,
m;sgGhsxiq˜hs
hkdÈh mE,úh Èkfha mgka ms~q i|yd o .ug fkd jeãu
±laùug jodrK ,§' tA NsCIQkaf.a lugyfkys Wmka u, msßisÿ
lrkq i|yd Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia úydrh ;=< u jQiqy' Wmkqmka
lugyka u, we;súg tA NslI a y
Q q o Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia <Õg f.dia
úpdrkakdy' Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia o Tjqka yqka ;ekg jev lugyka
u, Y=oO
a lrk fial' blaì;s msKv a md;h i|yd fkd jeä" Nd.Hj;=ka
jykafia úiska wjjdo lrkq ,nk tA NslI a k
Q a w;frys jmam f;reka
05
jykafia mE<úh Èkfha fidajdka jQy' Èhjlg NoaÈh f;reka
jykafia o" ;shjlg uydkdu f;reka jykafia o" c,jlg wiaið
f;reka jykafia o" fidajdka jQy' úfiakhs g yeu foku /ia lrjd
wkF; ,CLK iQ;h % foaYkd l<y' fl<jr ish,af,da u ry;a jQ y
hkq fï mdGfha woyi h'
fï mdGfha tk tla tla wx.hla ishïq j úuik úg úo¾Ykd
Ndjkdj ms<sn| .=ma; jQ lreK /fila u t<sfmfy<s jkafka h'
úo¾Ykd Ndjkdfõ § fhda.djprhd lïuÜGdkdpdÍka úiska o
úfYaIfhka ie,ls,a, fhduq l< hq;= jk ukisldr N+ñh ms<sn|
ksrjq,a f;areula fuhska ,nd .; yels jkafkah' th Ndjkdfõ
fhfokakjqka yg;a fhdokakjqka yg;a w;sYhska Wmldr jk
WmfoaYfhls'
fufia tjlg f,dalfha lsis ;efkl fkd ;snK q q fï úo¾Ykd
NdjfkdamfoaYh iïud iïnqÿjrfhl=f.ka u ,eìh hq;= jQ fyhska
uQ,sl msßig fï ms<sn| fudk u WmfoaYhlaj;a fjk flfkl=ka
f.ka ,en .kakg bfvla fkd ;snqfKa h' fï msßfia;a óg miq
my< jQ msßiaj,;a m%;HË w;a±lSula we;sj ;=nQ fyhska B<Õ mrmqrg
fï ms<sn| myiqlï ie,fikakg we;' uyd m%d{ Wm;siai
fld,s;d§ka úiska fï WmfoaY l%uh ,o ;eka mgka ;j ;j;a
me;sfrkakg úh' tfyhska nqÿrcdKka jykafia f.a Wmfoia w.%
Y%djlhka jykafia,d ish .Kka fkdfhla l%uj,ska f;areï .;ay'
thska uyd Y%djlhka jykafia,d o" thska NslI a K
Q k
S a jykafia,d o"
thska .sys Wmdil Wmdisld fomsßi o fkdfhla l%u wkqj f;areï
.ksñka wkqky a g o f;areï lr foñka fï úo¾Ykd NdjfkdamfoaY
mrmqr wkql%ufhka ,sh,k fia jev isÿ l<y'
úo¾Ykd NdjfkdamfoaYfhka mQ¾K m%;sM, i,id.;a ÈjH"
n%yua " ukqIH" i;a;j a iuQyhdf.ka O¾u foaYkdfõ ffk¾hHd‚l
Ndjh uekúka Tmamq jQ ld,fha Wkajykafia fufia isxykdo meje;a
jQ fial'
 06
—t;= ú[ü mqßfid" wyukqidihdñ" wyx Ouux fofiñ"
h:dkqig
s Gx ;:d mámccudfkd hiiF:dh l=, mqF;d iuud
foj w.driud wk.dßhx mnncJ;s ;okqF;rx n%yupßh
mßfhdidkx ÈfgGj Ofuu ihx wNs [Ø ipýlFjd
úyßiiJ;s˜
lmá fkdjQ udhd ke;s iDcq iajNdj we;s kqjKe;s mqreIfhla
meñfKajdæ uu wkqYdikd flfrñ' wkqYdikd jQ mßoafoka ms<ms ofka
hula i|yd l=, mq;%fhda uekúka .sysf.ka kslau iiqfkys meúÈ
fj;ao@ nUir fl<jr fldg we;s tA W;=ï w¾:h ;=uQ úYsIag
{dkfhka ±k m%;HlaIfldg jdih flfr;s'
nqoO
a ld,fha NslI
a k
Q a jykafia f.a isß;a álla fï u;= i|yka
lrk mdGfhka f;areï lr .; yels fõ'
NsCIq pdß;%
—nqoO ldf, foj jdfr NslLq iJksm;J;s WmlgG
jiiQ m kdhs l ldf, p mjdrK ldf, p WmlgGdh
jiiQmq kdhsldh oims úi;sms ;sxiums pF;d,Siums mKKdiums
NsCLQ j.. j..d yqFjd luugGdkF:x wd.pPJ;s' N.jd f;ys
ioêx ifuudÈFjd —liud NsCLfj WmlgGdh jiiQmkdhsldh
úpr:dFÓ mqpP;s' w: f; N.jd luugGdkx wd.;uN"
luugGdkx fkd fo:d˜ ;s hdpJ;s' iF:d f;ix pß; jfik"
1' rd.pß;ii wiqN luugGdkx fo;s" 2' fodi pß;ii fuF;d
luugGdkx fo;s" 3' fudy pß;ii Wfoofid mßmqpPd"
ldf,k Ouu ijkx" ldf,k Ouu idlpPd" box ;=hyx
immdhJ;s wdÑCL;s 4' ú;Cl pß;ii wdkdmdk i;s
luugGdkx fo;s 5' ioOd pß;ii midokSh iqfF;k nqoO
iqfndêx" Ouu iqOuulx iX>iqmmámF;s[p mldfi;s 6' [dK
pß;ii wkspp;d§ máixhqfF; .uNSfr iqF;fJ; lf:;s'
07
f; luugGdkx .fyFjd ifp immdhx fyd;s" ;fF:j
jiJ;s" fkd fp fyd;s immdhx fikdikx mqpýFjd .pPJ;s'
f; ;F: jiJ;d f;udisl mámox .fyFjd wd;mmJ;d
jdhuJ;d fid;dmJkdms fydJ;s " ilod.dñfkdms "
wkd.dñfkdms" wryfJ;dms' ;f;d jqF: jiid mjdfrFjd p
iF:q iJ;slx .JFjd —N.jd wyx ;=uydlx iJ;sfl luugGdkx
.fyFjd fid;dm;s M,x mf;;d '''' fm''' wyx w.. M,x
wryF;J;s˜ má,oOx .=Kx wdfrdfpJ;s' ^—oiqF;r iqF; jKKkd˜&
nqoaO ld,fha jkdys fojrla NslaIQyq /iafjkakdy' oiku"
úisku" ;siaku" y;<siaku" mkiaku tl;= ù lugyka b,a,d
tkakdy' nqÿrcdKka jykafia Tjqka iuÕ i;=gq ù —uyfKks jia
<x jQ ld,fha l=ulg weúÈkakdyq o˜hs úpdrK fial' Tjqyq
—iajdóks lugyka msKsi wdfjuq' lugyka wmg fokq uekej˜hs
b,a,kakdy' Ydia;DDka jykafia Tjqkaf.a pß;j, yeáhg 1' rd.
pß;hdg wY=N l¾uia:dkh fok fial" 2' oafõI pß;hdg fu;a
lugyk fok fial" 3' fuday pß;hdg Woafoih mßmqÉP" iqÿiq
ld,fha O¾u Y%jKh" iqÿiq ld,fha O¾u idlÉPdj hk fuh
f;dmg m%:H hhs m%ldY lrk fial" 4' ú;lal pß;hdg wdkdmdk
i;s lugyk fok fial 5' ioaOd pß;hdg mido t<jk iQ;% yd
nqoO
a .=K" oyï .=K" ix> .=K o m%ldY lrk fial" 6' m%{d pß;hdg
wks;H wd§ m%;i s xhql;
a .eUqre iQ;d% ka; m%ldY lrk fial'
Tjqyq lugyka f.k tys imamdh fjf;d;a tys u jikakdy'
ke;fyd;a imamdh fikiqkla úpdrd hkakdy' Tjqyq tys fjfiñka
;=ku a ia ms<f
s j; f.k ù¾hh jvñka fidajdka o jkakdy' ie±.eñ
wdÈyq o jkakdy' ry;a o jkakdy' jia mjrd nqÿrcdKka jykafia
fj; t<U ;u ;uka ,o úfYaIh m%ldY lrkakdy'
oUÈj ÈhqKqjg m;a úo¾YfkdamfoaY mrïmrdj msg rgg o
kshu jYfhka ,enqfka oyï fida rc;=ud f.a Wmldrfhka kj rg
iiqka msysgqjkq i|yd jevu l< uy ry;ka jykafia,df.a O¾u
¥; fufyh iu.h' ,laÈj jevu l< ñys÷ uy ry;ka jykafia o
 08
meñKs Èkfha mgka fkd miqng wkaoñka jev l<y' Wkajykafia
m%Odk uy ry;a msßfia WmfoaY mrïmrdj ,xldoaùmfha oY ÈYdfõ u
me;sr .sfhah'
Ndjkdj .%J:drEV jQ ieá
úo¾YkdNdjfkdamfoaYfhda uq, § meje;af;a Ydiksl .=K
jeãfï l%uh jQ irK YS,dÈ WmfoY iuQyhg fkd fofjks wkaofï
idOdrK b.ekaùï mka;shla f,ig h' tho wdpd¾hjrhkaf.a
iómfhka Ndjkd ud¾.hla jYfhkau §u;a .ekSu;a isÿúh'
NdjfkdamfoaY fkd ,nk uyKlula" meúoaola" fn!oaO;ajhla ke;s
;rñka th fn!oaOlu yd iïnkaO ù meje;s j. Ydiksl ;;a;j a h
wkqj i,lk l,ays meyeÈ,s jkafkah' fufia l,a h;a u fn!oaO
jev ms<sfj< f,!lsl jevj,g o nrj me;sfrkakg jQfhka
NdjfkdamfoaYhka meúÈlï" Wmiïmod wdÈh fuka jeämqr m;
fmdf;a u ;yjqre jkakg bv lv ,enqfKah' l,HdK ñ;% .=K
iïm;a;f s hka hql;
a jQjka yg th mejeÍ ;snf
q Kah' fun÷ l,HdK
ñ;%fhda o l,a h;a h;a u ÿ¾,N jQy' tnkaoka fidhd .ekSu o
ÿIalr úh' w;ßka m;r úiQ tn÷ mskajf;l= f.ka kslï úfõlSj
l;djla idlÉPdjla lsÍug bvla .ekSu o fkd ,efnk fohla
fia m%isoaOj meje;af;ah' mer‚ tn÷ ijdóka jykafia kulf.a
kshu jev ms<sfj<ska whskaj isák úg úfõlhla we;sj ,efnk
bvlvfhka neyeßka wdfjl=g m%fhdackhla .; yels ;eka lSmhla
wgqjdjl fufia i|yka fjhs'
1' ú;lal ud,l ia:dkh
2' NslaLdpdr .uka u.
3' ÿmÜg ksjdik ia:dkh
4' ix>dá mdremk ia:dkh
5' m;a;kSyrKGdkh
09
6' .fï weúo wdik Yd,dfõ le| j<|d wjika jQ úg
7' we;=¿ .ñka kslauqKq ld,h
8' w;r uÕ
9' fndcqka yf,a n;alsi wjikayS
10' Èjdia:dkfha md fodak iufha
11' thska miq Wfooi mßmqpPd j,ska l,a f.ùu
12' ±yeÜgla /f.k uqj fodakd i|yd hk ld,h
13' wdmiq wjq;a fikiqfka yqka ld,h
fuh msg;ska meñKs iajdóka jykafia kula O¾uh .ek
idlÉPdjlg wjirhla b,aÆ úg bv ke;s nj ±kajQfhka ldg;a
úfõlh ,efnk ;eka lSmhla u;=lr ÿka ieáh' tfy;a tA ia:dkj,
o Wkajykafiag úfõl ke;s úh'
wÜGl:dpdßh nqoO
a f>dai iajdñkaøhka jykafiaf.a iïm%dma;h
s
isÿjQfha fun÷ ;;a;ajfhlska hq;a ld,hlh' Wkajykafia
úiqoê
a ud¾.fha l¾uia:dk ms<ns | ish¨ úia;r fkd msßfy,d úia;r
l< nj(
—luugGkduys Ndjkd úOdkx } innx wgGl:dkfhk
.fyFjd úiqoê uf.. úF:dß;x˜ hs luygka ms<sn| ish¨ Ndjkd
úOdkh wgqjdfõ wdkhska úiqoê
a ud¾.fha úia;r lrk ,§' fuhska
úiqoaê ud¾.h iïmQ¾K Ndjkd úOdkfha úia;r l< .%ka:h nj
m%ldYs;hs'
tfy;a fï Wfmdi:hg we;=<;a jQ o" fkd jQ o fndfyda
úia;r l:dfjda wd.u .%ka:hg l< w¾:l:djkays olajk ,oaody'
Ndjkd l%uhka ms<sn`o wdpd¾h u;fNao mq¿,a jYfhka olajk
;eka iq,N fkd jQj;a úiqoaê u.a.fha u u..d u.. [dKoiik
úiqoaêfha § úiqoaê l:d l%uh" wßhjxY l:d l%uh hs l%u folla
fmkajk ,oafoah' fï fol u mriamr úioDYh'
 10 11

tfia u(- 1' uyd i;smgGdk —§> ksldhd.;˜ 2' kdNsf;d WoOx hdj .,jdgld ucCêuldfhd' ;F:
ldhoilx Ndjoilx jF:qoilx wdydr iuqgGdkd§ks
2' i;smgGdk —uc¯u ksldhd.;˜
;Sks wgGldkS;s p;=mKKdi rEmdks˜'
3' pQ,;Kyd iXLh
3' .,jdglf;d WoOx Wmßuldfhd kdu' ;F: pCLqoilx
4' uyd ;Kyd iXLh
fid;oilx >dkoilx ðjydoilx lldhoilx Ndj
5' pq,, fjo,, oilx wdydr iuqgGdkd§ks ;Sks wgGldkS;s p;=m[[di
6' uyd fjo,, rEmdks˜
7' rgGmd, fï fn§u wkqj oaj;a;sxidldrh;a fiiq Od;= folg wh;a
8' ud.JÈh Od;= fldgia 10;a fnod W.ekaùfula fjhs' tfia u úNx.ÜGl:d"
úkhÜGl:djkays oaj;a;xs idldr Ndjkdj Èk kshu fldg Ndjkd
9' Od;= úNX.
lrk wdldrhla o W.kajk ,oafoah' fï ld, kshuh úiqoaê
10' wdfk[c immdh ud¾.fhys lsisÿ ;efkl fkd ,efí' u;fNao o¾Ykhla jYfhka
11' fjokd ixhq;a; u,a,l iajdóka jykafiaf.a l:dj fmkajd we;'
12' iCl m[y úiqoaê l:d l,dm iïuikdÈh ms<sn| u;fNao lSmhla w¾:
13' wdydr l:dj, i|yka fjhs' tfy;a fï u; fNaohka ksid Ndjkd úêhg
wd§ iQ;%hkays o" ;o¾: l:djkays o" rEmdrEm ydksfhla we;s fkdfõ' úiqoê a ud¾.h iïmdokh lsÍug m%:ufhka
fkdfhla mrïmrdj, Ndjkd l%u lSmhla u mej;s nj fmfk;;a
l¾ui:dkhka ±la jQ nj fmfka'
thska miqj thg u hg;a fldg Ndjkd úêfha jeãu kej;=Kq fia
fï w;rg wNsO¾ufha uq,a m%lrK folg fok ,o úia;rj, fmfkhs'
o" úkh msglfha wdkdmdkdÈhg fok ,o úia;rj, o fkd wvq jQ
ñysÿ udysñhka jykafia f.ka werUqkq Ydik mrïmrdj È.g
Ndjkd úOdkfhla olakd ,efí'
u i|yka lsÍug fndfyda W;aidy .;a;;a fkdfhla úÈfha w;=re
oaj;a;xs idldr Ndjkdj wk;=re ksid je<lS .sfhah' uyd úydr NsËq mrïmrdj hhs kshufhka
wNsO¾uhg l< wF:id,sks kï wgqjdfõ fufia i|yka fjhs' ±laùug mrmqrla fkd ue;s úh' Ndjkd mrïmrdj o fï iuÕ ÿn,
—buiñx ys iÍfr fygÀuldfhd uc¯uldfhd Wmßuldfhd;s jQ nj is;sh yelsh' fï ÿn,ùu m,dnoa., úiQ O¾ulS¾;s iajdóka
;fhd fldgGdid fydJ;s˜ jykafiaf.a ld,fhka miqj hhs lsh hq;=h'
1' ;F: kdNsf;d mgGdh fygGd fygÀuldfhd —;iñx ,la nqÿ iiqk msyá
s uq,a ld,h
ldhoilx Ndjoilx wdydr iuqgGdkdks wgG ,la nqÿ iiqk msysá uq,a ld,fha úo¾Ykd Ndjkd WmfoaY
W;=iuqgGdkdks wgG ÑF; iuqgGdkdkS wgGpd;s p;= §ug tA ld,fha isáh m%uLq msßi fyd|gu iu¾: jQy' tfyhska nqoO
a
pF;d,si rEmdks ld,fha fuka tA ld,fha o wê.u ,dNh ms<n s | l:d w¾:l:d iy
 12
jxYl:djkays úia;r lrk ,o neõ yefÕa' m%;sfjO Ydikh
jYfhka .efkk fï wê.u iïm;a;hs j¾I oyilg jvd ksremøs;
j fï rfÜ u meje;s nj fmfka'
—tliñx ldf, máfjOldrd NsCLq nyq fydJ;s' tfid NsCLq
mq:cq cfkd;s wX.=,xs midfrFjd ofii;fnnd fyd;s' buiñx fhj
ys §fm tljdrx mq:c q ck NsCLq kdu kdfydis˜ hkafkka tla lf,l
m%;f s õOh imqrd.;a NsCIQyq fndfyda jkakdy' f;, NsCIqj mD:.ackh
hs weÕs,, a Èlafldg ±laúh hq;f = jhs' mD:.ackhka wvq fyhsk's fï
Èjhsfka u tlajfrl § mD:.ack NsCIqfjla kï fkd ùh" ish,af,da
wd¾hfhda jQ y" hkq m%ldY fjhs'
b;d Wiia jQ m%;f
s jO .=Kh w;ska fï ;rï uy;a jQ iuDoaêhla
±rE NsCIq iuQyhlg jdiia:dk jQ fï rfÜ úiQ NslaIQKS msßi yd
Wmdil Wmdisld fo msßi o fï m%;sm;a;s Ydiksl jev ms<sfj<
w;ska b;d Wiia ÈhqKqjla ,nd isá nj ksielfhka i,ld .;
yelsfõ' fï Ydiksl Wiia ÈhqKqj ;u ;uka ;=< i,ld .ekSug
merKs wfma Ydikslhka w;r fï m%;m s ;a;s jev fldgi fld;rï
ÈhqKqjg mej;S ;sfnkakg weoa± hs is;d .ekSug wmyiq fkd fõ'
fuhg yd;amiska wod< jQ mßh;a;s ÈhqKqj .ek ljr l:do@
fuys i|yka l< wd¾hhka jykafia,df.a msßisÿ wdf,dalfhka
wfma ,laÈj nen¿fKa ljr ld,hl ±hs ksYpa h jYfhka ±laùug
;rï Yla;shla wmg ke;' ;j;a fï ;;a;ajh meyeÈ,sùug my;
i|yka wgqjd mdGh Wmldr fjkjd we;'
—iSy, §fm fhp f;iqf;iq .dfuiq wdik id,dh k ;x
wdikx wFÓ hF: hd.=x msúF:d wryF;x mdmqksx NsCLq kFÓ˜
isxy,oaùmfha u tA tA .ïj, wdik Yd,dfõ ys| Wfoa le|
j<|d Ndjkd lsÍfuka w¾y;ajh fkd ,o tlo wdikfhla ke;'
tl, .ïj, wdik Yd,d ùh' fhda.djprhka jykafia,d Wfoa le|
msKv
a md;h i|yd jev jeämqr ld,h f.jkafka fuysh' Wfoa le|
13
msKv
a md;hg hdfuka fyda tys § u ,oaod jQ fyda le|ál j<|d tys
u wiakl jev ys| mqreÿ Ndjkdjl fh§u tl, NslI a k
Q a jykafiaf.a
ksh; pdß;%fhls' tys § ry;a nj ,nd.;a NslIa k
Q a jykafia,d oyia
.Kka blaujd isáhy' fufia yeu wdik Yd,djl u we;s wdik
mßfNda. ù we;af;a W;alDIag jYfhka uy ry;a Ndjh idod.;a
W;=ukaygh'
m%;sfjO Ydikfha wdrlaIdjg l%uj;a fun÷ Wmia:dk
wdjYHl nj ie,l+ merKs fn!oaO .sys mËh NsËQka fkd ukd
widYksl jefvys fkd fho jQy' Wkajykafiag Wmia:dk lf<a
fï W;=ï .=K iïm;a;sh ,en .ekSug lrk wdOdrhla jYfhks'
NslI
a k
Q a jykafia o fï ;%ú
s O Ydikfha ÈhqKj q ;udf.a ÈhqKj q fia
i,ld ish¨ jev l<y' nqÿ iiqk /lSu i|yd isiq orejka ;ekSu
l<y' wrKHia:dk úfõlia:dkdrdu yd tys odhl odhsld msßi o
iiqka .=Khg Wmldr lrk fmdÿ mqoa.,hka jYfhka i,ld uyd
wdßhjxY m%;m s odj" pka¥mu m%;m
s odj wd§ iqúiqoO
a jev ms<f
s jf<ys
fh§ úiQy'
jiN rc;=ud jkaokdj i|yd meñ‚fha ieg jia uyf;r
kula fj;h' Wkajykafia o jd; fõokdjla ksid fl¢ß .dñka
ksod yqkay' rc;=ud f;reka f.a fl¢ßh wid tA nj ±k fõokd
mß.%y ud;%hla mjd ke;s kï ljr meúÈ lfula ±hs l<lsÍ wdmiq
yeÍ hkakg jk' fï nj w;jeis kula Wkajykafiag u;la l<
úg tA wdikakfha u ys|f.k Ndjkd jvd ry;a j rc;=udg ±kqï
fokakg ie,iQ fial'
rc;=ud fï ish¨ mj;a wid <Õg t<U —ijdóksæ fï j¢kafka
Tnjykafiaf.a ry;a .=Khg fkdj Tnjykafia w¾y;ajh ,nd
.ekSug ´kE lrk YS, úiqoaêhla iE§ug iqÿiq fia mD:.ackj
/ls iS,hg hhs oKav kuialdrfhka jeà jekafoah'
 14
fufia is,a msrE iajdóka jykafia,d wd¾hhka jykafia,d
w;r u jev isáfha m%;sm;a;s Ydikh b;d Wiia wdldrfhka
/l.;a fyhska uh'
,laÈj fojkmE;sia rc;=udf.a ld,fhka újD; jQ uy ry;a
hq.h ÿgq.euqK"q ie±ye;sia rcjreka f.a ld,j, w;sYhska ÈhqKjq g
m;aj ;snf
q Kah' rg o mri;=re ìfhka f;drj iqNËs j ;snK
q q fyhska
uyckhd o rcjreka iuÕ tl;= ù iiqka /lSfï fhÿKdy' reyqK;a
rcrg;a thg iïnkaO jQ Ydiksl jev ms<sfj<la meje;af;ah'
tla lf,l wrefKdaofha le<Ksfhka ko fojqkq >KaGd kdohg
wkqj ko fojk >KaGd kdofhka uq¿ ,laìu tlkska kdo jQ nj
wgqjd fmd;aj, i|yka jkafka fï Wiia jev ms<sfj< ksidh'
ñysÿ uyd ry;kajykfia mgka jev isáhd jQ udysñmdKka
jykafia,d f.a m%;sm;a;s Ydiksl jev j,ska miqj m%isoaêfha Tjd
ÿka l,HdK ñ;% flfkl=ka jYfhka i|yka jkafka u,shfoaj
uy ry;ka jykafiah' Plal iQ;% foaYkd wgqjdfõ i|yka jk fï
ldrKh miq l,l isxy, idys;H .%ka:j,g o we;=<;a jQfhah'
;,.=re fjfyr úiq OïuÈkak uy ry;ka jykafia ;reK
ld,fha u meúÈ msßig lugyka §fuys fhÿKdy' oUÈj wiai.=;;
uy ry;ka jykafia jev úiQ msßiqÿ lugyka ìula jQ j;a;ksh
fikiqk isyshg kxjk ;,.=re ufyr o uyd OïurlaÅ; uy
f;reka jykafia jev isá ;=,dodr m¾j;h o ,xldfõ m%;sm;a;s
Ydikh nen<Sug m;a l< mQcHia:dkfhdah' w;s mßY=oO a wd¾h N+ñ
jYfhka i,lk ñyska;,h" ;siaiuydrduh" is;=,amõj hk fï
ia:dkfhda óg fmr isg u m%isoaO j meje;akdy'
Ydiksl ÈhqKqj fï m%;sm;a;sh uq,afldg .;a ÈhqKqj u hhs
ie,el+ fï iajdóka jykafia,d Ôú;h fofjks fldg mßh;a;h s ;a
m%;sm;a;sh;a /l .;a y' Ôú;drlaIdj i|yd iiqka ms<sfj; fkd
blaujd Æy' ;uka hgf;a yslafuk msßi o tnkaoka lr .ekSug
Tjd ÿkay' thska bj;g mkskakjqka .ek wfmlaIdj w;ay<y'
15
Ydiksl jevg ndysr j Wmldrjk úoHd Ydia;h
% ka .ek is;a fkd
fh¥ Wkajykaia,d m¾hdm;a;shg jvd m%;sm;a;shg .re fldg
ie,l+y' ;u ;ukaf.a w;jeiaikg th lshd ;enQy'
uOH ld,h
miq lf,l fuhska isÿjqKq m%;sM,hla jQ Yiksl meúÈ msßi
wvqùu u. yrjd .ekSug is;+ msßila m¾hdm;a;shg uq,a ;ek §
thg Wmldr jQ úoHd Ydia;% mqyqKqjg is;a fhdokakg mgka .;ay'
thska jQfha Ydiksl msßi tA w;ska fndfyda wE;g fmr<S hduh'
fmdf<dkakre hq.fha nqÿ iiqka jev ilia lsÍu lSmjrla u isÿ
jQfha fï mßj¾;kh ksid uh' ÈUq,d., ldYHm udysñhka jykafia"
wdrKHl fïOxlr iajdóka jykafia wd§ fY%I a G
a msßila fï ld,fha
WodjQy' Wkajykafia,d fï m%;ms ;a;s Ydikh ms<n
s | iu: úo¾Ykd
NdjfkdamfoaYhka myod ÿkay' tfy;a fï ld,fha úo¾Ykd
NdjfkdamfoaYh jeä jYfhka wrKHl NslaIq iuQyhd w;r u
meje;af;ah' .=K msÍula wkqj m<uqfjka mgka .;a jkjdisl nj"
wrKHl nj miq l,l mrïmrd /lSug fhdod .kakg jQfhka
NdjfkdamfoaYfhda fmd;g u iSud jkakg jQy'
a
ÈUq,d., ldYHm ysñhkaf.a w;jeis jQ Ydßmq;% uyd iajdóka
jykafia O¾u úkh ms<sn| Yío úoHdÈfhys o fY%aIaG W.f;ls'
Wkajykafia wNsO¾ud¾: ix.%y ks.ukfha ;uka úo¾Ykd
l¾uia:dk ix.%yhla l< nj;a i|yka lrkafka fufiah'
—NslLqkx wr[[jdiSkx - úiqoêm: iX.fyd
luugGdksl NsCLqkx - luugGdkii iX.fyd˜
fuhska ießhq;a ysñhka Ndjkd fmd;a folla l< nj o f;areï
lr.; yelsh' wrKHjdiS NslI a k
Q a i|yd úY=oê
a ud¾. ix.%yh o lugyka
jvkq leue;s NslI
a k
Q a i|yd lïuÜGdk ix.%yh o l< njh'
nqoaOf>daIdpd¾hhka jykafia f.ka miqj NdjfkdamfoaY
.%J:hla iïmdokh flf<a uqkja ykafia nj lsh yelsh' fuys i|yka
 16
úiqoêm: ix.%yh hkq ima; úY=oaëka ms<sn| WmfoaY ix.%yh hs
lshd .ekSug o ms<sjka fjhs' túg úo¾Ykd NdjfkdamfoaYh;a
l¾uia:dk ix.%yh;a hk folla hhs ie< lsÍug ms<j s k' Ndjkd
l:d úia;rhla iïmQ¾K jkqfha fï fldgia folu tl;= jk
úgl § h' fï .%ka: wo wNdjhg f.dia we;ehs fndfyda mskaj;=ka
is;k nj fmfka'
fuhska ál l,lg miq;a iiqka jev jevqfuys m%ios O
a jQ fpd<sh
nqoaOm%shdpdÍka jykafiaf.a YsIH jQ isoaO kï iajdñka jykafia
úiska idrix.%yfha we;=¿ fldg we;s lïuÜGdk ix.%yh hf:dla;
lïuÜGdk ix.%yfha ix.%yfhle hs is;Sug o neß ke;' th tA
;rï u l%udkql+,j l< ix.%yfhls'
ÈUq,d., Ndjkd fmd;
ÈUq,d., jev úiQ ldYHm udysñhka iu. u wfma isyh s g
kef.k ÈUq,d., wdrKHdh;kh w;s mú;% ;fmd N+ñfhls' tys
uyKoï msrE W;=uka f.k .sh Ndjkd l%uh we;=<;a ÈUq,d.,
Ndjkd fmd; kñka fmd;la ;sfí hhs' wikakg ,enqKq kuq;a fï
;dla wmg olakg fkd ,enqfKah' ÿgq flkl=ka o ±k.; fkd yels
úh' hïlsis úêfhlska tn÷ fmd;la fõ kï th Ydßmq;% ysñhka
w;ska ilia ù keje; isoOF: ysñhkaf.a idrdxYix.%yfhys jeà
flá ù .sfha ±hs ie,elsh yelsh'
m<dnoa., wdrKHdh;kh
m<dnoa., wdrKHdh;kfha iudrïNh ÿgq.euqKq rc;=ud
f.a ld,fhys nj o" ÈUq,d.,g iuld,Sk nj o úpdrlfhda mji;s'
merl=ïnd uyrcq oji l< Ydiksl ixialrKfha § fuys jev isá
ix>hd o m%uqL ia:dkfhys ,d ie,l+ nj fmfka' u,shfoaj uy
ry;ka jykafia wdÈ fndfyda ry;ka jykafia,d fuys jevWkay
hkq uydjxYfhka meyeÈ,s fjhs' fuu m<dnoa., jkjdiS mrïmrdj
úo¾Ykd mrïmrdfjka o fkd wvqj meje;s nj úuqla;s ix.%y kï
úo¾Ykd Ndjkd .%J:fhka meyeÈ,s fjhs'
17
ioaO¾u,xldrdÈfhys Wiia f,i j¾Kkd lrk m<dnoa.,
wrKH mrïmrdfõ úo¾Ykd Ndjkd l%uh hhs i|yka l< yels
hf:dla; úuql;a s ix.%yfh ys tkafka úY+oêa ud¾. .; l%uhkaf.a
u mßj¾;khla nj úuiSfuka f;areï .;yels fjhs'
iq;uh {dkh fkdfhla wdldrfhka jefvk f,i wrïuK
úNd.h fuys olajd we;;a Ndjkduh {dkfha l%u j¾Okh ms<n s |
lreKq olaùug ie,ls,,a la olajd ke;' thg fya;j
= th fhda.djprhdg
±k.kakg ie,eiSfuka fkd u. hdug bv we;s njh'
w÷re hq.h
iS;djl rdcisxy rcqf.a ld,h jk úg NslI a k
Q a jykafia,df.a
;;a;ajh fndfyda ÿrg my;g jeà ;snqfKah' m¾hdma;sfha ÈhqKqj
ydks ùu;a m%;sm;a;sfha uq<dj;a hk folska NslaIQ msßi wm%;sm;a;s
ÿIam%;sm;a;s folska ¥Is; úh' fuhska .sys fn!oaO msßi o yeu
me;af;ka u msßyS isáhy' rdcisxy rcq fkd u. hdu fya;= fldg
f.k NslI a Q msßig isÿjQfha úYd, mßydksfhls' oyï m;a jekiS
.shy' isxy, NdId fjka yd md,s NdIdfjka o fldf;l=;a iu:
úo¾Ykd O¾u .%k: a hka ;sfnkakg we;' fï ish,a, tA rcqf.a
.sku
s e,hg wiq ù úkdY jkakg we;' wo wmg merKs Ndjkd Wmfoia
fmd;a olakg fkd ,efnkafka fï fya;f = jka hhs ie,lsh yelsh'
mer‚ Ndjkd fmd;a
wfma úo¾Ykd mrmqr ms<sn| lreKq álla fidhd ne,Sug
merKs Ndjkd fmd;a .ek fiú,a,l fhfokakg wmg isÿ úh'
merKs Ndjkd fmd;a w;frys mqif a ld< fmd;a .ek ie,ls,,
a wfma
is;a ;=< ;Èka ldje§ f.dia ;snqfKah' tfyhska merKs mqiafld<
fmd;a kdudj,sfha i|yka fmd;a fidhkakg mgka .;suq' ta u.ska
úo¾Ykd fmd;a ms<n
s | my; i|yka kï ál ±k.kakg wmg ,eìK'
1' Ndjkd w;afmd; je,s.uqfõ iajdóka jykafiaf.a
2' Ndjkd w;afmd; kdmdk iquk iajdóka jykaif.a
 18 19

