LAB REPORT CIRCUIT ANALYSIS-II

(BSEE)
REPORT # 01
INSTRUCTOR : DR.GULAM MASTAFA

SUBMITTED BY:
 MUHAMMAD UMAIR S/O
M.YSASEEN
 REGISTRATION # 51
 SECTION : B

PAKISTAN INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING

AND APPLIED SCIENCES, ISLAMABAD
 AC Analysis of a Circuit using OrCAD Pspice
2.1 Objectives
The objectives of this lab are:
• to learn to use OrCAD Pspice for circuit simulation.
• to learn about different types of circuit analysis techniques available in
Pspice and to use AC Analysis technique.
• to compute the AC response of an RLC circuit.

2.2 Background
OrCADRM PSPICE Designer is a suit of application programs developed by
CadenceTM, US, for circuit simulation and analysis. OrCad PSPICE Designer is a
suit of two application programs:
 OrCAD Capture: A program for schematic design of circuits.
 OrCAD PSPICE: A simulation program that models the behaviour of a
circuit.
These two programs together provide a powerful circuit simulation and
verification solution. A Lite (free) Version 17.2 of the OrCAD Pspice is installed
in computer center. The lite version can be downloaded from OrCAD website.
It is a fully functional product limited only by the size and complexity of the
circuit. In this laboratory session, you will learn how to use Pspice to perform
AC analyses.

2.3 Equipment
A computer running Windows operating system and OrCAD PSPICE designer
software.

2.4 Procedure
The following steps can be used to perform circuit analysis using OrCAD Pspice:
 Start "OrCAD Capture". 2. Create a project: File → New → Project. Name
the project, choose "Pspice Analog or Mixed A/D." and select location
(better use a separate folder for each project). In the next window
choose, "Create a blank project."
 Select Place → Part. Place necessary circuit components (you may need
to add ANALOG and SOURCE libraries for necessary circuit elements to
 become available). Be sure to select the circuit ground (Place → Ground)
point using ”0”. Wire the circuit together. Specify the element values
and source attributes. Put voltage markers at the nodes of interest.
 Setup the required analysis: PSpice → New Simulation Profile. Name the
new profile; simulation settings window will pop up. From this window,
you can select the analysis type (Time Domain (Transient), DC Sweep, AC
Sweep/Noise, Bias Point), as well as analysis options.
 After the parameters are set click PSpice → Run. A new window will pop
up that can display traces (plots). If the desired trace (plot) is not
displayed then click Trace → Add Trace.

2.5 AC Analysis
Consider the series LCR circuit in Figure 2.1(As shown in figure below). Using
PSpice, perform circuit analysis in frequency domain using “AC Sweep”. Setup
the frequency range to make sure to include the resonant frequency. Obtain
the frequency dependence of the voltages across resistor R1, capacitor C1 and
inductor L1. Use sufficient number of points per decade for plotting smooth
frequency responses. Obtain frequency dependence of the voltage phases.
Also, obtain frequency dependence of the magnitude and phase of the current
supplied by source V1. Find the resonant frequency and indicate it on the
plots. Repeat for:
 L1 = 1 H, C1 =1 µF but R1 changed to 10 kΩ; and
 L1 = 1H, R1 = 1kΩ but C1 changed to 10µF. Comment on observed
changes.
Using the simulation results, draw the voltage phasors on vector diagrams for
L1 = 1 H, C1 = 1 µF, R1 = 1 kΩ at frequencies 10 Hz, 100 Hz, 1 kHz, and at the
resonance. For reference use the current phasor.

2.6 Results:

F=resonance frequency = 159.15Hz

Fig 2.2(Final Wave form of RLC circuit)

Fig 2.3(voltage phasor diagram of capacitor and inductor)
*Capacitor voltage is leading the inductor voltage

Fig 2.4(Current phasor Diagram)

*inductor current is leading the capacitor current
2.7 Discussions
Phase shift are independent of initial conditions. Therefore, actual capacitors and inductors
initial conditions may have either an initial voltage or current associated with them as well
as a phase shift.
At extremely high frequencies a capacitors impedance approaches zero allowing current to
flow unrestricted through the element. Capacitors at very high frequencies resemble a short
circuit.
Xc=[1/(2pie*f C)]

At extremely high frequencies an inductors impedance approaches infinite resistance

allowing no current to flow through the element. So inductors at very high frequencies
resemble an open circuit.
XL= [2pie*f L]

The total impedance of RLC circuit is as following :-

So, at resonance frequency the impedance of the circuit will be minimum i.e., Z=R, while at
frequency lower or greater than the resonance frequency impedance will be greater so
that’s why we observe the curves to slightly rise before or after the resonance frequency
point. Moreover at higher