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siqgur pRswid

id`lI &qih
dw nwiek
srdwr bGyl isMG

(123)
 smrpx

mhwn is`K jrnYl

BweI bGyl isMG
Aqy
swQI isMGW

nUM

ijnHW ny gurU ikRpw sdkw bhwdrI dy jOhr idKw, A`q dy d`uKVy J`l ky
id`lI dy lwl iklHy ’qy ^wlseI inSwn swihb Julw ky idRVqw sihq
gurU GrW dI syvw krweI[

(124)
 pihlI vwr CpI
2018

sB h`k pRkwSk dy rwKvyN hn

lyKk
hrBjn isMG syKoN
ipMf dwKw, kwlj rof dwKw,
ijlHw luiDAwxw[

email sekhonhsd@yahoo.com
phone : 9463377009(India)

knyfw dw pqw
12632 60 eYvinaU, srI (bI.sI.) V3X2LI
Phone : 7782181432 (Canada)

Cwpk
PuAwiel pRirMtrz
luiDAwxw
Phone +911612404079, 2404093
email-foilludhiana@gmail.com
w.w.w.foilprintersludhiana.com

(125)
 qqkrw

pMnw nM:

mu`K bMd 1

do Sbd 4

BUimkw 5

AiDAwie
1. jIvn pMD 11
2. bMdw isMG bhwdr dI Shwdq 25
ip`CoN isMGW ’qy duKWq dw kihr
3. dl ^wlsw Aqy is`K imslW 48
4. id`lI &qih krnI 81
5. id`lI ’c gurduAwry bxwauxy 97
pusqk pRmwx 121

(126)
 mu`K bMd
h`QlI pusqk ‘id`lI &qih dw nwiek srdwr bGyl isMG’ dy
mhwn kwrnwimAW ’qyy roSnI pwauNdI hY[ iesy ivSy sMbMDI pMjwb dy gUVH
ieiqhwskwrW, qrkvwdIAW, AwlockW, sdw bhwr kvISrW, sMgIq klw
iv`c Eqpoq FwfIAW ny vI srdwr bGyl isMG dI sUrmgqI nUM Awpxy
Awpxy FMg nwl ibAwinAW hY[ smUh ilKwrI Aqy bolwry ieh drswauNdy
hn ik sRI gurU nwnk dyv jI ny Awpxy gihr, gMBIr Aqy au~qm bolW
nwl ihMdusqwn dI su`qI peI lokweI nUM kyvl jgwieAw hI nhIN blik
aus nUM aunHW dy Gr Gr phuMc ky kljug dy J`KVW, qbwhI mcwaU AnyHrIAW
Aqy jbr zulm ivru`D KVHw kr id`qw[ FwfI mu`KiqAwr isMG jI j&r
ilKdy hn:
BweI lwlo su`qw mulk jgwauxw cwhIdw[
sux Brwvw lwlo vylw eyho mMg kry,
hukm d`sIey r`b dy ijhVy jwbr BMg kry,
inrBY ho ky Fol ’qy f`gw lwauxw cwhIdw,
BweI lwlo su`qw.........,[
loV smyN dI jwl qoVIey krmW BrmW dy,
ByKI K`tx lwhw gux su`cy ny DrmW dy,
bdI nwl nykI nUM hY tkrwauxw cwhIdw,
BweI lwlo su`qw....[
iesy imSn nwl dsy hI gurU swihbwn juVy rhy[ aunHW AiqAwcwr
dI AnyHrI dy ^wqmy leI by-imswl kurbwnIAW kIqIAW[ gurW dy ^wlsy
ny A`j vI Awpxw imSn jwrI r`iKAw hoieAw hY[
is`KI dy auswrU ieiqhws iv`c pwrKU pwTk l`Bxgy ik zr, zorU qy
zmIn leI siqgurW ny Xu`D nhIN kIqy sgoN ies nUM inkwridAW zulmW
ivru`D hI twkrw kIqw[ ies ieiqhws dI Fu`kvIN qsvIr gur is`K hr
roz Bog auprMq Klo ky Aqy dovyN h`Q joV ky sRI gurU gRMQ swihb jI A`gy
Ardws aucwrn krdy hn[ ieh ieiqhws sMKyp iv`c ieM\ hY:
zr zorU zmIn dI Kwqr bVy hI Xu`D iCVy,
by-ksUry ivhly vihSI cVH cVH Awx iBVy,

