Sistem Manajemen K3

(SMK3)
Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3)
FTP UB
OHSMS
 OHSMS
 Occupational Health and Safety Management System
 OHSMS aims to continuously improve OHS
performance through the effective management of
OHS risks and activities in the workplace.
 It contains a set of plans, actions and procedures that
assist an organization to systematically manage health
and safety risk associated with their business.
 Many organizations are implementing an OHSMS to
help them manage risk, address legislation and to
protect their workforce.
OHSAS 18001/18002
 OHSAS 18001/18002:
Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series, published by the
British Standards Institute. (BSI)
 OHSAS 18001 specification gives requirements for an OHSMS
 OHSAS 18002 explains the requirements of the specification and shows
you how to work toward implementation and registration.

 It is not an ISO standard, but integrates well with

ISO 9001 (quality) and ISO 14001 (environment), and
applies to any organization.

 OHSAS 18001 does not state specific occupational health

and safety (OH&S) performance criteria. It sets a baseline
and implements continuous improvement.
General Requirements
Follow a Plan-Do-Check-Act approach.
 Plan - Establish the objectives and processes needed to deliver the
results (in line with the OHSMS).
 Do - Implement the needed processes of the OHSMS.
 Check - Check the processes against the policy, objectives, targets,
regulations, and report the results. (Auditing)
 Act - Take actions that will continually improve the OHSMS.

ACT

CHECK
PLAN
DO
Dalam penerapan SMK3 perusahaan wajib melaksanakan
ketentuan :

Peningkatan
Berkelanjutan Penetapan
Kebijakan K3
Peninjauan Ulang dan menjamin
Peninjauan Komitmen
& Peningkatan
Ulang&
SMK3 oleh
Peningkatan
Manajemen
oleh manajemen
Perencanaan
K3
Pengukuran
dan
Evaluasi Penerapan
K3
 Wajib
dilaksanakan oleh perusahaan disemua sektor
dan terintegrasi dgn sistem Manajemen
Perusahaan
Harus Memenuhi Persyaratan Minimum :
- 5 prinsip dasar
- 12 unsur/elemen

Untuk perusahaan di sektor kegiatan usaha tertentu dapat merubah atau

menambah unsur-unsur sesuai jenis dan tingkat resiko bahaya yg ada
atas persetujuan Menteri
Pasal 5 ayat (3)
 Prinsip Dasar Pedoman Penerapan Elemen Audit
1. Penetapan 1. Komitmen dan kebijakan 1. Pembangunan dan
Kebijakan K3 1.1 Kepemimpinan dan komitmen Pemeliharaan Komitmen
1.2 Initial Review 2. Pendokumentasian
2. Perencanaan 1.3 Kebijakan K3 Strategi
Penerapan K3 2. Perencanaan 3. Peninjauan Ulang Desain
3. Penerapan K3 2.1 Perenc ident bhy, penilaian dan Kontrak
4. Pengukuran, resiko dan pengend resiko 4. Pengendalian Dokumen
2.2 Per. per uu dan persyart lainnya 5. Pembelian
Pemantauan, dan
2.3 Tujuan dan sasaran 6. Keamanan Bekerja
Evaluasi Kinerja 2.4 Indikator kinerja Berdasarkan SMK3
K3 2.5 Perenc awal dan perencanaan 7. Standar Pemantauan
5. Peninjauan kegiatan yg berlangsung 8. Pelaporan dan Perbaikan
secara teratur 3. Penerapan 9. Pengelolaan material dan
untuk 3.1 Jaminan kemampuan perpindahannya
3.2 Kegiatan pendukung 10. Pengumpulan dan
meningkatkan
3.3 Ident SB, penilaian dan penggunaan data
kinerja K3 secara pengendalian resiko 11. Audit SMK3
berkesinambung 4.Pengukuran dan evaluasi 12. Pengembangan
an 4.1 Inspeksi dan pengujian Ketrampilan dan
4.2 Audit SMK3 Kemampuan
4.3 Tindakan perbaikan dan
pencegahan
5. Tinjauan ulang dan peningkatan pihak
mgt
 MEKANISME AUDIT SMK3
Pengawasan oleh Instansi
Ketenagakerjaan pd
Pem.Prop, Pem.Kab/Kot Dibuktikan dgn
Audit

Eksternal Internal
(3 th sekali)

Badan Audit Pengusaha/

(Auditor) Pengurus

Wajib

Bagi perusahaan :
- Mempekerjakan Pekerja/buruh lebih dari 100 org
- < 100 org dgn tingkat resiko bahaya tinggi
 TINGKAT PENERAPAN DAN KEBERHASILAN
Tabel I

