Fan Trim Balance PDF

CFM56-7B TRAINING MANUAL
ENGINE FAN TRIM BALANCE (3 SHOT PLOT)
Objectives:
Given an Objective Exercise, the student will:
- identify the conditions where fan trim balance must be performed on the CFM56-7engine. (1.A.a.)
- state the purpose of the engine fan trim balance. (2.B.a.)
- identify the methods used for balancing the engine. (1.B.a.)
- Perform the maintenance practice calculations for the 3 shot plot procedure. (3.E.a.)
EFFECTIVITY 737-600/700/800/900/BBJ/COMBI/C40A
Page 1
CFMI PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
71-00-00 Aug 99
FAN TRIM BALANCE
Introduction
Why is fan trim balance necessary for the CFM56-7B
engine?
Purpose (2.B.a.)
The purpose of the engine fan trim balance is to bring
back the engine vibration level to a satisfactory level.
This ensures that:
- The engine reliability will not be affected by

abnormal vibration,
- Engine performance level is maintained for all
operational phases,
- Cabin noise is maintained to a satisfactory level.
The trim balance procedure should limit vibration levels

measured on fan and Low Pressure Turbine to 1.5 AVM
units during all engine ground runs.
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FAN TRIM BALANCE

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FAN TRIM BALANCE
Identification (1.A.a)
These are the conditions where Fan Trim balance
procedure is performed on the CFM56-7B to reduce
engine vibration levels:
- Fan or/and LPT vibrations are equal or more

than 3 AVM units or 6 mils Double Amplitude.
- After the replacement of 1or more fan blades

and the correction weight installed on the spinner
cone is more than 3.36 pound inches or 600 cm.g.
- After the repair of 1or more fan blades

and the correction weight installed on the spinner
cone is more than 3.36 pound inches or 600 cm.g.
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REASONS TO PERFORM A FAN TRIM BALANCE

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FAN TRIM BALANCE
Maintenance Practice (3.E.a)

These are the two different maintenance practice The four possible vibration monitoring units are the
procedures available to perform fan trim balance: (Endevco -203, -213 and Vibrometer -103, -113). These
- Airborne Vibration Monitoring Unit (AVM) Method units calculate the amount and location of weight
-The 3 Shot Plot Method necessary to balance the engine back to a normal level.
Airborne Vibration Monitoring Unit (AVM) The PO weight is selected and then needs to be installed
The procedure using the Boeing on board optional in the engine rear cone by the technician.
equipment installed in the airplane electronic bay on the
E3-2 shelf. This procedure is uses the vibration data for (Refer to the AMM 71-00-00 for more information.)
phase angle and vibration levels collected during the last
32 flight legs and when necessary during engine ground The 3 Shot Plot Method
runs. In case your aircraft is not equipped with such optional
vibration monitoring units, you still have one way to get
The AVM uses these signal inputs to calculate vibration your engine balanced using the alternate manual
levels: procedure called "the 3 shot plot."
-Vibration sensor from N1 bearing
-Vibration sensor from the FFCCV
-N1 Speed Sensor
-N2 Speed Sensor
The AVM signal conditioner continuously calculates
vibration data for several areas of each engine.
-Fan and LP compressor
-HPC Compressor
-HPT Turbine
-LPT turbine
The highest vibration level is displayed on the CDS, on
the vibration indicator.
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FAN TRIM BALANCE Engine is run again at the same speeds that the earlier
runs, and vibration levels are recorded.
General (3.E.a) Once again, Vibration amplitudes change, and are more
or less important that previous engine runs.
The 3 shot plot procedure philosophy
Third run
This method is used when no equipment is available to
Balance weights installed for the engine second run are
find out the phase angle of the engine unbalance.
removed and installed in a different position (120° apart)
from the second run. Engine is run again at the same
To find out the location and amount of weight to install on
speeds, and vibration levels are recorded.
the engine rear spinner cone, engine runs must be
Once again, Vibration amplitudes change, and are more
performed.
or less important that amplitudes recorded during
previous engine runs depending on the position of
A minimum of 5 runs are necessary.
unbalance.
Initial run
Engine runs analysis
The actual engine unbalanced condition is recorded
From the engine runs recorded data, a manual vectorial
through different engine speeds.
construction is performed to determine the amount of
First run balance weight to install, and the position to install the
weight. This is calculated using the different forms
Balance weights are installed on the spinner cone, and
engine is operating at the same speeds that during the available within the Boeing Maintenance Manual.
Weight is then installed on the engine rear spinner cone
initial run and vibration levels are recorded. Obviously,
according to the analysis calculation.
the vibration amplitudes change and are more or less
important that the one recorded during the initial run.
Final run
Second run The engine is operated to record the engine vibration
amplitude, and to verify that the level is within limits.
Balance weights installed for the engine first run are
removed and installed in different position 120° ap art) ,
NOTE: If during engine run with test weights installed the
vibration level is measured within limits, the fan trim
balance procedure is finished.
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3 SHOT PLOT PHILOSOPHY