(1)
 siBAwqwvW nUM lw ky lWbU duSmx iPrn iKVy,
kqlo gwrq, D`kySwhIAW dy pu`Ty KUh igVy,
nw krnw, nw sihxw zulmW nUM, gur AwSy dy Pu`l iKVy[
eysy hI soc nUM mu`K r`K ky gurU m`q dy AnuXweI dunIAW dy hr kony
iv`c lgwqwr is`KI dI cVHdI klw leI XqnSIl hn[ AjyhI lVI dw
mhwn pwqr hY srdwr bGyl isMG[ auh Syr vrgw g`BrU, au~`cI su`cI soc
dw mudeI. AxK dw muj`smw, fUMGw isAwsqdwn Aqy gurU mwrg ’qy Afol
qurn vwlw ivl`Kx XoDw hY[ srdwr dI soc A`gy isr Jukdw hY ik aus ny
smyN dy hwlwqW nwl smwnqw pUrbk nij`iTAw[ id`lI iv`c gurU GrW dI
bhuq Swn Aqy mwxm`qI auswrI idRVqw sihq krvweI[ audoN qoN lY ky A`j
q`k inrMqr SrDwlU auQy nqmsqk ho rhy hn[ Awp ny aus smyN id`lI
Aqy pMjwb dy kw&I ih`sy ’qy rwj kIqw Aqy gurU dy nwm dy is`ky clwey[
Awaux vwlIAW pIVHIAW nUM rwj Bwg clwaux dI syD id`qI[ dunIAW nUM
ds id`qw ik is`K rwj clwaux dI Xogqw rKdy hn[A`j kYnyfw Aqy hor
mulkW iv`c is`K a`ucy AhuidAW ’qy ibrwjmwn hn[
^ws g`l ieh hY ik A`j qoN vIh ku swl pihlW icMqkW nUM icMqw
sI ik gurduAwry qW ivdySW iv`c auswry jw rhy hn pr jvwnI gurmiq
nUM G`t hI ApxweygI[smW pw ky ieh g`l JUTI ho geI hY[gurU dI ikRpw
idRStI sdkw gurU GrW iv`c pMjwbI, kIrqn, gurbwxI kMT mukwbilAW
nwl nOjvwn pIVHI gurmiq vl Aw rhI hY, lMgrW dI syvw, KUndwn kYNp
Aqy Bu`iKAW leI Bojn CkwieAw jw irhw hY[myrI soc muqwibk ieh sB
ivkws BweI bGyl isMG dy supinAW dy pswr Aqy prswr dw srUp hn[
ieiqhws gvwh hY ik ijnHW ny vI in`q nvyN sMkt J`ly hox, aunHW
leI SWq jIvn aukwaU ho jWdw hY[ iPr auh kuJ nvW krn leI qurdy
hn[ XUnwn iv`c AOrq dw kMm XoDy jMmxw hY[ auh lok aus dI bhwdrI
dIAW vwrW gwauNdy hn[ A&gwn siBAwcwr iv`c vI ies krm dI cVHq
hY[ eyQy sUrmy nUM isrdwr jW srdwr boldy hn[ A&gwnW iv`c ieqnI
sUrmgqI pYdw ho geI ik aunHW nUM koeI nhIN hrw sikAw[ rUs, AmrIkw
qy brqwnIAW dy aunHW burI qrHW dMd K`ty kIqy[ pr jdoN aunHW dw vwh
is`K sUrmy srdwr hrI isMG nlUey nwl ipAw qW ie`k idRSmeI vrqwrw
vriqAw[ hrI isMG nlUey ny aunHW nUM rx q`qy iv`c AYsw roilAw ik aunHW

(2)
dIAW AglIAW pIVHIAW vI A`j qk hrI isMG nUM ‘hrIAw-ry-rWgly’
kih ky frdIAW hn Aqy Awpxy b`icAW nUM frwauNdIAW hn[ aus ij`q
auprMq isrdwr jW srdwr Sbd isMGW leI ie`k iKqwb dy rUp iv`c pyS
hoieAw[ srdwr jogw isMG jogI ies idRS nUM ieM\ ibAwn krdy hn:
AwauNdw joS juAwnI dw KUn AMdr, fOly bIrqw dy iPr Prkdy ny[
audoN mrdW idAW pu`qW dI prK huMdI, jdoN rx AMdr KMfy KVkdy ny[
bIqy smyN dIAW GtnwvW nUM ieiqhws AwKdy hn ikauNik ies dIAW
jVHW vrqmwn qy Biv`K iv`c huMdIAW hn[ shI ieiqhws ilKx leI
nzrIAw s`cw-su`cw qy mh`qv pUrn hoxw cwhIdY, Aqy aus dw inBwA
klwmeI hovy[ ies ksv`tI ’qy syKoN swihb dI ieh pusqk pUrI au~qrdI
hY[ pusqk dw ivSw sMGrS iv`coN inkly ivkws vl syDq hY qy ieh
ivkws A`j sMswr leI pRdrSk bx irhw hY[ ies swry idRS iv`c ds
gurU sihbwn, AnykW ShId isMGW isMGxIAW, by-imswl sMGrSW dI ip`T
BUmI dy drSn huMdy hn Aqy huMdy rihxgy[ eyfw v`fw Aqy mhwn ivSw sMKyp
iv`c pyS kr dyxw klw dw kmwl hY[ ivSy AMdr bolI srl qy TyT pMjwbI
hY[ muhwvry Aqy AKwxW dI vrqoN kmwl dI hY[ hux qW mihsUs ho irhw hY
ik ieh igAwrHvIN pusqk ilK ky fwktr syKoN vDIAw Awlock, vDIAw
ilKwrI qy vDIAw kvI bx gey hn[ Kudw A`gy Ardws hY ik ieh iesy
hI lgn nwl hor ilKdy rihx dI dOV iv`c juty rihx[
imqI 12.11.2017 DMnvwd sihq[

