Sanskrit by Cassette Lesson 6 Pronouns te: Considerable additions have been made in the text of this lesson, which are not included on the audio cassette. They are kept distinct from the audio by page ‘numberings such as 3b, 3c ete. If this additional material appears difficult at first, you can go on and cover first the simpler material designated by the page numbers indicated on the cassette, and then come back to it later,Pronouns A pronoun is any word used as a substitute for a noun For example, in the sentence: “Boys study Sanskrit." Boys could be replaced by the pronouns: they: those; these; the others; all etc. "They study Sanskrit.” ete In Sanskrit, pronouns like nouns, require case endings. These, with only a few exceptions, are identical to: Masculine and Neuter nouns in 3 (lesson 4), and Feminine in 3 (lesson 5), Various pronouns like nouns share the same case endings. For example: Ist case plural masc. = T they = te / the others = 35% anye / all = A sarve, Endings which are unique to pronouns, and are different from masc. and neuter nouns in are indicated below by below by the screened boxes [—— Masculine Pronouns Endings Singul Dua tua 1) Subject a [3st 2) Direct Object 3) by / with 4) to / for (Indirect Obj.) 5) from ara 8) of s/s ae: Din fons at f wat: 1) Subject a uv aft 2) Direct Object a uv aft 7 ame as masculine Compare the endings of masculine nouns in 3%, with those unique to pronouns. 4) sing. | STR |) BHR | pu. far lie | S)sing, | STL || SATE, oly, | TAT) TOT 7) siny3rd Person Pronoun (4@) The most commonly used pronouns are the personal pronouns I- Ist person, you - 2ni and he, she, it 3rd. This lesson will focus on the third person pronouns. If the letter (Hin the Ist case sing.) is placed before the general pronoun endings given on the previous page, we get the forms of the 3rd Person Personal Pronouns. Masculine (he) |e at | a at at Lam a 1) Subject 2) Direct Object am 3) by F-with fail 4) 10 / for (ndirect Oj.) rea 5) from 6) of /'s Is Ty in/on/at 1) Subject a oa a ata Note: The regular neuter pronoun 1,2) sing, ending HAL ss seplaced by HA here 2) Direct Object Masculine 1 ae area) He knows, Spel Sunda 2 aR aver I know him. peated an FR done 3 AM It was done by him, "™'*=* "nen fen show 4) Fea Rae ferent T show the book 0 him, FLT come 5) ARTA aETeafa | It comes from him. 6) ARTA wate 1's the house of him (hi). 7 afer ea venti I see God in him. Neuter 1) aaa waft That (it) is the truth 2) Aa eat I see that (iv).