B.

PENGENALAN KEPADA PENGAWAL MIKRO

1. Mengenali sistem yang berasaskan pengawal mikro

1.1 menerangkan konfigurasi, gambarajah blok dan fungsi satu sistem berasaskan
mikropemproses/pengawalmikro

- juga dikenali sebagai single-chip microcomputer used primarily to performed dedicated

function
- Diguna pada mesin sebagai pengawal bebas(independent) atau sebagai hamba(slaves)
dalam distributed processing
- ia memuatkan semua komponen penting sebuah komputer pada satu chip-MPU,R/W
memory,ROM, dan i/o lines
- contoh pengawalmikro-mcs-48,51,dan 96, motorola 68hc11, zilog z8
- most of these microcontrollers have an 8 bit word size (except mcs-96-16 bit)
- at least 64 bytes of r/w memory, 1k byte of rom
- i/o lines varies from 16 to 40 lines
- they must include EPROM on the chip to enable programming from college lab

1.2 mengenali contoh-contoh pengawalmikro : 8051,8052,8031,80535

Frequency reference
counters

Oscillator & 4096 bytes program 128 bytes Two 16 bit

timing memory (8051 & 8751) data memory timer/event counters

8051 CPU

64K byte bus Programmable Programmable serial port

expansion control I/O Full duplex UART
interrupts synchronous shifter

interrupts control
Parallel ports, address Serial in Serial out
data bus, i/o pins
Gambarajah blok 8051

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INTEL MCS-51 SINGLE CHIP FAMILY

- 8 bit
- 12MHz clock
- Powerful instruction set
- 4K bytes ROM or EPROM
- 128 bytes data memory, 21 special function registers
- 4 programmable I/O (32 I/O lines)
- 2 16-bit timer/event counters
- Serial I/O port with a UART
- 5 interrupt lines : 2 for ext. signals, 3 for internal operations

Motorola MC68CH11 Microcontroller Family

- advanced 8 bit microcontroller with on-chip peripherals such as timers, serial I/O and
an 8-channel A/D converter and can operae in four different modes
- 40 i/o lines, 256 bytes of internal R/W memory can be expanded to 64K system
memory in expanded mode
- 48 pin package, operate up to 2MHz clock frequency
- 4 operanting modes
- 8K bytes of ROM and 512 bytes of EEPROM
- 256 bytes of RAM (R/W memory)
- 40 I/O pins with multiple functions
- 8-channel, 8-bit A/D converter
- 16 bit timer system
- 8-bit pulse accumulator circuit
- Serial communication and serial peripheral interface
- Computer operating properly (COP) watching system

1.3 mengenali struktur dalaman satu pengawalmikro

1.3.1 unit pemprosesan pusat
1.3.1.1 RAM unit aritmetik dan logik
1.3.1.2 Unit kawalan
1.3.1.3 Unit daftar sama seperti
1.3.1.4 Sistem bas
1.3.2 RAM bab 1
1.3.3 ROM

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 1.3.4 Labuhan masukan/keluaran

Port 0

Output

Input

Port 1

Output

Input

Port 2

Output

Input

Port 3

Output

Input

1.4 menjelaskan bagaimana satu suruhan dilaksanakan

1.4.1 mendapatkan suruhan
1.4.2 melaksanakan suruhan

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Inside the 8051

D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0

Registers
A DPH DPL
B
R0 DPTR 16 BIT
R1 PC (PROGRAM COUNTER)
R2
R3
8 BIT
R4
R5
R6
R7

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