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BS8110 REF. CALCULATION OUTPUT

I/ Design Beam GB9A effective span= 7.7 m

1 - Loading Slab Panel 7.7 x 2.25 m and 0.12 mTHK (Slab on one side of the beam)

Dead Load
Slab 24 kN/m³ x 2.08 m³ / 7.7 = 6.48 kN/m
Beam 25 kN/m³ x 1.05 m³ / 7.7 = 3.4 kN/m
Other 1 kN/m² x 2.25 m = 2.25 kN/m
Wall 10cm 1.2 kN/m² x 2.25 m = 2.7 kN/m
Wall 20cm 0 kN/m² x 0 m = 0 kN/m
Floor Finished 1.5 kN/m² x 2.25 m = 3.38 kN/m
Total Dead Load 18.2 kN/m (Trapezoidal Dead load per m lenght

Live Load or Imposed load on one side of the beam)

Floor LL 4 kN/m² x 2.25 m³ / m = 9 kN/m
Total live Load 9 kN/m (Trapezoidal Live load per m lenght

Design Load on one side of the beam)

Design Load ( 1.6 x #### )+( 1.4 x 9.00 ) = 41.7 kN/m (Trapezoidal load= 41.7 kN/m)

Convert Trapezoidal load to uniformly distributed load

Uniformly distributed Load41.73
( x 0.73 ) = 30.5 kN/m
Load on the other side of the bem30.5
( - ( #### x 30 / 100 )= 21.3 kN/m (Reduce 30% for the load on

the other side)

30.5 + ####
Total Load on both side of the bem = 51.8 kN/m
2 - Bending Moment
Max moment at support Msup = - ql²/12 = -255.89 kN/m
Max moment at mid spanMmid = ql²/24 = 127.94 kN/m

1
3 - Beam Section
L L 7700 7700
h= to = to » h= 550 mm » h= 400 mm
10 15 10 15
b= (0.4 to 0.5)h= (0.4 to 0.5) .400 » b= 248 mm » b= 200 mm
Cover: C= 25 mm ;Assume Steel Bar Ø DR= 6 mm ; DT= 20 mm
d= h - C - DR/2 - DT/2 = 400 - 25 - 3 - 10 = 362 mm » d'= 35 mm
ii - Define Steel Area
Assume fcu= 30 N/mm² ; fy v= 250 N/mm² fy = 390 N/mm²

a - Define Steel Area at Support Mmax= 255.89 kNm

M 256 x 106 (Doubly Reinforced

k= = 0.325 > 0.156
2
bd fcu 200 x 131044 x 30 Section)

z= d.[0.5+(0.25-(k'/0.9))^(1/ 2)] = 362.[0.5+(0.25-(0.132/ 0.9)^(1/ 2))] = 297 mm

that z not exceed 0.95d= 344 mm so z= 344 mm
» As = [(k'. fcu.b.d^2)/(0.87.fy.z)]+As' = [(0.13x30x200x362^2)x10^6) / (0.87x390x343.9)]+2198
As = 3087.46 mm2 » Assume 11 T 20 » As= 3454 mm2
» P= 100(As,req / bd)= 4.32 > 0.13 < 4 » OK

b - Define Steel Area at Mid span Mmax= 160 kNm

6
M 160 x 10 (Doubly Reinforced
k= = 0.203 > 0.156
2
bd fcu 200 x 131044 x 30 Section)

z= d.[0.5+(0.25-(k'/0.9))^(1/ 2)] = .[0.5+(0.25-(0.132/ 0.9)^(1/ 2))] = 297 mm

that z not exceed 0.95d= 344 mm so z= 297 mm
» As = [(k'. fcu.b.d^2)/(0.87.fy.z)]+As' = [(0.13x30x200x362^2) x10^6)/ (0.87x390x297)]+1256
As = 2285.92 mm2 » Assume 9 T 20 » As= 2826 mm2
» P= 100(As,req / bd)= 3.53 > 0.13 < 4 » OK

2
 c - Check Deflection
Mmax 160 x 106
= = 6.10
bd2 200 x 131044
5 As,req 5 2286
fs = fy = x 390 x = 197 (Service Stress)
8 As,pro 8 2826
477 - fs
modification factor = 0.55 + = 0.97
120 (0.9+(M / bd2))
Bassic span/depth = 26 ( table3.9 in Code BS8110 Part 1 1985)
Allowable span/depth = 26 x 0.97 = 25.3
Actual span/depth = lx / dx = 7700 / 362 = 21.3
» » Allowable span/depth = 25.3 > Actual span/depth = 21.3 » OK
c - Link
Max Shear at Support
Vmax = 168 kN
Vstress = Vmax / bd = 168x(10^3) / 200x362 = 2.32 N/mm²
Vcapacity = (0.79/1.25) [(100As/bd)^(1/3)] [(400/d)^(1/4)] [(fcu/25)^(1/3)]
= 0.63 x [((100x2826)/(200x362))^(1/3)]x (400/362)^(1/4)x (30/25)^(1/3)
= 1.08
1/ 3 1/ 4 1/ 3
.0 10 As 40 fcu
kNm        
.17925 bd d 25

Vstress = 2.32 N/mm² > Vcapacity +0.4= 1.48 N/mm² (Case 3 in table3.7 in Code BS8110)
Asv≥(bv Sv(vs-vc))/0.87fy Assume 6 mm » Area of link Asv= 55 mm2
» Link SpacingSv≤(Asv x 0.87fy)/(bv(vs-vc)) = 48.2 mm » 80 mm
Hence R6@80
Shear at L/4 from the support
Vl/4 = 150 kN
Vstress = 2.07 N/mm²
Vcap. = 1.08 N/mm² Assume 6 mm » Area of link Asv= 55 mm2
» Link SpacingSv≤(Asv x 0.87fy)/(bv(vs-vc)) = 60.3 mm » 180 mm

3
Hence R6@180

4
RE-Design Section of Ground BeamGB9A
BS8110 REF. CALCULATION OUTPUT

I/ Design Beam GB9A effective span= 5m

1 - Loading Slab Panel 5x 2.5 m and 5 x 2.5 m and 0.12 mTHK
Dead Load
Left Side of the beam Right Side of the beam
Slab 24 kN/m³ x 0.12 x 2.5 = 7.2 kN/m 24 kN/m³ x 0.12 x 2.5 = 7.2 kN/m

Beam 24 kN/m³ x 0.35 x 0.2 = 1.68 kN/m

Other 0 kN/m² x 2.5 = 0 kN/m 0 kN/m² x 2.5 = 0 kN/m

Wall 10cm 1.2 kN/m² x 3.3 = 3.96 kN/m 1.2 kN/m² x 3.3 = 3.96 kN/m

Wall 20cm 0 kN/m² x 0 = 0 kN/m 0 kN/m² x 0 = 0 kN/m

Floor Finished 1.5 kN/m² x 3.3 = 4.95 kN/m 1.5 kN/m² x 3.3 = 4.95 kN/m

Total Dead Load 17.8 kN/m 16.1 kN/m

Live Load or Imposed load
Floor LL 1.5 kN/m² x 2.5 m = 3.75 kN/m 1.5 kN/m² x 2.5 m = 3.75 kN/m