3' Ndjkd fmd; úh' wmg olskakg ,enqKq tA fmd;aj, idrdxYh fuys i|yka
4' Ndjkd úêh lrkafka iiqka .=K ÈhqKj
q g reÑ lrkakjqkf
a .a m%fhdackh i|ydh'
5' Ndjkd úia;rh l%u iïmsKva kh
6' Ndjkd ikakh fuys i|yka fmd;a ish,a, ±l.kag ,enqfKa ke;' lSmhl
7' úo¾Ykd Ndjkdj f;dr;=re okakjqkaf.ka wid .;sñ' lSmhla ±l f;dr;=re ±k
.;sñ' ;j;a lSmhla wkqudk jYfhka i,ld.; yels úh' fï
8' lxLdú;rK úiqoê
a h ,nd.;a ±kSu wkqj mer‚ mqiafld< fmd;aj, i|yka Ndjkd
9' lïuÜGdk —lugyka˜ iïm%odh y;lg fnod ±laúh yelsfia fmfkhs'
10' lïuÜGdk úNd.h tA fufia hs(-
11' iu: úo¾Ykd Ndjkd 1' úY=oaê ud¾.fha tk l%uh
12' wu;dlr j¾Kkd 2' lïuÜGdk ix.%yfha tk l%uh
13' wNsOïu lugyk 3' úuqlA;s ud¾.fha tk l%uh
14' nUr., úo¾Ykd fmd; 4' je,s.uqfõ iajdñkaf.a w;a fmdf;a tk l%uh
15' lugyka fmd; 5' wuD;dlr j¾Kkdfõ tk l%uh
16' úoiqka nK 6' wNsOïu lugyk
17' fhda.djpr ix.%yh 7' iïñY%K l%uh" hkqfjks'
18' lïuÜGdk ix.%yh 1' úY=oaê ud¾.fha tk l%uh(-
wfma mer‚ W;=ukaf.a m%;m
s ;a;s Ydiksl jev jYfhka .Kka úY=oaê ud¾.fha tk l%uh wfklla fkdj w¾:l:djka ys
.;hq;=" fY%aIaG Ydiksl pß;j, ñKsrejka fuka ie,lsh yels ;eka ;ekaj, i|yka jQ l%u ix.%yh nj wF:id,skS wgqjdfõ tk
—úo¾Ykd NdjfkdamfoaY˜ .%k:a hla .ek wm is;a ;=< ;snQ l=;y= ,h mdGfhlska wm uq,ska u;lalr § we;' fuhg we;=<;a lsÍug
fï kï oek.;a úg ;j;a ÈhqKq ù .sfhah' .re mKaä; lvjeoaÿfõ wjldY fkd ,;a l%uhka úkh wNsO¾u wgqjdjkays o" ;j;a iQ;d% ka;
› ðkjxY ia:úrmdohka jykafia fï fmd;a ;sfnk ;eka fiùug wgqjdjkays o" i|yka jQ njg idOl we;af;ah' tA yeu tll u
fndfyda W;aidy .;ay' m%;sm;a;s Ydiksl jefvys ÈhqKqjg ;o ±lafjk l%uhkaf.a jeämqr fNaofhla ke;'
wNsreÑhla olajk t;=ud fkdfhla wikSmlï j,ska fmf<ñka u 2' lïuÜGdk ix.%yfha tk l%uh(-
fï fmd;a fiùug tla ia:dkhlg lSmjrla f.diskq;a tA fmd;a fï —lïuÜGdk ix.%yh˜ hs ±lajf
Q ha idßmq;% iajdóka i|yka
,en.; fkd yels úh' flfia fyda wfma n,j;a m%hdifha m%;M s ,hla lrk fmd;h' th wmg ±lSug ,enqfKa ke;' tfy;a thg wdikak
jYfhka fuhska fmd;a lSmhla ms<ns | ;;a;ja h wmg oek.; yels ld,hl iemhQ idr ix.%yhg we;=<;a l< lïuÜGdk ix.%yh
 20 21

hf:dala; .%ka:fhka l< ix.%yfhlehs ie,lSug lreKq lSmhla iïnkaO ke;' ldKav f;f<ilg fnod Ndjkd fldgia f;f<ila
wmg ,enqfKah' W.kajk ,oafoa h'
merKs l%uhg iaj,amhla fjkialï olajk fï l%uh Bg tA fufia hs(-
uq,k
s ;
q a miqj;a fndfyda ÿrg ÈhqKj
q g m;ajj
Q la fia i,ld .ekSug 1' m[ap ù;slaluh
bv ;sfí' tfy;a th fjk u l%uhla fldg ±laùug woyia flf<ñ' 2' Phq.,h
3' úuqla;s ud¾.fha tk l%uh(- 3' ldhÑ;a; iqLh
úuql;
a s ud¾.h ye¢kaùula uq, § lrk ,§' th úY=oê
a ud¾.fha 4' wdkdmdk i;sh
i|yka woyia u mßj¾;kfhka O¾ufoaYlhka jykafia,df.a O¾u 5' oi lisKlaluh
foaYkd úia;rhkg myiqjk f,ig fuys l:d YÍrh f.;S ;sfí' 6' oi wiqN úêh
fuys úo¾Ykd Ndjkdfõ fhfok fhda.djprhl=g wjYHjk 7' ldh.;d i;sh
fndfyda l%uhka we;=<;a fldg we;af;ah' Ndjkd Ñ;a;h ;shqKq 8' oi wkqiai;sh
lr .ekSug Wmfhda.S l%ufhda o fnfyúka fuys we;=<;a ù we;a;dy' 9' wrEm djprh
4' je,s.uqfõ iajdóka jykafiaf.a w;a fmdf;a tk l%uh(- 10' p;= n%yau úydrh
fï l%uh weiqre l< Ndjkd úêh we;=<;a l=vd fmd;la 11' oi[dKlaluh
ksu,j wrKH fiakdikfha jev jik .re lghq;= uvj, 12' p;= u.a. M,h
Ouu;s,l iajdóka jykafia úiska ilia lrk ,ÿj fldgila ±ka 13' ksíndkh" hkqfjks'
uqøs;j ;sfí' tys i|yka l%uh fndfyda ÿrg iïmQ¾Kh' tys uq¿ fmd; u .d:d nkaOkfhka iïmdÈ; neõ fmfka' fndfyda
fhda.djprhdf.a Ñ;a;ixmyxikhg wdjYHl jQ wjjdo" Ndjkd m%isoaO jQ nUr., mrïmrdfõ úo¾Ykd fmdf;a *i|yka jkafka o
Wmfoia uq,ska we;=<;a ù ;sfí' B<Õg oaj;a;sxildrh YÍrfha fuu l%uh u hhs lshkq ,efí' tA l%uh úo¾Ykd fmd;" lugyka
Wmßu" uʯu" fyÜÀu hk fldgia ;=fkys msysá ieá uKav, fmd;" nK fmd; hhs fldgia ;=fklska hqla;h' fï ms<sn|
jYfhkq;"a tA i|yd .;l< hq;= fõ,dj zld,Z jYfhkq;"a olajñka úia;rhla mKaä; jgoaor fïOdkkao ia:úrhka úiska fjila
wNsO¾u wgqjdfõ ÿka Wmfoia wkq.ukfhka Ndjkd l%uh fmkajk l,dmhl m< l< ,smshlska o; yels fjhs' thska fldgia lSmhla
,§' fï l%ufhka Ndjkdj f.k hkakl=g fndfyda wkqiia ,nd.; fuys nyd,Su m%fhdackj;a fõ hhs is;uq'
yels nj fmfka' fndfyda ÿrg fï l%ufha fh§ Ndjkdj ÈhqKq
—lS¾;s Y%S rdcisxy ld,fhys u hf:dal;
a úo¾Ykd OQrh ms<n
s |
lr.;a iajdóka jykafia,d lSm kula .ek wikakg ,efí'
wkqYdil moúh rUqlaje,af,a r;kfcd;s iajdñka jykafia úiska
5' wuD;dlr j¾Kkdfõ l%uh(- Wiq,k ,o neõ fuys i|yka m%:u ,smsfhka Tmamqfõ' jkjdiS
fuys i|yka Ndjkd l%uh óg m%:ufhka ±la jQ lsiu
s l%uhlg úo¾Ykd OQrh fyj;a wrKHdh;kh uykqjr ld,fhka miq l=uk
 22
;;a;j a hl msyá s fha ±hs Ydik jxY l:dj ii|kakka úiska úuid
ne,sh hq;=hs'
lS¾;s Y%S rdcisxy ld,fha úo¾Ykdh;kfha rdc mQð; ;ekla
jYfhka ÈUq,d.," j;a;," m,dnoa., wd§ m%ios Oa ia:dk fuka nUr.,
o m%isoaO úh' úo¾Ykd OQrh ms<sn| .%ka: lSmhla u fï mrmqfrka
fuf;la b;=rej ;sîu ie,elsh hq;af;ls'
úo¾Ykd lugyka fmd;
lugyka fmd; yd nK fmd;
nUr., mrïmrdfõ úo¾Ykd fmd; foaYka;rhkays o m%ios O
a h'
fï .%ka:fha l,dm lSmhla o¾Yk úYdro mrjdyer jðrd[dK
iajdókaøhka jykafiaf.a ixfYdaOkfhka m%ldY úh' fï mrïmrdjg
wh;a lugyka fmd; ud úiska imhd f.k ;sfí' fï .%ka: fol
m%pdrhg meñ‚fhd;a úYd, Ydiksl fiajhla jkq ksielhs'
fumuKla fkdj hf:dla; wdh;khg wh;a úoiqka nK kñka
hq;a fmd;la o meje;s neõ fuys i|yka fojk ,smsfhka fmfka'
nUr., fikiqk
iqm%isoaO ;mia kq.h msysá .,af,ka rdYshlska ieÿï ,;a
uqÿuggñka wä mkaoyila Wiska msysá nUr., lkao" ol=Kska
uyje,s .Õ o" kef.kysßka W;=re foiska iq¿ .Õ o w;r wlalr
foish yeg myl muK ìï jdishla jid isákd ruKSh .sßrdcfhls'
ÿïnr m,siam;a;=fõ msysá wrKHdh;khg wh;a nUr., úoiqka
fikiak fuh fõ'
^2491 .=Kfiak fjila l,dmh&
yerñá., êrdkkao kdhl ia:úrhkaf.a i;smÜGdk iQ;%
ikak ix{dmkfha fï mrïmrd úia;rh fufia i|yka fjhs'
—is h ï uy f;rjreka f .kq ; a je,s ú g iÕrdchka
* mßYsIagh n,kq
23
jykafiaf.kq;a fï Ndjkd l%uh fyd|g bf.k mßYS,kh l<
W;a;uhd kï ;;a YsIH orñgfmd< uydkdhl udysñhka jykafiah'
Wkajykafiaf.a YsIHdkqYsIH mrïmrdfõ 1' lgqfmd; uydia:úr"
2' uyuv.,af,a uydia:úr" 3' W,am;.u uydia:úr" 4' l=vduv.,af,a
uydia:úr" 5' neoafoal=áfha uydia:úr" 6' neoafoa.u uydia:úr"
7' fodráhdfõ uydi:úr" 8' ;,domsáfha uydia:úr iy 9' uf.a
wdpd¾fhda;a;u wdNsOuñl Y%S ioaO¾ujd.SYajrdpd¾h yerñá.f,a
r;kmd,dNsOdk udydia:úrhka jykafia o jQy'˜
—uqkajykafia,df.a úo¾Ykd Ndjkd l%uh iïmQ¾Kfhkau
mqia;ldrEV fldg mrmqrg wh;a fldg ;nk ,oafoah'˜
—fuys ;eka ;ekaj, fmfkk m%;r s Emj,ska ±lafjk wdf,dal
ish,a, fo kdid mqgfhka yd fo weiska ksl;= j
a k rYañ wdf,dalfhdah's
tAjd tf,i ksl=;ajkakg mgka .;a úg tA m%;srEmhka iómfhys
kshu l< ia:dkhkays msysgdjdZhs wêIaGdk lr.; hq;=h'˜
fï ,smsfhka hf:dla; Ndjkd l%uh ms<sn| .=reuqIaáh fkd
;nd ish,a, t<sfldg olajd ;sîu jeo.;a ldrKfhls' b;d §¾>
WmfoaY rdYshl idrh thska f,fyisfhka meyeÈ,s jk fyhsks'
fhda.djpr ix.%yh
Ndjkd mrmqr ms<sn| úia;rhla ±k .ekSfï wfmalaIdfjka
ksu,j wrKHfiakdikrlaIl Y%S ioaO¾u m%pdrl iñ;sfha .re
f,alï ;ekam;a weia' WNhisrs uy;d úiska w.a.uyd mKaä; nqoOa ;a;
uydkdhl i:úrhka jykafia f.ka úuiSula lrk ,§' O¾u
Ydiaf;%doa fhys wl=á, wNsreÑhla we;s Wkajykafia fyd| ms<;
s r= la
tjd ;snqfKa h' th o fuys fh§u iqÿiqh hs i,lñ'
,smh
s fufiah(- —Ndjkd mrmqr fkd is£ wd ieáhla olajkag
wmg b;sydifhka fyda fmd;aj,ska fyda Wmldr fkd ,efí' uyd
mrdl%undyq ld,fha isg fldaÜfÜ ld,h olajd .%dujdiS" wrKHjdiS
jYfhka iÕ fldgia folla isá nj fmfka' ÈUq,d., uyd f;rku
 24
wrKHjdisfhls' tfia wrKHjdiS jQ yeu fokd u Ndjkdfjys
fhÿkd ±hs lSu wmyiqh' uykqjr wia.sß úydrh jkjdiSkaf.a
úydrfhls' tA ishï ksldh msyg s jQ ld,fha § Ndjkd mrmqrla fkd
;sìKs ishï ksldh msyfs gõ miq fofjks jrg ishfuka wd f;rkula
fuys Ndjkd mqyK q q lrùhZhs lsh;a' tA ld,fha ishï f;rjreka lS
ieáfhka ,shd.;a —fhda.djpr ix.%y˜ kï fmd;la ;sfí' tys fndfyda
fia ±lafjkafka nqoO
a kuialdr wêIaGdk wdÈhhs" Ndjkd ms<f s j,la
u fkdfõ'
w.a.uyd mKaä; fmd,aj;af;a nqoaOo;a;
l,Hd‚jxY ksldfha uydkdhl uydia:úr
1960' 09' 05
fï ±lajQ Ndjkd l%uh ,laÈj m%foaY lSmhl u úiq mer‚
mskj
a ;=ka mqyK
q q lrf.k .sh nj fmfk;a' th úYd, jYfhka
b.eka jQ ;ekla wmg wikakg fkd ,efí' .sys mËhg fuhska
m%fhdackhla i,id .ekSug u.la fkd ;eîu o ;j;a n,j;a mdvqjla
jYfhka ie,elsh yelsh' l%ufhka fï Ndjkd l%uh miq l, §
fmd;g muKla iSudù .sfha hf:dla; ÿ¾j,;d fyhskeZhs is;uq'
6' wNsOïu lugyk (-
fï Ndjkd fmd; ms<sn| f;dr;=rla yßyeáhg fkd oksuq'
ku wkqj i,ld n,k l,ays kï fï wNsO¾u wgqjdj, i|yka
Ndjkd l%uhla W.kajk .%ka:hla nj f;areï .; yelsh'
w;a:id,skfs hys yd iïfudayúfkdoksfhys o NdjfkdamfoaY rdYshla
we;af;ah'
7' iïñY% Ndjkd (-
Ndjkd úê - Ndjkd ikak" Ndjkd úia;rh" lxLdú;rK
úY=oaêh" iu: úo¾Ykd Ndjkd hk kïj,ska i|yka jk .%ka: o
wmg olskag ,enqfKa ke;' tA .%ka:j, úfYaIfhka ie,lsh hq;=
Ndjkd l%uhla i|yka nj lSug o wms fmdfydi;a fkd fjuq'
iu: úo¾Ykd Ndjkdj;a wrKHjdih;a tlg u f.khdfï
iajNdjh b;d wE; l,l mgka u meje;afka h' .fï úydrfha
jevg Yla;sh ke;s NslaIQkajykafia,d wrKH.;ùu o fnfyúka
25
meje;s isßf;la úh' fï fya;=fldg f.k o fyd| ;shqKq W.;a
lu;a .=Kj;a lu;a fyì NsËk Q a ysÕùu ksid fyd| m%;M
s , ,nd.;
yels jk fï m%;sm;a;sh iqÿiq .=K ke;a;jqka w;g m;aùu ksid
my;a ;;a;ajhlg jegqfKah'
mqkreoa§ma;h
s
fuhg wjqreÿ ishhlg Tífnys ,laÈj jeis ck;dj ;=<
Ndjkdj .ek;a wdrKHl m%;m s ;a;s .ek;a wrKHfiakdik .ek;a
meje;af;a b;d ÿn, ;;a;ja fhls' wrKHl Ndjkdkqfhda.S NsCIQka
jykafia kula ±lSu tA ld,fha wmQre fohls' fiiq nK oyï .ek
ljr l:do@ m%;sm;a;s Ydiksl jev .ek Tjqka yg ;snqfKa b;d
iq¿ ±kSuls'
Ydiksl ùr msßi
nqÿ iiqkg wh;a jev uÈka uo msßfykq ÿgq Wodr woyia we;s
ùr mqoa.,hka tA mdvqj msßuid ,Sug Èú mqod bÈßm;a fjk ieá
Ydik jxY l:dfjka wmg meyeÈ,sj fmfkhs' O¾ufha we;s fï
udyeÕs msßisÿ fufyhùu .ek mjd is;k wmg my< jkafka ksrdñi
m%S;s m%fudaohls' w;S;h foi fiau j¾;udkh foi o kqj‚ka
úuiqï fy<k úg fï ldrKh fyd¢ka t<s meyeÿï fjhs'
w÷re w;S;fha rdcisxy rcqf.ka isÿ jQ Ydik .=K úf,damfhka
isÿ jQ mdvqj msßuid,Sug lS¾;s Y%S rdcisxy rdciufha my< jQ je,súg
ix>rdchka jykafia m%Odk .=Kj;=ka jykafia,d ál kulf.a
jev wo;a wmg i;=áka isyl s < yelsj ;sfí' ld, úIud§ úm;a ksid
th jeä l,la mj;ajd .; fkd yels jQj;a wdrKHl úo¾Ykd
mrïmrd kduhj;a wikag ,eî ;sfnkafka tA m%Yia; Ydik ix.%yh
fya;= fldg f.kh'
bkamiq iiqka jev w÷re w;g yefrkq ÿgq ;j;a mskj a ;=ka
jykafia,d lSm kula iuld,Skj jevg ngy' jrdmsáfha iqñ;a;
iajdóka jykafia" mqjlaoKavdfõ m[a[dkkao iajdñka jykafia"
 26
je,s.uqfõ w;a:oiaiS iajdóka jykafia" kdmdk iquk iajdñka jykafia"
kEyskf a ka iquk;sii a iajdóka jykafia" rxiEf.dv iquk iajdóka
jykafia" mq,h s xl=,fï §mxlr iajdóka jykafia wd§ W;=fudah'
uqkj a ykafia,d Wv md; forg wrKH úfõl fiakdik fidhd f.k
iq¿ msßila iu. úo¾Ykd Ndjkdfõ fhfoñka iiqka jev jevQy' wo
mj;akd wrKH fiakdik ms<n s | Wiia yeÕSu my< jQfha mQcH jQ fï
mskj a ;=ka jykafia,df.a ks¾u, jQ Ôú; mß;Hd.YS,s WÞr iiqka jev
fya;= fldg f.k nj fkdj<yd lsh hq;f = õ' Ôú;h fofjks fldg
iq/ls tA .=Khka msÍug Wkajykafia,dg ueÈ ù úiSug isáfha Ydiksl
.=K lsi; s a fkd o;a msßils' .=K fkd ;lk msßils' flfia kuq;a
Wkajykafia,d f,dalhdg iiqka .=K ms<n s | fyd| me;a; wjfndaOlr
§fuka úYd, ch.%yKhla ,nd .;ay'
fï jev ms<f s j< .s,y
s S jefgkakg iQÞkï jk iufha wdrKHl
m%;ms ;a;hs ;a úo¾Ykd Ndjkd jev;a mqkreoa§ma;h s lg muqKjq d ,Sfï
noaOdNss,di we;s ùr nqoaO mq;%fhl=f.ka hf:dla; iïnkaOh ,eî
mK.eiS kej;;a wdrKHl úo¾Ykd Ndjkd jev ÈhqKqjkakg
mgka .;af;ah' tA jkdys .re lghq;= mKaä; lvjeoaÿfõ › ðkjxY
i:úrmdohka jykafia werUQ › l,Hd‚ fhda.dY%óh iiqka jev
ms<f
s j<h'
f,dal jHdma; Ndjkd jev ms<sfj<
fooyia mkaishfha nqoaO chka;sh fn!oaO msßfia Wkkaÿjg
fya;= úh' fï Wkkaÿfjka fkd ukd ieris,j s ,g is; fh¥ msßila
fuka u Wjukd ;%súO Ydiksl jevg is; ÿka msßila o jQy' fï
msßi ksid f,dalfha fndfyda me;sj, me;sr .sh Ndjkd jHdmdrhla
Wod jQfhah' nqreu Ndjkdj hhs ful, l:d lrk Ndjkd jev
ms<sfj< o nqreu rfÜ w;siïNdjkSh uy f;reka jykafia,d f.a
ud¾.fhka wfma rgg ,enqKq m%Yia: jQ úo¾YfkdamfoaY iuQyfhls'
úo¾Ykd Ndjkd mrïmrdj wLKavj f.k .sh nqreu mskaj;=ka
jykafia,d .sys mlaIhg o W.kajñka th fyd¢ka f.k hdug fkd
miqng j W;aidy fh¥y'
27
nqreu Ndjkdj
m%ia:djdkqrEm fyhska fï nqreu Ndjkdj ms<sn|j o jpk
lsmhla lSu iqÿiq hhs i,lñ'
nqreu Ndjkdj hhs ful, l:dlrkafka W.;a iïNdjkSh jQ
nqreu rg uy f;reka jykafia,d mrïmrdfjka mrïmrdjg fkd
lvjd mj;ajd fï ld,h olajd tkq ,nk nqoaO iïu; úo¾Ykd
Ndjkdjlgh'
ixialdr O¾uhka f.a h:d ;;a;j a h ±kSu úo¾Ykd Ndjkdfõ
m%Odk woyih' thska kdu rEm O¾uhka fn§ jegfykakg i,iaid
.ekSu wdrïN jev ms<f s j<hs' thg YS, úY=oê a h;a Ñ;a; iudêh jQ
Ñ;a; úY=oêa h;a Wmldr fjhs' fuh imhd .ekSug Worfha mj;akd
jdfhdfMdgGnn rEmhg is; fhdod th wruqKq fldg f.k' Ndjkdj
mgka .ksñka pËqrdÈ bkaøh s oajdrhkg yuqjk wruqKq tlla fkd
yer j¾;udk jYfhka fufkys lrhs' ta wkqj ukisldr N+ñfha
jev imhd úo¾Ykd×k mrïmrdj uqyq lrjd f.k ud¾. M, ,dNh
i,id .ekau fï Ndjkdfjka ,efnk b;d Wiia m%fhdackhhs'
w;sYhska id¾:l Ndjhla uq, mgka u i,id fok fï Ndjkd l%uh
Ydikdkqf,dñl fkd fõ hhs lshk iq¿ msßila o we;a;dy' wdOHd;añl
jev ms<f
s j<la jQ Ndjkdjla ms<n s | j tys fkd fh§ úfõpkhla
lrkakg hdu jeks fudavlula lrk tA mskj a ;=ka yg fud<h mE§ug
ljr ;rfï Wml%uhla iqÿiq fõ ±hs wmg kï is;d .ekSu ÿIalrhs'
bisuka bj;,d fï Ndjkdfõ fh§ug wdrdOkd lruq'
Ndjkd l%uixikaokh
mQ¾fjdala; Ndjkd iïm%odhhka ish,a, foi úuiqï uki
fhdok wmg fï ;dla l,t<s ±l we;s NdjfkdamfoaYhka ms<sn|
wdf,dalhla ,efnkafkah' ta jkdys wm is;a ;=< fndfyda ld,hla
uq¿,af,a k<shñka mej;s l=y,
q ,syd,k wdf,dalfhls' w¾y;a ud¾.h
 28
f;la W.kajd,k" il,dxf.damdx. iukaú; jQ fkdfhla Ndjkd
l%uhka wfma merKs mqia;ld,hkays mqiafld< fmd;aj, ,shù
we;sjkakg ms<j s k hk l=y, q ±ka fndfyda ÿrg ikai£s .sh fyhsk's
tfiau ±kg hï ljr l%uhlskq;a t<s±l=ï fkd ,;a fy<Èõ ys
meje;s Ndjkd l%uhla we;súh fkd yelsh hk yeÕSu o fï
iïnkaOj ishqï wkaoñka úuiSfï § wm is;a ;=<g wdfõh'
ish,a, tl;= fldg i,ld n,kúg" úY=oê a ud¾.d.; l%uh;a"
thska mßYsIg a w¾:l:d.; l%uh;a" foYsh l%uh;a hk fldgia ;=k
merKs l% u jYfhka fmka k q ï l< yels fjhs ' iïmQ ¾ K
NdjfkdamfoaYhl wka;¾.; úh hq;= lreKq fï tl fldgfilays
j;a we;ehs lsj fkd yelsh' hïlsis yeÕSula Wv wd§ lïñlhd
úiska wjYHfhka o;hq;= foa fkd lshd yer ;sfí hhs lSug fndfyda
fokd úreoaO jkakg mq¿jk' tfy;a th isÿ ù ;sfí'
kso¾Ykhla jYfhka tla lreKla olajkakg woyia lrñ'
iu: Ndjkdfõ § wruqKg msg;ska bkaøh s kg yuqjk yeu wruqKla
.ek u ms<m s eÈh hq;f
a ;a wi;s wukisldrhhs' thska m%Odk jQ lisK
wdÈ wruqK m%lgj jegfykakg mgka .kafkah' úo¾Ykd Ndjkdfõ
§ m%OdkdrïuKfhka msg wruqKq fkd i,ld yeÍu úo¾Ykd
m%;m
s ;a;h s g fkd .e,fmhs' úfYaIfhka ukisldr N+ñh jQ wdÈl¾u
wjia:dfõ § ,efnk;dla wruqKq j¾;udk jYfhka fufkys lsÍu
fhda.djprhdf.a kdu - rEm O¾uhka ms<sn| úfõlfhka kqjK
ÈhqKj q g Wmldr jkafkah' tfy;a fï iajNdjh .ek úY=oê a ud¾.h
ksYY a ío úh' fun÷ ;j;a lreKq ;sfí' úY=oê a ud¾.fha tk l%uhka
wkq.ukfhka l< wjfYaI Ndjkd l%u ikao¾Yl .%ka: o fun÷
u úh' fuh l¾uia:dk ix.%yfha tla ;ekl § úfYaIhla olajd ;sfí'
th o úo¾Ykd Ndjkdj ms<n s | lreKq fkd ±k úfõpkfhys fhfok
mskja ;=ka yg wkqlïmd i|yd olajd,Su WÑ; hhs woyia lrñ'
Y=oaO úo¾Ykdhdksl jev ms<sfjf<a § úY=oaê ud¾.fha u.
±laùu fufiah(-
29
—iqoO úmiikdhdksfld mk wh fuj jd iu:hdksfld
p;fiid Od;=fhd mß.Kyd;s˜
Y=oaO úo¾Ykdhdkslhd jkdys fï iu:hdkslhd fyda Od;=
i;r jHjia:d flfrhs hk fuhska kdu - rEm mß.%yfha wdrïNh
mjihs' fuys § l¾uia:dk ix.%yh óg jvd meyeÈ,s woyila fohs'
Y=oO
a úo¾Ykdhdkslhd yg iu:fha ÈhqKj q ke;' tfyhska úo¾Ykdj
i|yd fh¥ wruqfKys u Ñ;a; tal.a.;dj i,id .ekSfuka laI‚l
iudêh my< fjhs' th Ñ;a; úY=oaêhhs' tA Ñ;a; úY=oaêh Wv
úo¾Ykdfõ fhfoñka u;= úY=oaê ish,a, iïmQ¾K lr .;yels
jkafkah'
fufia meyeÈ,s f,iska W.eka jQ Y=oaO úo¾Ykd l%uh
m%;ms ;a;hs la fkdfõh hs bj; ,kakg l:d lrkafkda o we;' th"
zÑ;a; úY=oê a h kï m%:u OHdkh hsZ W;alDIag jYfhka l< foaYkdj
wkqj i,ld Y=oaO úo¾Ykdhdkslhd yg hf:dla;dldr iudêh
fkd ,efnk fyhska lshk l:dfjls'
—ÑF; úY=oê kdu i Wmpdrd wgG iudmF;sfhd˜ hk úY=oaê
ud¾. l:dj o Tjqka yg úYajdi ke;s fia fmfka' tfia u foaYkdfõ
i|yka mQ¾fjdla; Ñ;a; úY=oaê l:dj o úY=oaê ud¾. l:djg
fkd .e<fmk fia i,l;s' fï ish,a, u ksrdlrKh jkakg kï
Y=oaO úo¾Ykdhdkslhd f.a ud¾. Ñ;a;fhys ,efnk Ñ;a;dx.hka
i,ld ne,sh hq;= h' tA jkdys iïmQ¾K m%:u OHdkdx.hka .eí jQQ
;efkls' fufia ùug ud¾.djia:djg m%:ufhka tA wx.hka iïmQ¾K
úh hq;= fkdfõo@
—wc®dk,dNS iqoO úmiikdhdksfld iqCLúmiifld' fid
ys ®dk isfkfyk úmiikdh wisksoO Ndjf;d iqCLd ÆLd
úmiikd tliid;s iqCL úmiifldZ;s jqpp;s˜
hk fï ldrKh .ek Oïum,dpd¾hhka jykafia f.a meyeÈ,s
ms<s;=frls' fï ms<sn| úia;rh u;= olajkakg n,dfmdfrd;a;=jk
fyhska fu mufKlska kj;ajuq'
 30
w¾:l:d.; Ndjkd l%uh
w¾:l:dfjys wd ish¨ Ndjkd l%uhka nqoO a f>daIdpd¾hhka
jykafia úiska úY+oaê ud¾.fhys we;=<;a l< nj w;a:id,sksfha
lshhs' tfy;a tys we;=<;a lsÍug bv fkd ,o iq¿ iq¿ l%uhka
úkh wgqjd" úcï wgqjdÈfhys fmkajk ,o nj fmfka' w¾:l:d.;
Ndjkd l%uh hhs mejeiqfka fï fldgia i|ydh'
wgqjdjkays u;fNaohka my< jQfha tA tA NdKl mrïmrd
u;fNaohka wkqjh' tA ljr u; fNaohla jqj;a nqoO
a u;fhys we;=<;a
fkd fjf;d;a" tA bj; ±ñh hq;=h' Ndjkd m%;sm;a;sh ms<sn|j o
ie,lsh hq;af;a o fï ál h'
Ndjkd ld, kshuh
Ndjkdjg ys| .; hq;= fõ,dj yd tys .; l< hq;= fõ,dj yd
Èklg tys fhÈh hq;= jdr .Kk úY=oaê ud¾.fha meyeÈ<sj
oelajqfka ke;' nqoaOf>daIdpdÍka jykafia tys ;SrKh mqoa.,hd
wkqj lsÍug l¾uia:dkdpdÍkayg bv ;nkakg we;' thska msg;a
wgqjdjka ys fï ms<sn| úfYaI f;dr;=re olajd we;'
miqn;a ld,fha Nla; iïuohg b;d iq¿ l,la bv § NDjkdj
mgka .; hq;= fia fndfyda ;eka i|yka fjhs' mgka .;a Ndjkdjg
hg;a msßfihska ;=ka mehla ys¢h hq;= nj o ojilg ;=kja rla tfia
ys| .; hq;= nj o i|yka fjhs' tfiau oaj;a;is xidldrfha m[apl
Plalhkg ld,h fnod § we;af;ah' mqreoao wkqj l%ufhka ys|
f.k f.jk ld,h Èlalr .ekSu fhda.djprhdf.a ;;a;j a h wkqj
isÿúh hq;af;ah'
wdikh(-
wdkdmdki;s Ndjkdj m%ldY lrk ;ekaj, uq, § —m,,Xlx
wdN=ðFjd Wcqx ldhx mKsOdh mßuqLx i;sx WmgGfmFjd˜ hs i|yka
fjhs' fuhska wdkdmdki;s Ndjkdjg W!renoaOdikh yd lh
fl<ska ;nd .ekSu wdjYHlh' kshu wkaoñka wdik l%uh ilia
jqjfyd;a" Ñ;a;tald.%;dj myiqfjka ,efí' Ñ;a;tald.%;dj Ndjkd
31
iuDêhhs' fufia W!renoaOdikfhka fyda moaudik" isoO a dik wd§
l%ufhka ys£ug fkd yelaflda o we;auehs' Tjqka úiska o hïlsis
myiq l%ufhlska Ndjkdfõ fh§ug is;g .; hq;h = tA lshk ys£ï
wmyiq jqj;a Ndjkdj w;miq lsßu kqjKg yqre fkdfõ'
mqreÿ Ndjkdj lrf.k hdu i;r bßhõfõ u jro ke;'
tfy;a ihkh ÒkñoaOhg Wmldr jk fyhska th wvqlr .;
hq;=h' ilauka Ndjkdfõ § úfYaIfhka i,ld .; hq;= jkqfha
úo¾Ykd Ndjkdfõ fhfokakjqka úisks' úo¾Ykdfõ fhfok
fhda.djprhd úiska ilaufka § fufkys l< hq;f a ;a ilauk i|yd
fhdok ldhsl udkisl l%hs d iy is;ú
= ,sh' tl, tA wkqj úo¾Ykdj
ÈhqKjq g m;afjhs'
Ndjkdfõ úfYaI pdß;%
ilauka Ndjkdfõ kshu l%ufhka fndfyda fõ,djla .; fldg
wdik Ndjkdj mgka .;a úg myiqfjka isf;a ;ekam;a lu
,efnkafkah' tfyhska wdik Ndjkdfõ § is; tl`. fkdfõ kï
ilaukg neiai hq;h= ' tfiau Èjd ld,fha wdik Ndjkdj mgka
.kakg m%:ufhka w;a md fidaod f.k isy,
s a lr f.k thg neiSu
o blau‚ka is; tlÕ lr .ekSug Wmldr fjhs'
;j o" ilauk iy wdikh hk fïjd msßisÿj ;nd .ekSug
Wkkaÿ úh hq;h= ' wmßY=oO
a ndysr jia;k
+ a ksid wOHd;añl jia;j
= ,
n,h o fkd ±kSu msßyS hkafkah' fï fya;= fldg f.k Ndjkdfõ
bÈßhg hdu o kj;skafkah' Yla;h s weo jefgkafkah' ;udf.a
wksla mßialdr .ek o lsjhq;fa ;a fï áluh'
úfõl iïm;a;h
s
Ndjkdjg úfõlh jákd iïm;ls' b;du;a m%fhdackfõ'
Ñ;a;tal.a.;djg th wdydrfhls' tA úfõlh ie,efikafka ;ud
wjg we;s mßirh fyd| w;g yrjd .ekSfuks' NdjkdkqrEm
fiakdikh .ek úia;r NdjfkdamfoaY .%ka:hkays i|yka fjhs'
 32
fkd .e<fmk iD;= .=Kh yd mqoa.,hka ms<sn| i,ld ne,Su
úfYaIfhka l< hq;h = ' tAjd krla ùu Ndjkdjg nrm;, ndOdjls'
mqo.
a ,hka ms<n
s |j;a .eàu;a we,Su;a fol u wys;lrh' Ndjkdjg
msg;ska we;s mqoa., jia;+ka .ek ks;r ks;r is; fhdojkakg
hdfï § ú;¾l m%jdyh .,dhdfuka flf,ia jefvkakg mgka
.kshs' thska Ndjkdj msßfyhs' tfyhska fkd we,Su isf;a ;Èka
ÈhqKq lr .; hq;=h'
—iqLd úrd.s;d f,dfl˜ úrd.s;dj Wiia iem;ls' fld;rï
iem we;;a fuh kef;d;a t;ek kshu iemh ke;' flf,iqkf a .ka
wE;aùu fyda iïmQ¾Kfhka flf,ia n, mEfuka wE;aùu Ndjkdfõ
mrud¾:hhs'
úfõlh fidhkakg is;a fhdok fhdajprhd yg we;eï úg
fkdfhla wúfõl;djka jefvkakg o bv ;sfí' we;eï úg tfia
úfõlh fiùu o flf,ia n, jefvk u.la o fjkjd we;'
we;eï úg tA fidh fidhd hdu wúfõlhla úh yelsh' fufia
fyhska isf;a my< jk /já<s .;sh o f;areï .; hq;=h'
Wmldrl O¾u álla
Ndjkdj wOHd;añl .=K ÈhqKqfjls' tys m%Odk;ajh Ñ;a;
Ñ;a;dx.hka iïnkaO fldgf.kh mj;skafka' Ñ;a;fha;a
Ñ;a;dx.j,;a ÈhqKj q kï Ndjkdfõ m%;M s , iuQyhls' tys ;ekam;aj
we;s w;S; ld,Sk ÿ¾j,;djka u. yrjd .ekSu o fyd| ys;la
ÈhqKqjg fok Wiia Wmldr O¾ufhls'
thska tlla kï fmr fyda fï Njfhys isÿ jQ wd¾fhdamjdo
wl=i, hhs' fuhska ksoyia ùug lhska fyda niska fyda ukiska fyda
±k fyda fkd ±k fyda isÿ jQ ;udf.a ish¨ jro .ek ;=kr q ejka yd
wdpd¾hjreka o bÈßfha § ludj weheÈh hq;h = ' Ndjkdjg uq,k s a
fuh úfYaIfhka l< hq;h = ' thska Ñ;a; n,h ÈhqKq lr .; hq;h = '
tfia u ;ud ;=< my< jQ udk wyxldrdÈh o bÈßm;a fldg iudj
weheo isáh hq;h
= ' thska Ñ;a; n,h j¾Okhg m;alr .; hq;h = '
33
B<Õg isf;a ÿn,lu u.yrjd .ekSug iudk yeÕSï j¾Okh
lr .ekSug o" ;ukaf.a mska wkqka yg Èh hq;=h' nqoaO m%f;Hl
nqoaOd§ W;a;uhkaf.a mska ;ud úiska wkqfudaoka úh hq;=h'
tA wkqfudaoka ùfï § Wkajykafia,df.a mdró mskalï isyslrñka
u;=fldg .ksñka wkqfudaoka úh hq;=h' tfia wkqfudaoka ùfï §
fï .d:dj f;areï iys;j is;g jÈk fia Yío k.d lSu o
m%fhdackh'
mq[[[phx inn ;:d.;dkx"
wf[[p ifundêmrdhkdkx"
mfpplnqoOiip idjldkx"
innx .=rEkx wkqfudfohsfiid hkqhs'
—ish¨ nqÿjrhkaf.a hï mska /fila fjhs o" fndaêi;ajhkaf.a
hï mska /fila fjhs o" mfia nqÿjrhdkaf.a o" laIK
S dY%jd § wd¾hhka
jykafia,df.a o" wdpd¾hhka jykafia,df.a o" hï mska /fila
fjhs o tA ish,a, wkqfudaoka fjñ' hkq tys woyihs'˜
WmfoaY idrdxYh
Ndjkdj ms<n
s |j w¾: l:dj, tA tA ;ekaj, olajk ,o lreKq
iïmsKv a kh fldg f;areï .kakg ie,eiaiu S o fuys § m%fhdackj;a
fõ hhs i,luq' tfy;a úo¾Ykd Ndjkdj ms<sn| wka;r ndysr
jYfhka ,efnk ish¨ lreKq yd ,efnk ;dla tA tA wjia:djka o
tlla mdid wdÈlïñl fhda.djprhd bÈßfhys ;eîu o t;rï
m%fhdack fkd fjkjd we;' tys § .=K m%;s,dNfhka ÈhqKq jQ
mskj
a ;dg ;ud blaujd Æ ÿIalr;d ud¾.h;a" ,nk ,o Wiia .;s.K = ;a
±k.ekSu kï m%fhdack fjkjd we;'
fuhska mQ¾j lD;Hh imhd,Sug wh;a YS, úY=oê
a h yd úfõl
iuDoaêfhka Ñ;a; úY=oaêh o iïmQ¾K lr.;a fhda.djprhd yg
we;af;a ixialdr mß.%yhg is; fhduq lsÍuh fyj;a ukialdrh
weröuh' fï wdrïNhg wgqjdj, i|yka jkafka wNskf s õih lshdhs'
 34
tA wNsksfõih ;udf.a ika;dkhg wh;a jQ hï hï fldgia
fufkys lsÍï jYfhka wÊ®;a;dNsksfõih lshd o thska
msg;a ndysr fldgia ^ixialdrhka& fufkys lsÍï jYfhka
nysoaOdNsksfõih hs lshd o fohdldr fjhs' jqÜGdk kï jQ ud¾.
my< ùu o fï fohdldrfhka u ,efí' tA wkqj wNsksfõih;a
jqÜGdkh;a ms<sn| úia;rh fufia fldgia fjhs
1' wcCOF;x wNskú
s isFjd wc®F;x jqgGd;s"
2' wcCOF;x wNsksúisFjd nysoOd jqgGd;s"
3' nysoOd wNsksúisFjd nysoOd jqgGd;s"
4' nysoOd wNsksúisFjd wcCX;;x jqgGd;s"
5' rEfm wNskú
s isFjd rEmd jqgGd;s"
6' rEfm wNskú
s isFjd wrEmd jqgGd;s"
7' wrEfm wNskú
s isFjd wrEmd jqgGd;s"
8' wrEfm wNskú
s isFjd rEmd jqgGd;s"
9' tlmmydfrfkj m[CLfJOys jqgGd;s"s hkdÈ l%ufhka tA
olajk ,oafoah'
fuys wc®F; - nysoOd - rEmd rEm - m[pCLJO - ,CLKF;h
hk fudjqka wkqj fldgia lsÍu isÿ úh' NdjkdrïuKhg wOHd;au
m¾hdmkak ixialdrhka bÈßm;a lr .ekau;a tys kdu rEm
mßÉfþoh lsÍu;a wÊ®;a;dNskf s õih fjhs' thska miq uu;ajhka
.;a jia;j
= , meje;s úm,a,di o ke;súh hq;= fyhska tys § úo¾Ykdj
flfrhs' th ÈhqKq ùfuka wkqmdÈkakl ixialdrh o wruqKq fldg
úo¾Ykdj flfrhs' thg miq th wruqKq fldg meje;s fõokdj
iïu¾Khg f.dÿre fjhs' th fufkys lrhs' i[a[d" ixLdr"
ú[a[dK wruqKq fjhs' th fufkys lrhs' fufia fhd.djprhd
rEmh;a wrEmh;a fol u ,efnk ,efnk yeáhg fufkys lrhs'
kdu rEm jHjia:dkdÈh iïmQ¾K ùfuka wOHd;au .; O¾uhka
35
fufkys lsÍfï § ud¾.,dNh fjhs' th wÊ®;a; jqÜGdk kï fõ'
fiiq fldgia o fï wdldrhg isÿjk ieá ie,lsh yels fjhs'
9 jk fldgfiys m[apialkaOfhka tl meyer ke.S isàu
kï Ydia;DDka jykafiaf.a iïuqLfha § Wkajykafiaf.a iduqll a xisl
O¾u foaYkdjg is;a fufyhjk kqjKska wêl jQ WmksY%hdêl
mqoa.,hkg ,efnk ms<sfj<hs' tys § jqÜGdk .dñkS úo¾Ykdj
ish¨ O¾uhka wks;HdÈ jYfhka tl;ajfhka iudk fldg
.ekSfuka ud¾. Ñ;a;hg iïnkaOlr ,Sfuka iïmQ¾Kfjhs'
fï úo¾Ykd Ndjkdj ms<n s | wdrïNh;a" mQ¾jdjidkh;a jYfhka
±la jQ wNskfs õi" WÜGdk fol w;r ld,h o we;eï mqo. a ,hka yg
b;du;a fláh" we;euqka yg uOHuh" ;j;a fldgilg fndfyda
È.h" tA ta mqo.
a ,hkaf.a WmksYh% Yla;fs ha yeáhgh' tfy;a idudkH
l:dj wkqj úo¾Ykd YÍrfha kej;=ï fmd<j,a fufia ±laúh yelsh'
1' uydN+; i;r mß.%yKh lsÍu
2' WmdodrEm mß.%yKh lßu
3' ndysr rEmhka mß.%yKh lsÍu
4' wrEm O¾u mß.%yKh lsÍu
5' rEmdrEm O¾uhka mß.%yKh lsÍu
6' kdu rEm O¾uhka ,ËKd§ka jHjia:dk lsÍu
7' kdu rEmhkays úo¾Ykdj bÈßhg fkd f.dia keje;Sià s u
8' kduhkaf.a m%;Hhka ie,lSu
9' m%;Hh mß.%yfha § úo¾Ykd mßjdih
10' wks;HdÈ ,laIK m%;f s õO{dkdjia:dj
11' ,ËK m%;sfúõOfha § úo¾Ykd mßjdih
12' ;shqKq msßisÿ úo¾Ykd{dk iufha § ksldka;sh my< ùu
13' ksldka;sfhka ue~qkq wjia:dj
14 úo¾Ykd ksldka;sh f.ù hdfï wjia:dj
15' úo¾Ykd ksldka;sh f.ùfuka úo¾Ykd mßjdi jdih
16' u.a. jqÜGdkh
 36
fufia uOHu jYfhka wjia:d mif<dilska miqjh jqÜGdk
kï jQ wka;su wjia:dj ie,fikqfha' fï wjia:djka ys ,efnk
Ñ;a; ;;a;ajhka o fndfyda ÿrg WmfoaY l:djkays úia;r úh
hq;=h' ta l¾uia:dkdpd¾hjrhdg oek .ekSu i|ydh' wdÈlïñl
fhda.djprhd yg th ±k.kakg ie,eiaùu wys;lr fyhska fïjd
WmfoaY .%ka:j,ska wyla ù f.dia ;sfí' —ldrlfiijys l:d
úfiif;d wêfmm;F: idêkS˜ hs tys fhÿkq mqo.a ,hdf.a u l:dj
wNsfma%;d¾:h isÿ lrk iq¿ hhs fï ksidu m%ldYs; nj o;hq;='
Ndjkdjg iqÿiqùu
Ndjkdjla is;g ´kE nj Tng jegyS ;sìh hq;=' wdOHd;au
úIfhys t;rïj;a wjÈhla ke;akï" Tn NjH mqoa.,hl= f,ig
.Kka .; fkd yelsh' f,dje msg;ska fmfkk fmkqu ;nd" we;=<;
.;s.=K wkqj fkdfhla wf;a fn§ hk i;a;= we;' wkqkaf.ka
,efnk myrg myr foñka ìysiqKq úm;a l=Kdgqjlg ;u Ôú;
kej ì,s fldg fokakd jQ" m;a, fkd oefkk ÿla iuqøfha
.sf,kafkda o wm wm w;r we;a;dy' wkqkf
a .a myßka ysi ku kud
weÕ iu yl=< yl=<d fkd leue;s fõokdfjka yelsf<ñka tys u
.ef,k ñksia .;s ke;s i;a;= o fj;s' myr iajdNdúl fia i,id
ysi Tijd" thska j<lsk Wmdh fidhd n,j;=ka weiqre lrk"
ksoyig m%sh ck;djla o w;ßka m;r wmg olakg ,efí'
ÿlg fya;j
= la ;sfí' iemg o fya;j
= la ;sfí' fï fya;= fidhd
.ekSu fkd l< yels fkd fõ' fï ÿla neñj,ska ksoyia ùfï
ud¾.h ud i;=h' ud úiska ú¾hh l< hq;=h' kqjK o fhÈh hq;=h'
i;a;ja hdf.a is;g iïnkaOj ,efnk jeä wvqlï fjkialï
kslï u isÿ jkafka ke;s nj yefÕhs' th fidhd .ekSu ug Ndrh
ud úiska tA i|yd l%hs drïN l< hq;h
= ' —Ñ;a; mdßY=oê
a h fï fY%IG
a wms,dmkd;s" iudê wjgG;S ;s' m[Ø mßfhd.dyJ;s˜
ls%hdjg i¾jm%ldrfhka Wmldr fjhs˜ hkqfjka i,lk mqoa.,hd
NjHfhls' fuhska Tyqg ixjrh ´kE fjhs' th ÈhqKq lr .; yels
37
fjhs' lhska je/È fkd flfrhs' niska je/È fkd flfrhs' fï
wkqj is; ;ekam;a lr .ksh's ;ekam;a is;g fyd| fkd fyd|" u.
fkd u." ms<sfj; fkd ms<sfj;" we;a; ke;a; jegySfï Yla;sh
,efí' tA Yla;sh weiqre fldg .=K oyï ys iaÒrùug bgd .kshs'
jerÈ j,ska fjka ùfuka ,efnk .=Kh tA fjka ùfï woyi
;sfnk ;=re mj;sh' keje;;a tA .=Kh ue~f.k w.=Khg meñKSug
bv ;sfí' fï ksid .=Kh iaÓrj ;nd .ekSug ud úiska u.la
fidhd .; hq;= hhs ks;ru l,amkd fjhs' ú;¾lh f.fkk ;dla
wruqKj q , nei .ekSug" nei f.k wNskkaok wdYajdok jYfhka
th meje;aug ;Kaydj ;Èka wfmlaId lrhs' thg bv§fuka
u;=jkafka úm;a;s .x.dfjls' Wjÿre iq<s iq<fÕls' mrla f;rla
ke;s uy w÷rl mqoa.,hd fy<hs' úIulñka" úhrelñka" i;=ka
wka; ÿla uÕl fy<k fï ;Kaydj ud úiska o; hq;=h' tys we;s
rjgk .;sh f;areï .; hq;=h' weo.kakd .;sh jgyd .; hq;=h'
thska ksoyiaùug is; fhdok ug Bg jvd ìysiqKq wkaoñka ne|
jidf.k isákd ÈÜÀh bÈßm;a jkakg mq¿jk' —fï ixidrh krl
wkaoñka fm<kafka fï ÈÜÀfha n,mEu ksidh' wruqKg fõ.fhka
niakd fï ÈÜÀh fkdfhla w;ska o¿,k úYd, ,;djlg iudkh'
fuh ud úiska f;areï .; hq;h= ' fï folg u uq,j
a mj;akd we;a;
jidf.k weig jegqKq mg,hla n÷ wúÊcdj ;sfí' fuh ud úiska
o; hq;=h' yeu fohla u hglr f.k hk ´> kdufhka l:d
lrk fï flf,ia nkaOk ke;s lsÍfï msysfgla ug keoao@˜
hkqfjka Tyqg úuiqï kqjK my< fjhs'
—l=i, mCLiñxys pF;dfrd Ouud wdruuKx T.dyJ;s' ioOd
i;s iudê m[Ø ;s' f;fkj ioOd Tlmmkd;s jqF;d" i;s
fïjd Tng msygs jk O¾u ika;dkhhs' Tn ÿn,lï .,jd,k
wdhqOhhs' Tn we;=<; ÈhqKq jkakg hk Yla;sh jid isák uq<d
 38
mg,hg rid[ackhhs' úm;a je< je<lSug mß;%dKhhs' kshu u.
wer,k l,K ñ;=re uq¿jhs' fkd ±kqï w÷rg fok t<shhs' flf,ia
l=Kq fidaok iakdk j;=rhs' mdm úI jk.yKh úh,jk l,amdka;
iQ¾h uKav,fhls' fï ;rï fï ms<n s | .=K j¾Kkd flf<a fï
O¾uhka Tn is;a ;=<g ;Èka je§u i|ydh' fïjdg ù¾h .=Kh;a
tl;= fldg f.k fï O¾u mfia jákdlu;a" tAjd tlla mdid ke;s
úg ie,fik mdvqj;a kqjKska i,ld ne,sh hq;h = '
Tn wjg foig úuiqï fy,kak' Tn ;;a;j a h fndre fjka
Wiia fldg fmkajd" Tn ;=< mqyq udkhla jmqrd me, fldg" .=Khg
.=Kj;dg fkd kefuk ;ekg Tng wjjdo wkqYdikd fokafkda
we;' fuhska Tfí is;g je<f|k frda.h iqjlr .ekSug myiq
ke;' fyd|la" fyd| ms<f s j;la ;sfnk nj i,lk kuq;a thg
ldf.aj;a Wmldrhla .ekSug fkd is;k ;ekg Tn is; o<o~q
fjhs' nqÿka' ry;=k"a wdpd¾hhka" l<K ñ;=rka f.ka msyg s la we;s
fia fkd i,lhs' fï ioaOd .=K úkdYfhka isÿ fjk uQ,l s úm;hs'
ie±ye ke;s kï Ndjkdjl uq, w,ajd .ekSug fkd ms<j s k'
tfyhska nqoOa d§ W;=uka flfrys ±ä Nla;h s j¾Okh lr .ekSfuka
ie±ye ÈhqKq lr .; hq;= hs' .=K O¾u mËh w,a,d .ekSug yels
jkafka fï Y%oO a dfõ n,fhks' Y%oOa d ySk;ajfhka úh¨Kq is;
l¾ulaIu fkdfõ' uqvq ìula jeksfõ' NdjkdrïuKhg ;Èka we;=¿
jk fï ie±ye Tn ;=< fyd¢ka ÈhqKl q r .ekSug is;g .; hq;h = '
ioaOdfõ ;sfnk jákdlu okakd fhda.djprhd m<uq fjka
Ôú; mß;Hd. flfrhs'
tA fufia hs(-
1' uu udf.a nqÿrcdKka jykafiag Ôú;h mQcd lrñ'
2' uu udf.a O¾u r;akhg Ôú;h mQcd lrñ'
3' uu udf.a ix> r;akhg Ôú;h mQcd lrñ
4' uu udf.a wdpd¾hhka jykafiag Ôú;h mQcd lrñ'
hkqfjks'
39
fufia ls Í fuka Nla ; s h jeã úYa j dih ;yjq r e ù
h:dêfm%a;d¾:h iïmQ¾K lr.; yels jkafkah' wdpd¾hhka
jykafia flfrys fyda luia:dkh flfrys fyda ielh my< fkd
lr .; hq;h= ' Ñ;a; Ndjkdjl fhfokakdg my< jk iel jydu
ixis÷jd .; hq;h= ' ke;akï ielh úiska tA mqo.
a ,hd mqÿu wkaofï
uy;a úm;a /ilg weo oukq ,nkjd we;'
1' budyx wF;Njx nqoOii N.jf;d mßppcdñ
2' budyx wF;Njx Ouuii N.jf;d mßppcdñ
3' budyx wF;Njx ix>ii N.jf;d mßppcdñ
4' budyx wF;Njx wdpßhii mßppcdñ
—woOd budh mámodh cd;s crd urKuyd mßuqpÑiidñ bux
fu mq[[x wdijCLhd jyx fyd;= hkq tA woyi md<sfhka u lshk
jdlHhhs'
fï ioaOdfõ w.h Tng jegySug fyd¢ka Ndjkdfõ fhÈh
hq;= h' we;eï úg th fndfyda ÿrg jeä jeã f.dia Wiq,kafka
ke;s ;rug o jeä jkakg bv ;sfí' lreKq ie,lSfï kqjK tys
§ fhdod .; hq;h
= ' O¾u ;;a;j
a h jidf.k isákd wúÊcdj" ÈÜÀh
hk fï flf,ia n, lmd ±óug m%{dj wjYHh' kqmr q eÿ u.l hk
Tng bÈßhg tk ndOl u. yrjd .ekSfï Yla;h s ;a ks¾Nh .;sh;a
wf;a wdhqOhla ;sfnf;d;a bfí ie,fihs' m%×j ;sîfuka o
fhda.djprhdg ie,fikafka fï iekis,, a hs'
l< foa;a lrkakg ;sfnk foa;a .ek ;ekg iqÿiq isyhs t<U
mj;skafka ke;akï" Tyqg hï ljr ;rfï iemla j;a ;yjqre
lr.; fkdfyhs' Bg jvd fhda.djprhd yg yeu ;ek u i;sfhka
yd kqjKska hq;a is;a fm<la fhdokakg mq¿jka úh hq;=h' ;ud
bÈßhg m;a jerÈ foa whska lsÍug o" fyd| foa w;am;alr .ekSug
o fuh w;sYhska Wmldr fjhs' i;sh iudêfhka ;ekam;a njg
yrjd .; hq;=h' ù¾hfhka fhduq fldg .;a is;=ú,s fm< Wkkaÿ
 40 41