% Kecil
64 kriteria
Sedang
122 kriteria
Besar
166 kriteria

0 –59 % Tindakan hukum Tindakan hukum Tindakan hukum

Bendera perak Bendera perak Bendera perak

60 – 84 %
sertifikat sertifikat sertifikat

Bendera emas Bendera emas Bendera emas

85 – 100 %
sertifikat sertifikat sertifikat

Lampiran IV
MEKANISME SERTIFIKASI SMK3

Disnaker

RTA Badan Audit Depnakertrans

Konfirmasi
Jadwal Ev An
Perusahaan
Audit
Kesesuaian

Sertifikat
Laporan
Audit
 79

72
70
65 59

33

28 23
 PROSENTASE KEPESERTAAN SEKTOR INDUSTRI DALAM
PELAKSANAAN AUDIT EKSTERNAL DARI TAHUN 1997-2003

FARMASI

KONTRUKSI

5.50% 3.45% 2.40% 5.20%

4.10% GENERAL MFG

10.30%
ELEKTRONIK

PERKEBUNAN &KEHUTANAN

38.30%
PETROKIMIA (INDUSTRI KIMIA)

24.10%
OIL&GAS/MINING/PEMBANGKITAN
6.60%
MAKANAN&MINUMAN

DLL
Key elements
Key elements of all H&S HSG OHSAS ILO-OSH Auditing & Group
management systems 65 18001 2001 Improvement discussion

All recognized occupational health and safety management

systems follow the same basic and common elements:

A planning phase

A performance phase

A performance assessment phase

A performance improvement
phase
Key elements
Key elements of all H&S HSG OHSAS ILO-OSH Auditing & Group
management systems 65 18001 2001 Improvement discussion

Performance Assessment Improvement

Planning phase
phase phase phase

Active
Setting policy Communication Review
monitoring

Employee Reactive Continual

Organizing
participation monitoring improvement

Identification & Acceptance

assessment monitoring

Procedures
Key elements
Key elements of all H&S HSG OHSAS ILO-OSH Auditing & Group
management systems 65 18001 2001 Improvement discussion

Common basis for HSG 65, OHSAS 18001 and

ILO-OSH 2001 Plan:
Do:
Check:
Act
Plan Review against
Establish
Implement
Measure progress
plans to
standards
achieve
with
objectives
plans
objectives
for
and
health
and
compliance
standards
standards
andand
safety
withtake
Act Do managementaction
standards
appropriate
based on risk
assessment and
Check legal requirements
Key elements
Key elements of all H&S HSG OHSAS ILO-OSH Auditing & Group
management systems 65 18001 2001 Improvement discussion

HSG 65 is published in the UK by the Health & Safety

Executive (HSE) as a guide to successful health and safety
management.

The guide is more concerned with continual improvement

than the attainment of minimum health and safety
standards.

This framework is used by HSE Inspectors when auditing

the health and safety management arrangements of
employers.
Key elements
Key elements of all H&S HSG OHSAS ILO-OSH Auditing & Group
management systems 65 18001 2001 Improvement discussion

POLICY Review
Organize:
Plan
Measure:
Audit:
Policy:
and
Implement:
Put
Measure
Planned
Review
Set in
aaclear
of
structure
ORGANIZE and
Establish,
assessment
performance
direction, – and
arrangements
aims
operate
of
to
and
against
arrangements
actual
objectives
deliver
maintain
vs.
agreed
the
planned
forpolicy
good
the
to
PLAN &
effectively
systems
standards
ensure
taking
organization
into
they
toto
account
deliver
are
reveal
to
IMPLEMENT the
wherepolicy’s
effective,
relevant
follow aims
improvement
suitable
is needed
and
experiences
objectives
meet any
also
and
legal
MEASURE effectively
praise
requirements
applyinginstances
lessonsas of
PERFORMANCE goodas
well
learnt working
in-house
practice,
standards
REVIEW
compliance with
procedures, etc.
Key elements
Key elements of all H&S HSG OHSAS ILO-OSH Auditing & Group
management systems 65 18001 2001 Improvement discussion

OHSAS 18001 is an internationally recognized accredited

standard for occupational health and safety management.