surjIq isMG
swbkw muKI pMjwbI ivBwg,
gurU nwnk nYSnl kwlj nkodr,
ijlHw jlMDr[

(3)
 do Sbd
id`lI &qih dw nwiek srdwr bGyl isMG pusqk iv`c fw. hrBjn
isMG syKoN ny bwbw bGyl isMG dy jIvn pMD nMU nvyN zwvIdy qoN pyS kIqw
hY[auhnW ny bwbw bGyl isMG qoN pihlW bwbw bMdw isMG bhwdr dI
Shwdq qoN lY ky id`lI dy lwl iklHy ’qy is`K pMQ dw kysrI JMfw Jlwaux
q`k dy v`Ko-v`Kry pwswrW dI inSwndyhI krky is`K ieiqhws iv`c peIAW
^wmoSIAW nMU smkwlI smyN iv`c nvIN zbwn id`qI hY[ is`K ieiqhws dIAW
tyFIAW-myFIAW ieiqhwsk guMJlW nUM isrP Akwdimkqw dy GVy-GVwey
sWicAW iv`c nhIN smiJAw jw skdw[ ies leI h`QlI pusqk vrgIAW
srl BwSw iv`c vDyry sOK Aqy ivsQwrmeI rUp iv`c isrjy ibrqWqW nUM
shI syD dy skdIAW hn[
is`KW dI ieiqhwsk pRMprw hmySw hI ienklwbI ^mIr vwlI rhI
hY[BwrqI p`Dr ’qy qW kI AMqr rwStrI p`Dr au~qy vI Swied hI koeI
kOm AijhI hovy jo Awpxy leI nhIN blik dUsirAW dy DrmW nUM bcwaux
leI kurbwnIAW krdI hovy[ gurU qyg bhwdr swihb, gurU Arjn dyv
jI, gurU goibMd isMG jI, bwbw bMdw isMG bhwdr, Awid qoN lY ky pqw
nhIN ikMny XoDy ienklwbI ^mIr vwlI ieiqhwsk prMprw nUM hor mjbUq
bxwauNdy hoey dunIAW iv~c ie`k imswl kr gey[ fw. hrBjn isMG dI
ieh pusqk iv`c KwsIAq ieh hY ik Bwvukqw qoN au~pr au~T ky ieiqhws
dI ie`k cMgI isrjnw hY[
ieh pusqk isrP is`K ieiqhws dI Kws jwxkwrI hI nhIN idMdI
blik swfy sB dy jIx-QIx ’qy Ajoky smyN iv`c gMBIr svwl vI krdI
hY ik jo A`j iqskwrq nzrW nwl is`KW nUM BwrqI p`Dr au~qy vyiKAw
jWdw hY[auh ieh nhIN hn sgoN ieh hn ijnHW ny id`lI sB qoN pihlW
ij`qI[A`j dy bwzwrU Xu`g iv`c ieh pusqk jdoN bu`DIjIvI lok is`KW dI
ieiqhwsk prMprw sMbMDI mOn huMdy jw rhy hn qW swnUM Awpxy Awp nUM
vMgwr pwauNdI hY, ies leI ies nUM jI AwieAW nUM kihxw bxdw hY[
imqI 31-01-2018
hrjIq isMG
AisstYNt pRo&Ysr, pMjwbI ivBwg,
gurU qyg bhwdr nySnl kwlj,
dwKw[

(4)
 BUimkw
mrd-ey-kmwl sRI gurU nwnk dyv jI ny mnuKqw nUM shI, s`cw,
sihj, sMqoK Aqy s`iBAk jIvn bxwaux leI bVw hI is`Dw Aqy swdw
mwrg idKwieAw[ ienHW guxW dI pUrqI leI aunHW is`K kOm dI swjnw
kIqI[ aunHW dyiKAw sMswr AMdr cwry pwsy kUV dw pswrw hY Aqy s`c KMB
lw ky au~f igAw hY, pwp zorW qy hY Aqy zwlm lok lokweI nUM lu`t-pu`t
Aqy ku`t rhy hn[ rwjy Syr vWg Boly Bwly ienswnW nUM mwr rhy hn Aqy
aunHW dy mukdm r`q pI rhy hn[ gurU nwnk swihb ny Sbd dw dIvw jgw
ky Awpxy im`Ty, ipAwry Aqy ienklwbI bolW nwl su`qy pey ihMd vwsIAW
nUM jgwieAw Aqy gurU goibMd isMG ny Awpxy qIrW nwl ruVHI jWdI ihMd nUM
bcwieAw[ dunIAW AMdr klm Aqy ikrpwn dI qwkq bVI SkqISwlI
hY[ gurU swihbwn ny ieh dovyN qwkqW vrq ky hjwrW vrSW qoN gulwm clI
Aw rhI ihMdusqwn dI jMqw nUM AwzwdI nwl ijauxw isKwieAw[ gurU jI
ny smJwieAw:
jy jIvY piq lQI jwie] sBu hrwmu jyqw ikCu Kwie] (142)
Awaux vwly smyN AMdr ivdySI idRMidAW Aqy srkwrI idRMidAW nUM
T`lH pwaux leI Aqy sdw leI AwzwdmeI jIvn ibqwaux leI ^wlsy dI
swjnw kr id`qI[ gurU jI dI ikRpw idRStI sdkw is`K kOm AMdr smyN smyN
’qy bVy hI mrd-ey-mujwhd, joDy, sUrmy Aqy jWbwj pYdw hoey Aqy ho rhy
hn[ ienHW AMdr Dur drgwhoN hI jIvn dwqy v`loN AYsI AscrjmeI joq
qy jugq vwlI klw BrI huMdI hY ik auh byprvwh ho ky mnu`Kqw dy doKIAW
nwl m`Qw lw ky aunHW v`loN kIqy kukrmW dI eIn mnvwauNdy hn[ ienHW
zwlm kOmI hIirAW dI rihxI, bihxI qy kihxI, jIvn-jwc, nYiqk
kdrW kImqW, rhu-rIqW, soc qy mwniskqw bhuq inrml, nykI BrI
Aqy invyklI huMdI hY[ ienHW AgMmI, Adu`qI Aqy AnUpm mrdW ny BwvyN
Awpxy jIvn kwl AMdr kukrmIAW, byDrmIAW Aqy duStW nwl jUJdy
hoey Anigxq AOkVW hI kyvl nhIN J`lIAW sgoN ShwdqW vI id`qIAW pr
Awpxy s`iBAwcwr Aqy ivrsy nUM AWc nhIN Awaux id`qI[