Total live Load 3.75 kN/m 3.75 kN/m

Triangle or Trapezoidal Design Load
(1.4 x 17.79) + (1.6 x 3.75) = 30.9 kN/m (1.4 x 16.11) + (1.6 x 3.75) = 28.6 kN/m
Convert Trapezoidal load to uniformly distributed load for bending moment
Uniformly distributed Load30.9 x 0.67 = 20.6 kN/m 28.6 x 0.66 = 18.8 kN/m
Total uniformly distributed load
20.6 + 18.8 = 39.43 kN/m

5
BS8110 REF. CALCULATION OUTPUT

2 - Bending Moment
Max moment at support Msup = - ql²/12 = -82.14 kN/m
Max moment at mid spanMmid = ql²/24 = 41.07 kN/m
3 - Beam Section
L L 5000 5000
h= to = to » h= 357 mm » h= 350 mm
10 15 10 15
b= (0.4 to 0.5)h= (0.4 to 0.5) .350 » b= 161 mm » b= 200 mm
Cover: C= 25 mm ;Assume Steel Bar Ø DR= 6 mm ; DT= 16 mm
d= h - C - DR/2 - DT/2 = 350 - 25 - 3 - 8 = 314 mm d'= 33 mm
4 - Define Steel Area
Assume fcu= 30 N/mm² ; fy v= 250 N/mm² fy = 390 N/mm²

a - Define Steel Area at Support Mmax= 82.14 kNm

6
M 82.1 x 10 (Singly Rienforced
k= = 0.139 < 0.156
2
bd fcu 200 x 98596 x 30 Section)

z= d.[0.5+(0.25-(k/0.9))^(1/ 2)] = 314.[0.5+(0.25-(0.139/ 0.9)^(1/ 2))] = 254 mm

that z not exceed 0.95d= 298 mm so z= 298 mm
x=( 314 - 298 )/ 0.45 = 34.9

» Compression Steel Area

» No Steel Require
» Tension Steel Area
» As = M /0.87 fy.z = [(82x10^6) / (0.87x390x298.3)]
2
As = 811.592 mm » Assume 5 T 16 » As= 1005 mm2
» P= 100(As,req / bd)= 1.44 > 0.13 < 4 » OK

6
BS8110 REF. CALCULATION OUTPUT

b - Define Steel Area at Mid span Mmax= 41.07 kNm

6
M 41.1 x 10 (Singly Rienforced
k= = 0.069 < 0.156
2
bd fcu 200 x 98596 x 30 Section)

z= d.[0.5+(0.25-(k/0.9))^(1/ 2)] = .[0.5+(0.25-(0.069/ 0.9)^(1/ 2))] = 288 mm

that z not exceed 0.95d= 298 mm so z= 298 mm
x=( 0 - 298 )/ 0.45 = -663

» Compression Steel Area

» No Steel Require
» Tension Steel Area
» As = M /0.87 fy.z = [(41x10^6) / (0.87x390x298.3)]
As = 405.796 mm2 » Assume 3 T 16 As= 603 mm2
» P= 100(As,req / bd)= 0.96 > 0.13 < 4 » OK
c - Check Deflection
Mmax 41.1 x 106
= = 2.08
bd2 200 x 98596
5 As,req 5 406
fs = fy = x 390 x = 164 (Service Stress)
8 As,pro 8 603
477 - fs
modification factor = 0.55 + = 1.94
120 (0.9+(M / bd2))
Bassic span/depth = 26 ( table3.9 in Code BS8110 Part 1 1985)
Allowable span/depth = 26 x 1.94 = 50.5
Actual span/depth = lx / dx = 5000 / 314 = 15.9
» » Allowable span/depth = 50.5 > Actual span/depth = 15.9 » OK

7
BS8110 REF. CALCULATION OUTPUT

d - Link
Convert Trapezoidal load to uniformly distributed load for bending moment
Left Side of the beam Right Side of the beam
Uniformly distributed Load30.9 x 0.5 = 15.5 kN/m 28.6 x 0.5 = 14.3 kN/m
Total uniformly distributed load
15.5 + 14.3 = 29.73 kN/m Total load per m lenght for

bending moment 29.7 kN/m

Max Shear at Support
Vmax = ql/2 = 74.3 kN
Vstress = Vmax / bd = 1.184 N/mm²
Vcapacity = (0.79/1.25) [(100As/bd)^(1/3)] [(400/d)^(1/4)] [(fcu/25)^(1/3)]
= 0.83 N/mm²
Vstress = 1.18 N/mm² > Vcapacity +0.4= 1.23 N/mm² (Case 3 in table3.7 in Code BS8110)
Assume 6 mm » Area of link Asv= 55 mm2
» Link SpacingSv≤(Asv x 0.87fy)/(bv(vs-vc)) = 170 mm » 120 mm
Hence R6@120
Shear at L/4 from the support
Vl/4 = q(l-0.25l)/2 = 55.74 kN
Vstress = 0.89 N/mm²
Vcap. = 0.83 N/mm² Assume 6 mm » Area of link Asv= 55 mm2
» Link SpacingSv≤(Asv x 0.87fy)/(bv(vs-vc)) = 1073 mm » 150 mm
Hence R6@150

8
Check Existing Section of Ground Beam GB7 (Along Grid 4 from Grid E-G)
BS8110 REF. CALCULATION OUTPUT

I/ Check ExistingGB7 effective span= 6.6 m

A -Loading Slab Panel 6.6 x 3.3 m and 6.6 x 1.1 m and 0.1 mTHK
Dead Load
Left Side of the beam Right Side of the beam
Slab 24 kN/m³ x 0.1 x 3.3 = 7.92 kN/m 24 kN/m³ x 0.1 x 1.1 = 2.64 kN/m

Beam 24 kN/m³ x 0.2 x 0.4 = 1.92 kN/m

Roof Load 0 kN/m² x 1.7 = 0 kN/m 0 kN/m² x 0.83 = 0 kN/m

Wall 10cm 1.2 kN/m² x 3.3 = 3.96 kN/m 1.2 kN/m² x 3.3 = 3.96 kN/m

Wall 20cm 0 kN/m² x 0 = 0 kN/m 0 kN/m² x 0 = 0 kN/m

Floor Finished 1.5 kN/m² x 3.3 = 4.95 kN/m 1.5 kN/m² x 1.1 = 1.65 kN/m

Total Dead Load 18.8 kN/m 8.3 kN/m

Live Load or Imposed load
Floor LL 4 kN/m² x 3.3 m = 13.2 kN/m 4 kN/m² x 1.1 m = 4.4 kN/m