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THE 3 SHOT PLOT EXERCISE

Aircraft and engine preparation is to be performed prior
to operation of the engine.
To read vibration in mils, vibration equipment is to be

installed. The vibration indicator in the flight compartment
reads in units and is not possible to read vibration in mils.
If the aircraft is not equipped with unbalance phase angle

recording features, it is not possible to know if vibration is
generated by the N°1 bearing vibration sensor or th e
FFCCV sensor. It isn't possible to read vibration in mils
either.
To obtain more information, install a selector switch

which isolates the signals coming from the vibration
sensors, and install the breakout cable. Disconnect the
AVM signal conditioner from its support (Refer to the
AMM 77-31-00), and connect the breakout cable to the
electronic shelf connector. Route the breakout cable up
to the flight compartment area and connect it with the
selector switch.
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PREPARATION
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Initial run
Prior to start the engine, a careful record of the actual Decrease the engine speed to the next lower N1 speed
balanced screws installed on the rear spinner cone must target defined in the AMM, (now 93,7%) and record the
be performed. Record the configuration on the Balance vibration levels red from the N°1 bearing sensor an d
screw location chart. FFCCV sensor.
Then start the engine, and bring it to stabilized thermal Important: Wait engine EGT and N1 parameters to
condition if the engine was shut down for more than 6 stabilize prior to record those data.
hours. The stabilized engine thermal condition is
obtained running the engine at 80% N1 for at least 5 Follow the same exact procedure to record vibration
minutes. levels for the next lower speeds. (85%, 81%, 66%, and
54%).
If the engine was not shut down the last 6 hours, stabilize
the engine in idle for 3 minutes, and then slowly Shut down the engine, and prepare balance weights for
accelerate the engine until the takeoff N1 target of the the next run called engine first run.
day is reached.
Important: Stop engine acceleration if the vibration level

equals 4 units on the vibration gage or 8 mils scale on
the indicator overlay.
Stabilize the engine at the T/O N1 target (if you can

reach this RPM) and record the vibration amplitude for
both N°1 bearing sensor and FFCCV sensor. Selection
of sensors output is selected through the selector
switch.
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ENGINE INITIAL RUN

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First run
Install three balance screws P05 instead of P07 balance
screws installed on the rear spinner cone.
You can now start the engine, stabilize it in idle. The

engine warm up procedure (stabilization at 80% N1) is
not needed.
Repeat exactly the same running procedure that the

initial run to record vibration amplitudes for both N°1
bearing sensor and FFCCV sensor.
Record the vibration amplitudes into the second column

of the three shot plot worksheet form.
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ENGINE FIRST RUN

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Second run
Remove the three P05 screws which have been installed
during the last run, and replace them with P07 screws.
120° apart from their latest position, install the three
balance screws P05 instead of P07 balance screws .
You can now start the engine, stabilize it in idle. The

engine warm up procedure (stabilization at 80% N1) is
not needed.
Repeat exactly the same running procedure that the last

run to record vibration amplitudes for both N°1 bea ring
sensor and FFCCV sensor.
Record the vibration amplitudes into the third column of

the three shot plot worksheet form.
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ENGINE SECOND RUN

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Third run
Remove the three P05 screws which have been installed
during the second run, and replace them with P07
screws. Next install 120° from P05 second run posit ion,
install the next three balance PO5 screws after removing
the P07 balance screws.
Now start the engine, stabilize it in idle. The engine warm

up procedure (stabilization at 80% N1) is not needed.
Repeat exactly the same running procedure that the last

run to record vibration amplitudes for both N°1 bea ring
sensor and FFCCV sensor.
Record the vibration amplitudes into the fourth column of

the three shot plot worksheet form.
Shut down the engine and proceed to the next step.
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ENGINE THIRD RUN

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Balancing weights calculation process

Once all data have been accurately recorded,
determinate the location and amount of weight to install
on the rear spinner cone to correct the engine unbalance.
Note: To facilitate the calculation, select only the speeds

where the three highest vibration amplitudes from each
sensor have been recorded in the initial run.
Give an identification letter to each one of the recorded

vibration amplitude;
- A = highest vibration level
- B = second highest vibration level
- C = third highest vibration level
for N°1 bearing sensor.
- D = highest vibration level