(5)
 ATHwrvIN sdI AMdr pMjwb dI DrqI ’qy guxW dI Kwn, krmW
dw blvwn Aqy ^wlsy dI Swn vwlw srdwr bGyl isMG DwlIvwl pYdw
hoieAw[ is`K kOm dw ieh bhuq hI nyk, iemwndwr, idAwnqdwr,
v&wdwr Aqy sdwcwr is`K sUrmw sI[ ies dw drSnI ichrw, fIl-
fOl vwlw srIr Aqy Syr-idl ihrdw sB nUM pRBwvq krdw sI[ ieh
Ssqr-Asqr clwaux ’c bVw mwhr, GoiVAW dw cMgw pwrKU Aqy rwj
pRbMD clwaux leI vDIAw sUJ-bUJ rKdw sI[ ieh isAwsq iv`c prly
drjy dw mwhr, idmwgI qOr ’qy cyqMn Aqy Awpxy inSwny dI pUrqI leI
byprvwh ho ky jdo jihd jwrI rKdw sI[ ienHW ivSyS guxW kwrn ies
nUM kRoV isMGIAw imsl dI srdwrI prwpq hoeI[
dunIAW AMdr srdwr dI pdvI bVI mhwn mMnI geI hY[ BweI
kwnH isMG nwBw ny Awpxy ‘Sbd koS’ iv`c srdwr dI sMgXw nUM pRDwn,
muKIAw jW SRoRmxI bMdw iliKAw hY[ srdwr &wrsI dw Sbd hY Aqy ‘sr’
qy ‘dwr’ do SbdW dw sumyl hY[ sr dw Bwv hY ‘AxK’ Aqy ‘dwr’ dw
Bwv hY ‘sUlI’[ so srdwr aus bMdy leI vriqAw jWdw hY ijhVw AxK
dI ^wqr sUlI ’qy cVHn dI ihMmq rKdw hovy[ ie`k kvI ny srdwr dI
prIBwSw ieM\ bAwn kIqI hY:
idl-b-idldwr bdyh, qW qo idldwr SvI[
sr bsrdwr binh, qW qo srdwr SvI[
Bwv auh bMdw ijhVw Awpxy ipAwry nUM idl ByNt kr dvy qW auh
ipAwry dy smwn ho jWdw hY[ ArQwq jo Awpxy ieSt dy hukm iv`c cldw
hoieAw Awpxw sIs aus A`gy ByNt kr dvy aus nUM ‘srdwr’ jW isrdwr
kihMdy hn[
BweI nMd lwl jI goieAw AwpxI ikrq ‘ijMdgI nwmy’ iv`c ilKdy
hn, gurU klgIDr dy nYxW dI nUrI Jlk nwl idldwr srdwr Aqy
srdwr idldwr bx jWdw hY[ pr ieh Kyf g`lW bwqW dI nhIN isr DVH
dI bwjI lwaux vwlI hY[ AwpxI ie`k gzl iv`c auh AMikq krdy hn:

(6)
 AY Pjl goieAw, Az ieSik E mj`n dm[
Ko pw inh`d drI rwh AW rW ik sr n bwSd[
Bwv AY goieAw! qUM g`pW nw mwr[ gurU nwl lwey ieSk dw hMkwr
nw kr, ikauNik ies rwh ’qy pYr r`Kx vwly nUM AwpxI qlI ’qy sIs
itkwauxw pYNdw hY[
kwdr dI kudrq AMdr Awm dyKx nUM imldw hY ik bhuigxqI G`t
igxqI nUM Fwhux dw Xqn krdI hY Aqy qkVw mwVy nUM inglx dI qwV
’c rihMdw hY[mShUr khwvq hY ‘dunIAW mMndI zorW nUM koeI puCdw nhIN
kmzorW nUM[’
sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI ny ‘^wlsw pMQ’ dI swjnw kr Aqy gRMQ
swihb nUM ‘gur g`dI’ bKS ky is`K kOm dy s`iBAwcwr Aqy ivrsy nUM sdw
leI At`l r`Kx leI bhuq hI mhwn kwrj kIqw[ gurU swihb ny Awpxy
^wlsy nUM mnu`KI kdrW kImqW, kilAwx, pRym, BweIcwrw Aqy sdBwvnw
mn iv`c Dwrn krn dw aupdyS id`qw[ aunHW dy bcn hn ‘Kwlsw Akwl
purK kI &Oj] prgitE Kwlsw prmwqmw kI mOj] ieh ^wlsw &Oj
Awaux vwly smyN AMdr dMBIAW, pwKMfIAW, pwpIAW Aqy jrvwixAW dw
mUMh BMinAW krygI[ ies dw inSwnw grIbW, kmzorW, pIrW, PkIrW Aqy
DrmIAW leI s`c, h`k, iensw& Aqy suqMqrqw pRdwn krwauxw hovygw[
pr ieh pRwpqI Ssqr Dwrn qoN ibnW AsMBv hY ikauNik m`Cry hoey dYNq,
duSt Aqy lokweI dy doKI fMfy qoN ibnw is`Dy nhIN ho skdy[ ijvyN khwvq
hY ‘fMfw pIr hY ibgiVAW iqgiVAW dw’[ BweI gudws jI (dUjy) AwpxI
vwr AMdr gurU swihb dI krnI sMbMDI ilKdy hn:
‘inj pMQ clwieE Kwlsw Dir qyj krwrw!
isr kys Dwir gih KVg ko sB dust pCwrw[
sIl jq kI k`C phir pkVo hQIAwrw[
sc Pqy bulweI gurU kI jIiqE rx Bwrw[
sB dYq Airin ky Gyr kir kIcY pRhwrw[