Roof LL 0 kN/m² x 1.7 m = 0 kN/m 0 kN/m² x 0.83 m = 0 kN/m

Total live Load 13.2 kN/m 4.4 kN/m

Triangle or Trapezoidal Design Load
(1.4 x 18.75) + (1.6 x 13.2) = 47.4 kN/m (1.4 x 8.25) + (1.6 x 4.4) = 18.6 kN/m
Convert Trapezoidal load to uniformly distributed load
Uniformly distributed Load 47.4 x 1 = 47.4 kN/m 18.6 x 1 = 18.6 kN/m
Total uniformly distributed load
47.4 + 18.59 = 65.96 kN/m

9
BS8110 REF. CALCULATION OUTPUT

B -Bending Moment
Max moment at support Msup = - ql²/12 = -239.43 kN/m
Max moment at mid spanMmid = ql²/24 = 119.72 kN/m
C -Beam Section
L L 6600 6600
h= to = to » h= 471.429 mm » h= 400 mm
10 15 10 15
b= (0.4 to 0.5)h= (0.4 to 0.5) . 400 » b= 212.143 mm » b= 200 mm
Cover: C= 25 mm ;Assume Steel Bar Ø DR= 8 mm ; DT= 20 mm
d= h - C - DR/2 - DT/2 = 400 - 25 - 4 - 10 = 361 mm d'= 35 mm
D- Define Steel Area
Assume fcu= 30 N/mm² ; fy v= 250 N/mm² fy = 390 N/mm²

a - Define Steel Area at Support Mmax= 239.43 kNm

» Compression Steel Area

Existing Steel Area 2 T 20 » As'= 628 mm2
» Tension Steel Area
Existing Steel Area 4 T 20 » As= 1256 mm2 0 T 25 » As'= 0 mm2
Total Steel Area 1884 mm²
» P= 100(As,req / bd)= 2.355 > 0.13 < 4 » OK
b - Define Steel Area at Mid span Mmax= 119.72 kNm

» Compression Steel Area

Existing Steel Area 2 T 20 » As'= 628 mm2
» Tension Steel Area
Existing Steel Area 4 T 20 » As= 1256 mm2
Total Steel Area 1884 mm²
» P= 100(As,req / bd)= 2.355 > 0.13 < 4 » OK
10
BS8110 REF. CALCULATION OUTPUT

c - Link or Stirrup
Convert Trapezoidal load to uniformly distributed load for bending moment
Left Side of the beam Right Side of the beam
Uniformly distributed Load 47.4 x 1 = 47.4 kN/m 18.6 x 1 = 18.6 kN/m
Total uniformly distributed load
47.4 + 18.59 = 65.96 kN/m

Max Shear at Support

Vmax = ql/2 = 217.7 kN
Vstress = Vmax / bd = 3.015 N/mm²
Max Shear Stress 0.8(fcu^(1/2)) = 4.38 N/mm²
Vcapacity = (0.79/1.25) [(100As/bd)^(1/3)] [(400/d)^(1/4)] [(fcu/25)^(1/3)]
= 0.95 N/mm²
Vcapacity +0.4= 1.35 N/mm²
» Vc+0.4 Vs < 0.8(fcu^(1/2))
Asv≥(bv Sv(vs-vc))/0.87fy Assume ø 6 mm » Area of link Asv= 56.5 mm2
» Link Spacing Sv≤(Asv x 0.87fy)/(bv(vs-vc)) = 29.7 mm » 30 mm
Hence R6@30
» Existing Link Ø 6 mm @ 150 mm not enough

11
BS8110 REF. CALCULATION OUTPUT

Shear at L/4
Vmax = qll/4 / 2 = 163.3 kN
Vstress = Vmax / bd = 2.261 N/mm²
Max Shear Stress 0.8(fcu^(1/2)) = 1.6 N/mm²
Vcapacity = (0.79/1.25) [(100As/bd)^(1/3)] [(400/d)^(1/4)] [(fcu/25)^(1/3)]
= 0.95 N/mm²
Vcapacity +0.4= 1.35 N/mm²
» Vc+0.4 Vs < 0.8(fcu^(1/2))
Asv≥(bv Sv(vs-vc))/0.87fy Assume Ø 6 mm » Area of link Asv= 56.5 mm2
» Link Spacing Sv≤(Asv x 0.87fy)/(bv(vs-vc)) = 46.7 mm » 50 mm
Hence R6@50
» Existing Link Ø 6 mm @ 150 mm not enough

d - Check Deflection
Mmax 120 x 106
= = 4.59
bd2 200 x 130321
5 As,req 2 1884
fs = fy = x 390 x = 260 (Service Stress)
8 As,pro 3 1884
477 - fs
modification factor = 0.55 + = 0.99
120 (0.9+(M / bd2))
Bassic span/depth = 26 ( table3.9 in Code BS8110 Part 1 1985)
Allowable span/depth = 26 x 0.987 = 25.6736
Actual span/depth = l / 250 = 6600 / 250 = 26.4 mm
12
 » » Allowable span/depth = 25.674 < Actual span/depth = 26.4 » NO

BS8110 REF. CALCULATION OUTPUT

e - Check Cracking

Refer 3.12.11.2.3 BS8110

1/ CLear distance between horizontal tension bars

Allowable clear distance between bars

= 155 (table 3.28)

S1 = (b-2(cover)-2(Ølinks)-2(Øbar))/2

= 47 mm < 155 OK

Clear Distance between the face of the beam and nearest longitudinal bar in tension
S2 = ((y2+y2)^(1/2))-(Øbar/2)
y = cover+Ølink+(Øbar/2)

= 43 mm

Allowable distance

= 155x0.5 = 77.5 mm

» S2 = 50.8 mm < 77.5 bar should be provided in side faces of beam to control cracking

Distance between bars

13
Sb ≤ 250 mm

Minimum size bar

Ø > ((Sbb/fy)^(1/2))

> 11.3 mm Provide DB12 @ 250

14
OUTPUT

15
OUTPUT

16
OUTPUT

17
OUTPUT

18
OUTPUT

19
20
Check Existing Section of Ground Beam GB9 (Along Grid E from Grid 7'-9')
BS8110 REF. CALCULATION OUTPUT

I/ Check ExistingGB9 effective span= 7.7 m

A -Loading Slab Panel 7.7 x 2.2 m and 7.7 x 1.65 m and 0.1 mTHK
Dead Load
Left Side of the beam Right Side of the beam
Slab 24 kN/m³ x 0.1 x 2.2 = 5.28 kN/m 24 kN/m³ x 0.1 x 1.65 = 3.96 kN/m

Beam 24 kN/m³ x 0.2 x 0.4 = 1.92 kN/m

Roof Load 0 kN/m² x 1.7 = 0 kN/m 0 kN/m² x 0.83 = 0 kN/m

Wall 10cm 1.2 kN/m² x 3.3 = 3.96 kN/m 1.2 kN/m² x 3.3 = 3.96 kN/m

Wall 20cm 0 kN/m² x 0 = 0 kN/m 0 kN/m² x 0 = 0 kN/m

Floor Finished 1.5 kN/m² x 2.2 = 3.3 kN/m 1.5 kN/m² x 1.65 = 2.48 kN/m

Total Dead Load 14.5 kN/m 10.4 kN/m

Live Load or Imposed load
Floor LL 4 kN/m² x 2.2 m = 8.8 kN/m 4 kN/m² x 1.65 m = 6.6 kN/m