lr.; hq;h= ' fufia fï Wmldrl O¾u mrïmrdj fyd¢ka mj;ajd

.ekSu ksid is;a fmf<a nef|k u, .;sh fia§ f.ù hkafkah'
tA fjkqjg my< jkafka msßisÿ Ñ;a; mrïmrdjls' Ndjkd l%u fol
wruqKg nei .kakd" w,a,d .kakd iajNdjh ksid tmd fkd iu: Ndjkdj
fjhs' ´kElu jefvhs' i;sh ksid u.yeÍ hd fkd§ bÈßm;a ùu isÿ
fjhs' iudêh ksid th úisÍ hd fkd § ;ekam;a lu isÿfjhs' m%{dj iu: Ndjkdj" úo¾Ykd Ndjkdj hhs Ndjkdj fohdldrfhlska
ksid we;=¿ ùug iqÿiqlu ie,fihs' fï .=K n,h Tfí is;g joaod ,efí' wfma m%ia;=;h úo¾Ykd Ndjkdj jqj;a iu: Ndjkdfõ
.ekSug Tn Wkkaÿ fkd jkafka uka± hs ±ka Tng u m%Yk a lrkakg ye¢kaùula lsÍu m%ia:dfjdaÑ; fyhska tA ms<sn|j o ixfËamfhka
isÿ fjkjd we;' igykla fuys olajñ'
Ndjkd l%uh(- lduÉPkao wd§ ksjrKhka ixis|jk Ndjkdj iu: Ndjkdjhs'
Ndjkd l%uh ±ka Tn bÈßhg meñfKhs' th fï ;dla —mppksl Ofuu ifu;S;s iuf:d˜ hkq —m%;smlaI O¾uhka ixis|
m%ldYhg m;a lreKq wkqj id¾:l jev ms<fs j<la nj Tng uekúka jkafka iu:h˜hs hkq jpkd¾:h hs' tys m%;M
s , iudê iïm;a;h s hs'
jegyS f.dia we;' ±ka tys fhfokakg is;kak' fuys i|yka lreKq fï iudê ,dNh ms<n s | Ndjkd l%u rdYshla úY=oê
a ud¾.fha olajd
,nkafka tA ms<sn| ixfËam l:dfjls' ;sfí' .Kkska iu i;<sfils'
lugyka i;<sh ms<sn| iïmQ¾KdjfndaOhla ,eîug kï(-
1' .Kkska ±lajQjka fn§fuka
2' Wmpdr w¾mKdfNao fyhska
3' OHdk m%fNao fyhska
4' iu;slu
% K l%ufhka
5' j¾Okdj¾Ok fyhska
6' wdrïuK fNaofhka
7' N+ñ fyhska
8' .%yKfhka
9' m%;Hh fyhska
10' pß;dkql+, fyhska h'
hk fï oY m%ldr úksYaph o; hq;= h'
 42
1' ixLHd o¾Ykh(-
^.Kkska oelajQjka fn§fuka& ^w& lisK oih" ^wd& wiqN
oih" ^b& wkqiai;s oih" ^B& n%yau úydr i;r" ^W& wdremam i;r"
^W!& tla i[a[dj ^t& tla jjia:dkh hkqfjka fldgia if;ls'
lisK oih kï(-
^w& mGú lisKh" ^wd& wdfmda lisKh" ^b& f;afcda lisKh" ^B&
jdfhda lisKh" ^W& kS, lisKh" ^W!& mS; lisKh" ^t& f,days;
lisKh" ^tA& ´od; lisKh" ^T& wdf,dal lisKh" ^´& mßÉýkakdldi
lisKh hk fudyq h'
wiqN oih kï(-
^w& WoaOu
q d;lh" ^wd& úkS,lh" ^b& úmqínlh" ^B& úÉýoaolh"
^W& úlaLdhs;lh" ^W!& úlaÅ;a;lh" ^t& y; úlaÅ;a;lh"
^tA& f,days;lh" ^T& mq<jlh" ^´& wÜÀlh hk fudyq hs'
wkqiai;s oih kï(-
^w& nqoaOdkqii;s" ^wd& Oïudkqiai;s" ^b& ix>dkqiai;s"
^B& iS,dkqii
a ;s" ^W& pd.dkqii
a ;s" ^W!& foaj;dkqii
a ;s" ^t& urKi;s"
^ta& ldh.;di;s" ^T& wdkdmdki;s" ^´& Wmiudkqii;s" hk fudyqh's
n%yau úydr i;r kï(-
^w& fuF;d" ^wd& lreKd" ^b& uqÈ;d" ^B& WfmCLd hk fudjqyh
q 's
wremam i;r kï(-
^w& wdldidk[pdh;kh" ^wd& ú[[dK[pdh;kh"
^b& wdls[p[[dh;kh" ^B& fkji[[d kdi[[dh;kh
hk fudjqyqh' tl i[a[dj kï wdydrfha málal+, i[a[djhs'
tl jj;a:dkh kï p;= Od;= jj;a:dkhs'
2' Wmpdr w¾mKd fNaofhka úksYaph fufiahs(-
ldh.;d i;sh;a wdkdmdk i;sh;a yer fiiq wkqii
a ;s wg o"
wdydrfha málal+, i[[dj o" p;=Od;= jHjia:dj o hk fï
43
lugyka oih Wmpdrh muKla f.k fokafkah' thska b;=re
lguyka ;si w¾mKdj o f.k fokafka h'
3' OHdk m%fNaofhka úksYp
a h
w¾mKdj ,efnk lugyka w;frys wdkdmdk i;s lugyk
lisK lugyka oih hk fï tfld<iska OHdk ish,a, ,efnhs'
ldh.;d i;sfhka yd wiqN oifhka o m%:u OHdkh ,efnhs' fu;a;d"
lreKd" uqÈ;d hk lugyka ;=fkka m%:ud§ OHdk ;=k ,efnhs'
WfmlaLd lugyfkka yd wdremam i;ßka o" i;r jk OHdkh
,efnkafkah'
4' iu;slu % K l%ufhka úksYp
a h(-
fuys wx. iu;s l % u Kh" wd,ïnk iu;s l % u Kh hhs
iu;slu % K foflls' tys OHdk ;=kla ,efnkakd jQ o" OHdk i;rla
,efnkakd jQ o lugykaj, § ú;¾l úpdr wd§ wx.hka
úlaLïNKfhka blau f.k fojk ;=kajk wd§ OHdkhka ,eìh
hq;= jk fyhska tys ,efnkafka wx. iu;sl%uKh hs' i;r jk
n%yauúydrh o fu;a;d wd§ wdrïuKfha fidïki blauf.k
meñ‚h hq;= jk fyhska wx. iu;sl%uKh hs fjkafka' wdremam
i;frys wd,ïnK iu;sl%uKh hs ,nkafka' uq,ska i|yka l<
lisK kjfhka tlla blau f.k wdldidk[apdh;khg meñKSu
fjhs' wdldidk[apdh;kdÈh blau f.k ú[a[dK[apdh;kdÈhg
meñKSu fjhs' fiiq lugykaj, iu;sl%uKh ke;'
5' j¾Okdj¾Okfhka úksYp a h(-
fï i;<sia lugyka w;=frys lisK oih jeäh hq;=h' hï
muK fmfoil lisKdf,dalh me;sfrhs o tA we;=<; Èínfida;
Od;=fjka Yío weiSug o" ÈínplaLqfjka rEm ±lSug o" mr
i;a;j a hkaf.a is;n
a e,Sug o iu¾: fjhs' ldh.;d i;sh o" wiqN o
fkd jeäh hq;=h' tA tA fldgig wh;a wjldY m%foaYfhka
mßÉýkakj iSudiys; j mj;akd fyhska o" jeãfuka l=Km rdYshl
jeãu jk fyhska o" wdksixi we;s fkd jk fyhska o fkd jeäh
hq;h
= ' fï ldh.;d i;sh;a" wiqNh;a fkd jeäh hq;= fia u fiiai
 44
o fkd jeäh hq;=h' tys wdkdmdk ksñ;a; jeãfuka jkafka jd;
rdYshl jeãuh' th o wjldYfhka mßÉýkak fyhska o" wd§kj
iys; fyhska o fkd jeäh hq;=h' n%yauúydr lugyfka mj;afka
i;a;ja drïuK jYfhks' tfyhska th jeãfuka jefvkafka i;a;j a fod<i yd wdkdmdk i;sh o hk f;<i ke;' wrEm Njfhys
rdYsfhls' ffu;%S Ndjkdfõ§ fu;a me;srùu fu;a jeãu fkdfõ'
wjia:d rdYsfhls' ffu;%hs ms<n
s | mß.%yh jeälsÍuh' fuys jeãug
m%;sNd. ksñ;a;l=;a ke;' wdremamdrïuKhkays o wdldYh lsiqkq
b.=¿ ke;s fyhska jeãfula ke;' ú[a[dKh iajNdj O¾uhla
fyhska fkd jeäh hq;h= ' ú[a[dK Ndjh ú[a[dKdm.uh fyhska
fkd jeäh hq;h= ' fkji[a[d kdi[a[dh;kdrïuKh o iajNdj
O¾uhla fyhska fkd jeäh hq;=h' nqoaOdkqiai;s wdÈhg o máNd.
ksñ;a;la ke;s fyhska fkd jeäh hq;=h'
6' wdrïuK fNaofhka úksYaph fufia hs(-
fuys olajk ,o lugyka i;<sfika lisK oih" wiqN oih"
wdkdmdk i;sh" ldh.;d i;sh hk lugyka foúiafia wruqKq
m%;sNd. ksñ;a; iys;h' fiiq wgf<dia wruqKq m%;sNd. ksñ;a;
kef;af;ah' tfia u wkqiai;s oifha wdkdmdk i;sh;a ldh.;d
i;sh;a yer fiiq wkqiai;s wg o" wdydr málal=< m[a[dj o"
p;=Od;= jj;a:dkh o" ú[a[dKd[apdh;kh o" fkji[a[d
kdi[a[dh;kh o hk fï lugyka fod<ig we;af;a iajNdj
O¾ud,ïnkhhs' oi lisKfhda o" oi wiqNfhda o" wdkdmdk i;sh o"
ldh.;d i;sh o hk fï foúiaig m%;sNd. ksñ;a; jQ wruqK
we;af;ah' fiiq n%yau úydr i; g yd wdldidk[apdh;k
wdls[ap[a[dh;k fol we;=¿ ihg we;af;a m%{ma;sh wruqKhs'
tfia u úmqínl" f,dys;l" mq<jl" wdkdmdk i;s" wdfmda
lisK" f;fcda lisK yd wdf,dal lisK j, iQ¾hd§kaf.a
uKav,drïuKh o" p,s;drïuKh o fõ' tfy;a th p,s;dldrfhka
jegfykafka Ndjkdfõ mQ¾jNd.fha h' tys m%;N
s d. ;;a;j
a hg meñKs
miq ksYap, fõ' fiiq wruqKq wp,s;h'
45
7' N+ñfNofhka úksYaph fufiah(-
fuys oi wiqNfhda o" ldh.;di;sh o" wdydrmálal,
+ i[a[dj
o hk fï fod<i ldudjpr foúhka w;r ke;' n%yu a f,dalfha tA
wdremam i;r yer ish,a, ke;' ñksiqka w;r kï ish,a, mj;shs'
8' .%yKfhka úksYaph fufiah(-
NdjkdrïuKh is;g .ekSu .%yKhhs' th ÈÜG jYfhka o"
MqÜG jYfhka o iq; jYfhkaZ±hs ;=ka mßÈ fjhs' tys jdfhda lisKh
yer fiiq kj lisK o" wiqN oih o hk tl=ka úiai ÈÜG jYfhka
.; hq;= fõ' Ndjkd mQ¾j Nd.fha § tA tA jia;k
+ f
a .a ksñ;a;drïuKh
weiska .;hq;= jk fyhsks' ldh.;d i;sfha ;pm[aplh ÈÜG
jYfhka .; hq;=h' fiiai iq; jYfhka .; hq;=h' fufia
ldh..;di;s wruqK ÈÜG jYfhka o" iq; jYfhka o .; hq;=h'
wdkdmdk i;sh MqÜG jYfhka .; hq;=h' jdfhda lisKh ÈÜG -
MqÜG jYfhka .; hq;= h' fiiq wgf<di iq; jYfhka .; hq;=h'
WfmlaLd n%yau úydrh o" wdremam i;r o hk mi wdÈlïñlhdg
fkd l< yelsh' fiiq 35 l< yels h" iqÿiqh'
9' m%;Hh fyhska úksYaph fufiah(-
fï lugyka w;ßka wdldi lisKh yer fiiq lisK kjh
wdremamhkg m%;Hh fjhs' lisK oih u wNs[[ a djkg m%;Hh fjhs'
uq,a n%yu
a úydr ;=k i;r jk n%yu a úydrhg m%;Hh fõ' hg hg
wdrema m h Wv Wv wdrema m hg m% ; Hh fõ' fkji[a [ d
kdi[a[dh;kh ksfrdO iudm;a;g s m%;Hh fõ' ish,a, u ÈÜGOïu
iqLúydrhg o" úo¾Ykdjg o" Njiïm;a;h s g o m%;Hh fjhs'
10' pß;dkql+, fyhska úksYaph fufia h(-
^w& rd. pß;hdg oi wiqN" ldh.;di;sh hk lugyka
tfld<i wkql+,h'
 46
^wd& fodai pß;hdg n%yauúydr i;r o" i;r j¾K lisK o
hk lugyka wg wkql+,h'
^b& fuday pß;hdg;a ú;lal pß;hdg;a tlu wdkdmdk i;sh
wkql+, fjhs'
^B& ioaOd pß;hdg wkqiai;s ih wkql+, fjhs'
^W& nqoêa pß;hd yg urK i;sh;a Wmiudkqii a ;sh;a p;=Od;=
jj;a:dkh;a wdydr málal, = i[a[dj;a hk i;r wkql, + h'
^W!& fiiq lisK;a wdremam i;r;a ish¨ pß;hkg wkql+,h'
^t& lisK w;frys l=vd lisKh ú;lal pß;hdg o" úYd, lisKh
fuday pß;hdg o wkql, + fjhs' fï ish,a, fl<ska u m%;m
s Ë
Ndjh wkqj o w;sYhska i;am%dh Ndjh wkqj o lshk ,±hs
o; hq;='
fï lugyka i;<si u ;efkl wg;sil jYfhka o jHjydr
lrk ,oafoah' fï lshk ,o lugyka f.k Ndjkdfõ fh§fï
ixlaIsma; jQ mQ¾K WmfoaYh fufiahs'
—jqF;kfhk iS,dks úfidfOFjd mßiqoO isf, m;sgÀf;k
hjdii oiiq m,sfndfOiq m,sfndfOd wFÓ" ;x WmpýJÈFjd
luugGdkodhlx l,HdKñF;x WmixlñFjd wF;fkd
pßhdkql, + x pF;d,Sidh luugGdfkiq w[[;rx luugGdkx
.fyFjd iudê Ndjkdh wkkqrEmx úydrx mydh" wkqrEfm
úydfr úyrfJ;k Lqool m,sfndOqmfpPox lFjd" innx Ndjkd
úOdkx wmßydfmfJ;k Nfj;nnd˜
hkq úY=oê a ud¾.fha i|yka iudê Ndjkdj ms<n s | ixËsm; a
WmfoaY úêhhs'
—msßisÿ is,a ys msysáhd jQ fï fhda.sys úiska ;udf.a oi
m<sfndaOhka flfrys hï m,sfndaOfhla weoao fya mis| lugyka
fokakd jQ l,HdK ñ;%hd lrd t<U ;udf.a pß;hg wkql+, jQ
i;<sia lugykqka flfrka tla;rd lugykla f.k iudê
47
Ndjkdjg fkd iqÿiq wgf<dia fjfyr yer iqÿiq miÕska hq;a fjfyr
jikakyq úiska Èla flia ksh wd§ jQ laIøq m,sfndaOhka mis| ish¨
Ndjkd úêh fkd ms ß fy<ka k yq úis k a Neúh hq ; = ˜ hkq
merl=ïndjkaf.a isxy,dkqjdohhs'
fuu iudê Ndjkdjg iqÿiq jkqfha) msßisÿ woyiska iuDoaO
ùfuks' tA i|yd iqÿiqlï fufia olajk ,oafoah'
—fhj f; iF;d luudjrfKkjd iuJkd.;d" lsf,id-
jrfKkjd iuJkd.;d" úmdldjrfKkjd iuJkd.;d"
wiioOd" wpPJosld" ÿmm[[d" wNnnd kshdux Ouux TClñ;=x
l=if,iq Ofuuiq iuuF;J;s jqF;d f;ix tliidms tl
lisfKms Ndjkd kisc®;s˜
hkq fyhska hï i;a;aj flfkla lïudjrKfhka fyda
iukaú;fhda o" ñ:Hd oDIAá wd§ laf,aYdjrKfhka fyda
iukaú;fhda o" wfya;=l oaúfya;=l wd§ úmdldjrKfhka fyda
iukaú;fhda o" nqoaOd§ka flfrys ieoeye ke;af;da o" wm%;Hksl
m%;sm;a;sfhys PJo ke;af;da o" f,dù f,dõ;=rd iuHlaoDIaá
ke;a;yq o" l=i, O¾ufhys iuHla;;aj hhs lshk ,o wd¾h ud¾.hg
meñfKkakg kqiÿq iafida hhs lshk ,oaoyq o Tjqka flfrka tlla
yg o tla lsiqfklays ÿ Ndjkdj isoaO fkdfõ'
tfyhska iudê Ndjkdjg ierfikakjqka úiska ;udf.a
iqÿiqlï we;sj tys fh§ug is;g .; hq;=h' fiiaijqka úiska
idudkH wdksixi ,nd.ekSu i|yd o" wkd.; WmksYh % iïm;a;h s
ÈhqKq lr .ekSu i|yd o W;aidy .; hq;h
= ' fuh wm%udo m%;m
s ;a;h
s la
jk fyhska fl<s fyda iskd msKsi fuys fkd fhÈh hq;=h' ielh
bÈßfha ;ndf.k fkd fhÈh hq;=h' .re woyiska msßisÿ Wiia
yeÕSfuka fhÈh hq;=h'
 48
úo¾Ykd Ndjkdj
úo¾Ykd Ndjkdj iu: Ndjkdjg jvd Wiia h' th ÿ¾,N
nqoAfOda;amdo ld,fhlays u ,efnk" ÿla.sks ksfjk" flf,ia u,
úh,k wk.s Wmfoia /fils' tys wdksixi mlaIh o w;sYhska
jeo.;ah' th l<hq;= jkafka ksjka wruqKq fldg f.k kshu
.=rEmfoaYhka ys msysgd .ksñks'
i;a;ajhd" mqoa.,hd" i;%sh" mqreIhd hkd§ jYfhka ne,Su
ie,lSu mj;ajkafk iïuq;sh ;yjqre jk wdldrhgh' thska
kqjKla fkd jefâ' i[[dj" wNskJokh" ;Kydj" ÈgÀh hk
úm¾hdi yeÕSï thska jefâ' h:d;;a;j a h wjfndaOhg thska ndOd
meñfKa' h:dN+; [dKhla fkd ,efí' h:dN+; [dKh ke;slñka
ÿl jeäfõ' ;Kayd ÈÜÀ wdÈh keje; kej; jefvhs' nqof a Oda;m
a do
ld,hl u ,efnk fï úo¾Ykdj wks;H" ÿlaL" wkd;au
wjfndaOhg Wmldr fjhs' thska ks¾jdKdjfndaOh ie,efihs'
fï úo¾Ykdj l%ufhka iïnkaOh we;sjk fia jvk {dk
mrïmrdfjls' kqjK /fils' uq,k s a my< lr.;a {dkh thg
m%;m
s Ëj th jid isá flf,ia ika;dkhla my lsÍfuka my<
fjhs' Ñ;a;ika;;sh ;j;a Yla;us ;a fjhs' tfia Yla;us ;a ùug lreKq
folla Wmldr úh' tlla isf;ys l,la uq¿,af,ys ne£ ;=nq flf,ia
u, wylaùuh' wfkl tA msßisÿ ùfuka wruqKg nei.kakd
l=Y,mdËsl O¾u iuQyh n,j;a ùuh' fuys § kslï isáfhd;a tA
;sfnk n,h o my; jefgkakg bv ;sfí' kej; kej; i,a,laLK
Ñ;a;mka;h s meje;aùfï § mQ¾fjdal; a l%ufhka mj;akd úo¾Ykd
mrïmrdj meje;aùfï l%uh úo¾Ykd Ndjkdjhs' th W.ekaùfï §
fok Wmfoia /i nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.ka my< jQfhah' ießhq;a
* mßYsIagh n,kq
49
uq.,ka wd§ uyry;ka jykafia,d úiska wkqlu
% fhka úfkh ck;dj
flfrys fhdojd,Sfuka wmßudK m%;M s , rdYshla f,dalhd bÈßfha
;nk ,oafoah'
fï Wmoia w;frys myiq l%uh kï fhda.djpr Ndjhg
meñfKk mqo. a ,hdg iq;uh [dKh my< jk wkaoug uq, § oyï
foish hq;h
= ' W.ekaúh hq;h
= ' miqj Ndjkdfõ fh§fuka Ndjkduh
[dKh my< lr .ekSug wjia:d i,id §uh'
;j;a WmfoaY l%uhla kï l¾uia:dkdpd¾hjrhd úiska
fhda.djprhd ;udf.a md,khg f.k ukisldr úêfhys fhdojd,Su
hs' tys fhfok Tyqf.a kqjK jefvk ieá yeisÍï" l:dlsÍï" mek
úpdßï" mek úi£ï" kqjK fhdojd,Sï" isysh yeisrùï wdÈfhka
úo¾Ykd jdrh uqÿka meñfKk ;=re /lf.k Ndjkdfõ fhoùuhs'
fï l%u fol u tA tA mqoa.,hka wkqj id¾:l lr .; yelsfjhs'
fufia úo¾Ykd Ndjkdj iu úêhl fh§ fkd miqng
W;aidyfhka f.k hd hq;= jk fyhska tys kshu f;areu my< lr
.ekSug úY+oaêh ud¾. .; fï mdGh i,ld ne,Su fyd|h'
—l:d Ndfj;nnd;s tF:mk hiud budh i[[dh
LJOdh;k Od;= bJøsh ipp máppiuqmmdodÈ fNod Ouud
N+ñ' iS,úiqoê fpjÑF; úiqoê pd;s bud foj úiqoêfhd uQ,x'
ÈgÀúiqoê lXLdú;rK úiqoê" u..d u.. [dKoiik úiqoê"
mámod [dKoiik úiqoê" [dKoiik úiqoë;s bud m[p
úiqoêfhd idÍrx' ;iud f;iq N+ó N+f;iq Ofuuiq W..y
mßmqpPd jfik [dK mßphx lFjd uQ, N+;d foj úiqoêfhd
iumdfoFjd iÍr N+;d m[p úiqêfhd iumdfofJ;k
Ndfj;nnd˜
fï jkdys úo¾Ykd Ndjkdj jeãfï l%uh b.eka jQ úY=oaê
ud¾.fhys tk ixËsma; l:djhs'
 50
—úo¾Ykd m%{dj˜ flfia jeäh hq;=o@ hk fï mekfhys
ms<s;=r kï¦ fï úo¾Ykd m%{djg LJO - wdh;k - Od;= - bJøsh -
ipp - máppiuqmmdo - wdydr wd§ m%fNao we;s O¾uhka iaj,ËK
.%yK idudkH ,ËK .%yKhg m%jD;a;sia:dk jk fyhska N+ñh'
iS, úiqoêh yd ÑF; úiqoêh o hk fol m%{djg msysgjk
fyhska uq,ah' ÈgÀ úiqoê" lXLdú;rK úiqoê" u..du..
[dKoiik úiqoê" mámod[dK oiik úiqoê" [dKoiik úiqoê
hk fï úiqoê mi jeäh hq;= jk fyhska YÍrhhs' tfyhska tA N+ñ
jQ O¾uhka ys W.a.y mßmqÉPd úiska kqjK mqyqKqj we;s fldg
f.k fyj;a ialkaO wd§ O¾uhka ys iq;uh [dKh Wmojdf.k
uq,a jQ úY=oê
a fol imhdf.k iÍr jQ úiqoê
a mi jvñka fï úo¾Ykd
kqjK jeäh hq;=h hkq tA mdGfha woyihs'
^w& N+ñ(- N+ñ kï msysgk ;ek hs' jvkakg n,dfmdfrd;a;=
jk m%{dj msysgk ;ek m<uqfjka ±k.; hq;=h' ye¢k W.;
hq;h
= ' ke;fyd;a l:dj;a m%;I s G
a d rys; fjhs' tys ms<m
s okg hkakyqg
o m%;sIaGdjla ke;sj ysia yeÕSula my< ùug bv ;sfí' tfyhska
m<uq fldg N+ñ ±k.; hq;h = ' ye¢k .; hq;h = ' W.; hq;h= ' jvkakg
n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk kqjK jeãu kï fïÍuh' úlYkhhs' tys tA
úlYkh me;sÍfï l%ufhka isÿúh hq;= h' tA me;sÍu wyfia fkdfõ'
fjk ;ekl fyda fkdfõ' ialkaOd§ka w;frys h" tA me;sÍu isÿúh
hq;af;a' tfyhska rEm ialJOh" fõokd ialJOh" ix{d ialJOh"
ixialdr ialJOh" ú{dk ialJOh hk fï m[ap ialJOhka ms<n s |j
iajNdj ,CIKh W.; hq;f a ;a h' idudkH ,CIKh W.; hq;f a ;ah'
^wd& wdh;k(- pla L dh;k" fid;dh;k" >dkdh;k"
ðõydh;k" ldhdh;k" ukdh;k" rEmdh;k" ioa o dh;k"
.kaOdh;k" ridh;k" fMdÜGíndh;k" Oïudh;k hk fï
oajdoidh;khka ms<sn|j iaj,CIK iy idudkH ,CIK W.;
hq;af;ah'
51
^b& Od;=(- plaLq Od;=" rEm Od;=" plaLq ú[a[dK Od;=" fida;
Od;=" ioao Od;=" fida; ú[a[dK Od;=" >dk Od;=" .kaO Od;=" >dk
ú[a[dK Od;=" ðõyd Od;=" ri Od;=" ðõyd ú[a[dK Od;=" ldh
Od;=" fMdÜGín Od;=" ldh ú[a[dK Od;=" ufkd Od;=" Oïu Od;="
ufkd ú[a[dK Od;= hk fï wgf<dia wdldr Od;+ka ms<sn|
iaj,CIKh W.; hq;af;ah' idudkH ,CIKh W.; hq;af;ah'
^B& bJøsh(- plaLqJøsh" fida;sJøsh" >dksJøsh" ðõydJøsh"
ldhsJøsh" uksJøsh" b;aÓJøsh" mqßisJøsh" Ôú;sJøsh" iqÅJøsh" ÿlaÅJøsh"
fidukiaisJøsh" fodukiaisJøsh" WfmlaÅJøsh" ioaêJøsh" úßhsJøsh"
i;sJøsh" iudêJøsh" m[a[sJøsh" wk[a[d;[a[iaidñ;sJøsh"
w[a[sJøsh" w[a[d;dùJøsh" hk fï foúis bJøshka ms<sn|
iaj,laIK o idudkH ,laIK o W.; hq;af;ah'
^W& iÉp(- ÿlaLd wd¾h i;Hh" ÿlaL iuqoh wd¾h i;Hh"
ÿlaL ksfrdO wd¾h i;Hh" ÿlaL ksfrdO.dñkS mámod wd¾h i;Hh
hk isjqjeoEreï i;Hhka ms<sn| wjfndaOh W.; hq;af;ah'
^W& máÉp iuqmm
a do(-
1' wúoHd m%;Hfhka ixialdrfhda fj;s'
2' ixialdr m%;Hfhka ú[a[dKh fjhs'
3' ú[a[dK m%;Hfhka kdu-rEm fjhs'
4' kdu-rEm m%;Hfhka i<dh;k fjhs'
5' i<dh;k m%;Hfhka Miai fjhs'
6' Miai m%;Hfhka fõokd fjhs'
7' fõokd m%;Hfhka ;Kaydj fjhs'
8' ;Kayd m%;Hfhka WmdÞkh fjhs'
9' Wmdodk m%;Hfhka Njh fjhs'
10' Nj m%;Hfhka cd;sh fjhs'
11' cd;s m%;Hfhka crd urKh fõ'
 52
fï wdldrfhka i|yka máÉpiuqmamdoh ms<sn| wjfndaOh
my< lr .; hq;af;ah' fuys wúÊcdfõ mgka crd urKh olajd
wx.fhda fodf<diafofkla jkakdy'
^t& wdydr(- ln,sxldr wdydrh" Miai wdydrh" ufkdai[afÉ;k
wdydrh" ú[[dK wdydrh hk isõ jeoEreï wdydrh ms<n s | h:dN+;
{dkh ÈhqKq lr .; hq;f a ;ah' fu lshk ,o N+ñ N+; O¾uhka md<s
jYfhka yd w¾: l:d jYfhka Woa.%yKh l< hq;af;a h' keje;
kej;;a w¾:h ±k.kakd woyiska úpdÍu úuiSu l< hq;af;ah'
hf:dala; N+ñ N+; O¾uhkays {dk mßph" kqjK mqyqKqj"
isÿjkafka tys {dkh wdfiú; ùu fya;= fldg f.kh' tA wdfijkh
jkdys tys Y%jK jYfhkq;a Wm mÍlaId jYfhkq;a fkd msßfy,d
flfrk ukisldrfhka ,efnkafkah' tfyhska jev leu;s
fhda.djprhd fuys fkd mudj fhÈh hq;h = ' fufia fï O¾uhka ys
{dk mßph uq, § ÈhqKl q r.; hq;h
= ' NdjkdNsfhda.fha § wruqKg
.; hq;= jkafka thhs'
úo¾Ykd Ndjkdfõ § lguyka wruqK jYfhka fkd .;
hq;= hhs wyla l< tl o ixialdrfhla ke;' tfia jqj;a mqo.
a ,hdg
.e<fmk ieáfhka wruqKq fhdod .;hq;= jkafkah' fuys N+ñ
jYfhka tla fldgila lS j o lreKg ms ß uefi;;a il,
i;a;ajhkg .e,fmkfia l¾uia:dkh foaYkd lrñka fufia
ilkaOdÈh fmkakqï l<y'
i;a;ajfhda tla l%uhla wkqj fldgia ;=klg fn§ isáhy'
rEmiuqÜGdkfhdah" wrEm iuqÜGdkfhdah" WNh iuqÜGdkfhdah hk
jYfhks' tys wrEm iuqÜGdkhka i|yd ilkaO foaYkdj úh' tys
wrEm i;r wdldrfhlska fnok ,oafoah' rEm iuqÜGdkhka i|yd
wdh;k foaYkdj meje;af;ah' tys rEm O¾ufhda wvla iys; fldgia
oYhlg fnÿkdy' WNh iuqÜGdkhka i|yd Od;= foaYkdj
meje;af;ah' tys rEm wrEmoajh u fn§ we;s fyhsks'
53
;j;a m%ldr follska i;a;ja fhda ;=ka jeoEreï fj;s' ;slÅ
a Jøsh
i;a;ajfhda" uÊ®êuJøsh i;a;ajfhda" uqÈJøsh i;a;ajfhda hk
jYfhka o ixlafIam reÑlfhda" uOHu reÑlfhda" úia;dr reÑlfhda
hk jYfhka o fõ' fudjqka i|yd o hf:dal; a jQ ilkaOdÈ foaYkdfjda
mj;ajk ,oy'
bJøsh foaYkdj wkd;au ,CIKh myiqfjka W.ekSug yelsjk
fia mj;ajk ,oafoah' fï bJøshfhda BYajrd§ka fuka ;uka yd
tl;=j mj;akd O¾uhka w;frys wêm;slï olajkafkdah' th
Tjqka yg ,enqfka O¾u;d jYfhks' fï l%shdj fufia jk fyhska
jij;a;s flfkla ke;a;dy" fï O¾u fufia Y=kHfhdah"
wjYj¾;syq h hkq fuhska meyeÈ,s jk fyhska wkd;au ,ËKh
iqjfia wjfndaO lr .; yels jkafkah'
—ialJOfhda o" wdh;kfhda o" Od;=yq o" bJøsfhda o hk oyï
fldgia i;frys u ms<m s e§u" meje;auh" keje;auh" tA foflys u
fya;j
= hk l%ufhka oelSu iemhg fya;= fjhs' tfia fkd fjf;d;a
ÿlg fya;= fjhs˜ hkq m%ldY lrkq i|yd i;H foaYkdj meje;af;ah'
úo¾Ykdfõ uq,a fol(-
úo¾Ykd m%{djg uq,a folla we;af;ah' ud¾. m%{djg o uq,a
folla we;af;ah' ud¾. m%{djg o th tfia u ,efnhs' iS, úiqoê a h"
Ñ;a; úiqoaêh hk folh' fï fol ;sfnk ;dla m%{dj uq,a nei
.kafkah' ke;fyd;a th fkd fjhs'
1 iS, úiqoaêh kï(-
—iS, úiqoê kdu iqmßiqoOx md;sfudCL-
ixjrdÈ p;=nìOx iS,x˜
hkq fyhska ie±yefhka YsËdmo YS,h /lSu" bJøshoajdrfhka
rd.d§ flf,ia my< jkakg bv fkd ;nd isysfhka hq;=j úiSu"
Èú meje;a ùu i|yd ;udg fkd .e<fmk kqiqÿiq fkd ±yeñ foa
fkd f.k msßisÿ Ôúldj ù¾hfhka hq;=j /l.ekSu" wdydrdÈ
 54
jYfhka ;ud mßfNd. lrk ;dla ±h m%fhdackh jYfhka" ms<l s ,
= a
jYfhka" Od;= jYfhka kqjKska m%;HfõËd lrñka isysfhka
fh§ msßisÿj úiSu hk md;sfudlaL ixjr iS,h" bJøsh ixjr
iS,h" wdÔj mdßiqoê
a iS,h" mÉphikaki s i
a ;s iS,h hk isjq msßisÿ
is,a /lSfuka msßisÿ ldhsl jdpisl meje;aula ;nd .ekSuh'
2 ÑF; úiqoêh kï(-
—ÑF; úiqoê kdu iWmpdr wgG iudmF;sfhd˜ hkq neúka
Wmpdr iys; wÜG iudm;a;syqh' tys wÜG iudm;a;s kï m%:u
OHdkdÈ jYfhka ,efnk rEmdjpr iudm;a;s i;r o" wrEm OHdk
jYfhka ,efnk iudm;a;s i;r o hk wgh' fï wjia:dfh ys
,efnk iudêhg w¾mKd iudêh hhs lshkq ,efí'
;jo fï iudm;a;s wg ,eîug m<uqfjka tlS uyoa.; is;a
my< jk Ñ;a; ùÓfha uq,skq;a Wmpdr kñka is;a my< jkafkah'
tA is;a my< fkd ù o Wmpdr is;a muKla my< jkakg bv we;af;ah'
fï foj¾.h u Wmpdr kdufhka olajk ,o nj o; hq;= fjhs'
—úmiaikdhdkslhd f.a ;kslr Wmpdr iudêh fyda th
ke;akï CIKsl iudêh fyda Ñ;a; úY=oaêh jkafka h˜hs
mqrdKdpd¾jjrhka úiska m%ldYs; fyhska fï CI‚l iudêh o
Ñ;a; úiqoaêh jYfhka l%shd flfrhs' úo¾Ykd Ndjkdjg Ñ;a;
úY=oaêh jYfhka fufia wjia:d ;=klska mgka .ekSug bv we;s
fyhska OHdk is;a ke;sj úo¾Ykd jvkag fkd yelsh hk u;h
wfya;=l nj ie,lsh hq;=h'
àldpd¾h Oïumd, ysñfhda o —Wmpdr iudêms wmmkd iudê
úh úmiikdh wêgGdk Ndjf;d ÑF; úiqoêfhj˜hs Wmpdr
iudêh o w¾mKd iudêh fuka úo¾Ykdjg msysg jk fyhska
Ñ;a; úiqoaêh uehs fï w¾:h u m%ldY l<y' fï ms<sn| iïmQ¾K
wjfndaOhla my< lr .ekSug ;j;a Tíng ÈhqKj q g muqKj
q d .;
hq;=h' fï iS, úiqoaêh;a" Ñ;a; úiqoaêh;a hk fol m%{djg uq,a
55
jkafka thg hf:dala; N+ñfha iaÒrj msysgd .ekSug Wmldr jk
fyhsks' YS,fhka m%;sIaGd isoaêh fjhs' iudêfhka m%;sIaGdj iaÓr
fjhs' thska m%{dj jeãug fyd|g wjirh ,efnhs' —i;sys iS,
úiqoêhx ÑF; úiqoêh[p whx m[[d uQ,cd;d kdu fyd;s kdi;s˜
—iS, úiqoaêh we;s l,ays Ñ;a; úiqoaêh o fol u we;s l,ays fï
m%{dj uq,a .;af;a kï fjhs˜ hk wdpd¾h Oïumd, iajdókaf.a
jpkh o ie,elsh hq;=h'
3 m%{dfõ YÍrh(- ÈÜÀ úiqoaêh" lxLdú;rK úiqoaêh"
u.a.du.a. [dKoiaik úiqoaêh" mámod [dKoiaik úiqoaêh"
[dKoiaik úiqoaêh hk úiqoaê mi úo¾Ykd m%{dfõ YÍrhhs'
l%ufhka fkd msßfy,d j¾Okhg m;a lr .; hq;af;ls' YÍrh
msßySfuka iïmQ¾K wNdjh isÿjk fyhsks'
m%×j msßfyk ieá
^w&' wkqf,dau [dKfha fkd jeãfuka máÉp iuqmamdoh
.ek;a" ksjk .ek;a úreoaO u; my< ù kqjK msßfyhs'
^wd&' ixLdrefmlaLd [dKfha ydksfhka ixialdrhka ys
WfmaCIdj my< lr.kakd wkaou fkd oekSfuka kqjKska msßfyhs'
^b&' uq [aÑ ;= l uH;d [dKfha mßydks f hka la f ,a Y
ixialdrhka w,a,d .;a .ekau yßkakg fkd yelsj fkdfhla
f,iska kqjKska msßfyhs'
^B&' ksíìod [dKfha mßydksfhka wNsr;s i[a[dj jeã
l=Y,O¾u mËfha wkNsr;sh ke;sj kqjKska msßfyhs'
^W&' wd§kj [dKfha mßydksfhka i;a;aj ixialdrhka
ms<sn|j mj;akd wdYajdo ix{dj lvd .ekSug neßj jeãfuka
ÿlg m;aj kqjKska msßfyhs'
 56
^W!&' Nh [dKfha mßydksfhka tAldka;fhka Nh jYfhka
±k .; hq;= ixialdrhka i¾m" .sks" úI wd§ka iu. tlg jeà
úkdY uqLhg m;ajk ì<s÷ka fia tajd weiqre flfrñka ÿlg m;aj
kqjKska msßfyhs'
^t&' WohjHh [dKfha mßydksfhka WÉfþo ÈÜÀ" iiai;
ÈÜÀ f.k ñ:Hd oDIaál j [dKfhka msßfyhs'
fï wdldrfhka mámod [dK oiaikh jeã ke;s kï kqjKg
wh;a wxf.damdx. fkd ,eî th msßySug m;afjhs'
2' u.a.du.a.[dK oiaikh fkd jeãfukqÿ fufiau .; hq;= fkd
.; hq;= m%;sm;a;sh f;areï .kakg fkd yelsj fkd .; hq;= u.
.ekSfuka" .; hq;= u. fkd .ekSfuka iïmQ¾K m%;sm;a;sh
mekf.dia kqjfKa msßySu isÿ fjhs'
3' lxLdú;rK úiqoêh fkd jeãfuka o i;a;ajhd ms<sn|j;a"
i;a;ja hd jik f,dalh ms<n s |j;a" fkdfhla wdldr ielhg Ndck
ù kqjfKa msßySu isÿ fjhs'
4' ÈÜÀ úiqoaêh jeã ke;slñka fkd fhla wdldr ñ:Hd woyia
jeãfuka iuH.a oDIaáh j| ù kqjfKa msßySu isÿfjhs'
5' [dKoiaik úiqoaêh kï jevqKq [dKh hs' th imqrd .ekSuh
Ndjkdfõ m%Odk f;areu jkafka'
fï wdldrfhka kqjKg wjYH jk wxf.damdx. iïmQ¾K
lr.ekSu fya;= fldg m%{d YÍrh iliajk nj ie,lsh hq;=h'
fï wjhj m[aplh iuqÈ; ùfuka tAlika;dk Ndjhg meñŒfuka
m%{d YÍrh y÷kajd Èhyels fjhs' tfia ±lafjk wjhj mfika
ÈÜÀ úiqoêa h;a" lxLdú;rK úiqoêa h;a YÍrfha mdo oajh jYfhka
o; hq;= fjhs' u.a.du.a. [dKoiaik úiqoê
a h" mámod [dKoiaik
úiqoê
a oajh yia;oajh jYfhka o; hq;= fjhs' [dKoiaik úiqoêa h
YS¾Ih jYfhka o; hq;=h'
57
iS,h ±kSu tflls' tys ms<sme§u tflls' tfyhska iS,hka
ms<sn| oekSu my< lr .;a mu‚ka YS, úiqoaêfhys msysá fha
fkdfõ' Ñ;a; úiqoaê .ek o ie,lsh hq;af;a fufia uehs'
—kys flj, cdkk ufF;k ÑF; úiqoêhd m;sgÀf;d kdu
fyd;s' kp ;F: wm;sgGdh Wmß úiqoêfhd iumdfo;=x iCld˜
hkq àldpd¾h jpkhhs' ;kslr ±kSï mufKlska iS,
úiqoaêfhys msysáfha kï fkd fjhs' tys fkd msysgd u;= úiqoaêka
iïmdokh lsÍug fkd yelaflah˜ hkq tys f;areuhs'
úo¾Ykdfõ l%u fol
iu:hdksl l%uh iy iqoO a úmiaikdhdksl l%uh hhs úo¾Ykd
Ndjkdfõ l%u folls' tys iu:hdksl kï —COdfkjd COdkQmpdfr
jd m;sgGdh úmiikx wkqhf q [cJ;fii;x kdux˜ hkq lS fyhska
m%:udÈ OHdkfhl msyg s d fyda tys Wmpdrfhys msygs d fyda úo¾Ykd
Ndjkdfõ fhfokakd yg lshk kfuls' fufia iu:hdksl
fhda.djprhd yg úo¾YkdNskf s jYh jkafka l,ska ;ud ;=< my<
lr .;a OHdkdÈhla oajdrlr .ekSfuks' iqoaO úmiaikdhdkslhd
yg tfia l,ska ÈhqKq lr .;a iu:fhla ke;' Tyqf.a Ndjkdj
