Sanskrit by Cassette Lesson 3 Endings Introduction to Nouns and VerbsOriginal Present Tense endings used for 2nd 3rd Sth 7th 8th 9th houses (gana) singular ual plat singular seapenon-we/sHeTuEY | fy a | oot tab 2ndpenonYOU.YOUALL | fy a: qi) si | thab Isepemon= WE f mi vab Present Tense Endings adapted for Ist 4th 6th 10th houses (gana) The above endings are adapted by placing the letter a (HT g in the Ist person ) before them. sngiar—— dalla singiar cu pelea eDme ees 3rd person - HE/SHE, THEY aa att atab anti 2nd penon - YOU, YOU ALL. |) asi ath atha ami avah— amab Iscperson = 1, WE | Once the verbal root has been formed into a base - all bases of the Ist, 4th, 6th and 10th gana end in 4 consonant without a vowel (ex.*%). When the present tense endings are added to a base, the beginning vowel of the ending, 3 a or 3 4 then becomes the vowel ofthat consonant. EX, When adding the above endings to a base such as ATH bodh.a verb of the Ist house, the initial FH or HT (a or a) of the endings (3H eic.) becomes the vowel of the final consonant % dh, of the Base ATF which has no vowel sound. Qe aa 4+ a= dh+a=dha hea = dha arg + af = atafer are + anf = arent box + at = boda box + m= boas ‘Thus the forms for the present tense of the ver 4% budh are: | bodtatt — bodhata | bodhanti [pods bodhathan| boda bodhami | bodhavah | bodhumah eee aerate hehe knows) they 2 know) they know See ee youknow | you2 know | you all know) Tknow | we 2know | we knowAs in the example of 4X budh on page 3, write out all 9 forms of the present tense ofthe Ist Conjugation verbal bases (with meanings): A bhay (be; he is, you are ete.) FAA may (lead; he ieads etc) — AE vad speak) ‘Add endings to the following Ist house verb bases, by writing them out in full and giving the meaning. ex, PL (auracey + AAT = UPA ~ he atacrs FATS pay + HA = FAA ivey + HA: GME (ca) + BEA AT (cross) +H TTT, (go) + HT PAA iteave) + AA TMA (sing) + ATA: = TEA (sco) + HAA = FAT (move) + WA = STF tcun) + Hf = FA (conquer) + ATE: TR (read) + ATA: FAT (comember) + WA = OL fail) + ATA: = Using the verbal bases in exercise Ib, translate the following into Sanskrit. He remembers. You both move You all run Tread. They both remember. We both sing you know They leave I see We go. We conquer. You all cross She sings. You move. She falls We both eat He lives We eat. Using the table on page 1, substitute the guna for each of the simple vowel sounds in these Ist house (gana) verb roots, in order to form theit bases. * Throughout the Sanskrit language, and here in the 4st house, guna substitution (when required) takes place in the case of roots which 1) have a short vowel as the next to last (penultimate) letter in the root. Ex. FA % is the final lever: 2) Also, guna can be the substitute of any final vowel, long or short. Ex. At to @ as ym tT yy Ra me RF 4