Numerical Analysis Z Transforms worksheet

Worksheet 1

1. Use the tables to find the z transforms of the following

a. 6 b. 2 c. e 2 k

d. e3 k e. cos3k f. sin4k

g. e 2 k cos3k h. e4 k sin2k i. 4k

j. 2k k. (3)k l. sin(k/2)

k k
 1  1
m. cos(k/2) n.    p.  
 2  4

q. (2)k r. (2)k

2. Use the tables to find the inverse z transforms of the following

z z 2z
a. b. c.
z4 z3 z5

3z 2z 3z
d. e. f.
z2 2z  1 3z  1

z
g.
z  e3

3. Find the inverse z transforms of the following

3z 2 z z 2  2z
a) b) c)
(z  4)(z  1) (z  2)(z  3) (3z  7)(z  1)

3z(z  2) 2z 2  z
d) e)
(z  2)(z  3) 2 (z  5)(z  4)

Worksheet 2

1. Solve the following first order difference equations

a) yk + 1  2yk = 1 (y0 = 2) b) yk + 1  2yk = 3k (y0 = 3)
k
c) 3yk + 1 + yk = 4 ( y0 = 1/3) d) yk + 1 + 3yk = 7k (y0 = 0)
e) 2yk + 1 + 4yk = 3 (y0 = 1) f) 2yk + 1  yk = 2k (y0 = 1)
g) 3yk + 1 + yk = 0 (y0 = 6)

2. Solve the following second order difference equations

a) yk + 2  2yk + 1 3yk = 0 (y0 = 0 and y1 = 1)
b) yk + 2  8yk + 1 9yk = 0 (y0 = 2 and y1 = 1)
c) 2yk + 2  5yk + 1 3yk = 0 (y0 = 3 and y1 = 2)
Numerical Analysis Z Transforms worksheet

d) yk + 2  2yk + 1  3yk = 0 (y0 = 3 and y1 = 21)

e) yk + 2  2yk + 1 + yk = 0 (y0 = 1 and y1 = 3)
f) yk + 2  4yk = 3k (y0 = 1 and y1 = 9)

3. A plant is grown from seed which is planted at the beginning of the first year. At the
beginning of the second year it produces 2 seeds, it produces 8 seeds at the
beginning of the third year, and at the end of the third year it dies. As the seeds are
produced so they are planted and these plants produce further seed in their turn.
How many seeds are produced at the beginning of successive years?
(solve yk + 2 = 2yk + 1 + 8yk given that y0 = 0, y1 = 1)

4. This problem is about a perennial plant; that is to say it does not die after a certain
number of years but it lasts indefinitely. I am given a cutting of the plant and I put it in
my garden at the beginning of the first year. After one year of growth it is not strong
enough to take any fresh cuttings from it, but at the beginning of the third year it is’
and so I take six further cuttings from it and plant them out at the beginning of each
year. Furthermore, every cutting is itself treated in the same way. After it has been
growing for two years I take six further cuttingsfrom it at the beginning of every year.
How many plants shall I have altogether after k years?
(solve yk + 2 = yk + 1 + 6yk given that y0 = 0, y1 = 1)

5. The Fibonacci sequence is 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, ..for which yk + 2 = yk + 1 + yk

1  1  5  1 5 
k k

Show that yk =     
5  2   2  
 

6. Smiths Eng Ltd borrow £ 80,000 from a bank to purchase a new machine tool.
The loan interest rate is 16% per annum compound interest. There are to be sixty
equal monthly payments spread over five years.
Let yk = the amount owed by Smiths Engineering at the end of year k
and M = the monthly repayment in pounds
a) Explain why yk + 1 = 1.16yk 12M
b) Use z transforms to show that yk = 80000(1.16)k  75M((1.16)k 1)
c) Show that M = £ 2036.06
d) Show that yk = 152704.69  72704(1.16)k
R
7. For mortgage repayments show that yk + 1  (1 + )yk = 12M
100
where yk = the amount owing at the end of year k
R = the rate of compound interest (%)
M = the monthly repayments
If £20000 is borrowed at 15% interest for 25 years show that yk = 626.6(1.15)k +
20626.6 and calculate the monthly repayments (M).
Numerical Analysis Z Transforms worksheet

Worksheet Answers

Worksheet 1
6z 2z z z z(z  cos3)
1. a. b. c. 2
d. e.
z 1 z 1 ze z  e3 z  2zcos3  1
2

zsin4 z 2  ze 2 cos3 ze 4 sin2

f. 2 g. h.
z  2zcos4  1 z 2  2ze 2 cos3  e 4 z 2  2ze 4 cos2  e 8
z z z z z2
i. j. k. l. m. 2
z4 z2 z3 z 1
2
z 1
z z z z
n. p. q. r. 
z  12 z  14 z2 z2
k
 1
2. a. (4)k b. 3k c. 2(5)k d. 3(2)k e.  
 2
k
 1
f.    g. e3 k
 3
k
12 3 1 k 1 13  7  1
3. a. (4)k + b. (2)  (3)k c.    (1)k
5 5 5 5 
30 3  10
d. 12(2)k  12(3)k +5k(3)k e. 5k + (4)k

10z
4.
z2

Worksheet 2

10 1 k 1
1. a) 1 + 3(2)k b) 2(2)k +3k c) ( ) + (4)k
39 3 13
k
7 7 7 1 2  1 1
d)  + k+ (3)k e)  {1 + (2)k} f)   + (2)k
16 4 16 2 3  2 3
k
 1
g) 6   
 3

k
1 1 3 17  1
2. a) (3)k  (1)k b) (9)k + (1)k c) 2    + 3k d) 3(1)k + 6(3)k
4 4 10 10  2
1 k 17 5
e) 1 + 2k f) (3)  (2)k + (2)k
5 10 2

1 k 1 k
3. yk = (4  (2)k) 4. yk = (3  (2)k) 7. M = £ 257.83
6 5
Numerical Analysis Z Transforms worksheet

The z transforms of some common functions

f[k] F(z)

z
1
z 1

z
k
(z  1) 2

z
e a k
z  e a

z
ak
za

az
ka k
(z  a) 2

az(z  a)
k 2a k
(z  a) 3

yk Y(z)

yk + 1 = zY(z)  zy0

yk + 2 = z2Y(z)  z2 y0  zy1

zsina
sinak
z  2zcosa  1
2

z(z  cosa)
cosak
z  2zcosa  1
2

a k ze  a sinb
e sinbk
z 2  2ze a cosb  e 2a

z 2  ze  a cosb
e a k cosbk
z 2  2ze a cosb  e 2a