iu:hg fkd uqih q ' Tyqg wrEm fldgia m%lg ke;s fyhska wdrïNfha
úmiaikdNsksfjih rEm fldgia ud¾.fhks' iu:hdkslhdf.a
wNsksfjih rEm wrEm folska u ,efí' Tyqg tA foj¾.h u m%lg
jk fyhsk's fï wdldrfhka wdrïN lrk úmiaikd {dk mrïmrdj
iïmQ¾K jkafka fï fomËh ;=<u úiqoê a is; ÈhqKj q g m;aùfuks'
ima; úiqoê
a h
1' iS, úiqoêh" 2' ÑF; úiqoêh" 3' ÈgÀ úiqoêh" 4' lXLdú;rK
úiqoêh" 5' u..du.. [dKoiik úiqoêh" 6' mámod [dKoiik
úiqoêh" 7' [dKoiik úiqoêh hkq úiqoê a ima;lhhs'
 58
tys i|yka uq,a úiqoaê fol m<uqfjka y÷kajdfok ,oafoah'
ÈÜÀ úiqoaêfha mgka we;s úiqoaê mi ±ka fuys y÷kajdÈh hq;=j
;sfí' fï úiqoê a ka ms<n
s |j kshu f;areu my<jkafka fuhg wh;a
Ndjkdfõ fh§fuks' tys iq;uh jQ [dKh my<lr .ekSug kï"
weoys,su;aj úo¾Ykd Ndjkd WmfoaYhkays úuiqï kqjK fhoúh
hq;=h' tA ms<sn| j úfYaIdjfndaOhg ye¢kaùu" ms<sfj;" m%;sM,"
wkqiia hk l%u i;ßka {dkh fufyh úh hq;=h'
ye¢kaùu(- ÈgÀ úiqoê
a kï —kdurEmdkx h:djoiikx ÈgÀ
úiqoêkdu˜ hkq fyhska kdu rEmhka ms<n s | we;s ;;= ±lSuhs' ;ud
Ndjkdjg fhdod .;a wruqK uq,k
s a rEmhla fjkakg o mq¿jk' wrEmhla
fjkakg;a mq¿jk' tA tfia .;a kdu-rEmhkaf.a ,CIK jYfhkq;"a
ri jYfhkq;a mÉpqmÜGdk jYfhkq;a jegeySu isÿúh hq;h = '
ms<f
s j;(- Ndjkdjg .kakd l¾uia:dk fldgia úo¾Ykdfõ
§ YÍr jYfhka ±la jQ foa úh hq;=h' tkï ilkaO Od;= wdÈhhs'
ilkaO jYfhka ie,elSfï § uki bÈßhg yuqlr.;a flaid§
rEm fldgila fyda thg we;=<;a m%lg j jegefyk jdfhda Od;=
fldgila fyda úh yelsh' flaid§ fldgiaj, mGú Od;=j m%lgh'
ms;a;d§ fldgiaj, wdfmda Od;=j m%lgh' wdkdmdkdÈfhys jdfhd
fldgia m%lgh' NdjkdrïuKhg uq,§ fyd|g u m%lg fldgila
fj; is ; fhdojd wNs k s f jih i,ld .;hq ; = nj uQ , s l
úo¾YfkdamfoaYhhs' m%lg fkd jk foa uq,ska we,a,Sfuka m%;sM,
ÿria: fjhs' tfia is; t,an .kakd tA wruqK keje; keje; is;g
fyd|g m%lg jQjla lr .; hq;=h' wdrïNfha § tlla jYfhka
±fkk fmfkk tA fldgia is; ;ekam;a ùfuka" ÈhqKj q g m;aùfuka
th fnÈ fn§ jegefykakg mgka .kshs' tfia jegeySfï § tA tA
fldgiaj, l%h s dldÍ iajNdjfhda o" is;g jefok iajNdjfhda o" tys
wdOdr iajNdjfhda o meyeÈ,s jkakdy' th isÿfjk;dla ukisldrh
fyj;a i;sh;a iïmc[a[h;a fyd¢ka ;ekam;alñka mj;ajd .;
59
hq;=h' yeu fohla u fufkys fldg lsÍug mqreÿ úh hq;=h'
W;aidyfhka th l< hq;=h'
m%;sM,(- .=rEmfoaY wkqj Ndjkdfõ fhfok mskaj;=ka yg
w;r u. ,efnk ndOlhka u. yrjd .; yels fjhs' th ke;s
;eke;a;d úiska w;rl is; fkd kj;sk fia ukisldr Ñ;a;
mrïmrdj meje;aúh hq;= h' ixialdrhkaf.a meje;au jk fï Od;+ka
ms<sn| ,CIK ri mÉpqmÜGdkdÈh fufiah'
1' mGúh(- ;o ±ä nj" r¿ nj" wfkla Od;+kag msysg ùu"
fiiq O¾uhka ms<s.kakd ieá hk fï wdldrfhka ±kSu fjhs'
2' wdfmda(- je.sfrk iajNdjh" wfkla O¾uhka j¾Okh lrk
.;sh" ms~q lsÍfï ieá yeÕSu hk fï wdldrfhka ±kSu fjhs'
3' f;afcd(- WKqiï
q iajNdjh" meieùu" fïÍu" uDÿnj yerùu"
hk fï wdldrfhka ±fkhs'
4' jdfhda(- msïîfï iajNdjh" p,kh" ;,a¨ lsÍu hk fï
wdldrfhka ±fkhs'
fï yeÕSï my< jkafka hf:dala; wkaoñka wruqK foi
tlÕ is;ska ne,Sfï § tA fufkys lsÍu mj;ajk Ñ;a; mrïmrdj
ÈhqKq ùu fya;= fldg f.kh' Ndjkd ukisldrh fkd lvjd
f.khdu fï úo¾Ykdfõ m%Odk ld¾hh hs' ,efnk ;dla wruqKq
fufkys lsÍfuka i;s iïmc[[h ,efí' tfia fkd fjf;d;a"
m%udoh hs' uqgGii;sh hs' uqgGii;s mqo.
a ,hdg Ndjkdfjla fldhskoa @
tfyhska wm%udo m%;sm;a;sh rlsñka ;udf.a wdikfha lh jÈk
ieá o" thska ldh iïMiaih ,efnk ieá o fufkys l< hq;=h'
fufia lsÍfï § wef.a fõokdj my< fjf;d;a th o" is; neyer
hf;d;a th o" fjk hïlsis weiSï wdÈhla ±kqfKd;a th o fufkys
l< hq;h= ' wka;us fha tA ish,a, wNsNjkh fldg NdjkdrïuKhg
myiqfjka is; hjkakg yels fjhs'
 60
;udg fyd|g ±fkk ;udf.a isref¾ p,kh fufkys lsßu
myiqh' th o rEmhhs' tA rEmhkaf.a my<jk ieá" ìfok ieá
jegefykjd we;' tys tl p,khla fkdj p,k rdYshla u mj;sk
ieá ukisldrhg bÈßm;a fjkjd we;' thg iïnkaO kdu O¾uhka
l%ufhka jegfykakg mgka .kakjd we;'
fufia tA tA rEmd rEm O¾uhkag wh;a ,ËKdÈh;a iuÕ tA tA
fldgia tlska tlg fjka fjka fjñka msßisf|ñka my<jk ±kSu
kdu - rEm mßÉfþo [dKhhs' .kakd wruqKg is; fyd¢ka
fhdodf.k ys£ug yels fjhs' tfyhska tys óg l,ska ±k.kakg
fkd ,enqKq úis;=re ±kSula my< fjhs' w;a md È.yeÍï wdÈh o
fufkys lsÍfuka u isÿfjk fyhska thg is; hefjk úg is; tys
jefgk ieáfhka o" yefmk ieáfhka o jegefyhs' l%ufhka
ukisldrh ÈhqKq lrk úg fï yeu ;eku úfYaI oekqu my<
fjhs' .=rEmfoYh we;sj fï Ndjkdj f.k hd hq;= nj fuys §
úfYaIfhka f;areï .; yels fjhs'
uq,§ Ñ;a; iudêh ÈhqKq fldg f.k isáhl=g rEmhka ms<ns |
tllska tlla fjkafldg ±kSu blauKska isÿ fjhs' wrEm jQ kduhka
ms<sn| j o tfiau ±kSu fjhs' fuys § bÈßm;a jk yeu wruqKl
§ u fï fjkafldg .kakd ±kSu my< fjhs' wruqK;a wruqK
±kSu;a fjka fjka ù is;g ±fkk wjia:dfõ § i;a;aj mqoa.,
yeÕSï ke;s fjhs' wruqK fnÈ fn§ jegfykakg mgka .kshs'
mdvï ksid fkdj" wid .ekSula ksid fkdj" wkqkaf.a l:djla
úYajdi lsÍu ksid fkdj" ;udg u fï yeÕSu my< jkúg is;g
b;d Wiia Yla;shla ,eî we;af;ah' ,efnk;dla wruqKq iïnkaO
lrf.k mj;akd fï Yla;sh;a iu. hf:dla; yeÕSu fï kdu
rEm mßÉfþo [dKhhs' fuhska ,efnk wdksixih Tng fufia
±fkhs' i;a;aj iïfuday ke;s fjhs' ñ:HdoDIaÀ ke;s fjhs'
wiïfuday N+ñfhys is; msysghs' h:dN+; o¾Ykh" kdu rEm
jj;a:dkh" ixLdr mßÉfþoh hk kï o fuhg jHjydr flfr;s'
61
fuys i`oyka l< ms<sfj; b;d ixfCIam l%uhhs' wgf<dia
wdldr ms<f
s j;la fï i|yd olajk ,oafoah' tA l%uhka wdpd¾hjreka
úiska f;areï f.k tA tA wjia:dj, § tA tA mqoa.,hkaf.a iqÿiqlï
wkqj fhdok nj ie,elsh hq;h = ' fhda.djprhdg tA yeu l%uhla u
fkd ±kSfuka Ndjkdjg mdvqjla fkd jk nj o; hq;=h'
;jo fu ÈÜÀ úiqoêa h ms<n
s | ms<f
s j; fuys ±lajf
Q ha iu:fhys
mqreÿ mqoa.,fhl= iïnkaO Ñ;a; ;;a;ajh wkq.ukh lsÍfuks'
l,ska Tyq Ñ;a; úiqoê
a h ,nd isá fyhsk's tfia mqreoaola ke;s Y+oO
a
úo¾Yl fhda.djprhd úiska fuys § óg jvd jev /il fhÈh
hq;=h' wdpd¾hjrhd úiska o tA wkaoñka wkqYdikd l< hq;=h'
ilauka Ndjkdj;a" wdik Ndjkdj;a wfkla yeu bßhõ /i;a
iudêh jefvk fia fhdojd,Sug fuys § l¾uia:dkdpd¾hjrhd
Wkkaÿ úh hq;= fjhs'
m%:ufhka iu:fha jev fkd fldg úo¾Ykdfjka u fï
Ndjkdj wrUk mskaj;=ka úiska ixLdr iïuik ld,fha § mGú
wd§ Od;= jYfhka ukisldrh fyj;a ie,lSu mqreÿ l< hq;=h'
tys § Od;=ka ms<n
s | iajNdj lD;HdÈh iys; j wjfndaOh hf:dla;
i,a,laLK Ñ;a;hg meyeÈ,s fjhs' fï wjia:dfõ § is; t;rï u
msßisÿ fkd jk fyhska w;ßka m;r tA i,a,laLK Ñ;a;hg ndysr
ldud§ wruqKq o yuqjkakg" iïnkaO ù my<jkakg" bv ;sfí'
fuys fhda.djprhd yg ,eî ;sfnkafka laIKsl iudêhhs' th o
w;sYhska ;reKh' tfia u ÿn,h' fï iajNdjhka fya;= fldg
f.k w;ßka m;r my<jk úlaIm s ;
a Ñ;a;hka hf:dal;
a i,,CLK
Ñ;a;hka úiska hgm;a lr .ekSfï iu;alu ,efí kï" tl,a ys
ldupPkaod§ kSjrK n,h uevqKq nj f;areï .; hq;= h' wruqfKys
ál fõ,djla r|jd .ekSug iu;a fyhska" m%;smlaI O¾uj,ska
wkNsN+; fyhska o Wmpdr iudêhg iudk n,hla tys ;sfí'
—fidms y s wdruufK tldldfrk mjF;udfkd mámfCLk
 62
wkNsN+f;d wmmsf;d úh ÑF;x kspp,x Gfm;s˜ hkq úiqoaêu.a.
àldpd¾h jpk fyhska fï ËKsl iudêh o fyd|g Yla;u s ;a nj
o; hq;h= ' úo¾Ykd Ndjkd fõ fhÿkyqf.a i,a,laLK Ñ;a;h hï
m%lg wruqKla /f.k mj;S kï" th tla wruqKla i,ld B<Õg
tn÷ u ;j;a wruqKla o" B<Õg ;j;a wruqKla ±hs i,a,laLK
Ñ;a ; mrïmrdj tla wdldrfhls k a fjk is ; ls k a w;rla
ke;sj mj;shs' wruqK kdkdldr jQj;a tA yeu ;ek u tl u
i,a,laLKdldr jQ Ñ;a;fha iudNs;dldrh tl iudkh' m<uqjekak
hïn÷ iudys ; ^tlÕ& jQ is f ;ls k a i,ld kï fojeka k
;=kja ekak o tnÿ jQ is;k
s a i,lhs' yeu i,a,laLKh u iudys;h'
fufia meje;s fï is; m%;smCI kSjrKhkaf.a n,hg hg
fkd jQfhah' fun÷ fï ËKl iudêh w¾mKd iudêh fia
n,j;a hhs o; hq;=' fï Ñ;a; úiqoaêh hs'
Wmpdr;a OHdk O¾u;a Ñ;a; úiqoê a h nj w¾:l:dfõ m%ldYs;
úh' fï úo¾Ykd mQ¾jl Ndjkdfõ Ñ;a; úiqoaêh fuys m%ldYs;
ËKs iudêh hs' tho Wmpdr iudêfhys ix.%y lsÍfuka hf:dla;
m%ldYh lrk ,o nj o; hq;h = ' Wmpdrh muKla ,efnk l¾uia:dk
uq, § oljk ,oafoah' tys zWmpdrhZhs lSfha ËKsl iudêh uehs'
—mGuii ®dkii mßluux f.d;%Np + mGuii ®dkii wkk;r
mppfhk mppfhd˜hs jod< mßÈ OHdk Ñ;a; ùÓfha ,efnk" OHdk
Ñ;a;hg uq,ska ,efnk is; fuka u thska m%:u mßl¾u jYfhka
Wmokd wjia:dfõ Ñ;a; o zWmpdrZ kdufhka jHjydr lrk ,o
fyhska fuhg Wmpdr kduh iqÿiqh'
kdu rEm mßÉfþo [dKh fï Ñ;a; úiqoê a h iïmQ¾K ùfuka
,efnkafkah' tys § kdu rEm foj¾.h kshu jYfhka fn§ kqjKg
fmfkkakg mgka .kshs' NdjkdrïuKh i|yd wdYajdi m%Yajdi
fyda tA fõ.fhka oefkk YdÍßl p,kh fyda fhdod f.k
;sfí kï Tyqg fï ixLdr mßÉfþoh b;d meyeÈ,s f,ig
63
jegefykakg mgka .kafkah' thska ÈhqKq jQ fï kqjKg ,efnk
yeu wruqKla u meyeÈ,sj fmfkkakg mgka .kafkah' Ndjkdfõ
fhfok fhd.ajprhdg tA i|yd úfYaI W;aidyhla ke;;a
wkdhdifhka tA ms<sn| jegeySu isÿjkafkah' th ´kElñka is;d
.ekSfuka my< fjf;d;a Ndjkduh [dKh fkdfõ' Ñka;duhhs'
tkï iajYla;sfhka ÿgq weiQ W.;a foa wkqj my<jk [dKh hs'
Ndjkduh [dKh fï folska u ÈhqKq jQ" O¾u iajNdjh jid isá
flf,iqka ÿre ù fuka my< jk kshu ±kSuhs'
ÈÜÀ úiqoaêh kï i;a;j a mqo.a , yeÕSfuka wyla jQ msßisÿ
±kSuhs' ifodrg wruqKq jk;dla rEmd § wruqKq kdu - rEm folg
fn§ jegfyk l,a ys i;a;j a mqo.
a , iïfudayhg bfvla fkd ,efí'
fufia fï ñ:Hd oDIaáfhka mdßY=oê a h ie,efihs' Ñ;a; n, jefvhs'
iudê n,h ÈhqKq ù ;sfnhs' .;a wruqK yer wka wruqKq wvq h' tys
;ekam;a fjhs' fufkys lsßu myiqh' ,efnkd ;dla wruqKq yeuúg
u fufkys lsÍug iu¾:fõ' yuqjk wruqKl uq," ueo" w. hk
fï wjia:dj,ska jeä fldgila w;Hka;fhka fufkys l< yels
fjhs' thska i,a,laLK Ñ;a; mrïmrdj fkd kj;ajd È.g f.k
hdug Wkkaÿj t;eka isg my< fjhs'
l¾uia:dkdpdÍka jykafiag fï ;;a;j a h oek.kakg ,enqKq
úg Wkajykafia iqÿiq mÍËKfhlska miq fufkys lsÍu ÈhqKq
lsÍug Wmfoia fokakdy' fhda.djprhdf.a ieu bßhõjl u tA
ÈhqKq ukisldrh fkd kj;ajd f.k hdu isÿ fjhs' wdik
Ndjkdfõ § o" ilaufka § o úfYaIfhka fuys m%;sM, u;=jkakg
mgka .ksh's fuys § fhda.djprhdf.a jev fndfyda fyñka isÿfjhs'
Tyqg w;a md È. yeßfï §" yels<Sfï § m<uqfjka tA tA l%shd
meje;aùfï leue;s is;a jegefyhs' fufia yeu l%shdjl § u fol
fol ie,elSug isÿ fjhs' wels<f S ï leue;s is; we;s l,ays wels<u
S
isÿfjhs' È. weÍfï is; we;s l,ays È. weÍu isÿfjhs' ;udg fyd|g
 64
u rEmd rEm O¾uhka m%lgj jegefyk fyhska tys fya;=ka o
m%;HlaIj jegefykakg mgka .kshs' m%lg jQ kqjKg yuqj tk
fï wjfndaOh ÈhqKq jQ miq rEmh my< ùug fya;=jk wúoHdj"
;DIaKdj" l¾u hk fï fya;k
+ a ms<n
s | wjfndaOh o wkqudk jYfhka
,efí' kduh jk is;g;a is; iïnkaO O¾uhkag;a fya;= o m%;HlaI
jYfhka u wjfndaOh fjhs'
tA fufiah(-
rEm wruqKla wefia .eàu ksid o" Yío wruqKla lfka .eàu
ksid o" .kaO wruqKla kdisldfõ .eàu ksid o" ri wruqKla Èfõ
.eàu ksid o" fMdÜGín wruqKla lfha .eàu ksid o" is;a my< jk
ieá o" Miai fõokd i[aØ fÉ;kd my< jk ieá o m%;HË
jYfhka jegefyk úg fun÷ wjia:dfõ Tyqg mÉph mß.a.y
[dKh my<fõ' l¾u mrïmrdj;a úmdl mrïmrdj;a meyeÈ,s jk
l,ays fï fhda.djprhd yg lxLdú;rK úiqoê a fhka Ñ;a;h ÈhqKf
q õ'
l¾uhla lrkafkla fyda úmdlhla ú¢kafkla ke;ehs jegeySu
isÿfjhs'
tfyhska jod<y(-
—tjfu;x wNs[Øh - NsCLq nqoOii idjfld
.uNSrx ksmqKx iq[[x - mpphx máúc®;s˜
fï fufia oek nqoaO Y%djl uyKf;fï ishqï jQ fjol
ldrl Y=kH jQ m%;Hh m%;sfõO flfrhs'
tys m%ÓM, kï(-
lXLdú;rK úY=oêfhka iïmQ¾K ùfuka tA mqoa.,hd yg
,efnk m%;Ms , kï" fhda.djprhd ukisldr N+ñfha .eUqrg f.dia
we;s nj yeÕfjk bßhõ o" l:d o" fjk;a tn÷ .;s meje;=ï
weiqre lrk ieá ±k.kakg ,eîu" ld,;%h ms<ns | jQ Ôú; ielhka
,syS ;sfnk ieá o m%ldY fjhs' fï fya;= fldg f.k ;=kqrejka
65
flfrys o" wdpd¾hhka flfrys o" ;udg Wmldr jQjka flfrys o
uy;a Nla;shla Tyqf.a uqúka m%ldY fjhs' Wyq,kakg fkd yels
wkaoñka n,j;a m%S;shla .,kakg mgka .kshs' th ks;ru m%ldY
flfrñka l¾uia:dk Ndjkdj mjd uolg k;r lrhs'
Ndjkdfjka msg mek mj;akd fhda.djprhdf.a fï ;;a;j
a h
Tyqf.a Ndjkd ÈhqKqjg ndOl fyhska fuys § Wmfoia fokakdf.a
msysg b;d Wiia jYfhka ie,lsh yelsh'
—bñkd mk [dfKk iuJkd.f;d úmiifld nqoO idik
,oOiidfid ,oOm;sfgGd ksh; .;sfld pq,, fid;dmfJkd
kdu fyd;s˜ hkq fuys wdksixi olajk l:dj hs'
fï {dkfhka iïmQ¾K jQ úo¾Yl fhda.djprhd nqÿ iiqfkys
wiajeiqï ,oafols" msyg
s ,oafols" ksh; .;sl pq,,
a fida;dmkakfhls
hkq tys woyi hs'
u.a.du.a. [dKoiaik úiqoê
a h
lxLdú;rK úiqoaêh fïreKq miq NdjkdrïuKfha uq,;a"
ueo;a meyeÈ,s j fjka fjkaj ±fka' tA wdrïuKfha uq,a uq,a fldgia
my<fjñka my<fjñka" ke;sfjñka ke;sfjñka hk l,ays B<Õ
wruqKq my< jk nj o meyeÈ,s fjhs' ilaufka § md ;eîï" tiùï
hk fuyso ys£ï wdÈfhys § yg.kakd ÿla fõokd j,§ o tlla
my<ù mej;S ke;s ù l%ufhka ikaif s |k ieá m%;HËj wjfndaO
fjhs' yg.kakd ÿlaL fõkdÈh lSm úgla fufkys lsÍfï §
ikais£ufõ' fufia fuys È fhda.djprhdf.a is;g kdu - rEm
iïu¾YKh fyd|g wiqù mj;shs' tA fya;= fldg f.k WojHh
folska f;dr lsis;a ke;s nj jegefyhs'
i,a,laLK Ñ;a;h jQ úo¾Ykdjg ke.=Kq O¾uhka meje;s
meje;S ;=ks ù hka;ñka oefkk ;;a;j
a hg o m;a ù wjikays ish¨
wkaoñka ke;s ù hkq is;g oefkk fyhska f.ù f.ù hk
 66
f;arefuka tAjd wks;H hhs iïuikh fjhs' tla tla ÿla fõokdjla
my< ù ukisldrfhka miq ke;sfjk úg ;j;a ÿla fõokdjla
my< fjhs' fufia ksr;=rej ÿla fõokdjka i,lk Tyqg ÿlaL
rdYsfhla u hhs m%;HËj iïu¾YKh fjhs'
fï wks;H iajNdjhka o" ÿlaL iajNdjhka o isÿfjk" my<
fjk ieá ie,elSfï § tu iajNdjhka je,elSfï wêm;slula
;udg ke;' tys biqre nfjla ke;' tfyhska wkd;au hhs ie,elSu
fjhs' fufia iqoaO i,a,laLK Ñ;a;hg wks;H" ÿlaL" wkd;au hhs
wkdhdifhka hï ±lSula my<fõ kï th Ñka;duh;a fkdfõ'
iq;uh;a fkdfõ' tA jkdyS Ndjkdfjka cks; {dkh hs' th o
m%;HË iïu¾IKh hs'
fï wdldrfhka lSmjrla ±lSfuka" is;g ±kSfuka ,o wkqN;
+ h
s u.a.du.a. [dK oiaik úiqoaêh hs'
wkqj —w;S; ^miq jQ& isÿùfï o fufiah" wkd.; isÿùï o fufiah"
j¾;udk isÿùï o fufia h" fld;ek;a fufia h" ld .ek;a
fufiah˜hs lsh wkqudk iïuikh o ÈhqKq fjhs'
fulS iïuik {dkh l%ufhka ÈhqKqjg m;aùfï §
ixialdrhka ms<n
s | ie,elSu kh úmiaikd ixLHd; l,dm iïuik
jYfhka ish,a, fkd yer wiq ù ie,elSug mq¿jka fjhs' úo¾Ykdj
i|yd wruqKg bÈßm;a ixialdrhka ms<sn|j wks;HdÈ jYfhka
jegeySfï § fiiq ixialdrhka .ek o tA wks;HdÈ ,laIK me;sr
we;s nj jgyd .ekSfuka my<lr .kakd oekSu kh úmiaikdjhs'
thu w;S;dÈ fldgia tfld<ig we;=<;a fldg" l,dm fldg
fufkys lSÍu isÿjk fyhska l,dm iïuikh o fjhs'
fï wdldr fufkys lsÍfï § Wmokd Wmokd ;dla ixialdrhka
WmÈk WmÈk flfKys u ie,elSug iu¾: Ndjh ,efnk úg tA
úo¾Ykdjf.a wdkqNdjfhka¦
—TNdfid mS;s miioê - wêfudfCLdp m..fyd
iqLx [dKuqmgGdkuqfmfCLdp kslJ;sp˜
67
hkafkka b.eka jQ úo¾Ykd Wmlaf,aYfhda my< jkakdy'
tys TNdi kï wdf,dalh hs' th ;uka yg fmfkhs' n,j;a
m%;
S h
s o my<fjhs' YÍrfha miaioaêh jQ nr ke;s .;sh o my<fjhs"
wêfudlaL kï n,j;a ieoeyeh o my<fjhs' m.a.y kï ù¾hh hs'
th o iqLh o ;shqKq jQ úo¾Ykd m%{dj o" i;sh o" uOHia:dldr
WfmaËdj o hk fï .=K l%u l%ufhka my< fjhs' fï ish¨ ;kays
ishqï ;DIaKdj jQ ksldka;sh o fkd ±kSu jdf.a my< fjhs' uq, §
lshk ,o isf;a ÈhqKq .;s my< jQ úg th ud¾.h M,h kid ,enqKq
.=K hhs jrojd is;d.ksh's fuhska Tyqg Ndjkdfõ fldklg hdug
fkd yels fjhs' ;udf.a u ±kSfuka fyda wdpdÍkaf.a fudfyh
ùfuka fyda fufkys lsÍfuka kshu u.g neiSfuka my< jkafka
mámod [dK oiaik úiqoê
a h
ixialdr O¾uhka ms<sn| meje;s iïuiKfha § tA O¾uhka
f.a W;amdoh;a" Nx.h;a fol tA tA wjia:dfõ u olakd kqjK
mgka.ekafï § ;reK Wohính [dKhhs'
úo¾Ykd Wmlaf,aY jYfhka meje;s TNdidÈh fufkys
lsÍfuka fyda fkd fufkys lsÍfuka fyda ;udg m%lg j oekqkq
kdu rEm O¾uhka u ksrka;rj i,lk l,ays tA TNdidÈ
Wmlaf,aYhka blau f.k ;kslr Wohínfhys u) [dKh mj;sh's
tl,a ys fï fhda.djprhdg i,a,laLKhla mdid fufkys l<
wruqK o bmso Nx.hg meñfKhs' tA tA wruqK t;ek t;ek u
ke;s fjhs' —th fjk fohlg hkafka ke;˜ hkq fyd¢ka jegefyk
fyhska kdu rEm O¾uhkaf.a ËKhla mdid ;sfnk Woh jh fol
fmfkhs' fuhska tA ixialdrhkaf.a Woh yd jh o fjka fjka j
m%;HËj f;areï .ekSu isÿfjhs' th n,j;a Wohính [dKhhs'
mámod [dKoiaik úiqoaêfha mgka .ekau fuhhs' fu;ek mgka
Nx." Nh" wd§kj" ksíìod" uq[Ñ
a ;=luH;d" máixLd" ixLdrefmlaLd"
 68
wkqf,dau hk fï [dK mrïmrdj ish,a, u tl;= fldg —mámod
[dKoiaik úiqoê a ˜hs jHjydrh ,efí'
[dKoiaik úiqoaêh kï ud¾. [dKhhs' fufia fï ima;
úiqoaê l%ufhka ,efnk m%;sm;a;sh úo¾Ykd Ndjkd l%uh nj
ixlafIamfhka i,ld .; hq;=h' [d; mß[a[d" ;SrK mß[a[d"
mydk mß[a[djka ,efnk wjia:d yd iïuikd§ {dk mrïmrdfõ
úia;rh o iúia;frdamfoaYhka olajk úg m%ldYhg m;a lrkq
,efí' )hf:dla; {dkhka ,eîfï § my< jk yeÕSï yd
;;a;ajh o l,a we;sj fhda.djprhkg oekqï §u ydkslr nj
ie,elsh hq;=h'
tfiau fï Njkd l%u ish,a, ms<sn|j u Wmfoia .ekSug
weiqre l< hq;f
a ;a m%;m
s ;a;f
s hys fhÿkq l,HdK ñ;% .=K iïmkak
wdpd¾hhka nj i,ld .; hq;h = '
—l,HdK ñfF;d fyd;s l,HdK iydfhd l,HdK iumjXld˜
hkqfjka ,en.; hq;= l,HdK ñ;% iïm;a;h s jorK ,§'
fï mo ;=fkka u l,HdK ñ;% ixi¾.fh ys Nla;h s Wmojk
fial'
tys l,hdK ñ;% ,ËK fufiahs'
—bO l,HdK ñfF;d ioOd iumfJkd fyd;s' iS, iumfJkd"
iQ; iumfJkd" pd. iumfJkd" úßh iumfJkd" i;s iumfJkd"
iudê iumfJkd" m[[d iumfJkd˜ hkqfjka tA l,HdK ñ;%hd
ioaOd iïmkak fjhs' iS, iïmkak fjhs' iq; iïmkak fjhs'
iudê iïmkak fjhs' m[a[d iïmkak fjhs lshd l,HdK ñ;%
.=K wgla olajk ,§'
1' l,HdK ñ;%hd ieoeye .=Kfhka iïmQ¾K fyhska
nqÿkajykafia iy fndaêh o" l¾u úmdl o úYajdi lrhs' tfyhska
iïfndaêhg fya;= jQ i;=ka flfrys ysff;IsNdjh fkd yer isáhs'
* Woh jh folays u
69
2' msßisÿ iS, iïm;a;sfhka hqla; ùu fya;= fldg f.k
in%yaupßka yg m%sh ukdm fjhs' .re fjhs' ie,ls,s ,nkafkla
fjhs' jro ÿgq ;ek fpdaokd flfrhs' mdmhg .rykafkla fjhs'
plaLqmd, iajdóka fuka ;u myiqj fkd n,d múgka ÿre lrhs'
Tjqka iu. in|lï fkd mj;ajhs' l¾uia:dk m%;sixhqla; l:dj
yd ;okq l + , O¾u foa Y kdj meyeÈ,s fldg lS f uys ukd
iu;alfulska hql; a fjhs' wkqky
a g wjjdo fok .uka wkqkf
a .ka
,efnk jpk o bjiSfuys iu;a fjhs' fldamdÈhla my< fkd
fldg f.k mr l:djka bjik iq¿ fjhs'
3' iq ; iïm;a ; s f hka hq l a ; jQ fï l,HdK ñ;% h d
máÉpiuqmm a dod § .eUqre O¾u fldgia ;ekg iqÿiq wkaoug m%ldY
lrhs' ;uyg ,dN ,efnk l:d o" ys;j;=ka yg ,dN mejefrk
l:d o" mr ,dNhka je<elSfï l:d o" fkd lrhs' ;srÉPdk l:d o
fkd lrhs' oi l:d jia;= m%;sixhqla; l:djka mj;ajhs'
4' ;Hd. .=Kfhka fyìhd jQ l,HdK ñ;%hd w,afmaÉPfhla
fjhs' ,o fohska fkd iEyS u;= n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafkla
fkd fjhs' wêl f,daNfhka fkd ue~qfka fjhs' ke;s .=K wÕjk
mdmsÉPfhla fkd fjhs' we;s .=Kh fyda lshd md ms<s.ekSfuys
muK fkd okakd uysÉPfhla fyda fkdfõ' úfõl j;a mqrñka
thg .=K lshkafkla fjhs' kqiqÿiq mqoa.,hka iuÕ tl;=
fkd fjhs' iqÿiq mqoa.,hka iuÕ jqj o muK ±k wdY%h lrhs'
5' ù¾hh .=Kfhka imqrd .;a is;e;s l,HdK ñ;%hd fkd
miqngh' ±äj .;a ù¾hfhka hqla;h' l=iS; mqoa.,hkaf.ka f;dr
fjhs' .=K leue;s Ydikdjprhkg wdo¾Y iïmkak fjhs' ù¾h
l:d we;s fjhs' flf,iqka uq,a niakd jev ms<f
s j<ska f;dr jQfhah'
Y%oaOd § bJøsh O¾uhka jeäfuys m%hqla; fjhs' i;a;ajhkg ys;
ms<sfjf;ys Wkkaÿ fjhs'
* mßYsIaGh n,kq
 70
6' i;s iïm;a;f s hka hql;a jQ fï l,HdK ñ;%hd ks;r t<U
isá isyf
s hka hql;
a j jefvys fhfohs' m%udofhka f;drj wm%udofhka
ksn| tijqKq is;a we;af;la fjhs' uq<dfjka f;dr fjhs'
7' iudê iïm;a ; s f hka hq l a ; jQ fï l,HdK ñ;% h d
úËsma;lñka wE;afjhs' fhda.Ndjkdj w;am;a fldg f.k
u;=u;af;ys wNsjDêh i|yd jev lrhs'
8' m%{d iïm;a;f s hka hql;a jQ l,HdK ñ;%hd wùmÍ;j oksh's
fufia fyf;u i;s iïm;a;sfhka l=Y, O¾uhka ms<sn| meje;=ï
fidhñka kqjKska i;=ka flfrys ysff;Is;dj ;;a jQ mßoafoka
oekf.k iudêfhka tlÕ is;a we;sj ù¾hfhka i;=ka wjeäka
j<lajd jefvys' ys; l%shdfjys fhdojhs'
oYúO {dkfhda
1' iuuik [dKh" 2' Wohnnh [dKh" 3' NX. [dKh"
4' Nh [dKh" 5' wd§kj [dKh" 6' ksnìod [dKh"
7' uq[Ñ;=luH;d [dKh" 8' máiXLd [dKh" 9' iXLdrefmCLd
[dKh" 10' wkqf,du [dKh hkq oYúO [dKh hs'
1' iuuik [dKh(
NdjkdrïuKhg i,id.;a O¾uhka ms<n s | j wks;HdÈ ;%ú
s O
,ËKfhka hqla; nj' ;udf.a u kqjKg m%lg fjk;dla tA
O¾uhka ys ;%súO ,ËK hqla; úo¾Ykd úiska keje; wduikh
fldg ne,Suhs' tfia meje;s fï {dkh úo¾Ykdfõ wdrïNhhs')
2' Wohnnh ØKh(-
Woh jh fol ms<sn| wjfndaOhhs' Woh kï tA tA ËKhg
iß,k f,ig fyda tA tA m%;Hhkg iß,k f,ig fyda w¨;a w¨;a
O¾uhka f.a my<ùu o u;=u;af;ys Tjqkaf.a j¾Okh o fõ' th
kï hï ;efkl m%;Hh ,eîfuka O¾uhka my< jk úg" jefvk
* mßYsIagh n,kq
71
úg m%;Hh fkd ,eîfuka mqrdK O¾uhkaf.ka w;=reokaùuhs' iuQy
jYfhka o" ika;;s jYfhka o Woh mËfha o jh mËfha o
iïu¾IKh lrk [dKh Wohính [dKhhs' th ;reK Wohính
[dKh" n,j;a Wohính [dKhhs fojeoEreï fjhs'
3' NX. [dKh(-
hf:dla; mË fol w;ßka Woh fldgi kï u;=u;a;g
ms<sfj<ska bÈßhg m;afjhs' jh fldgi tf,ig m%lg ke;'
wks;H;dfõ mru fldaáh;a th u h' tfyhska th u uekeúka
iukqmiaikdj lrk [dKh Nx. [dKhhs'
4' Nh [dKh(-
;ud wruqKg .;a O¾uhkaf.a fï ks;r ìf|k" kefik iq¿
.;sh ÿgq úg fufia ìf|k iajNdjh we;s O¾uhkaf.a fkdfhla
oyia .Kka fida ÿlaj,g wjldY neúka tA tA wdldrfhka ìh úh
hq;= ieá i,ld ne,Sfï kqjK Nh [dKhhs' Nh;=mÜGdk [dKh
hhs o fuhg lshkq ,efí'
5' wd§kj [dKh(-
f,dalfha yeáhg Nhg fya;= jia;=jla olsk úg" Tyq <Õ
ms<sirK jkakg iu;a jQ fjk tll= wef;d;a ìh wvqh' ke;akï
ìhla ke;s ;rïh' ms<sirK jkakg tflla ke;s u kï
f,da jeisfhda ìhm;a jkakdy' tmßoafoka u ìhm;a úh hq;= tA
O¾uhka ms<sn| j i¾jm%ldrfhka u wka ms<sirKla ke;s nj
oelafuka my< jkafka fï wd§kj [dKhhs'
6' ksnìod [dKh(-
wm%udK ìh ksid o" ms<sirK ke;s ksid o" wd§kjh ksid o
iekis,,a la fkd ±l Wlg,S .;sfhka my< jk úo¾Ykd [dKh
ks¾fõo [dKhs'
 72
7' uq[Ñ;=luH;d [dKh(-
ixialdr O¾uhka úo¾Ykdjg ke.+ fyhska fjkodg jvd
meyeÈ,sj fjka ù fmfkhs' fkd fmkS ;sîula ke;s ;rïh'
fmfkk;dla O¾ufhda iekeis,s iys; fkd fj;s' uyd wd§kj rdYs
jYfhka fmfkkakdy' i;a;djdi jYfhka we;s ukqIH" n%yaudÈ
lsisÿ ;ekla i;=gg fya;= fkd jk nj u jegefyhs' fufia
l<lSÍfuka" tmdù fuka fmfkk tA O¾uj,ska fjka ùug ish,a,
yer m,dhEug fkd kej;S ÈjhEug woyi fok kqjKska hq;a
úo¾Ykd [dK uq[aÑ;=luH;d [dKhhs'
8' máiXLd [dKh(-
kej; úuiSfï kqjKhs' fhda.djprhd ;udg bÈßm;a yeu
me;af;ka u fmfkk O¾uhka f.ka ñ§ m,d hdu ie,l=fõh' tys
§ kshu wkaoñka th isÿlsÍug;a" blaukska isÿlsÍug;a .kakg
ms<sjka W;aidy fldg" i,ld n,kakg ms<sjka l%uhka weiqre
lrñka Wmdfhys fh§ u Tyqg wh;a jevhfõ' tA i|yd i;<sia
wdldrhlska fkdfhla w;ska wd§kj /ila nj i,ld ne,Sï jYfhka
uekeúka b;d me;sr.;a wkaoñka mj;akd úmiaikd [dKh kï
fuhhs'
9' ixLdrefmlLd [dKh(-
fï O¾uhka ms<ns |j fkdfhla w;ska wd§kj /ila we;s nj
fyd|g f;areï .sh miq ixXLdr O¾uhka ys hï wdidfjla ù kï th
f.ù f.diah' O¾uhka fufkys lsÍfï;a" ,laIKhka fiùfï;a
jHdmdrh keje;s f.dia ;sfí' ñ§fï Wmdh ,o fyhska n,j;a
jHdmdrfhl=;a ke;' n,j;a Wkkaÿjla ke;' fufkys lsÍfula o
ke;' fufkys fkd lsÍfula o ke;' iu jHdhdufhlska ixialdrhka
mß.%yh o flfrhs' Nhl=;a ke;' kkaÈhl=;a ke;' tla wdldrfhlska
i,a,laLK Ñ;a; mrïmrdj f.dkq fjñka meje;s WodiSk
iajNdjfhka hql;a fjhs' funÿ jQ úo¾Ykd [dKh ixLdrefmlaLd
[dKhhs'
73
10' wkqf,dau [dKh(-
úo¾Ykd {dk mrïmrdj fï olajd fudarñka mej;=fKah'
wkqrEm wkaoñka m%;Hh ,eîfuka jevqfKah' tys m%;sM, mËh
Wodr wkaoñka bÈßhg we;af;ah' th bis,Sug iu¾:Ndjfhka
wkqf,dï jk [dKh" wkqf,du [dKhhs' ud¾. Mf,da;m a ;a;h
s g
wkqf,dï jQ :du n,fhka iïmQ¾K úo¾Ykd [dKh" wkqf,dau
[dKhhs' ,ËK;%h uekúka m%lg jk fyhska miq.sh [dKhg
fyda wkqf,dï [dKhhs' Wmß ud¾.hkg o fuh wkqf,dï fjhs"
mßl¾u moÜGdk Ndjfhka mj;akd fyhsks'
iu: Ndjkdj
fï i|yd l¾uia:dk i;<sila we;snj uq, § olajk ,oafoah'
thska lisK Ndjkdj f,fyis ke;' wY=N Ndjkdjka ,;a ,;a
úgl lsÍug Wkkaÿ úh hq;=h' wkqiai;s Ndjkdjka w;=frys
nqoaOdkqiai;s Ndjkdfõ merKs l%uhla fuys olajkq ,efí' th
ksu,j wrKH fiakdikdêm;s .re Oïu;s,l iajdóka jykafia
úiska iajlSh wdpd¾h mrïmrdfõ W.ekaùu wkqj ilia lrk
,oafoah'
nqoO
a dkqii
a ;s Ndjkdj
nqoaOdkqiai;s Ndjkdj lrkq leue;a; yq úiska uq,ska
nqoaOdkqiai;s l¾uia:dkh w¾: iys; j .=Kmo kjh fjka fjka
jYfhka ukd fldg W.; hq;=h' wk;=rej úfõl ia:dkfhl
myiq mßÈ jdä ù nqÿrcdKka jykaiaf.a rEmldh iy O¾uldh
hk folska m<uq fldg rEmldh iïm;a;sh fufkys l< hq;=h'
thg b;du iqÿiq l%uh¦ meyem;a jQ;a" fydo yevyqrelñka hq;=
jQ;a" nqÿrejla imhd f.k th ;uka wìhi ^bÈßfha& ;nd" ysi-
lK-keyeh-uqyK q -w;a-md wdÈh ms<f
s j,ska uqÿfkys isg my<g;a"
 74 75