- E = second highest vibration level
- F = third highest vibration level
for the FFCCV sensor.
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3 SHOT PLOT EXERCISE

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Represent the initial unbalance on a polar graph. Choose
a correct scale size that will fit on the polar graph.
Represent each of the 6 points A-B-C and D-E-F on a

different polar graph to get accurate representation.
For each point, draw one circle from the center of the
polar graph. The radius of the circle you draw is equal to
the vibration amplitude that was recorded for the point
selected.
Note: For training purposes, only one point (A)

construction will be demonstrated in detail, the other
points will be shown later.
For the point A, the vibration amplitude equals to 6.5

mils. First define a scale which suits the amplitudes for
point A, and then draw a circle of radius 6.5 from the
center of the polar graph.
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Represent the First engine run vibration behavior with
the set of PO5 balance weights installed.
To represent it, draw a circle which has the radius of the

vibration level for the selected point (A), using the
identical scale used the step earlier.
For this example, the vibration level recorded for the

point A was 4 mils, so, draw a circle with the radius
taken from the scale.
Its center is located at the intersection of the initial

unbalanced condition circle and the radius passing from
the center of the graph to the central balance screw
position (here position 35).
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Represent the second engine run vibration behavior with
To represent it, you must draw a circle which has the

radius of the Vibration level for the selected point (A),
using the identical scale you used the step earlier.

point A was 8.6 mils.

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Represent the third engine run vibration behavior with
To represent it, you must draw a circle which has the

radius of the balance level recorded at the third run for
the selected point for the (A).

point A was 7.8 mils, so, with the scale, it is represented
with a 47 mm radius circle.

The scale used is: 6 mm for 1 mils of vibration.
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Maintenance Practice (3.E.a) W6 = 831.8 x U0 (initial unbalance)

R1 (calculated resultant for
Balancing weights calculation process point A)
The resultant R for the point (A) is the vector which is
drawn from the center of the polar graph, and the For point (A), this is 831.8 x 6.5 = 2002 cm.g
intersection of the 3 circles drawn for each run. 2.7
NOTE: If during your construction, the 3 circles do not The final calculation for the point (A) concerns the
cross in one point, draw the vector from the center of sensitivity. It represents how the additional weights
the polar graph to the center of the common area of PO5 added to the engine in 3 different positions (120 °
those 3 circles. apart) affect the balance condition of the engine for this
particular speed.
For this point (A), according to the scale we used, the
amplitude in mils equals 2.7 mils. Sensitivity = 831.8 = 831.8 = 308
R1 2.7
The angle of this vector has to be measured from the
vertical axis, so for this point (A), the angle equals 5 Calculate and fill in the information for all the remaining
degrees. points onto the corresponding form .
Calculate the balance weight W6 corresponding to

the point (A) using the formula.
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The angle of this vector has to be measured from the
vertical axis, so for this point (A), the angle equals 5
degrees.
You must also calculate the balance weight W6

corresponding to the point (A) using the formula The
angle of this vector has to be measured from the vertical
axis, so for this point (A), the angle equals 5 degrees.
Calculate the balance weight W6 corresponding to the

point (A) using the formula
The next step is to represent graphically each calculated

balance weight W6 for all the different points A, B, C, D,
E, F onto one polar graph.
Note: You must select a scale which permits you to draw

each point onto the polar graph.
For this example a scale of 1 cm for 500 cm.g is
selected.
Report each balance weight point at the correct angle

onto the polargraph.
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Balancing weights calculation process Do the same for all the remaining vectors AC, AD, etc.
Using the last polar graph fill out the form to calculate the
maximum amplitude for each vector. Once all amplitudes (U) have been calculated, select the
highest one to calculate the distance from P1.
To calculate it, you must graphically joint each point
which is mentioned in the form, starting by AB, then AC, In this example, the selected one is corresponding to the
then AD, up to EF. vector AD, where the amplitude equals 2.623.
Note: Once you measure the distance in between a and Using the formula which is the amplitude multiplied by
B, A and C, don't forget to transform this distance into the sensitivity of the point A, we will find the distance
moment weight using the same scale as used earlier 1 from point A.
cm corresponding to 500 cm.g.
For vector AB:

To fill out the first Sensitivity P1 column, get the
information (point A) from the chart . To fill out the
second Sensitivity P1, get the information (point B) from
the chart.
You just need to make the addition of those two columns

to fill out the SP1+SP2 column.
To calculate the amplitude (U), use the formula provided

into the form which corresponds to the distance of the
considered vector (AB) divided by the sum of the
sensitivity you calculated in column SP1+SP2.
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On the polar graph you used earlier and using the same
scale, report the distance you calculated onto the form,
starting at the point A.
Draw the vector from the center of the graph to this point,
and measure it.
Transform this distance into balance weight using the

scale, and measure the angle from the vertical axis.
Record this value on the form, this is what you need to

balance the engine.
In this example, the result is 1550 cm.g at 26°.
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In this example, the result is 1550 cm.g at 26°.
Going to the balancing weight location form, find out the

physical location of balancing weight position.
In this example, the measured angle is 26°, so the

calculated angle selection is the one in between 23 and
27 degrees.
The balancing weight must be centered into 2 screws

positioned in 34 and 35.
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Using the PO weight chart, find the balancing weight
required centered into two screws in figure 514.
Find on the right hand side column, the closest balance

weight corresponding to the calculated balance weight
needed.
For this example, 1527cm.g is the closest to the 1550

cm.g needed.
Balance screws selection is mentioned on the horizontal

line corresponding to the 1527 cm.g.
For this example, 6 screws are needed, and they are:
- 2 P06 screws
- 4 P04 screws.
To install them, number the screws from the horizontal

centerline in counterclockwise direction, corresponding to
the balance screws position Aft Looking Forward.
In this example, install P06 screws in position 34 and 35,

and P04 screws in position 32, 33, and 36 and 1.
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Last Engine Run

Remove the old balance screws and install the new
balance screws at the correct position in the rear spinner
cone.
Start the engine and operate it at the same speeds as

before on the run sheets.
Record the vibration levels at the determined speeds and

record them onto the vibration recording form.
Check that all vibration levels are below the limits found
in the AMM 71-00-00.
This concludes the fan trim balance "3 shot plot"

procedure.
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THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
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CFM56-7B TRAINING MANUAL

ENGINE FAN TRIM BALANCE (3 SHOT PLOT)

FAN TRIM BALANCE

- The engine reliability will not be affected by

The trim balance procedure should limit vibration levels

FAN TRIM BALANCE

FAN TRIM BALANCE

- Fan or/and LPT vibrations are equal or more

- After the replacement of 1or more fan blades

- After the repair of 1or more fan blades

REASONS TO PERFORM A FAN TRIM BALANCE

FAN TRIM BALANCE

Maintenance Practice (3.E.a)

3 SHOT PLOT PHILOSOPHY

THE 3 SHOT PLOT EXERCISE

Maintenance Practice (3.E.a)

To read vibration in mils, vibration equipment is to be

If the aircraft is not equipped with unbalance phase angle

To obtain more information, install a selector switch

THE 3 SHOT PLOT EXERCISE

Maintenance Practice (3.E.a)

Important: Stop engine acceleration if the vibration level

Stabilize the engine at the T/O N1 target (if you can

ENGINE INITIAL RUN

THE 3 SHOT PLOT EXERCISE

Maintenance Practice (3.E.a)

You can now start the engine, stabilize it in idle. The

Repeat exactly the same running procedure that the

Record the vibration amplitudes into the second column

ENGINE FIRST RUN

THE 3 SHOT PLOT EXERCISE

Maintenance Practice (3.E.a)

You can now start the engine, stabilize it in idle. The

Repeat exactly the same running procedure that the last

Record the vibration amplitudes into the third column of

ENGINE SECOND RUN

THE 3 SHOT PLOT EXERCISE

Maintenance Practice (3.E.a)

Now start the engine, stabilize it in idle. The engine warm

Repeat exactly the same running procedure that the last

Record the vibration amplitudes into the fourth column of

ENGINE THIRD RUN

THE 3 SHOT PLOT EXERCISE

Maintenance Practice (3.E.a)

Balancing weights calculation process

Note: To facilitate the calculation, select only the speeds

Give an identification letter to each one of the recorded

- D = highest vibration level

3 SHOT PLOT EXERCISE

THE 3 SHOT PLOT EXERCISE

Maintenance Practice (3.E.a)

Balancing weights calculation process

Represent each of the 6 points A-B-C and D-E-F on a

Note: For training purposes, only one point (A)

For the point A, the vibration amplitude equals to 6.5

3 SHOT PLOT EXERCISE

THE 3 SHOT PLOT EXERCISE

Maintenance Practice (3.E.a)

Balancing weights calculation process

To represent it, draw a circle which has the radius of the

For this example, the vibration level recorded for the

Its center is located at the intersection of the initial

3 SHOT PLOT EXERCISE