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BASIC CONCEPTS
01
Q.1 Define an atom. Name some subatomic particles of atom. Which of them are regarded
fundamental particles? 01(001)
Q.2 What is the direct evidence of existence of atoms? OR 01(002)
Can we actually see the atoms?
Q.3 (a) Define.
(i) Molecule
(ii) Macromolecules (Board-2003, 2005, 2006) 01(003)
(b) What is atomicity? What are monoatomic, diatomic and triatomic molecules?
Q.4 (a) Define: 01(004)
(i) Substance (ii) Element (iii) Compound
Q. 5 Define molecular ion. What do you mean by cationic molecular ion and anionic molecular
ions. Give example? (Board 2005, 2005) 01(005)
Q.6 Differentiate between. 01(006)
(i) Atom and Ion (ii) Atom and molecule
Q.7 (a) Define: (i) Relative atomic mass (ii) amu 01(007)
(b) Write a note on isotopes.
(c) What is isotopy?
Q.8 (a) Explain the term relative abundance of isotopes. 01(008)
(b) What are mono isotopic elements?
Q.9 (a) What is the Mass Spectrometer? How it works?
Name the first mass spectrometer. 01(009)
(b) What is the mass spectrum?
(c) Discuss the construction and working of Dempster’s Mass Spectrometer.
OR
How relative atomic masses of isotopes are determined by mass spectrometer?
(d) Name different techniques used for the separation of Isotopes. (Lahore-2004)
Q.10(a) Define fractional atomic mass. 01(010)
(b) How do you deduce the fractional atomic masses of elements from the relative
isotopic abundance?
Q.11 (a) Define 01(011)
(i) Qualitative analysis (ii) Quantitative analysis (iii) Percentage of the elements
(b) How the percentage composition of the compound is determined?
Q.12 (a) Define organic compounds. 01(012)
(b) How organic compounds are analyzed by combustion analysis and the percentage of
C, H, O determined? (Board 2006, 2005, 2006)
Q.13(a) Define the following. 01(013)
(i) Empirical formula. (ii) Molecular formula.
(iii) Formula mass. (iv) Molecular mass.
(b) How the followings are determined?
(i) Empirical formula of a compound
(ii) Molecular formula of a compound
Q.14(a) Define the following terms and give three examples of each. 01(014)
(i) Gram atom (ii) Gram Molecular mass
(iii) Gram formula (iv) Gram ion
Q.15(a) Explain the term Avogadro's number. Give its significance. 01(015)
(b) Molar volume.
(c) Why 22.414 dm3 of each gas has a different mass but the same number of molecules.
Q. 16 (a) Define (Board 2004) 01(016)
(i) Stoichiometry (ii) Stoichiometry amount
(b) State two laws on which Stoichiometry calculations are based.
(c) What are assumptions that must be considered while doing Stoichiometric
calculations?
Q.17(a) Define and explain the term Limiting Reactant. Give an example. 01(017)
(Board 2005, 2004, 2005)
(b) How Limiting Reactant is determined in a reaction?
Q.18(a) Define: (Board 2005, 2006, 2010) 01(018)
(i) Yield (ii) Actual Yield (iii) Theoretical Yield (iv) Percentage Yield
(b) Why actual yield of a chemical reaction is usually less than its theoretical yield?
Q.19 Mg metal reacts with HCl to give hydrogen gas. What is the minimum volume of HCl
solution (27% by weight) required to produce 12 g of H2? The density of HCl solution is
1.14 g/cm3 Mg + 2 HCl (ag) → MgCl2 (aq) + H2 (g) 01(019)
Q.20 One mg of K2CrO4 has thrice the number of ions than the number of formula units
when ionized in water. 01(020)
EXERCISE
Q.1 Select the most suitable answer from the given ones in each question: 01(021)
Ans. See in Objective.
Q.2 Fill in the blanks. 01(022)
(i) The unit of relative atomic mass is __________.
(ii) The exact masses of isotopes can be determined by __________ spectrograph.
(iii) The phenomenon of isotopy was first discovered by —————.
(iv) Empirical formula can be determined by combustion analysis for those compounds which have
__________ and __________in them.
(v) A limiting reagent is that which controls the quantities of __________.
(vi) 1 mole of glucose has __________ atoms of carbon, __________ atoms of oxygen and
__________ atoms of hydrogen.
(vii) 4 g of CH4 at 0°C and 1 atmosphere pressure has __________ molecules of CH4.
(viii) Stoichiometric calculations can be performed only when __________ is obeyed.