The standard is similar in structure to ILO-OSH 2001, with

the main exception that it is only awarded to organizations
following a successful audit by an awarding institution.
Key elements
Key elements of all H&S HSG OHSAS ILO-OSH Auditing & Group
management systems 65 18001 2001 Improvement discussion

 Appropriate
On-going
Provide of
Procedures
Results hazard
adequate the resources
internal
to monitornature
audits and
POLICY  identification,
and scale
measure
Define risk assessment
of organizational
evaluations
OH&S
roles, of
responsibilities
and
and establishment
risks
performance.
compliance
accountabilities. of
necessary control measures.
 Commitment
Appoint of
Procedures
Results a senior to evaluating
the
consultation
for manager
 Results
prevention
with
legal of
specificrisk assessments
ofOH&S
injury
etc. compliance. and
 Communications from
PLANNING 
considered
continual when
improvement
responsibilities.
Procedures
external parties
determining
to record,
(including
risk control measures.
 Competent
Commitment
investigate and
complaints) persons
to analyse in
at least
 Results documented and kept
 place.
comply
accidents.
OH&S with legal
performance
up-to-date.
IMPLEMENTATION  requirements
Effective
well internal
Procedures
How for dealing
objectives havewith
 Establish, implement and
& OPERATION  communication
Provides aprocedure structures.
framework
actual
been orapotential
met
maintain forfor
non-
 Procedures
setting andand
conformity foraccessing
employee
reviewing
including taking
 identifying
Status of investigations and
consultation.
occupational
corrective
legal and other standards
action.OH&S
corrective actions
CHECKING &  Appropriate
requirements.
Communicated
Records level of
demonstrating
 Follow up
documentation.from previous
CORRECTIVE ACTION  compliance
Establish,
Is reviewed with
implement the and
periodically
reviews
 Appropriate
maintain
management OH&S operational
objectives
system &
 Recommendations
controls
which must
18001. – purchasing, for
be measureable.
improvement
emergencies, etc.
MANAGEMENT  Internal audit programme.
REVIEW
Key elements
Key elements of all H&S HSG OHSAS ILO-OSH Auditing & Group
management systems 65 18001 2001 Improvement discussion

ILO-OSH 2001 is a guideline offering a recommended

occupational health and safety management framework.

There are main common elements with the UK’s HSG 65

and OHSAS 18001; the framework is not legally binding on
ILO member states and does not seek to replace national
laws, regulations or standards.

To be successful the ILO recognizes that there must be a

national policy on health and safety and occupational health
and safety management systems in place.
Key elements
Key elements of all H&S HSG OHSAS ILO-OSH Auditing & Group
management systems 65 18001 2001 Improvement discussion

 Development
Arrangements
Setting
Emphasisof onby
Performed
More emphasis of on
theahealth
plan
POLICY
POLICY following
introduced
and an
welfare
employee
competent
and
initial
responsibilities,
of workers.
participation
and
review
maintained
of any
for
accountability, existing
any
 Employees
trained and
personnel
Recommendations
health
preventative
and safety
safety
and/or at
competence, training
representatives to have
concerning
agreed
system. intervals.
corrective actions in
and communication.
sufficient
investigation timeofandwork-
ORGANIZING  relation
Plan
Cover:to
Effective
to performance
remedy any
supervision
resources
related to allow to
accidents,
monitoring,
deficiencies. audits and
ensure
effectiveprotection
Elements
injuries,
 of
ill-health, of
participation.
the
 management
Support reviews.
compliance
 workers
disease
Formation andofincidents.
management a health
 with national legislation
Arrangements in place
PLANNING &  andsystem.
Establishment of
safety committee.
andcontinued
for require continual
IMPLEMENTATION  prevention
Occupational
Employee andhealth
health
improvement.
improvement
 of the
promotion
andparticipation
safety should be
 management
Contain and
system.
measureable
programmes.
compatible
and realisticorobjectives.
consultation.
 Worker
integratedaccesswith to
the
EVALUATION  Hazard
 identification
National legislation
organization’s
records, other
monitoring
andcompliance.
risk assessment.
documents,
managementetc. systems
 Establish, implement
 Meeting
Health
 objectives.
and safety
and monitor
ACTION FOR training available to all
procedures.
IMPROVEMENT employees.
Key elements
Key elements of all H&S HSG OHSAS ILO-OSH Auditing and Group
management systems 65 18001 2001 Improvement discussion

Auditing should establish how effective the following three

components of the health and safety management are in
reality:
1 Management organization and arrangements
2 Identification and implementation of risk control
measures
3 Workplace precautions and control measures.
Key elements
Key elements of all H&S HSG OHSAS ILO-OSH Auditing and Group
management systems 65 18001 2001 Improvement discussion

To be effective improvement does not need to be expensive

or complex but can benefit organization:
 By decreasing the rate of injuries, ill health and damage
 By a possible reduction in the resources required to
maintain the system
 By accepting high standards and improvement in the
health and safety culture
 With overall improvements in the management system
itself.