xii CONTENTS

11.2.2 The DOCSIS MAC Frame Format 275

11.2.3 The DOCSIS MAC Protocol Operation 277
11.2.4 Quality of Service (QoS) 280
11.3 The ATM Passive Optical Network 281
11.3.1 Frame Structures for Downstream and Upstream
Transmission 284
11.3.2 The PLOAM Cell 285
11.3.3 The Divided-slots Cell 287
11.3.4 Churning 289
11.3.5 Ranging 289
Problems 289

12 Voice Over ATM and MPLS 291

12.1 Background 292
12.1.1 Basic Concepts 292
12.1.2 Channel-Associated Signaling (CAS) 294
12.1.3 Signaling System No. 7 (SS7) 296
12.1.4 Narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN) 297
12.1.5 Digital Subscriber Signaling System No. 1 (DSS1) 300
12.2 Voice Over ATM Specifications 301
12.3 The Circuit Emulation Services (CES) Specification 302
12.3.1 Structured DS1/E1/J2 N × 64 Kbps Service 303
12.3.2 DS1/E1/J2 Unstructured Service 303
12.4 The ATM Trunking Using AAL 2 for Narrowband Services
Specification 304
12.4.1 Switched and Non-Switched Trunking 305
12.4.2 IWF Functionality for Switched Trunking 305
12.4.3 IWF Functionality for Non-switched Trunking 305
12.5 The AAL 2 Service-Specific Convergence Sublayer (SSCS) for
Trunking 306
12.5.1 User Functions 306
12.5.2 The Service-Specific Convergence Sublayer 308
12.6 The Segmentation and Reassembly SSCS for AAL 2
(SEG-SSCS) 310
12.6.1 SSSAR 311
12.6.2 SSTED 311
12.6.3 SSADT 312
12.7 Voice Over MPLS (VoMPLS) 312
12.8 TDM Transport Over MPLS Using AAL 1 313
12.9 I.366.2 Voice Trunking Format Over MPLS 315
Problems 316

Bibliography 317

Index 323