Roof LL 0 kN/m² x 1.7 m = 0 kN/m 0 kN/m² x 0.83 m = 0 kN/m

Total live Load 8.8 kN/m 6.6 kN/m

Triangle or Trapezoidal Design Load
(1.4 x 14.46) + (1.6 x 8.8) = 34.3 kN/m (1.4 x 10.4) + (1.6 x 6.6) = 25.1 kN/m
Convert Trapezoidal load to uniformly distributed load
Uniformly distributed Load 34.3 x 1 = 34.3 kN/m 25.1 x 1 = 25.1 kN/m
Total uniformly distributed load
34.3 + 25.11 = 59.437 kN/m

21
BS8110 REF. CALCULATION OUTPUT

B -Bending Moment
Max moment at support Msup = - ql²/12 = -293.67 kN/m
Max moment at mid spanMmid = ql²/24 = 146.83 kN/m
C -Beam Section
L L 7700 7700
h= to = to » h= 550 mm » h= 400 mm
10 15 10 15
b= (0.4 to 0.5)h= (0.4 to 0.5) . 400 » b= 247.5 mm » b= 200 mm
Cover: C= 25 mm ;Assume Steel Bar Ø DR= 8 mm ; DT= 20 mm
d= h - C - DR/2 - DT/2 = 400 - 25 - 4 - 10 = 361 mm d'= 35 mm

D- Define Steel Area

Assume fcu= 30 N/mm² ; fy v= 250 N/mm² fy = 390 N/mm²

a - Define Steel Area at Support Mmax= 293.67 kNm

» Compression Steel Area

Existing Steel Area 2 T 25 » As'= 981 mm2
» Tension Steel Area
Existing Steel Area 2 T 20 » As= 628 mm2 3 T 25 » As'= 1472 mm2
Total Steel Area 3081.13 mm²
» P= 100(As,req / bd)= 3.851 > 0.13 < 4 » OK
b - Define Steel Area at Mid span Mmax= 146.83 kNm

» Compression Steel Area

Existing Steel Area 2 T 20 » As'= 628 mm2
» Tension Steel Area
Existing Steel Area 6 T 25 » As= 2944 mm2
Total Steel Area 3571.75 mm²

22
 » P= 100(As,req / bd)= 4.465 > 0.13 < 4 » OK

BS8110 REF. CALCULATION OUTPUT

c - Link or Stirrup
Convert Trapezoidal load to uniformly distributed load for bending moment
Left Side of the beam Right Side of the beam
Uniformly distributed Load 34.3 x 1 = 34.3 kN/m 25.1 x 1 = 25.1 kN/m
Total uniformly distributed load
34.3 + 25.11 = 59.437 kN/m

Max Shear at Support

Vmax = ql/2 = 228.8 kN
Vstress = Vmax / bd = 3.169 N/mm²
Max Shear Stress 0.8(fcu^(1/2)) = 4.38 N/mm²
Vcapacity = (0.79/1.25) [(100As/bd)^(1/3)] [(400/d)^(1/4)] [(fcu/25)^(1/3)]
= 1.11 N/mm²
Vcapacity +0.4= 1.51 N/mm²
» Vc+0.4 Vs < 0.8(fcu^(1/2))
Asv≥(bv Sv(vs-vc))/0.87fy Assume ø 6 mm » Area of link Asv= 56.5 mm2
» Link Spacing Sv≤(Asv x 0.87fy)/(bv(vs-vc)) = 29.9 mm » 30 mm
Hence R6@30
» Existing Link Ø 6 mm @ 150 mm not enough

23
BS8110 REF. CALCULATION OUTPUT

Shear at L/4
Vmax = qll/4 / 2 = 171.6 kN
Vstress = Vmax / bd = 2.377 N/mm²
Max Shear Stress 0.8(fcu^(1/2)) = 1.96 N/mm²
Vcapacity = (0.79/1.25) [(100As/bd)^(1/3)] [(400/d)^(1/4)] [(fcu/25)^(1/3)]
= 1.11 N/mm²
Vcapacity +0.4= 1.51 N/mm²
» Vc+0.4 Vs < 0.8(fcu^(1/2))
Asv≥(bv Sv(vs-vc))/0.87fy Assume Ø 6 mm » Area of link Asv= 56.5 mm2
» Link Spacing Sv≤(Asv x 0.87fy)/(bv(vs-vc)) = 48.7 mm » 50 mm
Hence R6@50
» Existing Link Ø 6 mm @ 150 mm not enough

d - Check Deflection
Mmax 147 x 106
= = 5.63
bd2 200 x 130321
5 As,req 2 3572
fs = fy = x 390 x = 260 (Service Stress)
8 As,pro 3 3571.75
477 - fs
modification factor = 0.55 + = 0.91
120 (0.9+(M / bd2))
Bassic span/depth = 26 ( table3.9 in Code BS8110 Part 1 1985)

24
 Allowable span/depth = 26 x 0.907 = 23.5731
Actual span/depth = l / 250 = 7700 / 250 = 30.8 mm
» » Allowable span/depth = 23.573 < Actual span/depth = 30.8 » NO

BS8110 REF. CALCULATION OUTPUT

e - Check Cracking

Refer 3.12.11.2.3 BS8110

1/ CLear distance between horizontal tension bars

Allowable clear distance between bars

= 155 (table 3.28)

S1 = (b-2(cover)-2(Ølinks)-2(Øbar))/2

= 42 mm < 155 OK

Clear Distance between the face of the beam and nearest longitudinal bar in tension
S2 = ((y2+y2)^(1/2))-(Øbar/2)
y = cover+Ølink+(Øbar/2)

= 45.5 mm

Allowable distance

= 155x0.5 = 77.5 mm

» S2 = 51.8 mm < 77.5 bar should be provided in side faces of beam to control cracking

Distance between bars

25
Sb ≤ 250 mm

Minimum size bar Ø > ((Sbb/fy)^(1/2))

> 11.323 mm

Provide DB12 @ 250

26
Check Existing Section of First Floor Beam B2a (Along Grid E from Grid 7'-9')
BS8110 REF. CALCULATION OUTPUT

I/ Check ExistingB2a effective span= 7.7 m

A -Loading Slab Panel 7.7 x 2.2 m and 7.7 x 1.65 m and 0.12 mTHK
Dead Load
Left Side of the beam Right Side of the beam
Slab 24 kN/m³ x 0.12 x 2.2 = 6.34 kN/m 24 kN/m³ x 0.12 x 1.65 = 4.75 kN/m