my< isg uqÿkg;a úuiqï iys; j n,ñka nqoaOrEmh wruqKq fid N.jd" b;sms wkqF;frd mqßiouu idrÒ
lsÍuh' fid N.jd" b;sms iF:d fojukqiidkx
wei mshd n,k úg;a ys;g fyd¢ka nqÿrej fmkShk;dla u fid N.jd" b;sms nqfoOd
tfia rEmh wruqKq lsÍu ÈhqKq lr .; hq;h
= ' wei mshd f.k n,k fid N.jd" b;sms N.jd
úg nqoO
a rEmh ;uka bÈßfha isák fia fmfka kï¦ nqoO a drïuKh fï mo úks¾fNda. fldgi w¾: jYfhka i,ld Ndjkdj
my< jQ njg tA ,l=Kls' m%.=K lr .;a miq tla tla .=Kh úia;r jYfhka my; ioyka
tA my< jQ nqoO
a drïuKh u wruqKq fldg .ksñka nqoO
a dkqii
a ;s whqre Ndjkd lrkq uekú'
Ndjkdj wdrïN l< hq;= h' wdrïNfha § uq,ska u
Ndjkd jdlHh
—nqoOii wF;dkx mßppcdñ' mßppfF;d fï wF;d' nqfoOd
fï irKx jrx' tf;k ippjfcck fyd;= fu chuX.,x' woOd
—wryx˜
budh mámF;shd crd urKuyd mßuq[Ñiidñ) hkqfhka ;=kja rla 1' fid N.jd" lsf,idkx wdrlF;d" b;sms" wryx
lshd nqÿkg wd;au mß;Hd.h l< hq;=h' 2' fid N.jd" lsf,idkx y;F;d" b;sm"s wryx
tfia fldg —b;sms fid N.jd wryx˜ hkd§ Ndjkd l¾uia:dkh 3' fid N.jd" ixidrpClii y;F;d" b;sm"s wryx
;=kajrla lshd kj uyd .=K w;=ßka tl tl nqÿ .=Kh fufkys 4' fid N.jd" mQcdh wdryJ;d" b;sms" wryx
flfrñka Ndjkdj ÈhqKqlr .ekSfuys W;aidyj;a úh hq;=h' 5' fid N.jd" mdmdkx wlrkf;d" b;sm"s wryx
b;sms - fid N.jd - wryx - iuudiunqfoOd - úccdprK
—iuudiunqfoOd˜
iumfJkd - iq.f;d - f,dlúÿ - wkqF;frd mqßiouu idrÓ - iF:d
1' fid N.jd" wNsf[[hH Ouudkx iuud wNs[[d;F;d"
fojukqiidkx - nqfoOd - N.jd'
b;sm"s iuudiunqfoOd
mo úks¾fNda.h 2' fid N.jd" mßf[[hH Ouudkx iuud mß[[d;F;d"
fid N.jd" b;sms wryx b;sm"s iuudiunqfoOd
fid N.jd" b;sms iuudiunqfoOd 3' fid N.jd" myd;nn Ouudkx iuud mySkF;d"
fid N.jd" b;sms úccdprK iumfJkd b;sm"s iuudiunqfoOd
fid N.jd" b;sms iq.f;d 4' fid N.jd" ipýld;nn Ouudkx iuud ipÑl;F;d"
fid N.jd" b;sms f,dlú¥ b;sm"s iuudiunqfoOd
5' fid N.jd" Ndfj;nn Ouudkx iuud Ndú;F;d"
* nqÿkg osúh mQcd flfrñ' u úiska Èúh mqok ,oafoah' nqÿrc ug W;=ï msysgh tA i;a
f;Èka ug hym;la fõjdæ fï ms<sfj;ska tAldka;fhka crd-urKhkaf.ka ñfokafkïjd'
b;sm"s iuudiunqfoOd
 76
—úccdprK iumfKKd˜
1' fid N.jd" ;Sys úccdys iuJkd.;F;d"
b;sm"s úccdprK iumfKKd
2' fid N.jd" w`Gys úccdys iuJkd.;F;d"
b;sm"s úccdprK iumfKKd
3' fid N.jd" mKKriZys prKOfuuys iuJkd.;F;d"
b;sm"s úccdprK iumfKKd
—iq.f;d˜
1' fid N.jd" iq.;F;d" b;sm"s iq.f;d
2' fid N.jd" iq.;F;d" b;sm"s iq.f;d
3' fid N.jd" fidyk.ukx .;F;d" b;sm"s iq.f;d
4' fid N.jd" iqJorx Gdkx .;F;d" b;sms" iq.f;d
—f,dlú¥˜
1' fid N.jd" iF; f,dlx - iNdjf;d" iuqohf;d
ksfrdOf;d" ksfrdOqmdhf;d" úÈ;;;d" b;sm"s f,dlú¥
2' fid N.jd" Tldif,dlx - iNdjf;d" iuqohf;d
ksfrdOf;d" ksfrdOqmdhf;d" úÈ;F;d" b;sm"s f,dlú¥
3' fid N.jd" ixLdrf,dlx - iNdjf;d" iuqohf;d
ksfrdOf;d" ksfrdOqmdhf;d" úÈ;F;d" b;sm"s f,dlú¥
4' fid N.jd" inn:d úÈ; f,dlF;d" b;sms" f,dlú¥
—wkqF;frd mqßiouuidrÒ˜
1' fid N.jd" oñ;nndrfy ;srpPdk mqßfi oñ;F;d
b;sm"s wkqF;frd mqßiouuidrÒ
2' fid N.jd" oñ;nndrfy ukqiimqßfi oñ;F;d
b;sm"s wkqF;frd mqßiouuidrÒ
77
3' fid N.jd" oñ;nndrfy wukqiimqßfi oñ;F;d
b;sm"s wkqF;frd mqßiouuidrÒ
—iF:d fojukqiidkx˜
1' fid N.jd" bO f,dlfF:k fojukqiidkx
wkqidis;F;d" b;sm"s iF:d fojukqiidkx
2' fid N.jd" mrf,dlfF:k fojukqiidkx
wkqidis;F;d" b;sm"s iF:d fojukqiidkx
3' fid N.jd" mrufF:k fojukqiidkx
wkqidis;F;d" b;sm"s iF:d fojukqiidkx
—nqfoOd˜
1' fid N.jd" ÿCLippx nqc¯;F;d" b;sms" nqfoOd
2' fid N.jd" iuqohippx nqc¯;F;d" b;sms" nqfoOd
3' fid N.jd" ksfrdOippx nqc¯;F;d" b;sms" nqfoOd
4' fid N.jd" u..ippx nqc¯;F;d" b;sms" nqfoOd
—N.jd˜
1' fid N.jd" hiuyJ;;dh iuJkd.;F;d" b;sms" N.jd
2' fid N.jd" mq[[uyJ;;dh iuJkd.;F;d" b;sm"s N.jd
3' fid N.jd" :duuyJ;;dh iuJkd.;F;d" b;sm"s N.jd
4' fid N.jd" boêuyJ;;dh iuJkd.;F;d" b;sms" N.jd
5' fid N.jd" m[ØuyJ;;dh iuJkd.;F;d" b;sm"s N.jd
6' fid N.jd" N..rd.F;d" b;sm"s N.jd
7' fid N.jd" N..fodiF;d" b;sm"s N.jd
8' fid N.jd" N..fudyF;d" b;sm"s N.jd
9' fid N.jd" Njk;x.;F;d" b;sm"s N.jd
10' fid N.jd" N.HjJk;dh" b;sm"s N.jd
 78 79

