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REVISED EDITION
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•
AIR
AIR
2 EA RTH
3 ELECTR IC ITY
• FORCES A ND MEASUREMEI~T S
PREFACE
• HEAT
6 LI GHT
7 LI VING THINGS - A NIM.ALS In th e present technological era it is important
8 LI VING THING S - MAN that all children should be given a basic training
9 LI VING THING S - PLANTS in scientific knowledge. The Basic Science
10 MAGNETI SM Series is written with this aim in mind.
SOUND The series includes 16 scientific topics each
"12 WATER of which is a complete information book. In
13 ANIMALS AND TH EI R YOU NG its entirety the scheme covers the syllabus
,.
,.
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SPAC E A ND M A N
LI FE IN THE SEA
ATO M S
generally adopted by upper primary Glasses and
lower secondary forms.
The text is supported by attractive illustrations
and is written in a style acceptable to a wide
range of pupils.
A strong feature of each of the books is the
© i 978 FEP international Privat.- Limited inclusion of many simple experiments under the
section " Things to Do". This encourages the
123456789S98 pupil to keep his own project book and ultimately
assists his understanding of Science.
Published in Australia 1978 by Great Western Press Ply. Ltd.,
71 Archer Street, Chatswood. N .S.W. 2067.
ISB N 0 86901 005 0
ISBN 0 86901 006 9
.
MOVING AIR
Moving air is called wind or breeze. How
can you make air move? Here is one way .
Hold an open book in your hands so that it
faces you . Close it quickly. Do you feel the 1
wind?
Sometimes the air moves very fast and causes
a very strong wind . A strong wind can blow
down trees and damage houses. The wind can
do many useful things too. It works windmills 3
and moves sailing boats. It helps to scatter 2
the seeds of many plants. The wind helps to
keep us cool. The wind produced by fans
cools the engines of many machines.
Moving air works windmills .
~------ ------~
Making a pinwheel
Things to Do
Make a pinwheel by marking a' piece of
- paper as shown above. Then cut along each
line. Bend over the corners. Push a pin
through the centre. Push the pin into a
pencil. Can you make the pinwheel turn?
I n how many different ways can you make
it turn? One way is to blow air from
your mouth. Another way is to fan it.
A third way is to hold it in your hand and
move your hand very quickly around you .
14 , 15
WHAT IS AIR MADE OF?
Dry air is a mixture of gases. Dry air contains
by volume:
78% nitrogen
21% oxygen
about O· 7% argon
about 0 ·3% carbon dioxide and other gases.
In tropical countries, the air is mOist and contains
about 3% water vapour.
Notice that 21 % or about t of the air is oxygen .
Plants and animals cannot live without this
oxygen. Plants also make use of carbon dioxide
gas in their green leaves to make food when
the sun is shining .
washer inlet
LO
PRESSURE
Anything which exerts pressure must have
weight. What is the meaning of pressure?
Things to Do
11
Take a piece of board . Lift it up. I S it
easy to lift up? Now put some heavy
books on the board. Lift up the board
again. Is it as easy to lift as before?
The books you put on the board have weight.
When these books are on the board, their weight
Does the board exert pressure 7
!!
Is the pres5ur19 greater now?
Things to Do
Stretch out your hand and place a book
on your outstretched palm . Can you feel a
pressure? What causes the pressure? Tie
a string to the book and hold the string with
your fingers. Can you feel a pressure again 7
What causes the pressure?
25
Things to Do
(i) You will need a rubber sucker. The kit-
chen sink pump can be used as a rubber
sucker. Wet the seat of a wooden chair or
stool. Set the rubber sucker upright on the
Is it possible to lift the stool with the rubber
sucker?
A deep sea diver
wears a suit which
protects him from
the pressure exerted
by water.
Things to Do
Take a medicine dropper and dip the
tip into some water. Press the rubber bulb.
What do you see? Release the bulb and see
what happens. What makes the water enter
the dropper?
A fountain pen
J
Making use of air pressure
I