(7)
 r`bI imhr Aqy guru ikRpw sdkw BweI bGyl isMG ny Awpxy jIvn
AMdr id`lI dI mugl slqnq ’qy kbjw kr ky lwl iklyH ’qy ^wlsy
dw kysrI inSwn swihb Jlwaux Aqy guruU swihbwn vloN pwey pYr, is`KW
Aqy gurU qyg bhwdr jI v`loN id`qI ShIdI, sRI gurU hir ikRSn jI v`loN
joqI joq smwaux, mwqw swihb kOr Aqy mwqw suMdr kOr dIAW rhwieS
vwlIAW QwvW ’qy gurduAwrw swihb auswrn dw tIcw imQ ilAw[ ienHW
piv`qr QwvW ’qy muglW ny is`K ieiqhws nUM imtwaux leI kbzw kr
r`iKAw sI[ BwvyN ieh kMm bVw AOKw sI pr nykI vwlw sI[ SyK swAdI
sIrwjI dy bol hn:
dr Aml kos hrc KvwhI poS[qwj br sr n v ielm br doS[
Bwv sdw nyk kMm krn ’qy Aml kro, mjHbI pihrwvw pihn ky nykI dw
isr ’qy qwj pihno jW AwpxI bWh nwl &qih dw icnH ltkwau[
srdwr bGyl isMG sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI dy bolW ’qy pihrw dy
irhw sI :
dyih isvw! vr muih iehY] suB krmn qy kbhu n troN]
srdwr dy ihrdy AMdr gurU swihb dy ieh bcn vI gUMj rhy sn:
q^q idlI pr bhygI Awp gurW dI &Oj[
cvr JulyNgy sIs pr bVI kryNgy mOj[
s`c mu`c hI bGyl isMG ny 40 hjwr isMGW dI &Oj lY ky fMky dI cot
’qy id`lI &qih kIqI[ ies sUrbIr, mrd-ey-mYdwn Aqy is`K sUrmy ny
ieh mhwn bhwdrI vwlw kMm kr ky ieiqhws AMdr sUrjvq Awpxw nW
cmkw id`qw[ ies Syr minMd sUrmy ny Awaux vwlIAW pIVIHAW nUM AxK,
iezq Aqy Swn-SOkq vwlw jIvn ijaux dw rwh drswieAw[ ieh
rsqw Awqm ivSvwS, Afolqw dI bVHq Aqy kOm cI cVHq nUM rUpmwn
krdw hY Aqy nvyN hwlwqW nUM jnm idMdw hY[ ie`k Swier dy bol hn:
dunIAW mY vhI kOm hY qwzIm ky kwbl
ijs kOm ny hwlwq kw ruK moV dIAw ho[

(8)
 mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy ivSwl is`K rwj sQwpq krn iv`c bGyl
isMG v`loN drswey Swndwr Aqy gOrvmeI ivrsy ny mhwn BUimkw inBweI sI[
ies mhwn joDy, jrnYl Aqy gUVH nIqIvwn dy mn AMdr gurU Aqy
guris`KI pRqI pRym Aqy auqSwh TwTW mwrdw sI[ ies ny id`lI slqnq dy
bwdSwh Swh Awlm nwl kIqI iLKq Anuswr qkrIbn A`T mhIinAW
’c s`q gurUu Gr iqAwr krvw ky id`lI C`f id`qI[ ieh g`l drswauNdI
hY ik srdwr bcnW ’c prp`k sI[ ieh id`loN swhsI, swlsI Aqy
SqwbI sI[ id`lI C`fx smyN Swh Awlm ny Awpxy vzIr nUM snyhw dy
ky G`ilAw ik bwdSwh slwmq quhwfy nwl imlxI krnw cwhuMdw hY qW
srdwr ny byKO& ho ky kih id`qw, “swfI Awps iv`c imlxI AsMBv hY
ikauNik ^wlsw iksy A`gy isr nhIN JkwauNdw[ qusIN qW hr smyN bwdSwh
nUM slwmW krdy hoN”[ jdoN vzIr ny bwdSwh nUM srdwr dy AwKy ieh
Sbd suxwey qW bwdSwh ny ikhw, “aunHW nUM AwKo qusIN isr au~cw kr ky
Awau isr Jkwaux ’c kI ipAw[” ieM\ bGyl isMG ibnW sIs Jkwaux,
SsqRDwrI ho, hwQI ’qy svwr ho mulwkwq leI isMGW smyq mugl drbwr
’c phuMicAw Aqy g`j ky &qih bulweI[ ieh g`l bGyl isMG dI AxK
dw pRgtwvw krdI hY[
du`K dI g`l hY ik AYsy SkqISwlI, SwnmqIey Aqy mwxmqIey sUry
nUM ieiqhwskwrW Aqy kOm dy lIfrW ny AxgOlw kIqw hoieAw hY[ dws
dy mn AMdr is`KI dI rUhwnI ivcwrDwrw r`Kx vwly, krnI-kQnI dy
pUry, sUry Aqy nUry ijs ny is`K ieiqhws nUM ruSnwieAw bwry ilKx sMbMDI
BwrI rIJ aupjI[ srdwr bGyl isMG dI jIvn–gwQw dI sMpUrnqw leI
dyS-ivdyS dIAW lwiebRyrIAW, v`K v`K XUnIvrstIAW dIAW lwiebRyrIAW
’c mOjUd ieiqhwsk gRMQW, pusqkW, rswilAW, p`qrkwvW Aqy AKbwrW
pVcolIAW[ srdwr suKdyv isMG (syvw mukq) Qwnydwr ny vI cMgI Koj
kr ky kuJ pMny ilK ky dws nUM id`qy[ dws aunHW dw qih idloN DMnvwdI hY[
pRo&Ysr srdwr surjIq isMG ny ies pusqk dy KrVy nUM bhuq hI
bwrIkI nwl piVHAw[ pVH ky kuJ soDW kIqIAW Aqy ivSy sMbMDI cMgI
slwhuqw vI kIqI[ dws v`loN ilKIAW sB pusqkW iv`c aunHW mu`K bMd ilK