fufia kj wryd§ wkJ; .=KialkaOhka is;a i;ka ys 8' ys; nqÿ.=Kh flfrys keó mj;sk wjia:dj
iïm%lSK¾ j iam¾Y lrjñka fï Ndjkd jdlHhka m<uqj 9' ú;¾l úpdr O¾u nqÿ.=Kg nr ùfï wjia:dj
iÊ®dhkd Njkdfjka m%.=K fldg" fojkqj ukisldr jYfhka 10' Wmpdr OHdkhg mQ¾jNd. n,j;a m%S;sh WmÈk wjia:dj
Ndjkd jvkakdg wdksixi M,h ,efnk ikaêia:dk f;f<ils^13&'
11' flf,ia mSvd nr ixis÷jd miaioaêh WmÈk wjia:dj
nqoOdkqii;s ukqhf q F;d NsCLq" 1' iF:ß .drfjd fyd;s" 2' ioOd
12' OHdkhg mQ¾jNd. n,j;a iemh we;sjk wjia:dj
fpmq,,x" 3' i;s fjmq,,x" 4' m[[d fjmq,,x" 5'mS;s nyqf,d fyd;s"
6' ÿCLdêjdik iufF:d" 7' iF:drdixjdi m[[x má,N;s" 8' ÑF;x 13' Wmpdr wjia:dfjys wx. iïmQ¾K OHdkh ,eîu
;:d.;x wdrnNku;s" 9' ú;Cl úpdrd nqoO.=K fmdKd mjF;J;s" hkqfhka Ndjkdj ÈhqKjq g m;ajk ikaê ia:dk f;f<ils' fufia
10' mS;cs dh;s" 11' miioê fyd;s" 12' iqLx iudê;s" 13' Wmpdr ®dkx oek —oeka fï ikaê ia:dkh blaujd oeka fï ikaê ia:dkhg
fyd;s hk wdksixi wjia:d oy;=kh' meñKsfhñ˜hs lshd ikaê ia:dk .ek úuis,s iys; j Ndjkd j;
nqoO
a dkqii a ;s Ndjkd jeãu i|yd m%n, l=Y,pPkaohla" ´kE msßh hq;=hs'
lula we;s njh" ù¾h h" kqjK h" bjiSu h hk i;r fhda. wdkdmdk i;s Ndjkdj
.=Kfhka Wmldr ,nñka mgka .ekSfï isg ms<sfj,ska Ndjkdj fï Ndjkdj w;s úia;r m%dma; l%u rdYshlska m%ldYhg meñK
ÈhqKq ù h;a u znqoaOf.!rjZ wd§ fodf<diajeks ikaê ia:dkh ;sfí' wdk-wmdk kï jQ YdÍßl jdhqj wruqKq flg f.k mj;akd
iïmQ¾K fjkjd;a iu. u ,efnk zWmpdrZ wjia:dfõ § ldudjpr fï Ndjkd l%uh fn!oaO l%ufhka u;= ù ÈhqKqjg m;a fndfyda
my;a ;;a;j a h blaujd wx. milska hql; a jQ Wmpdr OHdkh my< b.ekaùï j, wo mj;afkah' nqoaO foaYkdfõ u i|yka mßÈ
jkafkah' nqÿrcdKka jykaiaf.a my< ùug m%:ufhka o fï Ndjkd l%ufha
fuu nqoO a dkqii
a ;s Ndjkdj jeãfï § nqoO a f.!rj wjia:dfõ uq,a fldgia meje;s nj is;d .kSug lreKq ;sfí' fï wdkdmdk
isg Wmpdr OHdkh ,eîu olajd ÈhqKq úh hq;= ikaêia:dk f;f<i Ndjkdj nqoaO foaYkdfõ ;rï b;d Wiia wkaoñka W.kajd Æ
meyeÈ<s j fufiah' fjk;a ;ekla ke;' tys úia;rhla fun÷ l=vd ksnkaOkfhlska
1' nqoOa f.!rjh ÈhqKù q fï wjia:dj m%ldY lsÍug fkd yelsh' Ndjkdjka ms<sn| wdrïNh wdÈ fldg
2' Y%oO a dj ÈhqKù q fï wjia:dj we;s lsishï úia;rhla iemehSu;a thska lSmhla ms<sn| WmfoaY
ud¾.h mejeiSu;a fuys woyi fyhska tn÷ §¾> úia;rfhda fuys
3' nqÿ.=K wruqfKys is; msyà s fï i;sh ÈhqKq jk wjia:dj
we;=<;a fkd fj;a'
4' Ndjkd m%{dj ÈhqKq ùfï wjia:dj
wdkdmdk i;s Ndjkdfõ fldgia fid<ils'
5' Ndjkd m%S;sh ÈhqKq ùfï wjia:dj
tA fufiahs'
6' YÍr.; ÿla mSvd bjiSu ÈhqKq jk wjia:dj
1' §>xjd wiiifJ;d §>x wiiidó;s mcdkd;s
7' —nqÿrÿka iu. jikafkñ˜hs hk yeÕSu we;sjk wjia:dj §>xjd miiifk;d §>x miiidó;s mcdkd;s
 80
2' riixjd wiiifJ;d riix wiiidó;s mcdkd;s
riixjd miiifJ;d riix miiidó;s mcdkd;s
3' innldh máixfõ§ wiiisiidó;s isCL;s
innldh máixfõ§ miiisiidó;s isCL;ss
4' miiuyhx ldhiXLdrx wiiisiidó;s isCL;s
miiuyhx ldhiXLdrx miiisiidó;s isCL;s
5' mS;s máixfõ§ wiiisiidó;s isCL;s
mS;s máixfõ§ miiisiidó;s isCL;s
6' iqL máixfõ§ wiiisiidó;s isCL;s
iqL máixfõ§ miiisiidó;s isCL;s
7' Ñ;; ixLdr máixfõ§ wiiisiidó;s isCL;s
Ñ;; ixLdr máixfõ§ miiisiidó;s isCL;s
8' miiuyhx ÑF; ixLdr wiiisiidó;s isCL;s
miiuyhx ÑF; ixLdr miiisiidó;s isCL;s
9' ÑF; máixfj§ wiiisiidó;s isCL;s
ÑF; máixfj§ miiisiidó;s isCL;s
10' wNsmmfudohx ÑF;x wiiisiidó;s isCL;s
wNsmmfudohx ÑF;x miiisiidó;s isCL;s
11' iudoyx ÑF;x wiiisiidó;s isCL;s
iudoyx ÑF;x miiisiidó;s isCL;s
12' úfudphx ÑF;x wiiisiidó;s isCL;s
úfudphx ÑF;x miiisiidó;s isCL;s
13' wksppdkqmiiSs wiiisiidó;s isCL;s
wksppdkqiiS miiisiidó;s isCL;ss
14' úrd.dkqmiiS wiiisiidó;s isCL;s
úrd.dkqmiiS miiisiidó;s isCL;s
15' ksfrdOdkqmiiS wiiisiidó;s isCL;s
ksfrdOdkqmiiS miiisiidó;s isCL;s
81
16' máksii.dkqmiiS wiiisiidó;s isCL;s
máksii.dkqmiiS miiisiidó;s isCL;s hkqfjks'
fuys m%Odk jYfhka wjldY fid<fils(-
1' È.g wdYajdi lrñka È.g th lrñ hs okshs' tfia
m%Yajdih lrñka È.g m%Yajdih flfrñ hs okshs'
2' fldgg wdYajdih lrñka fldgg th flfrñ hs okshs'
fldgg m%Yajdih lrñka fldgg th flfrñ hs okshs'
3' ish¨ wdYajdi lh okafka wdYajdi lrñZhs yslf a uhs'
ish¨ m%dYajdi lh okafka m%Yajdi lrñzhs yslafuhs'
4' T,dßl jQ wdYajdi m%Yj a di ixLHd; ldh ixLdrh
ikai÷ s jñka wdYajdi lrñZhss yslafuhs'
T,dßl jQ wdYajdi m%Yj a di ixLHd; ldh ixLdrh
ikai÷ s jñka m%Yajdi lrñZhs yslafuhs'
5' m%S;sh m%lgj ±k .ksñka wdYajdih lrñZhs yslafuhs'
m%S;sh m%lgj ±k .ksñka m%Yajdi lrñZhs yslafuhs'
6' iqLh m%lgj ±k .ksñka wdYajdih lrñZhs yslafuhs'
iqLh m%lgj ±k .ksñka m%Yajdi lrñZhs yslafuhs'
7' fjokd i[a[d hk Ñ;a; ixLdrhka m%lgj ±k .ksñka
wdYajdih lrñZhs yslf a uhs'
tfia m%Yj a dih lrñZhs yslfa uhs'
8' T,dßl jQ Ñ;a; ixLdr jQ i[a[d fõokdjka ikai÷ s jñka
wdYajdih lrñZhs yslafuhs '
tfia m%Yajdih lrñZhs yslafuhs'
9' Ñ;a;h m%lgj ±k .ksñka wdYajdih lrñZhs yslafuhs'
Ñ;a;h m%lgj ±k .ksñka m%Yajdih lrñZhs yslafuhs'
10' is; i;=gq lrjñka wdYajdih lrñZhs yslf
a uhs'
is; i;=gq lrjñka m%Yajdih lrñZhs yslafuhs'
 82
11' is; iuj ;nñka wdYajdih lrñZhs yslafuhs'
is; iuj ;nñka m%Yajdih lrñZhs yslafuhs'
12' is; kSjrKfhka uqojñka wdYajdi lrñZhs yslf a uhs'
is; kSjrKfhka uqojñka m%dYajdih lrñZhs yslafuhs'
13' wks;Hdkqmiaikdj flfrñka wdYajdih lrñZhs yslf a uhs'
tfia u m%Yajdih lrñZhs yslafuhs'
14' fojeoEreï úrd.dkqmiaikdj flrñka wdYajdih lrñZhs
yslafuhs' tfia u m%Yajdih lrñZhs yslafuhs'
15' fojeoEreï ksfrdOdkqmiaikdj flfrñka wdYajdih
lrñZhs yslafuhs' tfia u m%Yajdih lrñZhs yslafuhs'
16' fojoEreï máksii a .a.dkqmiaikdj flfrñka wdYajdi
lrñZhs yslafuhs' tfia u m%Yajdih lrñZhs yslafuhs'
fï jia;= fid<fiys ixfCIam f;areuhs' fuys p;=Il a i;frls'
m% : u p;= I a l h ldhdkq m ia i kd jYfhks ' oa ú ;S h p;= I a l h
fõokdkqmiakd jYfhks' ;D;Sh p;=Ialh Ñ;a;dkqmiaikd
jYfhks' p;=¾: p;=Il a h Oïudkqmiaikd jYfhks' ;jo" fï
m%:u p;=Ila h wdÈlïñl fhda.djprhdf.a iu: l¾uia:dk jYfhka
yd úo¾Ykd l¾uia:dk jYfhka o m%ldYs;h' fiiq p;=Il a ;=k
thska ,;a OHdk we;sj fõokd Ñ;a; Oïudkqmiaikdjka mj;ajk
ieá ±laùug m%ldYs; úh'
wdkdmdk i;s m%Yxidj
—whums fLd NsCLfj wdkdmdk i;s iudê Núf;d nyq,l s f;d
ifJ;d fp j mKSf;dp wfipkúfldp iqfLdp mßydfrd
WmmJkqmmfJk mdmfl wl=if, Ofuu Gdkf;d wJ;rOdfm;s
jQmifu;s˜hkqfjka¦
uyfKks" fï wdkdmdk i;s iudêh o Ndú; nqy, q l
S ; jQfha
Ydka; o" m%Œ; o fõ' wifpksl iqL úyrK o we;af;ah' WmkQmka
83
,dul wl=i, fldgia weis,, a lska u w;=reoyka flfrhs' ikai`s ÿjhs'
fuys i|yka fiiq iudê Ndjkdjkg widOdrK .=Khka i,lk
l,ays weis,,
a l l,la fkd yer fuys fhfokakg is;a fok iq¿ fjhs'
mQ¾jdrïNh(-
fiiq yeu Ndjkdjlg u jvd fï Ndjkdfõ § fiakdikh;a
wdikh;a n,mdk nj ie,lsh hq;h = ' tfyhska ldh úfõlh i,id
.ekSu i|yd wdrKHh, jDlaI uQ,h, Y+kHd.drh hk ia:dk ;=k
i|yka lrk ,oafoah' Ñ;a;fha n,h uq,§ u ;yjqre lr .ekaug"
—ksiSo;s m,,Xlx wdN=ðFjd Wcqx ldhx mKsOdh mßuqLx i;sx
WmgGfmFjd˜ hkq jodrK ,§' W!renoaOdikfhka ys|.ekSu;a"
fl<ska Wmßu isrer ;nd .ekSu;" kdisld.%fha fyda Wvqf;d<
<Õ jÈk ieáfhka wdYajdi m%Yajdi oek .ekSu;a fuhska f;areï
.; hq;= fjhs'
tys W!renoaOdikfhka yqka úg bfíg u iemj;a wdikhla
ie,efikafkah' is; ;ekam;a jkafkah' m<uqfjka m¾hxl nkaOkh
mqyqKq fldg l%ufhka fkd .,jd ;=ka mehla tl wiafka ys£ug
mq¿jkalu ie,eiqfkd;a wdik úch ,efnhs' thska myiqfjka
wdkdmdk mß.%yh l<yels jkafkah' ldhsl fõokd my<
fkd ùug isrer fl<ska ;nd .; hq;= nj olajk fial' kshu
f,iska wdik úch ,nd .; fyd;a Tyqg fï Ndjkdj b;d f,fyis
jkafkah' ne|.;a wdikh w;ßka m;r leãfuka is; ;ekam;a
fkd ùfuka Ndjkdj ÈhqKj q g m;alr .; fkd fykafkah' ilauka
bßhõj fï Ndjkdjg uq, § fkd .e<fmhs' ihkh o kSjrKhg
ys;h' tfyhska ys£u u fhda.H nj ie,elsh hq;=h'
mgka .kakd ieá ±laùug —fid if;dp wiii;s if;d
miii;s˜ hkq jod<y' fuys § fhda.djprhd úiska úfõl fikiqkla
fidhd f.k" m<sfndaO ikais÷jd f.k" is; ieye,a¨ lr f.k"
 84
r;ak;%h lud lrjd .ekSï wdÈh fldg" miqj myiq wkaoñka
NdjkdrïNh l< hq;h= ' tys § m<uqfldg lugyk fyd¢ka f;areï
fldg f.k ;sìh hq;=h' th Wf.kSfï l%u mfils' W..yh"
mßmqpPdh" WmgGdkh" wmmKdh" ,CLKh hkqfjks'
W.a.y kï lugyk fyd|sska Wf.kSuh' mßmqÉPd kï .eg
;eka úpdÍuhs' WmÜGdk kï lugyfkys fh§fï § ,efnk
ksñ;a;d§ jegeySuhs' w¾mKd kï lugykska OHdk ,efnk mßÈ
oekSuhs' ,laLK kï lugyfkys iajNdjhhs' fï lreKq imqrd
oekf.k lugyfkys fhÈh hq;h = ' fï ish,a, tl;= fldg i,lk
úg lugyk imqrd f;areï .ekSu yd ksñ
s ;a; w¾mKdjka jegefyk
ieá yd Ndjkdj jvk ieá oekSu o hk lreKq f;areï .; hq;h = '
tys ukisldr úêh fufiahs(-
1' .Kka lsÍu" 2' wdYajdi m%Yajdihka wkqj isysh .uka
lrùu" 3' wdYajdi m%Yj
a di yefmk ;ekg is; fh§u" 4' is; uekúka
wruqfKys msysgqùu" 5' wks;Hd§ úo¾Ykdj" 6' ud¾. ,dNh" 7' M,
m%dma;sh" 8' m%;HfjËd" hkq tys iïmQ¾K jev ms<sfj<hs'
1' .Kka lsÍu lrkafka mgka .ekafï§ uh' isyf
s hka wdYajdi
m%Yajdi lsÍu hk uq,a woyi wkqj is; ;ekam;a fkd jkafka kï"
.Kka lsÍu we/ôh hq;=h' th lrkafka fufiah'
m<uqfjka uq,k
s a lS f,i iÒrj ys| f.k ndysr wruqKj
q ,ska
is; fjka fldg f.k u| fõ,djla ksYaYío j ys¢kq' isrer foi
is;a fhduq lr wmß.%yKdÈ .=Kfhka hq;a ukisldrh fhdokq'
B<Õg ;udf.a yqiau we;=<g jÈk ieá;a" msg;g kslafuk ieá;a
i,lkq' ´kE lñka yqiau .ekSula fyda msglsÍula fkd fldg
bfí isÿfjk meje;aug is; fhduq lrkq' tfia fhduq lsÍfï§ tA
we;=¿fjk" kslf a uk jdhqj yefmk ;ek uekúka oefkkjd we;'
oeKqkq miq tA oekSu jerÈ ke;s nj f;areï f.k t;ekg is;
85
fhdud jÈk ieáfhka jdhq uKav,h i,lkq' tfia ±kSfï§
we;=¿fjk msg fjk ;ek wkqj ol=Kq kdia mq~qj yd jï kdia
mq~qj hk folskq;a m%lg j oefkk tlla f;dard .ekSu
fhda.djprhdg ndrh'
±ka ;udg tfia oefkk jdhqj —yefmkjd yefmkjd˜ hk
ie,lSu we;sj ndysr wruqKqj,ska is; wE;a fldg" fï Ndjkdj
f.khdu myiq h' —fid if;dj wiii;s if;d miii;s˜ —fya isys
we;sj u wdYajdi lr isys we;sj u m%Yajdi lrhs˜ hkq jodf<a fï
i|yd h' fufia kdisld.%fha fyda Wvq f;df,a fyda is;a fhduq lrk
ksñ;a; jYfhka W.kajd jodf<a nqÿrcdKka jykafia uh' fï yer
fjk ;ekl fï ksñ;a; ;nd .ekSug lrk m%ldYfhl=;a ta
lreKg .e,fma hhs fkd is;uq'
fufia wdrïNfha § we;euqka yg fï l%ufhka u
ÈhqKqjg f.k hd yels fjhs' fyd|g m%lgj ±kSu
wvqjkakg o we;eï whg bv ;sfí' is; thg fyd|g
.e<emS mj;ajd .ekSug oefkk oefkk wdYajdi
m%Yajdihka .Kka lsÍu o uekú' .Kka lsÍfï §
fhda.Syq ol=Kf;a uymg weÕs,a,;a" ueoÕs,a,;a fol
kdiamqvq fofla fome;a;g ;nd tllska ;o fldg"
wksla me;af;ka yqiau we;=<g f.k" fojk me;af;a
weÕs,a, nqre,a fldg" tA me;a;ka msg lrñka oyjgla o
óg m%;smlaI l%ufhka oyjgla oehs fndfyda fõ,djla
lsÍfuka wdYajdi m%Yajdi fol m%lgj oek.kakdy'
m%lg fldg oek .ekSug fuh Wmldr fjhs' miqj
idudkH l%uhg neiai yelsfjhs'
uq, § wdYajdi m%Yajdi fofla u ksñ;a;dOdrfhka is; ;eka
m;a lr.ekSug th .Kka lsÍu myiq jefvls' tA .Kka lsÍu
fohdldrfhlska ,efí' fyñka yqiua jefgk úg tla yqiu
a jdrhlg
 86
fo;=ka jdrhla tl .Kk u jHjydr lrkakg isÿfjhs' yqiau
jdrh blaukajk úg lSmhla tl;= fldg tl;= .Kk i,lkakg
isÿfjhs' fï folays § u oyfhka by<g o" mfyka my<g o .Kka
kduhka fkd we,a,h s hq;h
= ' .Kkg is; ne£fuka Ë‚l iudêh
my< fjhs' th;a m%;smË kSjrKhkaf.ka wE;a fyhska n,j;a
fjhs' wdYajdi m%Yajdihka we;=<g jÈk ieá fyda msgfjk ieá
fyda fkd f.k jÈk ;ekg is; fhdod t;ek jefoñka mj;akd
ieá i,ld f.k È.g u fï Ndjkdj lrf.k hd hq;=h'
fuys § jerÈ follg bv ;sfí' we;=<g jÈk msg;g kslf a uk
ieá uq, isg w.g;a" w. isg uq,g;a i,lkakg ùfuka my<jk
jerÈ yeÕSï tflls' wfkl kï wdYajdi m%Yj a dihka ishï
q ùfuka
fkd oekS hdu ksid my< jk pxp, Ndjhhs' fï fofjks lrefKa
§ l< hq;af;a ishqï wdYajdi m%Yajdihka jqj;a jegfyk wkaoug
;uka l,ska is; fhdojd .;a ksñ;a;g is; fhduq fldg úuid
ne,Suh' b;d ishï q wkaoñka wdYajdi m%Yj
a dihka jegfykq oefkhs'
th l%ufhka ÈhqKq lr .; yels fjhs' ÈhqKq lsÍu kï is;g
±fkk wkaoug mj;ajd .ekSuhs' fï .Kka lsÍu ke;sj u wdYajdi
- m%Yj
a di - wdrïuKfhys is; ne§fuka isák ;dla fuys fh§uh
fuys kshu woyi'
fuh fufia ÈhqKq jQ miq fojk l%uhg neiai hq;=h' tkï
wdYajdi m%Yajdihka wkqj isysh .uka lrùuhs' .Kkska ;ekam;a
jQ is;g w;rla fkd isák fia isysfhka wdYajdi m%Yajdihka
wkq.ukh l< yels jkafkah' fuys § is;g;a oefkkafka kshñ;
;ek wdYajdi m%Yajdihka je§uh' tfia ke;akï is; iudêu;a
ùuh' uq,ska i|yka mßÈ ;=ka jk i;r jk l%uhka iemehSug
fjk u jev ms<f s j,la ke;' tfyhska jefok jefok ;eka .Kka
lrñka .Kkska ie,elSu fjhs' je§fuka o ie,elSu fjhs'
87
fuu {dkdkaú; jev ms<sfjf<a isÿùï ;=kla m%lg fjhs'
1' ù¾hfha ÈhqKqj fmfkhs' tA ÈhqKqj kï Ndjkdj fndfyda
fõ,djla lr f.k mj;ajd f.k hdug ms<j s ka wkaoñka lh iqÿiq
ùu o" tys fndfyda fõ,djla ;nd .ekSug ms<sjka wkaoñka is;
iqÿiq ùu o hk fuh tla isoaêfhls'
2' Ndjkdkqfhda.hg iqÿiq j meje;au fojekak h' tkï
wdYajdi m%Yajdihka fj; is; fhdojd ,Sfuka ndysr fkdfhla
wruqKj q ,ska is; úfõlh ,nhs' tA úfõlfha n,fhka kSjrKfhda
ikaifs |kakdy' ú;¾lfhda ikaif s |kakdy' fuhska fhda.djprhdg
,efnkafka uy;a iekeis,f a ,ls' fuh fojk isoêa hhs'
3' Ndjkdfjka úfYa I .= K hla ,eìh hq ; = h ' tkï
ixfhdackhka myùu yd wkqYh ;=kSùuh' fuh ;=kajk isoaêhhs'
fï isoaê;%h ke;akï fuh iuHla m%;sm;a;sfhla fkdfõ'
fï isÿùï ksid ndysr m%;sM, rdYshl=;a fï fhda.djprhdg
w;am;a jkafkah' fjkod fkd ue;s hf:dla; .=K ksid is;
fkd kj;ajd Ndjkdj lrf.k hd hq;= jkafkah' isrer nr ke;sj
wyig kefÕk ieáhg fmkqK;a is; fjkia fkd fldg Ndjkdj
lr f.k hd hq;=h' wruqK fyd|g u ishqï jqj;a" fkd fmkS .sh;a
tA iuÕ ;j;a fkdfhla foa fmkqK;a tA .ek is; fhÈh hq;=
fkdfõ' tA meyeÈ,s wruqKg u iïnkaOj th yd fjkia fkdù
wdkdmdk i;s ksñ;a; my< jk ;=re fkd miqng jefvys fhÈh
hq;=h' tA jegeySu tA tA mqoa.,hkaf.a yeáhg lSm wdldrfhlska isÿ
fjhs' we;euqka yg bUq,a mq¿ka" lmq mq¿ka leá fuka o" we;euqka
yg jd; Odrdjla fuka o jegefy;eZhs lsh;s' fï iïnkaO fkdfhla
woyia ;sfí' tys fh§ fï ;dla Ndjkd ud¾.fha .uka l<
fhda.djprhdg fuys ;;= meyeÈ,sj jegefykq we;'
—ksñF;x wiidi miidid - wdruuKfulúF;ii
cdkf;dp ;fhd Ofuu - Njkd Wm,NnN;s˜
 88 89

hkq jod< fyhs k a ks ñ ;a ; drïuKh" wia i drïuKh" Tjqyq fufia hs(-

miaiidrïuKh hk ;=k tlg tl;= jk ieá okakd ;eke;a;d 1' iqjfia ksohs'
yg Ndjkd m%;M s , iuDoaO fjhs' hf:dla;dldrfhka ksñ;a; jevqKq
2' iqjfia wjÈfjhs'
miq m%;sNd. ksñ;a;hs" tys Gmkd jYfhka ukisldrh meje;aúh
hq;=h' tkï(- 3' kmqre isysk fkd fmfkhs'
—ksñF; Gmhx ÑF;x - kd kd ldrx úNdjhx 4' ñksiqka yg m%sh fjhs'
ëfrd wiidimiidfi - ilx ÑF;x ksnJO;s—hs 5' wukqIHhka yg m%sh fjhs'
jod< mßÈ fufkys lrñka" wdYajdi m%Yajdifhka cks; jQ 6' foúfhda rlskakdy'
ksñ;a;fhys oefkk fkdfhla wdldrhka w;=reoyka lrñka
7' Tyqg .sk"s ji" úI" wdhqOj,ska tk Nh fkd meñfKhs'
kqjKe;s fhda.djprhd w¾mKdj iïmQ¾K lr .kafkah'
8' jyd is; iudêhg m;a fjhs'
m%;sNd. wjia:dfõ § fhda.djprhdf.a isf;ys flf<ia
whskaùfuka" kSjrKhka hgm;a ùfuka is; Wmpdr iudêfhka 9' uqL j¾Kh m%ikak fjhs'
iudys; fjhs' fuh j¾K jYfhka fyda ,laIK jYfhka fufkys 10' fkd uq<dj l¿ßh flfrhs'
fkd l< hq;=h' iq/lsj ;nd f.k wimamh i;a j¾.h j¾ckh 11' u;= wry;a u.M, fkd ,oafoa kï n%yauf,dal mrdhk
fldg" imamdh i;a j¾.h fiajkh flfrñka" keje; kej; jkafkah'
fufkys lrñka Èhq K q j g m;a fldg f.k oi jeoEreï
wmamKdfldi,a,h jeäh hq;h = ' ùßh iu;dfõ fhÈh hq;h = ' kej; fï jkdys tA wdksixifhdah' thska wdksixi oihla u
kej; fuys fhfokakd yg ú;lald § OHdkdx. miska hq;a fuf,dj § ,efnk nj ie,lsh hq;=h'
mGu®dk Ñ;a;h my<fõ' fï iïnkaO úia;r o fuhska Tíng fï fu;a lugyk ÈhqKqlr .ekSug leue;a;d úiska
f.k hd hq;= l%uh o u;= jev ms<sfj,ska meyeÈ,s fjkjd we;' m<uqfjka fu;a;dj bf.k .; hq;=h' fu;a l%u i;r ±k.;
wdkdmdk i;sh ÈhqKq ùfuka wka;u s wdYajdi m%Yj
a dih mjd oek.; hq;=h' wruqKg .kakd fldgia i;r o; hq;=h' iSud iïfNaoh o;
yels jkafkah' hq;=h' ´ê jYfhka fu;a me;sr ùu o; hq;=h' wfkdê jYfhka
fu;a lugyk fu;a jeãu o; hq;=h' ÈYd MrKh o; hq;=h' fï ish,a, ±kSfuka
ffu;%h
s kï wkqka fj; ys;is;a meje;a ùu jYfhka meje;s fu;a lugyfka idrdxYh oek.ka;d fjhs'
wfoajIh uehs' th l%udkql+,j wNsj¾Okhg m;alr .ekafuka fu;a l%u i;r kï(-
wOHd;a u fhys b;d Wiia Yla ; s h lf.a my< ùu is ÿ fjhs ' 1' wfjfrdfydñ' 2' wLHdmfccdfydñ' 3' wkSf>dfydñ
n%yu
a úydr kdufhka i|yka jk fï O¾ufhys w.h lshd ksu l<
4' iqÇ wF;dkx mßyrdñ hkqhs'
fkd yelaflah' mgka .;a ;eka mgka fï Ndjkdfõ m%;sM,fhda
ksn|j u ,efnkafkdah' fyd|g ÈhqKq lr.;a ffu;%S Ndjkdfõ tys f;areu¦ 1' uu ffjr ke;s fjïjdæ 2' uu ;ry ke;s
wdksixifhda tfldf<fila jkakdy' fjïjdæ 3' uu ÿla mSvd ke;s fjïjdæ 4' uu iqjm;a fjïjdæ hkqfjks'
 90
wruqKq i;r
ffu;%h
s g wruqK jYfhka m<uqfjka .kafka ;udh' ;udg fu;a
lsÍu i;r wdldrfhka u iïmQ¾K jQ l,ays tla fldgila
iïmQ¾K jkafkah' uq,k s a ±lajf
q Ka tA l%uhhs' tfia fyd|g ÈhqKq lr
.;a ffu;%h
s ;udf.a ys;j;l= fufkys fldg Tyq ffjr ke;s fõjdæ
;ry ke;s fõjdæ ÿla mSvd ke;s fõjdæ iqjm;a fõjdæ hs fufia fojk
fldgi imqrd,sh hq;h = ' fu;a l< hq;h = ' uOHia:hdg o fï i;r
wdldrfhka ÈhqKqjg m;ajk ;=re fu;a l< hq;=h' i;=rdg B<Õg
fu;a l< hq;h = '
;udf.a mgka wrUk fï úIh i;r b;d fyd| l%udkql+,
ms<f
s j<lsk"a l%u i;ßka ffu;%h s g iïnkaO fldg Ndjkdj f.k
hdfï § fuh l%ufhka ÈhqKqjg m;afjhs' fuys ±la jQ ffu;%sh
yÕjk l%u i;r w;=frka tla l%ufhlska ish¨ úIhhka ys fu;a
lsÍfuka iïmQ¾K lr.; yels jkafkah' tlla mqreÿ jQ miq fojk
l%uhla w,a,d .ekSu fhda.djprhd f.a woyi wkqj fjhs' l%u
i;f¾ u we;af;a ffu;%suh yeÕSu jefvk ieáh'
úfYaIfhka ie,elsh hq;(= -
;udg fu;a lsÍfï § wd;au fikyi u;=jkakg bv fkd §
th l< hq;=h' th fyd|g ÈhqKqjg .sh miq isf;a ;ekam;alu
oefkhs' tys § ;udg ;ud ÈhqKq l< ffu;%sh ys;j;dg fhduq
lsÍfuka fojk mshjr ke.sh hq;h = ' tys § is;g wruqKq lr .kakd
ys;j;d iu jQ mQcH .=Kj;a mqoa.,hl= úh hq;=h' mqreIhl=
úiska m<uqfjka fufia ys;j;d jYfhka f;dard .; hq;af;a
mqreIfhla u h' ia;h
s% l úiska thg f;dard .; hq;= ia;h
s% ls' w;s m%h
s ,eîfuka fuu ffu;%S Ndjkdfõ iSud iïfNaoh iïmQ¾K jkafkah'
mqoa.,hd rd.hg fya;=jk neúka idukH m%sh;ajhg muqKqjd
fu;a l< hq;=h'
fufia fu;a lsÍfï § is; tA wruqfKys ;ekam;a ùfuka
kSjrKhka ;=kSj Ë‚l iudêh ,efí' th fndfyda l,la
jeãfuka ndysr yeÕ=fuka f;drj" tA wruqfKka hql; a is; ;ekam;a
91
fldg ;nd .ekSfï Yla;sh ,efí' thska u;a ffu;%sfhka ;ud
ÈhqKq hhs isf;kakg ms<sjk' tfy;a fï ;ju w;ru. nj
i,lkak' ,enQ ;;a;ajh wvqjkakg fkd § ÈhqKq lr .ekSfï
woyi ;sìh hq;=h'
ó<Õg uOHia: mqo. a ,fhl= wruqKq lr ;udf.a uq,a iudêhg
iuje§ is; ÈhqKq fldgf.k' uOHia:hd m%sh Ndjhg yrjd f.k"
Tyq flfrys mQ¾fjdala; l%ufhka fu;a lrkq' fndfyda l,la tys
fhfok úg uq,a m%sh yeÕSug meñK tl u iudê ksñ;a;la njg
m;a fjkjd we;' thska o ÈhqKq jQ is; kej; kej; iuje§fuka"
n,j;a fldg f.k wm%sh i;=rd o wruqKq fldg" Tyq m<uqfjka
uOHia: ;;a;j a hg muqKj q d" B<Õg m%h
s ;;a;j
a hg f.k mQ¾fjdal; a
l%ufhka fu;a l< hq;h = ' th iïmQ¾K ùfï § o wm%h s i;=re yeÕSï
ke;sj tlu m%sh yeÕSfuka iudê ksñ;a; ÈhqKq jkafkah'
fufia ;ud o" ;u m%shhd o" uOHia:hd o" wm%shhd o hk
fldgia i;frys m<uqfjka meje;s iSud i;r f.ùf.dia tl;ajhg
m;a ùfuka —ish¨ i;a;j a ˜ hkq fjka wd,ïnk idudkH is;k s a .;
yels jkafkah' tl, Tyqg¦
1' ish¨ i;a;ajfhda ffjr ke;s fj;ajdæ
2' ish¨ i;a;ajfhda ;ry ke;s fj;ajdæ
3' ish¨ i;a;ajfhda ÿla mSvd ke;s fj;ajdæ
4' ish¨ i;a;ja fhda iqjm;a fj;ajdæ
hkqfjka i;r wdldrfhlska fu;a jeãug ms<sjka fjhs'
ish¨ flgia tl;ajfhka ie,elSug ms<sjkajk Ñ;a; iuêh
hf:dla; jQ i;rdldrfhka u ish¨ m%dKSyh q " ish¨ N+;fhdah"
ish, mqoa.,fhdah" ish¨ wd;auNdj we;af;dah hk fï fldgia
wruqKg .ekSï jYfhka o fu;a jeãfuka fuu Wmpdr OHdkh
wfkdaê jYfhka úis wdldrfhlska ,efnkafkah' fufiau Tê
jYfhka ,efnk¦
 92
1' ish¨ ia;y
S% "q 2' ish¨ mqreIfhda" 3' ish¨ wd¾hfhda' 4' ish¨
wkd¾hfhda" 5' ish¨ foúfhda" 6' ish¨ ukqIHfhda" 7' ish¨
wukqIHfhda" 8' ish¨ úksmd;slfhda hk fï fldgia wg o ms<f
wruqKg f.k mQ¾fjdal; a i;r wdldrfhka fu;a jeãfuka Wmpdr
OHdk úis wgla ,efnkafkah' fufia fï ´ê-wfkdaê hk
fofldgi u tl;=ùfuka idudêh ,efnk l%ufhda wgid<sfila
^48& jkakdy' fuf;la fï fhda.djprhdyg fuys fh§fuka" Tyq
;=< uq, È ;=nq ÿn,lï uelS f.dia" ú;¾l wd§ OHdkdx.hka Yla;u
j my<ùfuka" kSjrKhka úlaLïyk hgm;a ùfuka hf:dla;
i;a;j a ksñ;a; wruqKq fldg f.k m%:u OHdk ú;a;h my< fjhs'
th ±kf.k thg keje; keje; iuje§fuka o" tys we;s
OHdkdx.hka tlla mdid wkqf,dau m%;f s ,dau jYfhka m%;HdfjlaId
lsÍfuka o th jiSNdjhg m;alr .; hq;=h'
fuys§ ÈhqKq jQ iudêu;a is;la msßySug o" we;s jQ iudêhla
je<yShdug o fya;=jk wimamdh lreKq jQ¦
wdjdfid f.dpfrd Nix
mq..f,d fNdckx W;="
bßhdmf:d;s ifF; f;
wimmdfh újccfhZhs
m%ldYs; jQ iudê ÈhqKj q g ndOl jQ wdjdih" f.dÿre.u" l:dj"
mqo.
a ,hd" fkd ksis wdydr" iD;=j yd bßhõj hk fï i;ska ÿrej
iudê ÈhqKj q g Wmldr jQ" imamdh jQ lreKq i; fiajkh lrñka
;ud ÿlfia ,nd.;a fuu W;=ï .=Kh ;yjqre lr.ekSug W;aidy
.; hq;h = '
fuys§ fhda.djprhd úiska ie,elsh hq;= jkqfha" ;udf.a
wOHd;añl .=Kfha ;;a;ajh i,ld thg i¾jm%ldrfhka wyslr
foa;a" ys;lr foa;a ms<sn| úfõpkhla ;nd .ekSuh' b;d l=vd
wys;lr foa;a .=K úkdYhg fya;=jk ieá fyd¢ka f;areï f.k
isáh hq;=h' iudêhg m%;smË l:d lshk mqoa.,hka ÿßka ÿre
93
lghq;=h' ia:dk yd fNdck o iD;=j o ;udyg n,mj;ajk ieá
f;areï f.k isáh hq;=h'
s j,ska ;jo w¾mKdfõ ÈhqKj q g fya;j= k" mßIaldrdÈh msßisÿj ;nd
.ekSu ioaOd § bkaøhs hka iu;djg muqKj q d,Su" ksñ;a; l=i,;dj"
is;g ks.%y m%.%y WfmlaIdjka §ug iqÿiq wjia:dfõ th lsÍu"
wiudys; mqoa.,hka ÿr,Su" iudys; mqoa.,hka weiqre lsÍu hk
fïjd iïmQ¾K lsÍug is;g .; hq;=h'
s ;a
fufia ,nd.;a ffu;%S OHdkh ÈhqKqj i|yd Èid MrKfhys
fhÈh hq;=h' Èid MrKh kï Èidjka wkqj tys i;a;ajhkg fu;a
me;srùuhs" ;ud jik ;ek mgka wrUd" tys fu;a m;=rejd" B<Õ
f.hs jeishka wruqKq fldg f.k fu;a lrkq' fufia uq¿ .fï o"
uq¨ Èjhsfka o" ilaj< o" wkka; ilaj< o me;sr hkfia fu;a
lsßu fuys fu;a m;=rejk l%uhhs'
Èid MrKfha ms<sfj<
1' kef.kysr È. ish¨ i;a;j a fhda hkd§ úiska 48 wdldrfhls'
2' ol=Kq È. o tfia i;<sia wg wdldrfhls'
3' ngysr È. o tfia i;<sia wg wdldrfhls'
4' W;=re È. o tfia i;<sia wg wdldrfhls'
5-10' tA wkq È.a i;r yd Wv hg o" tfia u i;<sia wg" i;<sia
wg ne.ska wdldr ,efnk fyhska fï Èid MrKh 480 wdldr
fhlska ,efí' uq,ska i|yka l< Tê wfkdê 48 la tl;= ùfuka
528 l%uhla w¾mKd iudê fuhska ,efnk nj ie<lsh hq;='
fhdp fuF;x Ndjh;s - wmmudKx m;siif;d
;kq ixfhdckd fydJ;s - miif;d wu;x mox
hï mqoa.,fhla isysh we;sj ksjka wruqKq fldg wm%udK
jYfhka ffu;%h s jvkafka kï Tyqf.a ixfhdackfhda ;=kS jkakdy'
 94
iu:hdksl úo¾Ykdj
iu:hdkslhd uq,ska f;dardfok ,oafoah' Tyq weiqre l<
l¾uia:dkh wkqj fyf;u wdldr lSmhlg fn§ hhs'
—bfOlfppd mGux Wmpdr iudêx jd wmmKd iudêx jd
Wmmdfo;s" whx iuf;d' fid ;[p ;x iumhqF; Ofuu
wksppd§ys úmii;s" whx úmiikd' b;s mGux iuf:d" mpPd
úmiikd" f;k jqpp;s" iu: mqnnX.ud úmiikx Ndfj;S˜;s
hkq idudkH l%uhhs'
fï Ydikfhys tla mqoa.,fhla m<uqfjka Wmpdr iudêh
fyda w¾mKd iudêh fyda Wmojhs' fuh iu:hhs' fyf;u tA iudêh
o" tA idudê Ñ;a;h yd iïm%hqla; Miai wd§ O¾u wks;H wd§
idudkH ,ËK wkqj úo¾Ykdj mj;ajhs' fuh úo¾Ykdjhs' fufia
m<uqj iu:hhs' miqj úo¾Ykdjhs' tfyhska —iu: mQ¾jx.u fyj;a
iu:h uq,f a ldg .;a úo¾Ykdj hhs lshkq ,efí˜ hkq tys woyihs'
iu:fhka werUqKq úo¾Ykdfõ § jqj;a iïuikh we;s jqj
uekj' kdu rEm mßfÉPo [dKdÈh we;s jqj uekj' ÈÜÀ úiqoaê
wdÈh we;s jqj uekj' tA {dk o úiqoaê o my< jk wkaoñka
wruqKg .;a O¾uhka ys úo¾Ykdj lrf.k hd hq;=h'
tys § iu: ksñ;a; fkdfhla whqßka ,efnk fyhska iïuik
ms<sfj; o fkdfhla whqßka ,efnk nj ie<lsh hq;=h' fuys
uq,ska m%ldYs; mßÈ OHdk Ñ;a;h;a ;;a iïm%hqla; O¾u;a
iïuikh lsÍu ;j;a l%ufhls' we;eï úg OHdkh ,nd.;a
mqoa.,hka OHdkh wfmaËd fkd fldg" Y=oaO úo¾Ykd l%ufhka
Ndjkdj wrUk nj o ie,lsh hq;= ldrKfhls'
wdkdmdk iu: ksñ;af;ka OHdk Wmojd.;a fhda.djprhl=
th úo¾Ykdjg k.k ieá úY+oê
a ud¾.fha u olajk ,oafoa fufiah'
95
—tjx ksnnF;s; p;=Cl m[plc®dfkd mfkF: NsCLq
i,,CLKd újggkd jfik luugGdkx jfvVFjd mdßiqoêx
mF;=ldfud ;fojcCOdkx m[pkdldfrys jiSmmF;x m.=Kx
lFjd kdu rEmx jjF:fmFjd úmiikx mgGfm;s˜ hkqfjks'
tys woyi fufia hs(-
fufia ksmojk ,o p;=Il a m[apl OHdk we;s uyK jkdys
fï ldhdkqmiaikdfj ys i,a,laLK újÜGkd jYfhka lugyka
jvd mdßY=oaêhg meñfKkq leue;sfha" tA ,o p;=Ial m[apl
OHdkhka flfrys tla OHdkhla wdj¾ckd wd§ m[ap m%ldrfhka
jYs;djg meñKsfha m%.=K fldg" kdu rEmhka jHjia:d fldg"
úo¾Ykdj mgka .kshs˜ hkqhs'
—fidys iudmF;sf;d jqgGdh wiidi miididkx iuqofhd
lrcldfhd p ÑF;[pd;s mii;s" h:dys luudr ...ßhd
Ouudkdh yi;[p mqßiii p ;ccx jdhdux mápp jdf;d
i[pr;s tj fuj ldh[p ÑF;[p mápp wiidi miidid;s
;f;d wiidimiidi[p ldh[p rEmJ;s' ÑF;[p ;x
iumhqF; Ouux p wrEmJ;s˜ jjF:fm;s
ta fhda.s f;fï iudm;a;sfhka ke.S wdYajdi m%Yajdihkaf.a
iuqoh kï lrcldh o" is; o hk fofok hhs n,d hï fia
lUqreiu yq<x .kajk l,ays p¾uh o" mqreIhdf.a ;okqrEm jQ
jHdhduh o ksid jd;h yeisf¾ o" tmßoafoka u lrcldh o" is; o
ksid wdYajdi m%Yajdifhda yeisfr;e hs n,d blaì;af;ka wdYajdi
m%Yajdihka o lh o rEm hhs o" is; o ;;a iïm%hqla; O¾uhka o
wrEm hhs o kshu flfrhs˜ hkq tys Ndjhhs'
fuh i;smÜGdk iQ;% wgqjdfõ ;j;a l%ufhlska ,efí' tys
Ndjh fufiah(s -
wYajdi m%Yj
a dihka wkqj yslf
a ukakyqg wdYajdi m%dYajdihka
ksñ;s fldg we;s i;r OHdkfhda my< jkakdy' fya OHdkfhka
 96
ke.S wdYajdi m%Yj a dihka fyda OHdkdx.hka fyda mß.%yh flfrhs'
thska wdYajdi m%Yj
a dihka fufkys lrkakd jQ fhda.jprhd —wdYajdi
m%Yj
a difhda l=ula weiqre lf<dao@ yDoh jia;j
= hs' th Ñ;a; iuq;:
a dk
j;=ÿ lh fkd yer mj;akd fyhska fkdfyd;a ldh j;a:qj weiqre
flf<ah' j;a:q kï lrcldh hs' lrcldh kï i;r uyd N+;fhda
o" Wmdod rEm o jkakdy˜hs fufia rEm mß.%yh flfrhs' blaì;s
;odrïuK tA wruqKg iïnkaO jQ Miai m[apu O¾ufhda ±hs
fufia kduh o mß.%yh fldg" tA kdu rEm fofokdf.a m%;Hh
ú.%y lrkqfha wúÊcd§ máÉp iuqmamdoh ±l —fï kdu rEmh
jkdys m%;Hh yd m%;Hfhda;amkak o jQ O¾u ud;%fhla uh' thska
msg;a i;a;ajfhla mqoa.,fhla ke;af;ah'˜ fufia ielh myj
hdfuka m%;Hh iys; kdu rEmfhys wks;Hd§ ;%, s ËKh wdfrdamKh
fldg úo¾Ykd jvkqfha l%ufhka wry;ajh .kafkah'
OHdkdx.hka fufkys lrkakd o —fï OHdkdx.fhda l=ula
weiqre lf<dao@ jia;=j weiqre flf<dah' jia;=j kï lrcldh hs'
OHdkdx.fhda kdu hhs' lrcldh rEmh˜ hs fufia kdu rEm iksgy
q ka
fldg Tjqyqf.a m%;Hh fidhkqfha wúÊcd§ m%;Hhdldrh ±l"
—fï kdu rEm hkq m%;Hh m%;Hfhda;amkak O¾u ud;%fhla u h'
wfkla i;a;ajfhla mqoa.,fhla ke;af;a h˜hs iel ke;s fldg
f.k m%;Hh iys; kdu rEmfhys ;%s,ËKh wdfrdamKh fldg"
úo¾Ykd jvñka wkql%ufhka wry;ajhg meñfKhs hkqfjks'
ÈÜÀ úiqoaê l:dfõ m%ldYs; jQfha fufia hs(-
th imhkq leue;s iu:hdkslhd úiska ^iWmpdr OHdkhka
ys msysgd úo¾Ykdfhys fhfokqfha iu:hdksl kñ'& m<uq fldg
Njd.% O¾uhka wdÈl¾ñlhd úiska ÿIamß.%y jk neúka fkji[a[d
kdi[a[dh;kh ;nd fiiq rEmdjpr wrEmdjpr OHdkhka w;=frka
tla;rd OHdkfhlska ke.S" ú;¾ld§ OHdkdx.fhda o" tA ú;¾ld§ka
yd bmÈh hq;= O¾ufhda o ,ËK ri wdÈ jYfhka msßis| o; hq;='
97
fufia mß.%y fldg" fï ish,a, wruqKg wNsuL q j kefuk neúka
kdud¾:fhka kdu kue hs jHjia:d lghq;'= tA kduh mßËd lrkafka
—fï kduh l=ula ksid mj;skf a kaoe—hs fidhkafka tA kduhg ksYh %
jQ yDoh rEmh olsh's blaì;af;ka tA yDoh rEmhg ksYh % jQ i;r uyd
N+;hka o" p;=¾N+;hka ksid mj;akd jQ fiiq Wmdod rEmhka oe hs rEm
mß.%yh flfrhs' fyf;u fï ish¨ rEmh u remakd fyhska rEm
hhs kshu flfrhs' blaì;af;ka wruqKg kefuk ,l=Kq we;af;a
kdu hhs" remakd ,l=Kq we;af;a rEm hhs ixlafIam neúka kdu - rEm
kshu flfrhs hkqfjks' ffu;%s iudêh úo¾Ykdjg ke.Su o Tng
fuhska meyeÈ,s fjkjd we;'
úo¾Ykdhdksl l%uh(-
uq,ska olajk ,oafoa iu:hdksl l%uh hs' úo¾Ykdhdksl
l%uh fuhg fjkia fjhs' tys § wdrïNfha u WmdodkialkaOhkg
we;=<;a O¾u jk mGú wd§ Od;+ka ukisldrdrïuKh i|yd fhdod
f.k tu ukisldr úêh fkd msßfy,d fkd mudj l< hq;= h'
tys WmfoaYh fufia h(-
—bfOlfppd jqF;mmldrx iu:x wkqmmdfoFjd p
m[pqmdodklfJO wksppd§ys úmii;s" whx úmiikd' ;ii
úmiikd mdßmQßhd ;F: cd;dkx Ouudkx jii..druuK;d
Wmmcc;s ÑF;ii tl..;d" whx iuf:d" b;s mGux úmiikd
mpPd iuf:d" f;k jqpp;s úmiikd mqnnX.ux iu:x Ndj;S˜;s
hkqfjks'
tys woyi fufia hs(-
fï iiafkys tla mqoa.,fhla jkdys hf:dala;dldrfhka
Wmpdr - w¾mKd iudê fkd Wmojd u m[apWdmdodk ialkaOhka
wks;HdÈ ,ËK úiska úo¾Ykdj flfrhs' fuh úo¾Ykdj hs'
Tyqf.a úo¾Ykdj iïmQ¾Kùfuka tys yg.;a O¾uhka ksjkg
keófuka" wruqKq fldg mej;Sfuka hï Ñ;a; iudêfhla
 98
my< fõ o" fuh iu:h hs' fufia m%:ufhka úo¾Ykdj h miqj
iu:h hs' tfyhska úo¾Ykdj fmroeß lr.;a iu:h hkq tys
woyi hs'
fuys i|yka mßÈ fï úo¾Ykdj ueo § my< jk fï iudêh
Wmpdr iudêhka w¾mKd iudêh;a hk fol u nj ie,elsh
hq;h
= ' Y=Il
a úo¾Ylhdyg mjd m%:u OHdkdx. iys; j ud¾.h my<
jkafka fuh fyda fuys ÈhqKqfjka nj ie,elsh hq;=h'
ixLdrefmlaLd ØK wjia:dfõ ,efnk fï úfYaI isoaêh
f;areï lr .ekSug fkd yels j ksIl
a drKfha jdo lrk mskj
a ;=kf
a .a
úfõl nqoaêhg¦
—úmiikd kshfuk ys iqCL úmiilii WmmJk uf..dms
iudmF;s,dNsfkd ®dkx mdolx wlFjd WmmJk uf..dms
mGuc®dkx mdolxlFjd mlsKKl ixLdfr iuuisFjd
WmmJk uf..dms mGuc®dksld j fydJ;s˜ hkqfjka úY=oaê
ud¾.fha fhdok ,o mqoa., wjia:d m%fNaoh o m%fhdackj;a
fõ hhs i,luq'
úo¾Ykd {dk mrïmrdfõ wdrïNh iu:h wkqj Ñ;a;
iudêhla ,en.;a mqoa.,hdg fuys § t;rï wmyiqjla we;sùug
we;s bv iaj,amh' tnÿ n,hla ke;s fhda.djprhd yg NdjkdrïNfha
§ fkdfhla wmyiqlï bÈßm;a jkafkah' jeä fj,djla ys| f.k
tl bßhõjla f.ùu ÿIalrh' tn÷ mqo. a ,hdg Ñ;a; iudêh wE;h'
Ndjkd jev bj; ,d m,d hdug fkdfhla úg is;a my< jkafkah'
ys;j;a úYajdi lghq;= l<HdK ñ;% wdY%h ks;r ks;r ,nd .ekSfuka
meñKs meñKs ÿla .ekú,s m%ldY lsÍfuka isf;a nr wvqlr .ekSug
fhda.djprhdg ms<j s k' wdpd¾hjrhdg o meñKs meñKs fjkia lï
wkqj iqÿiq Wmfoia§ug yels jkafkah'
fufia wdpd¾hhka jykafiaf.a wdrËdj Wmfoia iy wjOdkh
hk fïjd o" fhda.djprhdf.a wm%udo úydrh o tl;= ùfuka Ndjkdfõ
99
ukisldr N+ñh jQ uq,a fldgi iï¾mQK lr.; yels jkafkah'
wdpd¾hjrfhl= f.ka fyda fmd;lska fyda l¾uia:dk Ndjkdjla
bf.k f.dia ;ksj Ndjkdfõ fhfokakdg fï iekis,, a fldhska
,efío@ tfyhska Tjqka yg kshu ud¾.fha .uk isÿfõ hkq iel
iys;hs'
tfyhs k a fï fhda . djprhd is h ¨u ukis l dr úêh)
fkd msßfy,d ms<smÈñka weoys,su;a j fuys fhÈh hq;=h' tfia
mj;akd úg hf:dala; iudêh ,efí' thska tlÕ lr .;a is;ska
;j ;j;a ixialdr O¾uhkaf.a h:d ;;a;ajh jegefykakg mgka
.kafkah' fï kqjK ÈhqKjq o thg ndOl flf,iqka whska ùfuka
isÿjkakls' l%ufhka iS, iudê m%{djka wd¾h wIagdx.sl ud¾.
jYfhka jefvk fia m%lg fjhs' úo¾Ykd [dKhg m%;smkaOl
Ndjfhka meje;s flf,ia l%u l%ufhka ;=kS jk fyhska
o¾Ykh o b;d fyd¢ka ud¾.dx.hka f.a meje;aug iqÿiq wkaoñka
my< jkafkah' ÿlaL wd§ wd¾h i;Hhkg wh;a lD;Hhka isÿ
lrñka úo¾Ykd [dKh uia;lm%dma; jkafkah'
fï ms<sn| fiiq úia;r o WmfoaY o fuys i|yka lsÍu
fhda.djprhdf.a ms<sfj;g t;rï Wmfhda.s fkd jk fyhska
fumufKlska fuh iudma; lrkq ,efí'
ks;r isys lrkq
wdrN; ksCLu: - hq[c: nqoO idifk
Oqkd: uppqfkd fikx - k<d.drx j l=[cfrd
m%:udrïN ù¾hh lr jQ' flf,iqka flfrka kslafu jQ' nqÿ
iiafkys fhfo jQ" ng jkhla ì¢k u;e;l= fuka udr fiakdj
m<jd yßjq'
fhd buiñx Ouu úkfh - wmmufF;d úyii;s
mydh cd;s ixidrx - ÿCLiiJ;x lßii;s
 100 101

