Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
&
Cementing Spacers”
Ed Robinson
Spacer Objectives
COMPLETION FLUID CEMENTING
Minimize
Thick mud fluid
to thincontamination
brine Minimize cement contamination
Denser Sharp
• mud to fluid interface
lighter brine • Rheology Hierarchy
• Minimize channeling • Minimize channeling
• Minimize contamination • Compressive strength
Complete removal of drilling fluid Erodability – congealed/dehydrated mud
Clean and condition tubulars Condition the formation – water wetting
MANAGING Density
INTERFACES
Density requirement – cased hole heirarchy – open hole
Compatibility Compatibility
Typical Spacer Train – Completion Fluid
OBM/SOBM Drilling Fluid Displacement
Density Viscosity
- -
Base Oil
Visc. - +
Density Viscosity
Brine
+ -
Barrier/Cleaning Spacer Interface
• What is the expected interface?
• Compatible and functional through heavy interface?
16.7 ppg mud, 16.7 ppg cement, 4 BPM flow rate, 60% standoff
Movement Efficiency
None 65
20 RPM 97
Efficiency is defined as % of annulur cross section containing cement
Downhole Delivery - Cementing
3030
2929
2828
lbf/100ft ft2
2727
2
lb/100
2626
Yield Point,
2525
Yield Point,
2424
2323
2222
2121
2020
7070 90
90 110
110 130
130 150
150 170
170 190
190 210
210
Temperature,
Temperature, °F °F
Enhanced
25
20
15
– Eliminate guess
10
5
0
40
measured on
35
30
25
surface 20
15
10
5
0
Surface Mixing Limitation Obtainable Downhole
Rheologies
Other Considerations
• Compatibility testing
• Wettability testing (conductivity)
• Cleaning efficiency
• Spacer criteria
– Separation distance (interval of spacer - feet)
– Contact time (minute)
– Surface area (or mud residue volume)
• Limitations – Rig equipment, environmental, etc.
– Risk analysis
– Engage all stakeholders
Questions
WHAT?