(9)
ky v`fI kwrguzwrI kIqI hY[ ies vwr ishq bhuqI cMgI nw hox kr ky
dws v`loN kIqI bynqI ’qy nwh nhIN kIqI[ dws ies sMbMDI pRo&Ysr swihb
dw AqI DMnvwdI hY[ dws pRo&Ysr hrjIq isMG gurU qyg bhwdr nYSnl
kwlj, dwKw dw vI AqI DMnvwdI hY ijnHW ieh KrVw cMgI qrHW pVH Aqy
GoK ky srdwr bGyl isMG pRqI kuJ vfmu`ly Sbd ilKy hn[
dws AwpxI Drm pqnI rwijMdr pwl kOr dw vI bhuq Sukr guzwr
hY ijs ny ieh KrVw pVH ky kuJ soDW kIqIAW Aqy ies nUM hor idl
iK`cvW bnwaux leI suJwA id`qy[ dws srlw rwxI dw vI bhuq Sukr
guzwr hY ijs ny ieh KrVw bhuq rIJ nwl tweIp kIqw[
ieh pusqk ilKx smyN koiSS kIqI hY ik pMjwbI dy Awm vrqoN
vwly Sbd vrqy jwx qW ik hr pwTk ies nUM cMgI qrHW smJ sky[ Aws
kIqI jWdI hY ik pwTk jn ies pusqk nUM pVH ky is`K ieiqhws sMbMDI
Awpxy igAwn iv`c vwDw krngy[ Awaux vwlIAW pIVHIAW leI vI ieh
pusqk swriQk is`D hovygI[
imqI: 2.1.2018 DMnvwd swihq[

hrBjn isMG syKoN

swbkw pRo&Ysr Aqy ieMcwrj dwl sYkSn,
plWt brIifMg ivBwg,
pMjwb KyqIbwVI XUnIvristI, luiDAwxw[

(10)
 AiDAwie 1

jIvn pMD

hzwroN brs nrigs AwpxI by-nUrI py roqI hY[

bVI muSikl sy hoqw hY cmn myN dIdwvr pYdw[

kudrq dw krqw sMswr dy aus iK`qy AMdr ij`Qy pwp, A`iqAwcwr

Aqy zulm sB h`d-bMny t`p jwx, s`c Cup jwvy Aqy mnu`KI kdrW-kImqW
qihs-nihs ho jwx qW AYsI hwlq nUM T`lHx leI mhwn SKsIAqW nUM
jnm idMdw hY[ ienHW SKsIAqW jW ivAkqIqv rUhW iv`c auh krnI-
kQnI dy dYvI gux bKS ky ies DrqI ’qy Byjdw hY ijhVIAW gurU-
BgqI Aqy gurU SkqI duAwrw kOm dy roSn munwry bx ky prjw nUM su`K
Aqy AwzwdI vwlw jIvn prdwn krvwauNdIAW hn[ auh pRBU v`loN id`qI
bhwdrI dI dwq, igAwn, iDAwn, iviKAwn Aqy cVHdI klw vwlI joq
Aqy jugq kwrn hr mYdwny &qih hI &qih pwauNdIAW hn[ AYsIAW
SKsIAqW in`fr, inrvYr Aqy kRWqIkwrI huMdIAW hn Aqy Awpxy imSn
dI pRwpqI leI hmySw Gol krdIAW hn BwvyN aunHW nUM ikqny vI kSt
ikauN nw J`lxy pYx[
ATHwrvIN sdI AMdr 1730 eIsvIN nUM is`K kOm dw mhwn XoDw BweI
bGyl isMG ipMf Jbwl izlHw AMimRqsr (A`j klH izlHw qrn qwrn) ivKy
jnimAW[ Jbwl qrn qwrn qoN qkrIbn 13 iklomItr lihMdy vl Aqy
AMimRqsr qoN vI ieqnI dUrI ’qy hI hY[ BweI swihb dy mwqw ipqw dw
nW ieiqhws dy pMinAW ’qy auplBd nhIN hY Aqy nw hI ienHW dy mu`Fly
jIvn bwry koeI vyrvw ikqy drz hY[ Jbwl ipMf dw is`K-ieiqhws iv`c
gOrvmeI Xogdwn hY[ ies iv`c BweI lMgwh, mwqw Bwgo, srdwr gurbKS
isMG, SmSyr isMG, srdwr krm isMG ihstorIAn Aqy JbwlIey vIrW
srdwr Amr isMG, srdwr srmuK isMG Aqy srdwr jsvMq isMG ny
Awpxy kurbwnIAW Bry jIvn nwL ies ngr nUM cwr cMd lwey hn[ ienHW
gurduAwrw suDwr lihr ’c vD cVH ky Xogdwn pwieAw sI[