Beam 24 kN/m³ x 0.25 x 0.6 = 3.6 kN/m

Roof Load 0 kN/m² x 1.7 = 0 kN/m 0 kN/m² x 0.83 = 0 kN/m

Wall 10cm 1.2 kN/m² x 3.3 = 3.96 kN/m 1.2 kN/m² x 3.3 = 3.96 kN/m

Wall 20cm 0 kN/m² x 0 = 0 kN/m 0 kN/m² x 0 = 0 kN/m

Floor Finished 1.5 kN/m² x 2.2 = 3.3 kN/m 1.5 kN/m² x 1.65 = 2.48 kN/m

Total Dead Load 17.2 kN/m 11.2 kN/m

Live Load or Imposed load
Floor LL 4 kN/m² x 2.2 m = 8.8 kN/m 4 kN/m² x 1.65 m = 6.6 kN/m

Roof LL 0 kN/m² x 1.7 m = 0 kN/m 0 kN/m² x 0.83 m = 0 kN/m

Total live Load 8.8 kN/m 6.6 kN/m

Triangle or Trapezoidal Design Load
(1.4 x 17.2) + (1.6 x 8.8) = 38.2 kN/m (1.4 x 11.19) + (1.6 x 6.6) = 26.2 kN/m
Convert Trapezoidal load to uniformly distributed load
Uniformly distributed Load 38.2 x 1 = 38.2 kN/m 26.2 x 1 = 26.2 kN/m
Total uniformly distributed load
38.2 + 26.22 = 64.376 kN/m

27
BS8110 REF. CALCULATION OUTPUT

B -Bending Moment
Max moment at support Msup = - ql²/12 = -318.07 kN/m
Max moment at mid spanMmid = ql²/24 = 159.04 kN/m
C -Beam Section
L L 7700 7700
h= to = to » h= 550 mm » h= 600 mm
10 15 10 15
b= (0.4 to 0.5)h= (0.4 to 0.5) . 600 » b= 247.5 mm » b= 250 mm
Cover: C= 25 mm ;Assume Steel Bar Ø DR= 8 mm ; DT= 20 mm
d= h - C - DR/2 - DT/2 = 600 - 25 - 4 - 10 = 561 mm d'= 35 mm

D- Define Steel Area

Assume fcu= 30 N/mm² ; fy v= 250 N/mm² fy = 390 N/mm²

a - Define Steel Area at Support Mmax= 318.07 kNm

» Compression Steel Area

Existing Steel Area 2 T 25 » As'= 981 mm2
» Tension Steel Area
Existing Steel Area 2 T 20 » As= 628 mm2 3 T 25 » As'= 1472 mm2
Total Steel Area 3081.13 mm²
» P= 100(As,req / bd)= 2.054 > 0.13 < 4 » OK
b - Define Steel Area at Mid span Mmax= 159.04 kNm

» Compression Steel Area

Existing Steel Area 2 T 20 » As'= 628 mm2
» Tension Steel Area
Existing Steel Area 6 T 25 » As= 2944 mm2
Total Steel Area 3571.75 mm²

28
 » P= 100(As,req / bd)= 2.381 > 0.13 < 4 » OK

BS8110 REF. CALCULATION OUTPUT

c - Link or Stirrup
Convert Trapezoidal load to uniformly distributed load for bending moment
Left Side of the beam Right Side of the beam
Uniformly distributed Load 38.2 x 1 = 38.2 kN/m 26.2 x 1 = 26.2 kN/m
Total uniformly distributed load
38.2 + 26.22 = 64.376 kN/m

Max Shear at Support

Vmax = ql/2 = 247.8 kN
Vstress = Vmax / bd = 1.767 N/mm²
Max Shear Stress 0.8(fcu^(1/2)) = 4.38 N/mm²
Vcapacity = (0.79/1.25) [(100As/bd)^(1/3)] [(400/d)^(1/4)] [(fcu/25)^(1/3)]
= 0.80 N/mm²
Vcapacity +0.4= 1.20 N/mm²
» Vc+0.4 Vs < 0.8(fcu^(1/2))
Asv≥(bv Sv(vs-vc))/0.87fy Assume ø 8 mm » Area of link Asv= 101 mm2
» Link Spacing Sv≤(Asv x 0.87fy)/(bv(vs-vc)) = 90.4 mm » 90 mm
Hence R8@90
» Existing Link Ø 8 mm @ 125 mm not enough

29
 Shear at L/4
Vmax = qll/4 / 2 = 185.9 kN
Vstress = Vmax / bd = 1.325 N/mm²
Max Shear Stress 0.8(fcu^(1/2)) = 1.96 N/mm²
Vcapacity = (0.79/1.25) [(100As/bd)^(1/3)] [(400/d)^(1/4)] [(fcu/25)^(1/3)]
= 0.80 N/mm²
Vcapacity +0.4= 1.20 N/mm²
» Vc+0.4 Vs < 0.8(fcu^(1/2))
Asv≥(bv Sv(vs-vc))/0.87fy Assume Ø 8 mm » Area of link Asv= 101 mm2
» Link Spacing Sv≤(Asv x 0.87fy)/(bv(vs-vc)) = 166 mm » 160 mm
Hence R8@160
» Existing Link Ø 8 mm @ 125 mm safe enough

d - Check Deflection
Mmax 159 x 106
= = 2.02
bd2 250 x 314721
5 As,req 2 3572
fs = fy = x 390 x = 260 (Service Stress)
8 As,pro 3 3571.75
477 - fs
modification factor = 0.55 + = 1.54
120 (0.9+(M / bd2))
Bassic span/depth = 26 ( table3.9 in Code BS8110 Part 1 1985)
Allowable span/depth = 26 x 1.544 = 40.1452
Actual span/depth = l / 250 = 7700 / 250 = 30.8 mm
» » Allowable span/depth = 40.145 > Actual span/depth = 30.8 » OK

30
e - Check Cracking

Refer 3.12.11.2.3 BS8110

1/ CLear distance between horizontal tension bars

Allowable clear distance between bars

= 155 (table 3.28)

S1 = (b-2(cover)-2(Ølinks)-2(Øbar))/2

= 67 mm < 155 OK

Clear Distance between the face of the beam and nearest longitudinal bar in tension
S2 = ((y2+y2)^(1/2))-(Øbar/2)
y = cover+Ølink+(Øbar/2)

= 45.5 mm

Allowable distance

= 155x0.5 = 77.5 mm

» S2 = 51.8 mm < 77.5 bar should be provided in side faces of beam to control cracking

Distance between bars

Sb ≤ 250 mm

31
Minimum size bar

Ø > ((Sbb/fy)^(1/2))

> 12.7 mm

Provide DB12 @ 250

32
Check Existing Section of Roof Floor Beam RB1A (Along Grid H from Grid 2-4)
BS8110 REF. CALCULATION OUTPUT

I/ Check ExistingRB1A effective span= 6.6 m

A -Loading Slab Panel 6.6 x 1.65 m and 6.6 x 1.65 m and 0.12 mTHK
Dead Load
Left Side of the beam Right Side of the beam
Slab 24 kN/m³ x 0.12 x 1.65 = 4.75 kN/m 24 kN/m³ x 0.12 x 1.65 = 4.75 kN/m