hfula fï O¾u úkfhys fkd mudj fjfia kï fyf;u Mm, [dKh 15

cd;HdÈ ixidrh ÿre lr ÿla fl<jr lrhs'

oiaik
úiqoaê
lxLdú;rK u.a.du.a.[dK mámod [dK oiaik úiqoaê [dK
u.a. [dKh 14
khsox isÓ, udrnNd - khsox wfmmk :duid
f.d;%N+ [dKh 13
ksnndKx wê.J;nnx - inn .J:mmfudjkx
wkqf,dau [dKh 12
ish¨ flf<ia .eg uqod,k fï ksjk ,sys,a wdrïNfhlska ixLdrefmlaLd [dKh 11

mß[a[d
fyda l=vd ù¾hhlska fyda ,en .; fkdfya'

mydk
máixLd [dKh 10
mudox Nhf;dÈijd - wmmudo[p fLuf;d uq[aÑ;=luH;d [dKh 9
ksíìod [dKh 8
Ndjf:gGX.slx u..x - tid nqoOdkqidikS
wd§kj [dKh 7
mudj Nh jYfhka oel" fkd mudj ks¾Nh jYfhka ±l" Nh [dKh 6

m%{dfõ YÍrh
wd¾h wIagdx.sl ud¾.h jvjq' fuh nqoaOdkqidikdjhs' NX. [dKh 5

úiqoaê[dKd§ ixoiaikh
—hx NsCLfj iF:drd lrKShx idjldkx ysf;iskd

oiaik úiqoaê
wkqCumflk wkqCumx Wmdodh l;x fjd ;x uhd' t;dks

mß[a[d
n,j Wohính [dKh

;SrK
reCL uQ,dks t;dks iq[[d.drdks' ®dh: NslLfj ud mudoF:' ;reK Wohính [dKh
4
ud mpPd úmmáidßfkd wyqjF:' whx fjd wuydlx wkqidikS˜
uyfKks" fiïuik [dKh 3
Y%djlhkg ys;j;a jQ wkqlïmd lrk Ydia;Djrfhl= úiska

úiqoaê
OïuÜÀ;s [dKh
wkqlïmdj i,ld f.k hula l< hq;= kï" th ud úiska lrk

mß[a[d
2 mÉph mß.%y [dKh

[d;
,oa f oa h ' uyfKks " f;, jDla I uQ , fhda h" f;, úfõl h:dN+; [dKh˜
ia:dkfhda h' uyfKks" OHdk lrjq" Ndjkdkqfhda.s jjq" mud —kdu rEm jj;a:dkh˜
fkd jjq" mud ù miqj úms<sirg m;a fkd jjq" fuh f;dmg fok

úiqoaê
ÈÜÀ
—kdu rEm mßÉfþo [dKh˜ 1
wmf.a wkqYdikh hs' —ixLdr mßÉfþo [dKh˜

ËKsl iudêh

úiqoaê
Ñ;a;
u¨ fol Wmpdr iudêh
w¾mKd iudêh

úiqoaê p;= mßY=oaO iS,h

iS,

* mßYsIagfhys ukisldr úêh n,kq

 102
mßYsIg
a h
ukisldr úêh
N+ñN+; O¾uhkays ukisldrh mj;ajd f.k hdu i|yd iq;uh
ØKfha ÈhqKqjg ux mdod,Sula wjYH h'
ta fufiah(-
1' iu:h weiqre fkd fldg m[apialkaOfha ukisldrh
meje;aùfï § l%uh fufia hs(-
mGú" wdfmda" f;fcda" jdhq hk Od;= i;r iajNdj ,ËK
wkqj m%lg j jegefyhs' thska miq ;j;a tys fhfokakd yg tla
- - rEm jHjia:dj flfrhs' m%;Hh mß.%yh fmr mßoafoka uh'
tla fldgia meyeÈ,sj jegfyhs' lïu iuqÜGdk fldgfia Od;=
i;r jegfyhs' tys j¾K" .kaO" ri" ´cd" Ôú;h" ldhm%idoh hk
ldh oilh o" Ndj oilh o" wdydrc" W;=c" Ñ;a;c rEm o jegfyhs'
fï l%ufhka oaj;a;xs idldrfhys fldgia o" f;fcda jdhq fldgia o
jegfyhs' thska miq plaLq oild§ mi o" yDoh jia;=j o" m%lg j
jegfyhs' fufia fï ish,a, remamk ,ËKfhka tlafldg fuh
rEm hhs olshs' fuh fyd¢ka m%lg j ±kqKq miqj oajdr jYfhka
m[ap ú[a[dKdÈ kdufhda m%lg fj;s' fufia kdu rEmh jHjia:d
flfrhs' tys m%;Hh mß.%yh flfrhs' th [d;mß[a[d hs's wks;Hd§
,ËK wkqj iïuikfhka Wohính oelSfuka ,ËKhka ;SrKh
lsÍfuka ;SrK mß[a[d o" Nx.dkqmiaikdfõ mgka u;= wkqmiaikd
fmf<ka mydK mß[a[d o isÿ fjhs'
2' Od;= jYfhka ukisldrfha l%uh fufia hs(-
—mido pCLqj˜ plaLq Od;= hhs fufkys flfrhs' th m%lg j
oefkk fia fufkys lrkakd yg tys we;=<;a i;r uydN+;fhda o"
j¾KdÈh o m%lg j oefk;a' th wkqmd,l Ôú;h o" ldh oil Ndj
103
oilfhda o" wdydrdÈ rEmfhda o jegefy;a' tys iycd; rEm 9 h"
lïuc 20 h" wkqmdÈkakl 24 o hk f;mKila rEmfhda plaLq
Od;=j fkd fj;shs o tlu mido plaLj q u plaLq Od;= hhs o jHjia:d
flfrhs' fida; Od;=" >dk Od;=" ðjyd Od;= o fufia u jHjia:d
flfrhs' ldh Od;=fhys fiiq i;<sila u rEmfhda kqjKg fmfk;a'
fufia fï m%ido mih" Tjqkf a .a úIh jQ rEm" ioao" .kaO" ri"
fMdÜGín hk mi o hk oih o tu oi Od;+yq fj;a' fiiq rEmfhda
Oïu Od;= fj;a' plaLq ú[a[dKdÈ oaúm[ap ú[a[dK Od;= m%lg
fj;a' ufkda Od;= tlh" wg iegla ufkdú[a[dK Od;= hhs lshd
ish¨ tldiqjla f,!lsl Ñ;a;fhda ú[a[dK Od;= i;g fn§ m%lg
fj;s' th yd hqla; jQ Miaid§yq O¾u Od;=h' fufia oihl=;a wvla
Od;= rEmhh' i;l=;a wvla Od;= kdu hhs Od;= wgf<di wkqj kdu
3' wdh;k l%uh wkqj ukisldr úêh(-
plaLqm%ido ud;%h f.k plaLdh;k hhs o" fid;dÈh
fida;dh;kh" >dkdh;kh" ðõydh;kh" ldhdh;kh hs o jHjia:d
flfrhs' Tjqkaf.a u úIh jQ O¾u mi rEmdh;kh" ioaodh;kh"
.JOdh;kh" ridh;kh" fMdÜGíndh;kh hs jHjia:d flfrhs'
f,!lsl ú[a[dK Od;= i; ukdh;k hhs jHjia:d flfrhs'
Tjqka yd iïm%hl
q ;
a MiaidÈh o" fiiq rEm o Oïudh;kh hs jHjia:d
flfrhs' fufia oyil=;a wvla jQ wdh;k rEm hhs o" tll=;a wvla
wdh;k kdu hhs o lshd wdh;k jYfhka kdu rEm mß.%yh
flfrhs' m%;Hh mß.%ydÈh fuys o fmr fia uehs'
4' ialkaO l%uh wkqj kdu rEm jHjia:dj mQ¾fjdal;
a l%uhg jvd
fláhg l< yels h'
tA fufia hs (-
fï isrefrys p;= iuqÜGdk Od;= i;frls' tA Od;=ka weiqfrys
jKaK" .kaO" ri" ´cdh" plaLm q i
% dodÈ mi h" jF:q rEmh" Ndjh"
 104
Ôú;sJøsh" oa ú iuq Ü Gdk Yíoh hk fï i;f<dia rEmfhda
iïuikhg fhda.H fj;s' ldh ú[a[;a;"s jÖú[a[;a;"s wdldi"
Od;= rEm" ,yq;d" uqÿ;d" lïu[a[;d" Wmph" ika;;s" cr;d"
wksÉp;d" hk oih iïuikhg wfhda.H h' fufia fï i;aúiaila
rEmfhda rEmilkaOh hs" tldiqjla f,!lsl is;a yd iu. Wmokd
fõokdfjda fõokdialkaOh hs" tys ix{dfjda ix{dialkaOh hs"
ixLdrfhda ixialdr ialkaOh hs" ú[a[dKh ú[a[dKialkaOh
hs" lshd i,ld rEmialkaOh rEm hhs o wrEmSil
a kaO i;r kdu hhs
o lshd kdu rEm jHjia:dj flfrhs' m%;Hmß.%ydÈh fmr fiauehs'
5' tysu ;j;a ixfËam l%uhla(-
hï;dla rEm wef;d;a" tA ish,a, i;r uydN+;fhda h"
WmdodrEmfhda hhs fldgia follg wh;a h' tA ish,a, rEmh'
ukdh;kh;a Oïudh;kfha fldgil=;a kdu hhs' fufia fï kduh
o rEmh o fõ hhs fláfhka jHjia:d flrhs' m%;Hh mß.%ydÈh
fmr fiaue hs'
6' bJøsh l%uh wkqj(-
uq, § kdu rEm mßÉfþo [dKhg nei.;a l%ufhla fkd olajk
,oafoah' ÿIalr fyhske hs yefÕa' bJøsh foaYkdfõ bJøshfhda
foúiaila fj;s' thska plaL"q fida;" >dk" ðõyd" ldh hk bJøsh
mih" b;aÓJøsh" mqßisJøsh hk i;a bJøshfhda rEmhhs' uksJøshh
fõokdJøsh mi o" ioaOdÈ bJøsh mi o" hk bJøsh tfldf<di kduh
hs' Ôúf;Jøsh kduh;a rEmh;a fõ' wk[a[d;x[iaidóJøsh
w[a[Js øsh w[[d;dúJøsh hk ;=k f,daflda;; a r fyhska fuys
fkd .efka' fufia bJøsh wkqj kdu rEm jHjia:dj flfrhs'
7' i;H jYfhka iïuikhg neiSfï §(-
i;Hhka kdu rEmhg fn§u;a" kdu rEmhkg wh;a foa
i;Hhka wkqj fn§u;a hk fohdldrh u ,efí' fuys i;Hhka
kdu rEm folg fldgia lr oelaùu fufia hs(-
105
ÿlaL i;Hh kduhg;a rEmhg;a we;=<;a O¾u iuQyhla jk
fyhska kduh o rEmh o fõ' iuqoh i;Hh kduhhs' b;=re i;H
fol fuys fkd .kakd ,efí' fufia kdu rEm jHjia:d iïmQ¾K
jkafkah'
8' m%;Hhdldrfhys kdu rEm mßfÉPoh fufiahs(-
tys i|yka wx. fod<fika uq,a wx. ;=k jk wúÊcd" ixLdr"
ú[a[dK hk ;=k kduh hs' isjqjekak;a miajekak;a jk kdu
rEm yd i<dh;k o" kdu o rEm o fjhs' ijk i;ajk wgjk
kjjk Miai" fõokd" ;Kayd" Wmdodk hk wx.fhda kduhhs' oijk
Njh kdu o rEm o fjhs' mYaÑu fol jk cd;s yd crd urK kdu
o rEm o fjhs' fufia fuys kdu rEm mßÉfþo [dKh o; hq;fa ;ah'
9' wdÈ Yíofhka .kakd ,o wdydr jYfhka ukisldr úêh o
ie,elsh hq;=h' tys wdydr i;frls'
w' ln,Sldrdydrh
wd' Miaidydrh
b' ufkdai[afÉ;kdydrh
B' ú[a[dKdydrh hkqfjks'
tys ln,sxldrdydrh kï (- mjJ:ql jYfhka TcÜGul
rEmhhs' thska úo¾Ykdj wrUkakd th fufkys lrhs' tys§
fhda.djprhd yg tys rEm fldgia fnfoñka jegfyñka [dK
m:h mqrd isáhs' thska th yefmk ;ek jk ðõyd m%idoh m%lg j
jegfyhs' th m%lgj oekSfuka miq thg msyg
s jQ i;r uyd N+;fhda
m%lgj jegefykakd y' uq,ska lshk ,o l%uhg ,ËK" ridÈ
jYfhka mGú" wdfmd" f;afcda" jdfhda hk fldgia m%lgj is;g
jegfykakg mgka .kakd y' fufia Tyqg TcÜGulh jegfyhs
m%lgj oefkhs' ðõyd m%idoh m%lgj oefkhs' i;r uyd N+;fhda
m%lgj oefk;a' fufia rEmh remialkaOh hs lshd mß.%yh flfrhs'
 106
th mß.%yfha § iïmq¾K;ajh ksid tA fufkys lsÍfï § iu. my<
jk Ñ;a; Ñ;a;x. jk wrEmialkaO i;r kduh hs m%lgj oefkhs'
fufia m[apialkaOh u m%lg fjhs' fï m[apialkaOh kduh;a
rEmh;a ñi wkH i;a;ajfhla mqoa.,fhla ke;af;a hhs iajNdj
iudkH ,ËK jYfhka jHjia:d flfrhs' Tjqka m%;Hh jYfhka
wkqf,dau máÉpiuqmamdo m%lg fjhs' fufia fï fhda.djprhdyg
ln,sxldrydr ud¾.fhka m%;Hh iys; kdu rEmh m%lgj fmKqkq
fyhska" Ndjkduh [dKhg wjfndaO jQ fyhska [d;mß[a[dj
iïmQ¾Kh'
tys § fï fhda.djprhdg kdu rEm;a tys m%;H rdYsh;a
fufkys lsÍfï § wksÉpdkqmiaikdj my< fjhs' ÿlaLdkqmiaikd"
wk;a ; dkq m ia i kd" ks í ìodkq m ia i kd" úrd.dkq m ia i kd"
ksfrdaOdkqmiaikd" máksiai.a.dkqmiaikd hk wkqmiaikdfjda
i;afok my< fj;a' thska tlla tlla ksid l%ufhka ks;Hh"
Ydiaj;h hk ñ:Hd ix{dj o" iqL ix{dj o" wd;au ksñ;a;
.%yKh o" m%ydKh jk fyhska ;s%úO ,ËKhka m%;sfõO lsÍuh
iïuikh hk {dk l%h s d we;s WohjHh {dkfhka ;SrK mß[a[dj
iïmQ¾K flfrhs' thska Tíng wkqmiaikdjka ÈhqKq ùfuka
úo¾Ykd {dk fl<jr ud¾.{dk ,dNfhka mydkmß[a[dj
iïmQ¾K flfrhs'
Miaidydr" ufkdi[afÉ;kdydr" ú[a[dKdydr hk ;=fka
§ u ,efnkqfha wrEm l¾uia:dkhhs' rEm l¾uia:dkhg jvd th
ishï
q fjhs' tys —Mii˜ kï ixialdr ialkaOhg we;=<;a O¾ufhls'
th ;kslr my< fkdfjhs' is; iu.h my< jkqfha' tA iu.
fõokd o i[a[d o mj;afkah' ialkaO jYfhka kduialkaO i;ru
m%lg jkakdy' tA is;g jia;= jYfhkq;a wdrïuK jYfhkq;a
,efnkafka rEmialkaOhhs' fï kdu rEm fol jHjia:d flg tys
m%;Hh jHjia:d flrhs' fï [d;mß[a[d h'
107
fufia h:djo¾Ykfhka hqla;hdf.a hf:dla; O¾uhka
;%s,laIKhg wdfrdamKh fldg i;a;dkqmiaikdjka wkqj
wks;HdÈ ,ËKfhka ;=,kdj ;SrKmß[a[dj hs'
thska Tíng ks;H ix{d È m%ydKfhka {dk o¾Yk úY=oêa h
.ekau m%ydK mß{djhs' Miaidydrh mß[a[d; fjk úg ;%súO
fõokd;a mß[a[d; fjhs' fuh w¾y;ajh olajd l¾uia:dkh fjhs'
;=kajk i;rjk ;kays ufkdai[afÉ;kd ixLdrialkaOhhs'
ú[a[dKdydrh ú[a[dKialkaOhhs' fiiq úNd. uq, mßoafoka fõ'
fuys m%ldYs; ukisldr úêh foaYkdfhys tA tA ;kays fkdfhla
mßoafoka úia;D; jQfhah' ukisldrfhys m%Odk kS;sh jkqfha
—h:dmdlgx úmiikdNsksfjfid˜hs m%ldYs; mßÈ m%lgj oefkk"
w,ajd .ekSug yels ixialdrfhlska úo¾Ykdj weröuhs' —fï fï
ixialdr fldgia úo¾Ykdjg .ekSu kqiÿq iqh' nqÿ nK fkdfõ˜hhs
mgyeKsj isákakkaf.a iïfudayh fuhska ì£ hkjd we;' tfiau
lugyka i;<sfia mg,eù i;<sia tlajekakla meñKske hs wdvdmd,s
fodvkakjqka yg o fuh u ms<s;=rla fõjdæ
fufkys lsÍu
—iNdj idu[[ ,CLK máfjO jfik mjF; ukisldfrd
fhdksfid ukisldfrd˜
l=Y,d§kaf.a wkjoH iqLúmdldÈh" iam¾Yd§kaf.a MqikdÈh
hk iajNdj ,laIKhdf.a o" wks;Hd§ idudkH ,ËKhdf.a o
m%;sfõO jYfhka m%jD;a; ukisldrh f;fï l=Y,d§kaf.a tA tA
iajNdj ,ËKd§kaf.a ;;a;ajdfndaO jYfhka Wmka cjk
Ñ;af;da;m
a doh u wúmÍ; ukisldr neúka fhdakf
s idukisldrhhs
lshk ,§'
fhdaksfidukisldrh ù¾hh ÈhqKqjg Wmldr fõ' l=iS;
Ndjfhka ,efnk flf,ia le,eô,s fï fhdaksfidukisldrfha
n,fhka bÈßm;a lr.;a ù¾hfhka u.yeÍ hkafkah' Ndjkdfõ
 108
ukisldrfhka ndOl wruqKq bj;aùu o fï wdldrfhka isÿjk
nj ie,elsh hq;= h'
ksrka;r ukisldrh
i;smÜGdk Ndjkdfõ § wdrïNh fkd mud jev ms<f
s j<lska
iaÓr úh hq;=h' tA i|yd fhda.djprhd ;=< meje;sh hq;af;a
fkd fjkia WÜGdk ù¾hfhls'
f,duikd. iajdóka jykafia iE.sßfha mshx.= .=ydfhys
m% O dk>rfhys fjfiñka wka ; rÜGl ys u md; ld,fha
f,dlka;ßlfha ÿl m%;HfjËd fldg lugyk fkd yeru
t<suyfka .; l< fial' tfiau Wkajykafiau .%SIau ld,fhys
msKv a md;fhka miqj msg ilaufkys lugyk fufkys flfrñka
Wka fial' .%SIau ld,fha uy oj,a t<suyka ilaukl ys| f.k
bkakd uqkajykafia pKav iQ¾h;dmfhka ;Èka fmf<kakg jQy'
lsis,sj,ska vyÈh je.sfrhs' Wkajykafia tA .Kka fkdf.k
Ndjkd ukisldrfha fhfokakdy' th ÿgq Wkajykafia f.a
w;jeiafida —iajdóks fï fmfoi isy,
s a h' fuys jev yqk uekeje˜hs
okajd isáhy' f;reka jykafia" —weje;ak"s W!IaKhg ìfhka u h
fï fuys bkafka˜ hhs jod< y'
fufia YS;, fyda W!IaKh .Kka fkd f.k Ndjkd
ukisldrfha fhfokakg n,j;a wêIaGdk Yla;shla wjYHh h'
W!IaKhla fyda YS;,hla fyda" msKavmd;dÈfhka mdvqjla fyda
wkqkf
a .a l:djla fyda fodaIdfrdamKhla fyda ksid Ndjkd ukisldrh
fkd is| È.g mj;ajd f.k hdfï Yla;sh wêjdikdËdka;sh hs'
th ÈhqKqm;a úh hq;= h'
.ukd§ yeu l%h
s djl § u o Ndjkd ukisldrh fkd msßfy,d
f.k hd hq;= h' yeu l%shdjla u fufkys lsÍfuka isÿlsÍu
Ndjkdkqfhda.fha m%Odk ,laIKh hs' thska is; ;eka m;a lr
.ekSu myiqh' uq, § yeu ;ekl u fï ukisldrh ;nd .ekSu
109
wmyiq jqj;a l%ufhka ÈhqKj
q g meñfKk úg th bfí isÿjk
l%h
s djla jkafkah'
merKs uyf;reka jykafia kula oj,a ld,fha Èjd ia:dkfha
ys| f.k w;jeishka yd iu. l:d flfrñka w; blaukg yl=<d
keje; ;=nQ ieáhg ;nd miqj fyñka yl=<d .;ay' fuh n,d Wka
w;jeiafida —iajdóks" l=ula ksid blaukg yl=<d keje; ;=nQ
;ek ;nd fyñka yl=<d .;a fiala oe˜hs úpd< y' f;rekajykafia
—weje;aks" hï ojil mgka uu lugyka fufkys lsßug mgka
.;a;ñ kï" tod mgka fufkys lsßula ke;sj w; fkd yels<ù s ñ'
±ka f;dm iuÕ l:dfõ fh§fuka lugyka is; yer tA l%shdj
flf<ñ˜hs ms<s;=re ÿkay' NsËQyq idOqldr § —iajdóks NsËqj kï
fufia u úh hq;=h˜hs lSy'
i;r bßhõj
ys£fï bßhõj" isàfï bßhõj" ilauka bßhõj" ks§fï bßhõj
hhs m%Odk bßhõ i;frls' fï bßhõ i;f¾ § u Ndjkd ukisldrh
meje;aúh yels h' tfia u fï bßhõ i;r;a" wm%Odk jYfhka
mj;akd ldhsl rEmd rEm O¾uhka meje;afuka yg.kakd wjia:d;a
Ndjkdfõ § wruqKg .ekSug iqÿiq fkd jkafka ke;' tfyhska
lfha wYajdi m%Yajdi fol ksid oefkk Wiaùï md;aùï jQ
wjia:dj o úo¾Ykdj i|yd m%lg wruqKla jYfhka .ekSu ljr
wkaoulskj a ;a O¾udkqf,dau fkdfõ hhs lsj fkd yelsh' i;smÜGdk
iQ;%fha § Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia úiska u" —h:d h:d jdii lfhd
mksysf;d fyd;s ;:d ;:d kx mcdkd;s˜ hkq jodrK ,oafoa u h'
ys£fï l%u lSmfhls' i;smÜGdk iQ;%fha jod< —ksiSo;s
m,,Xlx wdN=ðFjd˜hs m<la ne| ys£u m%Odk u l%uh úh hq;= h'
th —iuJ;d W!renoOdikd˜ hs wgqjd fyhska yd;ami W!re udxihka
fom;=<ska nef|kfia ys| .ekSu hs'
 110
fhda.dikhka ys(-
—W!fj_dremß úfmJød - lDFjd mdo;f, Wfy#
iudiS;d;u k# mou - fu;odik uqF;uï˜ hs'
±lafjk l,jd fol u;af;ys fom;=,a ;nd ys£u kï jQ
moaudikh o fuh uehs' fuh u hgg ;nd f.k ys| .kakd
l%ufhl=ÿ fjhs' wdkdmdkd§ Ndjkdjka i|yd fï wdikh w;sYhska
m%Yia;h' mqgqjl fomd fmdf<dfõ jÈkd ieáfhka ys| f.k o
Ndjkdj ÈhqKq lr.;a mskaj;=ka bkakd nj wm úiska i,ld .;
hq;= h'
isàfï bßhõj o Ndjkdjg iqÿiq h' ilauka Ndjkdj wdik
Ndjkdj fukau m%fhdackh' th l%u ifhlska iïmQ¾K lrkq
,efí'
1' ju ol=K hkqfjka fufkys lSÍfï ilauk'
2' Tijkjd ;nkjd hkqfhka fufkys lsÍfï ilauk'
3' Tijkjd hjkjd ;nkjd hkqfjka fufkys lsÍfï
ilauk'
4' Tijkjd hjkjd kjkjd ;nkjd hkqfjka fufkys
lsÍfï ilauk'
5' Tijkjd hjkjd kukjd fy,kjd ;nkjd hkqfjka
fufkys lsÍfï ilauk hkqhs'
6' Tijkjd hjkjd kukjd fy,kjd ;nkjd Tnkjd
hkqfjka fufkys lsÍfï ilauk hkqhs'
fuh l%udkql+,j iïmQ¾K lsÍfï § b;d Wiia ÈhqKqjla
,efnhs'
Ndjkdfõ w.h
ñksidf.a Ôú; jev igyfka meyer fkdyeßh hq;= u jQ jevla
yeáhg Ndjkdj ;nd.; hq;= h' W.ekSfï fhfok l=vd ld,fha o
111
tA lrk W.ekSu fyd¢kq;a iïmQ¾Kj;a isÿ ùug tA ld,hg iqÿiq
l=vd ;rfï Ndjkdjla tA <uhdg §ug .=re foudmshd§ka úiska
is;g .; hq;h = ' fuys w.h f;areï .; yels jkafka tys fh§fukq;a
fhoùfukq;a miqj h' wfkla Ôjfkdamdhl fhfok mskaj;=ka
yg o tA tA jev myiqfjka lsÍug Ndjkdfjka is; ilialr .ekSu
b;du;a m%fhdackj;a jkafka h'
ks;r Ndjkdjl fh§u is;g fjfyila fkdfõoe hs we;eï
mskaj;=ka yg m%Yak l< yelsh' Ndjkdj is;g jOhla hhs
is;kakka o isákd fyhsks' Ndjkdjl wdrïNfha § fï fjfyi
we;s ùug bv ;sfí' tfy;a tys fh§ álska ál mqreÿ ùfuka
Ndjkdj is;g fokakd jQ b;du;a fyd| iekeis,a,la nj Tng u
jegefykjd we;' tfyhska wfma jeäysá wkqYdil mlaIh fï
.ek u|la ´kE lñka i,ld n,d fyd| .=Kj;a jQ iudchla my<
lr .ekSug Wkkaÿ úh hq;= h'
iïuikdÈ oi [dKfhda
iïuikdÈ [dKhka ,efnk wjia:djkays fhda.djprhd yg
oefkk yeÕSï o o¾Yk o úúO nj lsh hq;= h' l,a we;sj we;eï
foa oek .ekSu fhda.djprhdg wys;lr nj lsh hq;= h' tfiau
mqo.
a ,hka ;=< n,mdkd .;s .=Kj, yeáhg tAjd fjkia jkakg o
fldf;l=;a bv ;sfí' Ndjkdj i|yd .;a wruqKq meyeÈ,sj ±kSu u
fuys m%fhdackh fjhs'
Wohínhd§ wjia:dj, § iïuikfhka meyeÈ,sj wd wruqK
ms<n
s | fjkialï bfíg u ±fkkakg mgka .ksh's Ôú;h mj;ajd
.ekSfï n,dfmdfrd;a;= o ySkjk ;ekg is; m;a fjhs' Ndjkdj
ÈhqKqjg m;aùfï § ixialdrhka ms<sn| >k ix{dj l%ufhka
,sy,s a j hdfuka m%lg wdrïuKh fkd fmkS hdug bv ;sfí' tys §
;udg f,fyisfhka jegefyk ys£u yemSu fyda th o kef;d;a
isf;a meje;au o ±kSu o fufkys lsÍu iqÿiq fjhs'
 112 113