(11)
 Jbwl ngr dw cODrI Abl KYr mMinAW pr-mMinAW sKI srvr
sI Aqy sulqwnI m`q dw DwrnI sI[ ies dy pMj pu`qr jsqRIAw, ibMnW,
suMdr, pyro Swh Aqy BweI lMgwh sn[ BweI lMgwh Aqy pyro Swh gurU
Arjn dyv jI dy s`cy-su`cy is`K sn[ mwqw Bwgo pyro Swh dI poqrI Aqy
mwlo Swh dI DI sI[ sRI gurU hir goibMd swihb jI dI bytI bIbI vIro
dI SwdI vI Jbwl ivKy hI rcweI geI sI[
ie`k vwr id`lI q^q dy SihnSwh Akbr ny sRI gurU Amr dws jI
dI hzUrI ’c sMgq dy nwl pMgq iv`c bYT ky prSwdw CikAw[ auprMq
KuS ho ky aus ny gurU swihb nUM AwiKAw ik mYN lMgr leI kuJ jwgIr nwm
lvwauxI cwhuMdw hW, myrI duAw kbUl kro[ gurU swihb ny au~qr id`qw,
“rwjn! ieh gurU kw lMgr qW is`KW dI dsW nOhW dI kmweI nwL c`ldw
hY Aqy c`ldw rhygw”[ qd Akbr ny bIbI BwnI pu`qrI gurU Amr dws
jI nUM DI jwx ky swFy bwrW ipMfW dI jwgIr dw ptw ilK id`qw[ ies
pty iv`c Jbwl Aqy pwiksqwn vl gey kuJ ipMf vI sn[ ies pty vwLy
Kyqr dw nW ‘gurU kw c`k’ pRis`D ho igAw[ kyysr isMG iC`br bMswvlI
nwmw iv`c AMikq krdy hn:
p`tI kw qpw dy igAw, swfy bwrW gwauN[
Bgq isMG ny ‘ey ihstrI Aw& is`K imslz’ (A History of Sikh
Misls) iv`c iliKAw hY ik srdwr bGyl isMG mwlvy ielwky dw sI[
aus dI BYx ‘suKW’ Jbwl ivAwhI hoeI sI[ bGyl isMG aus pws rihMdw
sI Aqy lokW ny aus nUM JbwlIAw kihxw SurU kr id`qw sI[ pr ies g`l
iv`c koeI vzn nhIN lgdw[ BwvyN Jbwl iv`c bhuq Gr iF`loN goq dy sn
pr bGyl isMG DwlIvwl j`t sI[ ho skdw hY ies dy purKy iksy hor QW
qoN ie`Qy Aw ky vsy hox[

bGyl isMG dI Skl-sUrq Aqy isrV

srdwr ny ijauN hI hoS sMBwlI, juAwn hoieAw Aqy dunIAWdwrI
iv`c pYr r`iKAw qW gurU Awsry ies au~pr is`KI dw rMg cVH igAw
Aqy BweI kroVw isMG dy fyry syvw iv`c jut igAw[ fyry iv`c rih ky hI
gurbwxI dw AiDAYn kIqw, Ssqr iv`idAw, GoV-svwrI, qIr-AMdwzI
Awid is`KI[ iPr KMfy-bwty dI phul Ck isMG sz igAw[ kuJ smW

(12)
ieh BweI kroVw isMG, ijs dy nW ’qy kRoV isMGIAw imsl AwrMB hoeI
aus dw gVveI vI irhw[ dl ^wlsy iv`c Swiml ho kRoV isMGIAw imsl
dw mYNbr bx igAw[
ilKwrIAW dIAW ilKqW Anuswr bGyl isMG dw srIr bVw sfOl,
k`d-kwT cMgw, rMg sWvlw, A`KW BUrIAW, m`Qw cOVw Aqy ichrw jwho-
jlwl vwlw sI[ kroVw isMG dy fyry iv`c rihx kr ky AiDAwqmk p`KoN
vI igAwnvwn, nymI, pRymI Aqy hlymI dw mwlk bx igAw sI[ kudrq
vloN ieh qkdIr dw blI, qdbIr dw DnI Aqy zmIr dw gnI sI[
bGyl isMG srdwr v`fw idldwr Aqy XwrW dw Xwr sI[ ies dw srIr
PurqIlw, CYl CbIlw, qwkqvr Aqy jzby BrUpr sI[ ieh mn kr ky
sMqoKI, sbr vwlw AqI swhsI sI[ ieh gurU dw nUrw, sUrw, bcnW dw
pUrw Aqy blkwrI XoDw sI[ gurU dy ieSk dw mnUr Aqy roSn idmwg
kwrn hI BweI kroVw isMG ip`CoN kRoV isMGIAw imsl dw ieh srdwr
bixAW[ srdwrI pRwpq kr ky BweI swihb ny gurmiq ivcwrDwrw dI
Asrdwr BUimkw inBweI Aqy Awpxy PrzW nUM qoV AMqly smyN q`k pUrI
zMumyvwrI sihq Adw kIqw[ kOm dI cVHdI klw leI mn iv`c cwA, KyVw
Aqy iK`c sI[ ieh kmzorI Aqy kwierqw nUM v`fI burweI smJdw sI[
qwkqvr jrvwixAW Aqy mOlwixAW ivru`D ftx leI kwdry hrkwr Aqy
^wlsy dy swjnhwr sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI dy muKwribMd qoN aucry ieh
Sbd BweI swihb dy idl iv`c hmySw gUMjdy sn:
dyih isvw! vr moih iehY] suB krmn qy kbhu n troN]
n froN Air so jb jwie lroN] inscY kr ApnI jIq kroN]
Ar isK hoN Apny hI mn ko] ieh lwlc hauN gux qau aucroN]
jb Awv kI AauD inDwn bny] Aiq hI rx mih qb jUJ mroN]
ieh Sbd is`K kOm dw kOmI qrwnw hY[ pr A`j klH keI qrkvwz
Aqy cuMc igAwnI ‘isvw’ sbd nUM lY ky ieh qrk krdy hn ik ieh
Sbd guruU goibMd isMG jI dw aucwrn kIqw hoieAw nhIN hY[ ‘isvw’ Sbd
ArbI BwSw dw hY ijs dw Bwv hY ‘v`fw’[ so gurU swihb ny ie`Qy isvw
Sbd Akwl purK leI vriqAw hY ikauNik auh sB qoN v`fw hY[ sRI guruU
gRMQ swihb jI AMdr ‘isv SkqI’ Sbd keI vwr AwauNdw hY jo v`fI
ArQwq mhwn SkqI dw pRqIk hY[