Beam 24 kN/m³ x 0.2 x 0.4 = 1.92 kN/m

Roof Load 1.5 kN/m² x 1.7 = 2.55 kN/m 1.5 kN/m² x 0.83 = 1.25 kN/m

Wall 10cm 0 kN/m² x 3.3 = 0 kN/m 0 kN/m² x 3.3 = 0 kN/m

Wall 20cm 0 kN/m² x 0 = 0 kN/m 0 kN/m² x 0 = 0 kN/m

Floor Finished 1.5 kN/m² x 1.65 = 2.48 kN/m 1.5 kN/m² x 1.65 = 2.48 kN/m

Total Dead Load 11.7 kN/m 8.5 kN/m

Live Load or Imposed load
Floor LL 1.5 kN/m² x 1.65 m = 2.48 kN/m 1.5 kN/m² x 1.65 m = 2.48 kN/m

Roof LL 1.5 kN/m² x 1.7 m = 2.55 kN/m 1.5 kN/m² x 0.83 m = 1.25 kN/m

Total live Load 5.03 kN/m 3.72 kN/m

Triangle or Trapezoidal Design Load
(1.4 x 11.7) + (1.6 x 5.03) = 24.4 kN/m (1.4 x 8.47) + (1.6 x 3.72) = 17.8 kN/m
Convert Trapezoidal load to uniformly distributed load
Uniformly distributed Load 24.4 x 1 = 24.4 kN/m 17.8 x 1 = 17.8 kN/m
Total uniformly distributed load
24.4 + 17.81 = 42.229 kN/m

33
BS8110 REF. CALCULATION OUTPUT

B -Bending Moment
Max moment at support Msup = - ql²/12 = -153.29 kN/m
Max moment at mid spanMmid = ql²/24 = 76.64 kN/m
C -Beam Section
L L 6600 6600
h= to = to » h= 471.429 mm » h= 400 mm
10 15 10 15
b= (0.4 to 0.5)h= (0.4 to 0.5) . 400 » b= 212.143 mm » b= 200 mm
Cover: C= 25 mm ;Assume Steel Bar Ø DR= 8 mm ; DT= 20 mm
d= h - C - DR/2 - DT/2 = 400 - 25 - 4 - 10 = 361 mm d'= 35 mm

D- Define Steel Area

Assume fcu= 30 N/mm² ; fy v= 250 N/mm² fy = 390 N/mm²

a - Define Steel Area at Support Mmax= 153.29 kNm

» Compression Steel Area

Existing Steel Area 2 T 20 » As'= 628 mm2
» Tension Steel Area
Existing Steel Area 2 T 20 » As= 628 mm2 2 T 16 » As'= 402 mm2
Total Steel Area 1657.92 mm²
» P= 100(As,req / bd)= 2.072 > 0.13 < 4 » OK
b - Define Steel Area at Mid span Mmax= 76.64 kNm

» Compression Steel Area

Existing Steel Area 2 T 20 » As'= 628 mm2
» Tension Steel Area
Existing Steel Area 4 T 20 » As= 1256 mm2
Total Steel Area 1884 mm²

34
 » P= 100(As,req / bd)= 2.355 > 0.13 < 4 » OK

BS8110 REF. CALCULATION OUTPUT

c - Link or Stirrup
Convert Trapezoidal load to uniformly distributed load for bending moment
Left Side of the beam Right Side of the beam
Uniformly distributed Load 24.4 x 1 = 24.4 kN/m 17.8 x 1 = 17.8 kN/m
Total uniformly distributed load
24.4 + 17.81 = 42.229 kN/m

Max Shear at Support

Vmax = ql/2 = 139.4 kN
Vstress = Vmax / bd = 1.93 N/mm²
Max Shear Stress 0.8(fcu^(1/2)) = 4.38 N/mm²
Vcapacity = (0.79/1.25) [(100As/bd)^(1/3)] [(400/d)^(1/4)] [(fcu/25)^(1/3)]
= 0.91 N/mm²
Vcapacity +0.4= 1.31 N/mm²
» Vc+0.4 Vs < 0.8(fcu^(1/2))
Asv≥(bv Sv(vs-vc))/0.87fy Assume ø 8 mm » Area of link Asv= 101 mm2
» Link Spacing Sv≤(Asv x 0.87fy)/(bv(vs-vc)) = 107 mm » 100 mm
Hence R8@100
» Existing Link Ø 8 mm @ 125 mm not enough

35
 Shear at L/4
Vmax = qll/4 / 2 = 104.5 kN
Vstress = Vmax / bd = 1.448 N/mm²
Max Shear Stress 0.8(fcu^(1/2)) = 1.6 N/mm²
Vcapacity = (0.79/1.25) [(100As/bd)^(1/3)] [(400/d)^(1/4)] [(fcu/25)^(1/3)]
= 0.91 N/mm²
Vcapacity +0.4= 1.31 N/mm²
» Vc+0.4 Vs < 0.8(fcu^(1/2))
Asv≥(bv Sv(vs-vc))/0.87fy Assume Ø 8 mm » Area of link Asv= 101 mm2
» Link Spacing Sv≤(Asv x 0.87fy)/(bv(vs-vc)) = 202 mm » 200 mm
Hence R8@200
» Existing Link Ø 8 mm @ 125 mm safe enough

d - Check Deflection
Mmax 76.6 x 106
= = 2.94
bd2 200 x 130321
5 As,req 2 1884
fs = fy = x 390 x = 260 (Service Stress)
8 As,pro 3 1884
477 - fs
modification factor = 0.55 + = 1.23
120 (0.9+(M / bd2))
Bassic span/depth = 26 ( table3.9 in Code BS8110 Part 1 1985)
Allowable span/depth = 26 x 1.233 = 32.0652
Actual span/depth = l / 250 = 6600 / 250 = 26.4 mm
» » Allowable span/depth = 32.065 > Actual span/depth = 26.4 » OK

36
e - Check Cracking

Refer 3.12.11.2.3 BS8110

1/ CLear distance between horizontal tension bars

Allowable clear distance between bars

= 155 (table 3.28)

S1 = (b-2(cover)-2(Ølinks)-2(Øbar))/2

= 47 mm < 155 OK

Clear Distance between the face of the beam and nearest longitudinal bar in tension
S2 = ((y2+y2)^(1/2))-(Øbar/2)
y = cover+Ølink+(Øbar/2)

= 43 mm

Allowable distance

= 155x0.5 = 77.5 mm

» S2 = 50.8 mm < 77.5 bar should be provided in side faces of beam to control cracking

Distance between bars

Sb ≤ 250 mm

37
Minimum size bar

Ø > ((Sbb/fy)^(1/2))

> 11.3 mm

Provide DB12 @ 250

38
Check Existing Section of Roof Floor Beam RB15B (Along Grid E from Grid 1-5)
BS8110 REF. CALCULATION OUTPUT

I/ Check ExistingRB15B effective span= 9.9 m

A -Loading Slab Panel 9.9 x 2.2 m and 9.9 x 1.65 m and 0.12 mTHK
Dead Load
Left Side of the beam Right Side of the beam
Slab 24 kN/m³ x 0.12 x 2.2 = 6.34 kN/m 24 kN/m³ x 0.12 x 1.65 = 4.75 kN/m