l%ufhka úo¾Ykd {dk mrïmrdj iuDoaOj mj;akd l,ays
ixLdrefmlaLd wjia:dfõ § Tíng fkd f.dia keje;Sfula fjhs'
th ye¢k.ekSug ,ËK ;=fkla fjhs' Nh úmamydkh" kkaÈ
úmamydkh" ika;Ü s Gkh hkqfjks' ixialdrhka ys úm;a;hs i,ld
my<jk Nh;a" tys iïm;a;s i,ld my<jk kkaÈh;a fuys §
ke;sfjhs' uOHia:-Ndjfhka wkqmiaikd ;=fkka hql; a j meje;au
ika;sÜGkh hs'
ixialdrhkays meje;s fï WodiSkNdjh fjk w;g o yeÍ
yeu fohl u tmdlu jefvhs' fï ÿn,lï j,g bvfkd§
ukisldrfhka Ndjkdj lrf.k hdfï § iïmQ¾K jkq we;'
fï ØKoih Wohính" NÙ." Nh" ixLrefmlaLd" wkqf,dau
hhs fldgia mylg o fnod olajk ,oafoah' tys Nh ØKhg wd§kj"
ksíìod [dK fol we;=<;a fldg o" ixldrefmlaLd [dKhg
uq[aÑ;=lduH;d" máixLd hk [dK fol we;=<;a fldg o tfia
lshk ,o nj ie,elsh hq;=h'
f.d;%N+ u.a. - M, [dKhg wruqKq jkafka ixLdrh fkd
fõ úixLdr hhs' th fmr kqmqreÿ wjia:dfjls' fndfyda úg fuh
f;areï .;yels jkafka miqjg h' tkï m%;HfjËd wjia:dfõ h'
m%;HfjËdj kï(-
—fï ud¾fhka meñKsfhñ˜ hs ud¾.h o" —fï úfYaI .=Kh
,Èñ˜hs M,h o" —fuh oek .;sñ˜ hs ksjk o" —fï fl,ia levqfjñ˜
hs o" —fuf;la b;=re flf,ia˜ hhs o lshd mia wdlrfhlska i,ld
ne,Su hs'
ud¾. Ñ;a;h ,efnk Ñ;a; ùÓh fufiahs(-
1' '''''''''''' '''' '''' '''''''''''''''
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mjF;d [d;mß[[d kdu'
N( u( wd mß( Wm( wkq( f.d( u( M,( M,(
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 mjF;d ,lLKdruuKsl úmiikd m[[ ;SrKmß[[d kdu'
2' '_' ' ' '_' ' ' _' ' ' ' _' ' ' ' _' ' ' ' _' ' ' '_' ' ' _'
N( u( wd Wm( wkq( f.d( u( M( M(
1 2 3 4 5 6
fuys m<uqjekak ukaom[a[ mqoa.,hdg ,efnk ud¾.
ùÓh hs' fojekak ;slaLm[a[ mqoa.,hdg ,efnk ud¾. ùÓh hs'
;jo fuys mßl¾u hkq o" Wmpdr hkq o wkqf,dauhg u lshk
kï h' thska flfrkafka i;H jidf.k isákd fudayh ÿre
lr,Su h' f.d;%N+ is;g ksjk wruqKq lrkakg iu;alu
,efnkafka fuhska ,efnk fï Yla;sh wkqj h'
;reK úo¾Ykdj yd wdríO úo¾Ylhd(-
— ìf|k iq¿jQjla u WmÈhs' Wmofka jHhg hhs˜ hk fï
wdldrfhka iumKia ,l=Kq ms<ù
s o isá Wohínhdkqmiaikd kï jQ
m<uq jk ;reK úo¾Ykdj o; hq;= h' th ,ene.;a fhda.djprhdg
wdríO úo¾Ylhd hhs lshkq ,efí' úo¾Ykdf,dalh kshufhka
my< jk nj olajk ,oafoa fuys h' —wdroO úmiiliiys TNdidÈ
iuNfj u..du..[dKx fyd;s˜ hkq fyhska TNdidÈh uevf.k
Wohính [dKh meje;S wiudma ; l,a y s u u.a . du.a .
[dKoiaikh ,efnhs' tys NÙ.dkqmiaikdÈh o ;reK úo¾Ykdh
ksíìodfõ mgka n,j úo¾Ykd hs'
f,!lsl mß{dfjda(
[d; mß[a[dh" ;SrK mß[a[dh" mydK mß[a[d hhs
f,!lsl mß[a[dfjda ;=ka wdldr fj;s'
1' f;ix f;ix Ouudkx mpp;F;,CL i,,CLK jfik
2' f;ix f;ix Ouudkx idu[[d ,CLKx wdfrdfmFjd
 114
3' f;iq fhj mk Ofuuiq ksppi[[dÈ mcyk jfik
mjF;d ,CLKdruuKsl úmiikd m[[d mydk mß[[d kdu'
iajNdj O¾uhka ms<n
s | ,ËKhka ie,elSfuka f[hHdNsuL
q lïuÜGdk" wrEm lïuÜGdk hhs úo¾Ykd Ndjkdfõ fnod olajk
m%{dj [d;mß[a[d hs' O¾uhkaf.a wks;Hd§ ,ËKhka msßis|
±k.kakd jQ m%{dj ;SrK mß[a[dj hs' m%ydkh l< hq;a;
m%ydkfhka ,efnk m%{dj mydk mß[a[dj hs'
tysu kdu rEm jHjia:dfõ mgka m%;Hh mß.%yh olajd
[d;mß[[dfõ N+ñhhs' l,dm iïuikfha mgka Wohính [dKh
olajd ;SrK mß[a[dfõ N+ñhhs' NÙ.dkqmiaikdfõ mgka u;a;g
mydkmß[a[dfõ N+ñhhs'
lugyk
Ndjkd l%shdfõ fh§ug Wmldrl O¾u iuQyh lïuÜGdk
kï fõ' th fy<nig —lugyka˜hs fõ' —luuii Gdkx luugGdkx
úßhdruN iXLd;ii fhd.luuii mjF;sgGdkJ;s wfF:d˜ hs
úßhdrïN ixLHd; fhda.l¾uhdf.a m%jD;a;s ia:dkh l¾uia:dk
kuehs o úia;r lrk ,oafoa h' i;<silg fnod olajk ,o fï
lugyka wruqKq u N+; lisK i;r yd uq,a j¾K lisK i;r o
lshd lisK wgla ùfuka wg;sia wruqKq hhs o jHjydrhg m;a úh'
iín;a:l lïugGdkh" mdßydßh lïuÜGdkh hhs th
foúêfhlska ,efí' tys ií;a:l kï" ish¨ ;ek leue;s úhhq;=
jQ" fu;a;d" urKi;s hk Ndjkd lugyka fol hs' wiqN Ndjkd
lugyk;a fuhg we;=<;a fldg we;eï yq olaj;s' hï ljr
Ndjkdjla l<;a uq,§ thg iqÿiq ùug Tyq ;=< ffu;%S Ndjkdj
ÈhqKq ù ;sìh hq;= h' ;ud weiqre lrk mßirfhka ukqIHfhda o
N+;fhda o Ndkdjg wkql,+ j yeisfr;s' urK i;s Ndjkdj yd wiqN
Ndjkdj o yuqjk m%sh rEmdÈh ksid is;a fkd le,eöug Wmldr
jkq we;'
115
Ndjkd lD;Hhg wjYHfhka Wmldr jk pß;dkql, + lugyk
mdßydßh lïuÜGdk hhs' th olajk ,o uehs fï ish,a, rEm
,oafoa h' Nd.Hj;=kajykafia úfkh ckhdf.a Ñ;a;djdrh oek
iqÿiq wdldrfhka tA tA mqo.
a ,hkg l¾uia:dk fok fial' rEmh uq,a
fldg fufkys lsÍug fok lugyk rEm lïuÜGdkh hs' wrEmh
uq,a fldg fufkys lsÍug fok lugyk wrEm lïuÜGdkh hs'
mGú lisKdÈh
mGú lisK uKav,fha l=vd u m%udKh úh;l=;a i;r
wÕ, h' úYd, m%udKh l,úg;a muK úh yels h' idod.;a
uKav,h;a iqÿiq h' msysá uKav,h;a iqÿiq h' ish,a, fjkqjg
me;sr úh hq;= fyhska lisK kï fõ' hï muK mDÓú ;,hl
ksñ;a; .; hq;= kï tmuK fmfoila is;k s a m;=rejd u .; hq;= fõ'
tys tla fldgil isg fkd fõ' fiiq lisKhkays o fufia uehs'
fuys o j¾Kh fkd i,ld mej;s mGúfha tlu ;,hla yeáhg
msygs j
q d .kq ,enQ ixia:dk m%{ma;h
s mGú lisK uKav,h hs' wdfmda
lisKh;a f;fcda lisKh;a hk fol o fufia uehs' yefmk ;ek
is;ska igykla fldg .;a iq<x jeáh jdfhda lisK hhs' kS,
j¾Kfhka úYsIaG jQ ixia:dk m%{ma;shlg kS, lisKh hs lsh;s'
mS; - f,dys; - ´od; lisK o tfiau h' pkaø iQ¾hdÈ jQ m%Odk
wdf,dalfhka úYsIG a jQ ixia:dk m%{ma;h
s wdf,dal lisK kï fõ'
ì;a;s isÿre wdÈfhys fmfkk wdldYfhka úYsIaG jQ ixia:dk
m%{ma;sh wdldY lisK kï fõ' bÈuqKq u< isrer WoaOqud;lh hs'
uq,a meyeh yer ks,a meyehg yereKq u< isrer úks,lh hs'
fkdfhla me;sj,ska .,dhk ierj we;s u< isrer úmqnnlh hs' hqo
ms á wdÈfhys wdhq O j,s k a úrEm f,is k a is ÷ Kq u<is r er
úpýJklh hs' n¨ leKys,a wd§ka úiska fkdfhla wdldrfhka
lE isrere fldgi we;s u< isrer úCLdhs;lh hs' n¨ leKeys,a
 116
wd§ka úiska u lv lv fldg weo lEfuka tA tA w;g úiqreKq
wjhj we;s u< isrer úCÅF;lh hs' je.sreKq f,a we;s u< isrer
f,dys;lh hs' mKqjka msreKq u< isrer mq<jlh hs' uq¿ wegiels,, a ÈhqKq l< hq;= h'
fyda tla weg lene,a,la fyda wgÀlh hs'
nqoO
a dkqii
a ;s wdÈfhys ta ta .=Khka isyl s Í
s u h' tys nqoO
a .=K
kï wryx iïud iïnqoaOd§ .=K hs' iajdlaLd;dÈh O¾u .=K hs'
iqmámkakdÈh ix> .=K hs' ;udf.a iS,fha wLKav;dÈh iS,
.=Kh hs' ;ud fok ofka § uiqre u, myj we;s nj pd. .=Kh hs'
foaj;ajdÈh bis,Sug iu;a ;ud ;=< ÈhqKq l< ioaOd§ .=K foaj;d
.=K kñ' j;a ms<sfj;a n,fhka fyda Oq;dx. iudodkfhka fyda
OHdk iudm;a;s n,fhka fyda" úo¾Ykd Ndjkd n,fhka fyda ;ud
;=< fndfyda l,la uq¿,af,ys úlaLïNkhg m;a ldurd.d§kaf.a
ixis|u
S fyda ;ud úiska ,en.;a wixL; ksíndKh jQmiu kï fõ'
tla Njhlg wh;a iajlSh ialkaO ika;dkfha ì|Su urK kï fõ'
fkdfhla ld¾hhkaf.a iuQyh jQ fï lh ldh kï fõ' ;ud ;=<
ks;r mj;akd wdYajdi m%Yajdi wdkdmdk kï fõ'
ffu;%h s kï isf;a uDÿ Ndjh hs' th mj;ajk ia:dkh wern
ys; iqj fkd úisÍ ix.%y jk whqßka is;a fm< meje;aùu hs' wkqka
flfrys meje;afjk woafõYh hs' Tjqkf a .a ÿla bj;a lsÍfï woyiska
mej;s is;a fm< lreKdj hs' Tjqkaf.a iemg i;=gq ùu uqÈ;dj hs'
Tjqkaf.a u ys;+mixydr" ys; fudaok" wNs;dmk hk jHdmdr;%h
yer mshd Tjqkaf.a lïuiail;dj jeãu úiska hqla;s wkqj ne,Su
WfmaËdjhs' fï wm%udK i;a;j a hka wruqKq fldg mj;akd fyhska
wmamu[a[d kï ù' fuu ffu;%sh wdÈh fumuK i;a;ajhka
úIfhys meje;aúh hq;f a ;ah hs lshd o" fuf;la i;a;j a hka úIfhys
fkd meje;aúh hq;af;ah hs lshd o úIh m%udKfhka —meje;afjk
ia:dkfhys fldgia lsÍula˜ fuys ke;af;a h' tfia jqj;a" uq,ska
fuys fhfokakd úiska m<uq fldg tl mqoa.,fhl= iïnkaO
lsÍfuka ;u Ndjkd Ñ;a;h mqreÿ fldg" úfYaI ;;a;j a hg muqKj q d
117
miq fo;=kf
a okd wd§ jYfhka th jeä ÈhqKj
q g muqKj
q d .; hq;= h'
iSud iïfNaoh l< miq Têfid MrK" wfkdêfid MrK" Èid MrK
wdydr fya;= fldg f.k ú|skakg jk ÿla /i m%;HfõËd
jYfhka o" málal,
+ jYfhka o wdydrfhys mej;s ukisldr wdydr
málal+, i[a[dj hs' YÍr.; jQ mGú wd§ Od;= i;r ms<sn|
iiïNdr ixfÄm" iiïNdr úN;a;"s ix,laLK ixflamh" i,a,laLK
úN;a;s hk l%u wkqj fjka fjka fldg msßis| i,ld ne,Su
p;=O;= jj;a:dkh hs'
mßl¾u Ndjkdj" Wmpdr Ndjkdj" w¾mKd Ndjkdj hhs
Ndjkd ;=ka wdldr fjhs' Ndjkdfõ § ,efnk ksñ;a; o mßl¾u"
Woa.y
% " m%;N
s d. lshd ;=ka wdldr fjhs' uq,k
s a lisk uKav,dÈfhys
tu uKav,h jQ ksñ;a; ta ;sfnk wdldrhg is;ska m%lg f,iska
.kakyqg ,efnk ta wruqK mßl¾u ksñ;a;hs' tl,ays isÿjk
Ñ;a; Ndjkdjg mßl¾u Ndjkd hhs o lshkq ,efí' ta ksñ;a;
weig fmfkk fia is;g;a jegfyk ;rñka ufkdaoajdrhg
wdmd:.; jk ta wruqK Woa.y % ksñ;a; kñ' uia;lm%dma; mßl¾u
iudêfhka Ndjkdfõ fhfok fhda.djprhd yg ta Woa.y % ksñ;a;g
iudk j ta Woa.%y ksñ;af;ka ñ§" fjka j jegyqKq ta wruqK
isf;ys ksi, j je§.shdla fuka my< jkqfha máNd. ksñ;a; hs'
tl,a ys Ndjkdj Wmpdr Ndjkdj h' thska miq w¾mKd Ndjkdj h'
OHdk Ñ;a;h
lsishï kshñ; lugyklska ,en.;a máNd. ksñ;a; b;d
ie,ls,af,ka /l .ekafuka th wruqKq fldg .;a isf;ys mej;s
kSjrKhka n,j;a f,iska hgm;a ù ú;¾ld § wx.hka b;d Wiia
iaÓr f,iska jeä ÈhqKq ù is;;a ta máNd. ksñ;a; ixLHd; wruqK;a
tlg ne|S .;af;a iïnkaOh we;sj m%:u OHdk Ñ;a;h m<uqfjka
my< fjhs'
 118
fufia fuys uyoa.; Ñ;a;h kï jQ OHdk Ñ;a;hla my<
ùfï § tys ksñ;a; my< ùug m%:u Nd.hg m%;smod fËa;%h hhs
lshkq ,efí' t;eka mgka Tíng wNs{d fËa;h % hhs lshkq ,efí'
fï wjia:d fol u we;eï mqoa.,hka yg myiqfjka iïmQ¾K lr
.; yels fõ' we;eï mqo.
a ,hka yg ta fol u uy;a ÿIalr;djfhka
imqrd .; yels fõ' ;j;a flfkl=ka yg ta foflka tlla ÿIalrh"
tlla iqlrh" myiqh' m%;smod i;rla ,efnkafka fï l%ufhka h'
ta ta mqoa.,hkaf.a ika;dkj, l,ska n,meje;a jQ oDIaá"
;DIaKdjka ksid fuys ,efnk ÿ¾j,lï o" tys ta oDIaá wd§kaf.a
ÿ¾j,lñka m%n,lï o ,efnk nj ie,lsh hq;= h'
1' ;Kayd pß; ukaohd h" 2' ;Kayd pß; Wo;a:hd h" 3' ÈÜÀ
pß; ukaohd h" 4' ÈÜÀ pß; Wo;a:hd h lshd mqoa.,hka i,lkq'
OHdk Ñ;a; ùÓh'
uyoa.; O¾u kï OHdk Ñ;a;hka ms<sn| Ñ;a; ùÓ igyka
mQ¾fjdala; ud¾. Ñ;a; ùÓj,g jvd fjkia fjhs' ta fjki fuys
olajkq ,efí'
mGú lisKh f.k Ndjkdfõ fhfokakd yg l%ufhka th
ÈhqKqjg m;ajk l,ays" máNd. ksñ;a; my< jk nj uq,È lshk
,oafoa h' th ;j ;j;a ÈhqKj
q g m;a lsÍfuka th u wruqKq fldg
f.k OHdk Ñ;a;h jk w¾mKdj ,efn hs' hï Ñ;a; ùÓhl fï
w¾mKdj ,efí kï" tys m<uqfjka tu máNd. ksñ;a; wruqKq
fldg f.k" Njdx.h is|f.k wdj¾ck Ñ;a;h my< fjhs' B<Õg
tysu cjk Ñ;a; i;rla fyda myla fyda my< fjhs' tys wjidk
Ñ;a;h w¾mKd fyj;a OHdk Ñ;a;h hs' th rEmdjprhs' fiiai
ldudjprhs' ta ldudjpr Ñ;a;fhda o m%lD;s is;aj,g jvd n,j;a
fj;s' mßl¾u" Wmpdr" wkqf,dau hk kï ;=k fï is;ja ,g ms<f
s j,ska
jHjydr flfr;s'
119
mßl¾u hkafkys f;areu ilia lrkakd hkq hs' OHdk
Ñ;a;hg ´kE lrk bJøsh iu;dj iïmQ¾K lrkafka fuhsks'
iómfhys yeisfrkakd hkq Wmpdr hkafkys f;areu hs' OHdk
Ñ;a;hg <Õska u my< jk fyhsks' w¾mKdjg uq<ska is;
wkqf,dauh hs' th uq<ska mej;s is;aj,g;a thska w.h ,efnk
is;aj,g;a wkqf,dau jkakd hk f;areu wkqj tu kduh ,nhs'
B<Õ is; f.da;%N+ is; hs' th ldu f.da;%h blaujd,Su;a uyoa.;
f.da;%hg meñKSu;a hk f;areu wkqj tu kduh ,nhs' tys o
okaOdNs[[a d" ÅmamdNs[[
a d hk mqo.
a ,hka yg ,efnk mßÈ Ñ;a;
ùÓ fol fufia hs'
1' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
- - - - - - - -
N( u( mß( Wm( wkq( f.d( COd" N(
1 2 3 4 5
2' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
- - - - - - -
N( u( Wm( wkq( f.d( COd" N(
1 2 3 4
fuhskq miq Njdx.h yd wdj¾ck cjkfhda mj;s;a'
iudêhla ,o mqoa.,hd ta ,;a wdldrh uekúka is;g .;
hq;= h' iudê ndOl jQ ldu jHdmdod § Wmlaf,aY yd Wjÿre oek
f.k thska is;a i;ka msßisÿj ;nd .ekSfï woyi ;nd.; hq;= h'
iudêfha ÈhqKj q g jev lsÍfï wjia:d folls' tkï(- Wmpdr
wjia:dj;a" w¾mKd wjia:dj;a hk fol hs' tfia jeãfï § ld,
mßÉfþoh o" foaY mßÉfþoh o fldg jeäh hq;= h' fu;rï l,a
isáñhs ld, mßÉfþoh ÈhqKq l< hq;= h' fuf;la m%foaYhl
me;sf¾jdZhs foaY kshu fldg jeäh hq;= hs' fï wêIa G dkhka
kshu wkaoñka isÿjkafka Ñ;a; iudêh uekúka ÈhqKqjg m;a ù
 120
;sfnk úg h' iudêh ÈhqKqùug o kej; kej; iuje§ báh
hq;= h'
m[ap jYS;dfjda(-
1' wdjcck jiS"
2' iudmcck jiS"
3' jqgGdk jiS"
4' wêgGdk jiS"
5' mpPfjCLK jiS" hkq m[ap jYS;dfjda h'
m%:u OHdkh ,en.;a mqo.
a ,hd;a OHdkhg iuje§ thska ke.sg
m<uq fldg ú;lalh wdj¾ckd flfrhs' B<Õg úpdrh o" B<Õg
m%;
S h
s o" B<Õg iqLh o" B<Õg tal.a.;djh o" kej;;a ú;lalh o"
úpdrh o hkd§ l%ufhka kej; kej; OHdkdx.hka wdj¾ckd
lrkakd yg hï lf,l ta ta OHdkdx.hka wruqKq fldg we;s
Ñ;a; jdrfhda w;r Njdx. is;a lSmfhlska wka;r ,en ksrka;r j
fuka mj;s;a o" tl,ays wdjÊck mÉpfjlaLK jiS;dfjda jiSN+;
kï fj;a' fï jiS;dj i¾j{ nqÿjrhka jykafia,dg uqÿkam;aj
,efnkakdy'
i¾j{ nqÿrcdKka jykafia,d hul m%d;syd¾hh mj;ajk
ld,fhys Ñ;a; m%jD;a;sfhys ieye,a¨ nj n,dfmdfrd;a;= ùfuka
tys ta ta OHdkdx.hka wruqKq fldg .;a Ñ;a; jdrfhda o cjk
i;rla fya myla fyda we;sj my< jkakdy' ùÓ is;aj, w;rg
,efnk Njdx. jdrfhda o mYaÑu jdrhg Wmpdr ù Njdx. p,k
hhs lshhq;= foflla u fjhs'
,en.;a OHdkhg jyd iujefokakg ms<js ka nj iudmÊck
jiS kï fjhs' —iudmÊckfhys mudnfjla ke;˜hs md<sfhys foaYkd
lrk ,oafoa fï woyi h' fufia iujka OHdkh wiqreiKla jeks
b;d l=vd ld,hla fyda kj;ajd .kakg iu;a nj wêÜGdk jiS
kñ' iujeÿKq OHdkfhka blaukska ke.S isákakg iu;a nj
121
jqÜGdk jiS kñ' mÉPfjlaLK jish jkdys wdjÊck jisfhka u
isoaO fjhs'
oaú;SjdÈ OHdk ,dNh
m%:u OHdkh jiS Ndjhg m;a fldg isáhyqg ú;lalh
´,dßlj jegfyhs' tl,ays fhda.djprhd yg —ug ú;¾lh ke;s
OHdkh ,efí kï uekj˜hs woyila msysghs' tl,ays wú;¾l
OHdkhg iujÈkafkueZ hs kej; ta máNd. ksñ;af;ys mßl¾uh
wrUhs' th ú;lal úrd. Ndjkdj hs' th o ú;¾lfhys ksldka;h s
f.ù hk;=re mßl¾u Ndjkdju hs' ta ú;¾l ksldka;h s f.ù .sh
l,ays Wmpdr Ndjkd kï fjhs' thska miq th wruqKq fldg f.k
oaú;Sh OHdk Ñ;a;h my< fjhs' fiiq OHdk o fuf,i hs'
wx. iu;slu
% Kh
m%:udÈ OHdk mfiys ,efnkafka wx. iu;sl%uKh hs'
ta fufia hs(-
1' m%:ufhys wx. mils'
2' oaú;sfhys ú;¾lh blaujd,Sfuka i;frls'
3' ;D;Sfhys úpdrh blaujd,Sfuka ;=fkls'
4' p;=¾:fhys mS;sh blaujd,Sfuka foflls'
5' m[apufhys iqLh blaujd WfmlaLd tl.a.;d folska
hq;a fyhska folls'
wd,ïNk iu;slu
% Kh
wdldidk[apdh;kdÈ wrEm OHdk i;r ,efnkafka m%:udÈ
OHdkhka y s fuka wx.hka w;s l % u Kh ls Í fuka fkd fõ'
wd,ïNkhka w;sl%uKh lsÍfuks'
ta fufia hs(-
wdldidk[a p dh;kh ,efnka f ka m[a p u OHdkhg
wruqK jQ lisK W.=¿jd Æ wldYh wruqKq l< hq;= jQfha h'
 122
ú[a [ dk[a p dh;kh ,efnka f ka wdldidk[a p dh;khg
wruqKq jQ wdldYh blaujd ,Sfuks' tys mGudremam ú[a[dKh
wruqKq l< hq;= jQfha h' wdls[ap[a[dh;kh ,efnkafka
mGudremam ú[a[dKh blaujd ,Sfuks' tys Tyqf.a wNdjh wruqKq
l< hq;= jQfha h' fkji[a[d-kdi[a[dh;kh ,efnkafka ta
ke;s nj blaujd ,Sfuks' ;=kj
a k wdremam ú[a[dKh wruqKq l<
hq;= jQfha h'
wNskf
s õih
wNskfs õih" jqÜGdkh hk fo;ek wNskf s õih kï¦ úo¾Ykd
Ndjkdfõ wdrïNfha § m%lg jk ixialdr fldgila flfrys
ukisldrh fhdod ,Sfuka wNsu; {dk mrïmrdjg <Õdùuh" fyj;a
tys we;=¿ ùu h' jqÜGdkh kï ud¾. ,dNh hs'
fuys lshk ,o wNskf s õih rEm O¾uhka ms<n s |j kdkd l%u
j,ska m%ldYs; jQfha h' th wrEm l¾uia:dkh fyj;a wrEm mß.%yh
lrk wjia:dfõ ;=ka wdldrhlska ,efnk nj ie,lsh hq;= h'
1' iam¾Y jYfhka"
2' fõokd jYfhka"
3' Ñ;a; jYfhka hk ;=ka l%ufhks'
th fláfhka fufia o; hq;= h(-
1' we;eful=g fldáka fyda úia;r jYfhka fyda rEm O¾uhka
meyeÈ,s j msßis| jegySfuka miq" ta m%lg wruqfKys u is; m<uqfjka
jefgk ieáhg ta wruqK iam¾Y lrñka Wmokd Miaih m%lgj
fufkys l< yels fjhs'
2' we;eful=g ta Ndjkdfõ § m%lgj oefkk wruqK ms<n s |
rih ú|sñka my< jk fõokdj oefkhs' fufkys lsÍfuka w,a,d
.; yels fjhs'
3' ;j;a flfkl=ka yg tu msßis| .ksñka my<jk
ú[a[dKh fufkys lsÍug yelsjk wkaoñka m%lg fjhs'
123
fuys hï fhda.djprfhl=g Miaih m%lg fjhs kï fyf;u"
—fu;ek ;kslr Miaih muKla my< jkafka fkd fjhs" th
iuÕ wruqfKa rih ú|sk fõokdj o" ye|sk.kakd i[a[dj o"
fÉ;kh lrk fÉ;kdj o" oek.kakd ú[a[dKh o we;˜hs lshd"
Miai" fõokd" i[a[d" fÉ;kd" ú[a[dK hk wrEm O¾u mi jQ
Miai m[aplh u oek .; yels fjhs'
2-3 fõokd Ñ;a; hk O¾uhka m%lgj jegySfï § fï
wdldrfhka Miai m[aplh m%lg fjhs'
rEm O¾uhkg neiSu
ta fhda.djprhd" —fï Miai m[apul O¾ufhda l=ula weiqre
l<dyq oe˜hs i,ld n,kqfha jia;=j weiqre l<dyq h hs oek .kshs'
jia;=j kï lrcldh hhs —bu[p mkfu ú[[dKx tF: is;x
tF: mánoOx˜hs fï udf.a fï ú[a[dKh fuys wdY%h we;af;ah'
fuys wh;aj ne÷fKah hhs m%ldYs; jQfha fuh hs' tys f;areu kdu
rem O¾ufha wdY%hia:dkh i;r uyd N+;;a" Wmdod rEm;a nj h'
fufia fuys wdY%h jia;j = remh hs' Miai m[apulfhda kduh hhs
lshd kdu rem ud;%hu fyf;u n,hs'
fuys rEmh kï" rem ialkaOh hs' kduh kï" fõokdÈ wrEm
ialkaO i;r hs' fufia fuys we;af;a m[ap ialkaOh muKls' fï
m[ap ialkaOfhka wkH jQ kduremfhla fyda kduremfhka wkH
jQ m[ap ialkaOfhla fyda we;af;a ke;'
ta fhda.djpprhd fuu m[ap ialkaOh yg.;af;a ljr
fya;j= lskoa e hs fufkys lsÍfï § tys wúoHd§ fya;k
+ a olsh's kqjKg
yiq ù jegfyhs' blaì;s m%;H O¾u;a thska yg.;a M, O¾u;a ñi
wka i;a;ajfhla fyda mqoa.,fhla ke;' we;af;a Y=oaO ixialdr
mq[ach muKle hs m%;H yd iuÕ kdu rem O¾uhka —LhfgGk
wksppd" NhfgGk ÿCLd" widlrfgGk wkF;d˜ hk l%ufhka
wks;Hd§ ;%s ,ËKhg kÕd úo¾Ykd {dk mrïmrdj l%ufhka
ÈhqKqjg m;a lr .ksñka yeisfrhs'
 124 125

fyf;u hïlsis wjia:djl W;=imamdh" mqo.

a , imamdh" fNdck 5' .kysFjd kdislf..k -
imamdh" OïuijK imamdh hk fulS imamdh lreKq ,enf.k" tfllx j mqkmmqkx"
tl m,fÕal yqkafka u újiqka kqjK uqÿka muqKqjd .ekSfuka GfmFjd yofh mpPd-
W;=ï jQ wry;ajfhys msyg
s hs' fï wdldrfhka fï fldgia ;=fka u mqnnlsppd j idkfh'
lugyk iïmQ¾K fjhs'
6' ;f;d kx wdyßFjdk -
wrem l¾uia:dkfha wdrïNh jkdys Miaih" fõokdh" Ñ;a;h wmmkd kdNsucCOfh"
hk ;=fkka tllsks' hf:dla;dldrfhka iïmQ¾K lsÍfuka
mßluuqmjdrums -
wdOHd;añl ndysr jYfhka ish¨ fldgia jegySfuka rEm
;iñ[p wJ;rJ;fr'
iïuiaikh o" iïmQ¾K lsÍfuka Ndjkdj uia;lm%dma; fjhs'
wu;r j¾Kkdfõ —m[p mS;Fs lu˜ kï m%:u mßÉfPofha 7' GfmFjd ksgÀf; mpPd -
i|yka l%uhka w;=frka miafjks l%uh W.kajk .d:d lSmhla mßluux wryJ;s p"
fufia hs(- wryx wryJ;s jF;nn -
1' mqnnlrKx lf;mpPd - ;Siq jdf;iq fhd.skd'
mqnnlsppd jidkfh" fï i|yd isxy, fmdf;a ;sfnkafka fufiah'
wfJ;d.fny m[p mS;Siq - Wífí.djg wk;=re fldg mQ¾j lD;Hh fkd jrojd MrK
MrKd mS;S;s jqppf;' m%S;shg wdrdOkd lrkq'
2' kjf,dl=F;r Ouud;s - —Tldi wyx mámF;s mQcdh Tjdox inn[ü f.d;uii
ksnndk mppfhd msp" m;slfrdñ' wyx hdpdñ" W..y ksñF;[p máNd. ksñF;x
bñkd kfhk hdÑFjd - Wmpdrúêx wmmkd iudêx wfJ;d.ny MrKd mS ; s
Tf,dflfJ;k fhd.skd' kjf,dl=F;r Ouucd;x - fm - ksnndk mppfhd fyd;=˜
3' m,,fXlk ksiSÈFjd - fufia wdrdOkd lrñka wdikfha ys| - —ksiSo;s m,,Xlx
m,,XldÈ[p jdpfh" wdN=ðFjd - fm - mßluux wryx wryx˜ fufia ;SËK kqjKska
mßluux wryx wryJ;s - msßis| hg lshk ,o W.a.y ksñ;s máNd. ksñ;s oajh ukdfldg
;Siq jdfriq jdpfh' n,d W.a.y ksñ;a; m,d f.k kslu a k
q la yq fuka ta W.a.y ksñ;a;g
4' MrKd mS;shd wmmkdms - jvd lsiqKq fodia ke;sj ish .=K oyia .=Kfhka msßisÿj Njdx.h
kJoHdjF;l mqmMñj" is| f.k ufkdoajdrh wdj¾ckd fldg w¾mKd Wm§' fï
mßluux uhqrms[c jKK[p - w¾mKdfjys ,ËK boao u,g n÷ j¾Kh mßl¾u h' fudkr ms,a
Wmpdrx ld,.=K jKKñj' ioDY h' ''''''''' Wmpdrh l=refjKshf. j¾K h' fï MrK m%S;shg
 126
my< jqfka wdldY Od;= h' fï Od;=fõ w¾mKd mßl¾u Wmpdr
kdisld.%fhka f.k yDofha ;nd kej; kdNsfha ;nkq'
ffu;%s n%yau úydrfha jdlHh(-
1' —wyx iqÇfydñ" wyx iqÇfydñ˜ hkq hs'
lreKd n%yau úydrfha jdlHh(-
2' —wyx ÿCLd uqppdñ" wyx ÿCLd uqppdñ˜ hkq hs'
uqÈ;d n%yau úydrfha jdlHh(-
3' —wyx h:d,oO iumF;sf;d udú .pPdñ˜ hkqhs'
WfmlaLd n%yau úydrfha jdlHh(-
4' —wyx luuiifld fydñ˜ hkqhs'
fuu isxy, fmdf;ys ffu;%S Ndjkdj wdrïN lrkafka
fufia hs(-
—oi È. jik ish¨ i;a;j a hdg fu;a fldg n,k úê w;=frka
mQ¾j l%u fkd jrojd je| mqod fu;a;d n%yau úyrKhg wdrdOkd
fldg mQ¾j È. f,dal Od;=j n,d m%;sm;a;s mQcd lghq;=˜ fuys
we;eï ;ekl fm< niska u olakg ,efí'
ta fufiah(s -
—tlsiid Èidhx ji;s wmmkd lFjd m[p m[piF;dkx
mq[[x oFjd tlsiid Èidhx wgGùi;s wmmkd lFjd iF;
foj ukqiidkx mq[[x oFjd tlx Èix m[p iF;d kdu -
ifnn iF;d ifnn mdKd ifnn N+;d ifnn mq..,d ifnn
wF;Ndj mßhdmJkd bfu iF;d m[p iF;d kdu fydJ;s'
tlx Èix iF;d fojukqiid kdu - innd b;SÓfhd ifnn
mqßid ifnn wßhd ifnn wkßhd ifnn fojd ifnn ukqiid
ifnn úksmd;sld" bfu iF;d iF;d fojukqiid kdu fydJ;s'
ifnn iF;d wfjrd fydJ;=' wjHdmccd fydJ;=' wkS>d fydJ;='
iqÇ wF;dkx mßyrJ;='
127
wfJ;dmrluux" wyx iqÇ fydñ" wyx iqÇ fydñ" wyx
iqÇ fydñ'
iSif;d ksCLuk ldf, ifnn iF;d iqÇ fydJ;=' ifnn
iF;d iqÇ fydJ;=' ifnn iF;d iqÇ fydJ;=' oiiyii pCljd<
iumF; ldf," iF;d iqÇ fydJ;=' iF;d iqÇ fydJ;=' iF;d
iqÇ fydJ;=' i;iyiifldá pCljd< iumF; ldf," iqÇ
fyJ;=" iqÇ fydJ;=" wkj; pCljd< iumF; ldf, iqÇ" iqÇ"
iqÇ'˜ hkqfjks'
wiqN Ndjkdj wdrïN lrkafka fufia hs(-
—oYúO wY=Nhka flfrys jd;fhka msrekq lUqre iula fuka
urKska u;af;ys l%u l%ufhka keÕs keÕS bÈuqKq neúka WoaOu q d;
kï fï wY=Nh is;=ñKs rejkla ÿgq odishla fuka Ndjkdfjys
yeisfrk fhda.y
S q úiska mQ¾j l%u fkd jrojd ta WoaOu
q d;l wY=Nhg
wdrdOkd lghq;=˜
hf:dla; .%ka:fha u wdkdmdk i;s Ndjkdj mgka .kakd
l%uh fufia h(-
ldh iqL Ñ;a; iqLhg wk;=re fldg mQ¾j l%uh fkd jrojd
je| mqod iq.; ;:d.; jr O¾upl% we;s" ff;%f,daldêm;s wirK
irK .;j m%m[cr lreKd ksOdk f,daliajdó jQ N.j;a w¾y;a
iïud iïnqÿrcdKka jykafia wdÈ fldg we;s N.j;=kg a i¾j{;d
{dk kue;s .=Krejka idod.kakg mQ¾jNd.fhys ÿgq fyhska
uQ,ldrKj isá wdkdmdk i;s kue;s Ndjkdjg wdrdOkd lrkq
,efí'˜
—fufia ;SËK {dkfhka ukialdr wdYajdi m%Yajdi iuÕ
fufkys lrkakd yg Woa.y
% m%;N
s d. ksñ;a;oajh WmÈhs' tys ,ËK
fln÷ o h;a(-
/<s keÕS keÕS fmK nqnq¿ uqiq Èfhla ù kï" tn÷ j u
jegfyk" fmK myr wd§ lsiqKq fodia mefkhs' fkdfyd;a i<d
 128 129

jegqma foñka weUfrñka ief,ñka kefÕk ÿïi<djla fuka o" 6' zWcq;d fol ;ud ;=< msyg
s djdZhs wêIaGdkfhka wdldi
wyi iqÿ j<dl=¿ fuka o" W.a.y ksñ;a; fmfkhs' Od;= úo¾Ykdj hs'
m%;Ns d. ksñ;a; wyi ;snQ ñKs ;,a jegla fuka o" j,d w;=frka fuh isxy, fmdf;a i|yka fjkafka fï wdldrfhks' —m[ap
kslauqKq i| u~,la fuka o" fï> uqLfhys n,dldjl fuka o mS;shg wk;=re fldg P hq.,h flfrka ldh miaioaê hk
W.a.y ksñ;a; m<df.k" kslauqKdla yq fuka" W.a.y ksñ;a;g l¾uia:dkhg mQ¾jlD;Hh fkd jrojd je|mqod wdrdOkd lghq;=
jvd lsiKq q fodia ke;sj ishla .=K oyia .=Kfhka msßisÿ j" Njdx.h ''' W.a.y ksñ;a; m,df.k kslauqklayq fuka W.a.y ksñ;a;g
is|f.k ufkdoajdrh wdj¾ckd fldg w¾mKd Wm§'˜ jvd ishla .=K oyia .=Khka msßisÿj Njdx.h is| f.k ufkdaoj
a drh
úY=oê a ud¾.d§ fiiq NdjfkdamfoY .%k: a hkays fkd oelajK
q q wdj¾ckd fldg wdfmda Od;=j my< fõ' ta Od;=fõ w¾mKd mßl¾u
—ch.,˜ kï Ndjkd l%uhla fuys olakg ,efí' th fojks Wmpdr n, n,d kdisld.%fhka f.k yDofha ;nd kej; kdNsfha
lKavdhfuys' ta fufiah(s - ;nkq ''''''''''˜
wuD;dldr j¾Kkdfõ(- wuD;dldr j¾Kkdfõ ;=kj
a k ldKavfha i|yka ldh Ñ;a;
1' ldh miaioaê Ñ;a; miaioaê hq.,h" iqL kï Ndjkd fldgi o fun÷u fjkia l%uhls'
2' ldh ,yq;d Ñ;a; ,yq;d hq.,h" ta fufiah(s -
3' ldh uqÿ;d Ñ;a; uqÿ;d hq.,h" ldh ÑF; iqfL jCLdñ
4' ldh lïu[a[;d Ñ;a; lïu[a[;d hq.,h" ixÅfF;k ñf;d mrx"
5' ldh md.=[[ a ;d Ñ;a; md.=[[ a ;d hq.,h" cdksFjd ojdoidldfr
6' ldhÊcql;d Ñ;a;Êcql;d hq.,h" Ndfj;nì úiqx úiqx'
1' zmiaioaê fol ;ud ;=< msyg s djdZhs wêIaGdkfhka wdfmda fuys fldgia i;rls ' 1' 2' ldh Ñ;a ; iq L oa j h"
Od;= úo¾Ykdj hs' 3' nqoaOdkqiai;sh" 4' Wmpdr iudêh hkqhs'
2' z,yq;d fol ;ud ;=< msyg s djdZhs wêIaGdkfhka f;afcda ldh ÑF; iqfL hdpfJ;d
Od;= úo¾Ykdj hs' wdfmd Od;=x úmii;="
3' zuqÿ;d fol ;ud ;=< msyg s djdZhs wêIaGdkfhka mGú Od;= nqoOdkqii;sx hdpfJ;
úo¾Ykdj hs' f;fcd Od;=x úmii;='
4' zlïu[a[;d fol ;ud ;=< msysgdjdZhs wêIaGdkfhka Wmpdr iudêx hdpfJ;d
zwdfmda Od;= úo¾Ykdj hs' mGú Od;=x úmii;='
5' zmd.=[[ a ;d fol ;ud ;=< msysgdjdZhs wêIaGdkfhka md;= N+;ums tfllx
jdfhdaa Od;= úo¾Ykdj hs' .KysFjd kdisld..skd'
 130 131

GfmFjd yofh mpPd

mqnnlsppdjidkfh"
;f:d f; wdyßFjdk
.KysFjd kdisld..skd'
kdNshX.=,f;d WoOx
wX.=,X.=,flkys"
tfll[p Gfm;nnx
fhd.djpr NsCLqkd'˜
isxy, fmdf;ys fuh W.kajk ,oafoa fufia hs(-
—P hq . ,hg wk;= r ej ldh iq L " Ñ;a ; iq L "
nqoaOdkqiai;s" Wmpdr iudê hk l¾uia:dkhka flfrka
mQ¾jlD;Hh fkdjrojd je| mqod ldh iqLhg wdrdOkd
lrkq'˜
fuys i|yka wuD;dlr j¾Kkd kï md<s mqiafld< fmd;
lvjeoaÿfõ ;=kf a ndau¿ úydr mqi;
a ld,fhka tu úydrdêm;s mQcH
lvjeoaÿfõ isßksjdi kdhl ia:úrhka jykaia f.ka ,nd .;suq'
th iïmQ¾K fmd;ls' fuys i|yka isxy, fmd; yÕ=rkafl;
rcuydúydÍh mq i a ; ld,fhka ,en .ka k d ,oa f ols '
f.dk.ka;ekafka" Èh;,d ueÿf¾ ksjeis jQ mS' tia' *¾kekavq
uy;df.a uy;a mßY%ufhka hf:dla; úydrdêm;Ska jykafia f.ka
,nd.; yels úh'

yeu fokdg u ksjka iqj ,efíjdæ

fï úoiqka iqj kï -
fjfiia Ègqo ue o;hq;'=
u.m, iqjg iu jQ -
uyKqjï fmf, okafka'