Beam 24 kN/m³ x 0.25 x 0.6 = 3.6 kN/m

Roof Load 1.5 kN/m² x 1.7 = 2.55 kN/m 1.5 kN/m² x 0.83 = 1.25 kN/m

Wall 10cm 0 kN/m² x 3.3 = 0 kN/m 0 kN/m² x 3.3 = 0 kN/m

Wall 20cm 0 kN/m² x 0 = 0 kN/m 0 kN/m² x 0 = 0 kN/m

Floor Finished 1.5 kN/m² x 2.2 = 3.3 kN/m 1.5 kN/m² x 1.65 = 2.48 kN/m

Total Dead Load 15.8 kN/m 8.5 kN/m

Live Load or Imposed load
Floor LL 1.5 kN/m² x 2.2 m = 3.3 kN/m 1.5 kN/m² x 1.65 m = 2.48 kN/m

Roof LL 1.5 kN/m² x 1.7 m = 2.55 kN/m 1.5 kN/m² x 0.83 m = 1.25 kN/m

Total live Load 5.85 kN/m 3.72 kN/m

Triangle or Trapezoidal Design Load
(1.4 x 15.79) + (1.6 x 5.85) = 31.5 kN/m (1.4 x 8.47) + (1.6 x 3.72) = 17.8 kN/m
Convert Trapezoidal load to uniformly distributed load
Uniformly distributed Load 31.5 x 1 = 31.5 kN/m 17.8 x 1 = 17.8 kN/m
Total uniformly distributed load
31.5 + 17.81 = 49.273 kN/m

39
BS8110 REF. CALCULATION OUTPUT

B -Bending Moment
Max moment at support Msup = - ql²/12 = -402.44 kN/m
Max moment at mid spanMmid = ql²/24 = 201.22 kN/m
C -Beam Section
L L 9900 9900
h= to = to » h= 707.143 mm » h= 600 mm
10 15 10 15
b= (0.4 to 0.5)h= (0.4 to 0.5) . 600 » b= 318.214 mm » b= 250 mm
Cover: C= 25 mm ;Assume Steel Bar Ø DR= 8 mm ; DT= 20 mm
d= h - C - DR/2 - DT/2 = 600 - 25 - 4 - 10 = 561 mm d'= 35 mm

D- Define Steel Area

Assume fcu= 30 N/mm² ; fy v= 250 N/mm² fy = 390 N/mm²

a - Define Steel Area at Support Mmax= 402.44 kNm

» Compression Steel Area

Existing Steel Area 2 T 25 » As'= 981 mm2
» Tension Steel Area
Existing Steel Area 2 T 20 » As= 628 mm2 3 T 25 » As'= 1472 mm2
Total Steel Area 3081.13 mm²
» P= 100(As,req / bd)= 2.054 > 0.13 < 4 » OK
b - Define Steel Area at Mid span Mmax= 201.22 kNm

» Compression Steel Area

Existing Steel Area 2 T 20 » As'= 628 mm2
» Tension Steel Area
Existing Steel Area 6 T 25 » As= 2944 mm2
Total Steel Area 3571.75 mm²

40
 » P= 100(As,req / bd)= 2.381 > 0.13 < 4 » OK

BS8110 REF. CALCULATION OUTPUT

c - Link or Stirrup
Convert Trapezoidal load to uniformly distributed load for bending moment
Left Side of the beam Right Side of the beam
Uniformly distributed Load 31.5 x 1 = 31.5 kN/m 17.8 x 1 = 17.8 kN/m
Total uniformly distributed load
31.5 + 17.81 = 49.273 kN/m

Max Shear at Support

Vmax = ql/2 = 243.9 kN
Vstress = Vmax / bd = 1.739 N/mm²
Max Shear Stress 0.8(fcu^(1/2)) = 4.38 N/mm²
Vcapacity = (0.79/1.25) [(100As/bd)^(1/3)] [(400/d)^(1/4)] [(fcu/25)^(1/3)]
= 0.80 N/mm²
Vcapacity +0.4= 1.20 N/mm²
» Vc+0.4 Vs < 0.8(fcu^(1/2))
Asv≥(bv Sv(vs-vc))/0.87fy Assume ø 8 mm » Area of link Asv= 101 mm2
» Link Spacing Sv≤(Asv x 0.87fy)/(bv(vs-vc)) = 93.1 mm » 90 mm
Hence R8@90
» Existing Link Ø 8 mm @ 125 mm not enough

41
 Shear at L/4
Vmax = qll/4 / 2 = 182.9 kN
Vstress = Vmax / bd = 1.304 N/mm²
Max Shear Stress 0.8(fcu^(1/2)) = 1.96 N/mm²
Vcapacity = (0.79/1.25) [(100As/bd)^(1/3)] [(400/d)^(1/4)] [(fcu/25)^(1/3)]
= 0.80 N/mm²
Vcapacity +0.4= 1.20 N/mm²
» Vc+0.4 Vs < 0.8(fcu^(1/2))
Asv≥(bv Sv(vs-vc))/0.87fy Assume Ø 8 mm » Area of link Asv= 101 mm2
» Link Spacing Sv≤(Asv x 0.87fy)/(bv(vs-vc)) = 173 mm » 170 mm
Hence R8@170
» Existing Link Ø 8 mm @ 125 mm safe enough

d - Check Deflection
Mmax 201 x 106
= = 2.56
bd2 250 x 314721
5 As,req 2 3572
fs = fy = x 390 x = 260 (Service Stress)
8 As,pro 3 3571.75
477 - fs
modification factor = 0.55 + = 1.34
120 (0.9+(M / bd2))
Bassic span/depth = 26 ( table3.9 in Code BS8110 Part 1 1985)
Allowable span/depth = 26 x 1.336 = 34.727
Actual span/depth = l / 250 = 9900 / 250 = 39.6 mm
» » Allowable span/depth = 34.727 < Actual span/depth = 39.6 » NO

42
e - Check Cracking

Refer 3.12.11.2.3 BS8110

1/ CLear distance between horizontal tension bars

Allowable clear distance between bars

= 155 (table 3.28)

S1 = (b-2(cover)-2(Ølinks)-2(Øbar))/2

= 67 mm < 155 OK

Clear Distance between the face of the beam and nearest longitudinal bar in tension
S2 = ((y2+y2)^(1/2))-(Øbar/2)
y = cover+Ølink+(Øbar/2)

= 45.5 mm

Allowable distance

= 155x0.5 = 77.5 mm

» S2 = 51.8 mm < 77.5 bar should be provided in side faces of beam to control cracking

Distance between bars

Sb ≤ 250 mm

43
Minimum size bar

Ø > ((Sbb/fy)^(1/2))

> 12.7 mm

Provide DB12 @ 250

44
Check Existing Section of First Floor Beam B1 (Along Grid G from Grid 13-15)
BS8110 REF. CALCULATION OUTPUT

I/ Check ExistingB1 effective span= 6.6 m

A -Loading Slab Panel 6.6 x 2.2 m and 6.6 x 0 m and 0.12 mTHK
Dead Load
Left Side of the beam Right Side of the beam
Slab 24 kN/m³ x 0.12 x 2.2 = 6.34 kN/m 24 kN/m³ x 0.12 x 0 = 0 kN/m

Beam 24 kN/m³ x 0.2 x 0.3 = 1.44 kN/m

Roof Load 0 kN/m² x 1.7 = 0 kN/m 0 kN/m² x 0.83 = 0 kN/m

Wall 10cm 0 kN/m² x 3.3 = 0 kN/m 0 kN/m² x 3.3 = 0 kN/m

Wall 20cm 2.3 kN/m² x 4.3 = 9.89 kN/m 2.3 kN/m² x 0 = 0 kN/m

Floor Finished 1.5 kN/m² x 2.2 = 3.3 kN/m 1.5 kN/m² x 0 = 0 kN/m

Total Dead Load 21.0 kN/m 0.0 kN/m

Live Load or Imposed load
Floor LL 4 kN/m² x 2.2 m = 8.8 kN/m 4 kN/m² x 0m = 0 kN/m

Roof LL 0 kN/m² x 1.7 m = 0 kN/m 0 kN/m² x 0.83 m = 0 kN/m

Total live Load 8.8 kN/m 0 kN/m

Triangle or Trapezoidal Design Load
(1.4 x 20.97) + (1.6 x 8.8) = 43.4 kN/m (1.4 x 0) + (1.6 x 0) = 0.0 kN/m
Convert Trapezoidal load to uniformly distributed load
Uniformly distributed Load 43.4 x 1 = 43.4 kN/m 0.0 x 1 = 0 kN/m
Total uniformly distributed load
43.4 + 0 = 43.432 kN/m

45
BS8110 REF. CALCULATION OUTPUT

B -Bending Moment
Max moment at support Msup = - ql²/12 = -157.66 kN/m
Max moment at mid spanMmid = ql²/24 = 78.83 kN/m
C -Beam Section
L L 6600 6600
h= to = to » h= 471.429 mm » h= 300 mm
10 15 10 15
b= (0.4 to 0.5)h= (0.4 to 0.5) . 300 » b= 212.143 mm » b= 200 mm
Cover: C= 25 mm ;Assume Steel Bar Ø DR= 8 mm ; DT= 20 mm
d= h - C - DR/2 - DT/2 = 300 - 25 - 4 - 10 = 261 mm d'= 35 mm

D- Define Steel Area

Assume fcu= 30 N/mm² ; fy v= 250 N/mm² fy = 390 N/mm²

a - Define Steel Area at Support Mmax= 157.66 kNm

» Compression Steel Area

Existing Steel Area 2 T 16 » As'= 402 mm2
» Tension Steel Area
Existing Steel Area 4 T 20 » As= 1256 mm2 0 T 25 » As'= 0 mm2
Total Steel Area 1657.92 mm²
» P= 100(As,req / bd)= 2.763 > 0.13 < 4 » OK
b - Define Steel Area at Mid span Mmax= 78.83 kNm

» Compression Steel Area

Existing Steel Area 2 T 16 » As'= 628 mm2
» Tension Steel Area
Existing Steel Area 3 T 16 » As= 603 mm2
Total Steel Area 1230.88 mm²

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 » P= 100(As,req / bd)= 2.051 > 0.13 < 4 » OK

BS8110 REF. CALCULATION OUTPUT

c - Link or Stirrup
Convert Trapezoidal load to uniformly distributed load for bending moment
Left Side of the beam Right Side of the beam
Uniformly distributed Load 43.4 x 1 = 43.4 kN/m 0.0 x 1 = 0 kN/m
Total uniformly distributed load
43.4 + 0 = 43.432 kN/m

Max Shear at Support

Vmax = ql/2 = 143.3 kN
Vstress = Vmax / bd = 2.746 N/mm²
Max Shear Stress 0.8(fcu^(1/2)) = 4.38 N/mm²
Vcapacity = (0.79/1.25) [(100As/bd)^(1/3)] [(400/d)^(1/4)] [(fcu/25)^(1/3)]
= 1.09 N/mm²
Vcapacity +0.4= 1.49 N/mm²
» Vc+0.4 Vs < 0.8(fcu^(1/2))
Asv≥(bv Sv(vs-vc))/0.87fy Assume ø 8 mm » Area of link Asv= 101 mm2
» Link Spacing Sv≤(Asv x 0.87fy)/(bv(vs-vc)) = 66.2 mm » 70 mm
Hence R8@70
» Existing Link Ø 8 mm @ 125 mm not enough

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 Shear at L/4
Vmax = qll/4 / 2 = 107.5 kN
Vstress = Vmax / bd = 2.059 N/mm²
Max Shear Stress 0.8(fcu^(1/2)) = 1.39 N/mm²
Vcapacity = (0.79/1.25) [(100As/bd)^(1/3)] [(400/d)^(1/4)] [(fcu/25)^(1/3)]
= 1.09 N/mm²
Vcapacity +0.4= 1.49 N/mm²
» Vc+0.4 Vs < 0.8(fcu^(1/2))
Asv≥(bv Sv(vs-vc))/0.87fy Assume Ø 8 mm » Area of link Asv= 101 mm2
» Link Spacing Sv≤(Asv x 0.87fy)/(bv(vs-vc)) = 113 mm » 100 mm
Hence R8@100
» Existing Link Ø 8 mm @ 125 mm not enough

d - Check Deflection
Mmax 78.8 x 106
= = 5.79
bd2 200 x 68121
5 As,req 2 1231
fs = fy = x 390 x = 260 (Service Stress)
8 As,pro 3 1230.88
477 - fs
modification factor = 0.55 + = 0.9
120 (0.9+(M / bd2))
Bassic span/depth = 26 ( table3.9 in Code BS8110 Part 1 1985)
Allowable span/depth = 26 x 0.897 = 23.3288
Actual span/depth = l / 250 = 6600 / 250 = 26.4 mm
» » Allowable span/depth = 23.329 < Actual span/depth = 26.4 » NO

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e - Check Cracking

Refer 3.12.11.2.3 BS8110

1/ CLear distance between horizontal tension bars

Allowable clear distance between bars

= 155 (table 3.28)

S1 = (b-2(cover)-2(Ølinks)-2(Øbar))/2

= 51 mm < 155 OK

Clear Distance between the face of the beam and nearest longitudinal bar in tension
S2 = ((y2+y2)^(1/2))-(Øbar/2)
y = cover+Ølink+(Øbar/2)

= 41 mm

Allowable distance

= 155x0.5 = 77.5 mm

» S2 = 50 mm < 77.5 bar should be provided in side faces of beam to control cracking

Distance between bars

Sb ≤ 250 mm

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Minimum size bar

Ø > ((Sbb/fy)^(1/2))

> 11.3 mm

Provide DB12 @ 250

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