(13)
 mnmohn bwvw ilKdy hn ik bGyl isMG bhuq huiSAwr bMdw sI[
auh jo vI kMm krdw sI pUrI Xojnw bxw ky isry cwVHdw sI[ aus ny mn
hI mn iv`c inscw kIqw sI ik jy vwihgurU ny aus nUM id`lI dI &qih
bKSI qW auh auhnW swry sQwnW ’qy gurdAwirAW dw inrmwx krygw,
ij`Qy-ij`Qy gurUAW Aqy is`KW ny ShIdIAW id`qIAW jW crn pwey sn[ so
ilKxw bxdw hY:
bGyl isMG srdwr sI ikrdwr dw bhuq au~cw[
gulwmI dIAW jMjIrW qoVn leI aus imQ ilAw tIcw[
AwpxI sUrmgqI, bhwdrI, infrqw Aqy ivauNqGVqW nUM mu`K r`K
ies jWbwz XoDy ny muglW dI lhU pIxI soc nUM jwx ky KMfw KVkwieAw
Aqy BirSt rwjsI prxwlI nUM soDw lwieAw[ Awpxy hTIly, PurqIly
Aqy roAb-dwb vwly subwE kwrn bGyl isMG ny is`KW dy pRBwv nUM AvD,
au~qrwKMf Aqy id`lI q`k PYlwieAw[ ies ny kRoV isMGIAw imsl dw nwm
bVw au~cw kIqw ijs kr ky ilKqW imldIAW hn:
sB imsloN sy eyh vfyrI[ qwkqvr virAwm aucyrI[
hY bGyl isMG burI blwie[ sMg mJYl kIs smdwie[
(1054) (pMQ pRkwS)
bGyl isMG nUM keI ilKwrIAW ny DrqI Dkyl isMG vI iliKAw
hY ikauNik iehnW svYmwn dw jIvn AsMBv dyK kRWqIkwrI Aqy lok
ihqkwrI muihMm iv`FI[ ies dI kmWf hyT jdoN sYink iksy ielwky ’qy
cVHweI krdy sI qW ienHW nUM q`k mugl, mrh`ty jW ruhyly Qr-Qr kMbx
l`g jWdy sI Aqy mYdwn C`f dOV jWdy sn[ ij`Qy ikqy duSmx nwL twkrw
ho jWdw sI qW isMGW dy AwsmwnI ibjlI vWg ifgx sdkw duSmx nUM
nwnI Xwd Aw jWdI sI[vYrIAW dy dl ieh vI kihMdy sn, “CyV AwpW
fUmxW lIE ieh blwA burI AqIE”[ bGyl isMG dy bolW iv`c vI BwrI
dm sI[ ies sMbMDI ie`k kvI dy bol hn:
bGyl dI grjvIN Awvwz au~qy, gUMj duStW nUM soDx dI cVHI dyKI[
vyKI bIrqw bVI-by-h`d dyKI, FihMdI klw nw iksy vI GVI dyKI[
mugl DwV jW isr ’qy cVHI Aw ky, vrKw J`t qIrW dI krI dyKI[
ieh isrmOr XoDw bwj dI inAweIN duSmx ’qy tu`t ky pYNdw sI
Aqy vYrI nUM icVI dI inAweIN smJdw sI[ gurUu Awsry ieh ijDr nUM vI
(14)
qyg lY ky vDdw sI ij`q ies dy pYr cuMmdI sI[ gurbwxI vwk Anuswr
isMG dI hwlq sI, “Awgwhw kU qRwiG ipCw Pyir n muhfVw’ Aqy qIrW,
qlvwrW, bMdUkW Awid nwloN gurU ’qy v`D Brosw sI[ jYsy kvI inhwl isMG
ilKdy hn:
kwhUM ko Brosy hY zmIn ko zmwny bIc[
kwhUM ko Brosy zor cwkrI jhwz hY[
kwhUM ko Brosy cwru cwqurI clwkI dyK[
mo ko qo Brosy eyk gRMQ mhwrwj pY[
gurU dy hukm Aqy rzw iv`c rihxw hI is`KI dw prm Drm hY[
mhWkvI BweI sMqoK isMG dy bol hn:
mu`KX Drm isKI ko eyhI[ jo Dwrih isK guruU sunyhI[
ijm piqbrqw iesqRI lCn[ piq AwgXw mih suKI ibc`Cn[
pRBu AwgXw mihN qQw sdIvw[ rhu rwjI bin gurmuK jIvw[

praupkwrI soc
BweI bGyl isMG kyvl mhwn XoDw, jrnYl Aqy nIqIvwn hI nhIN
sI sgoN s`cw-su`cw is`K vI sI[ aus AMdr is`KI pRqI ipAwr Aqy mzlUmW
dI r`iKAw leI auqSwh TwTW mwrdw sI[ is`KI ivrsy AMdr Drm Aqy
Srm mu`K g`lW hn Aqy iesqRI dw BwrI siqkwr hY[ is`K iesqRI ’qy ho
rhI by-ruhmqI, SoSx, D`kw Aqy byiezqI nhIN jr skdw[ isMG srdwr
ny mOq dI pRvwh nw kridAW ikqnI hI vwr jrvwixAW v`loN gulwm bxw
ky iljw rhIAW hzwrW hI bhuU-bytIAW nUM aunHW dy pMjy iv`coN Cufw ky Gro-
Gr phuMcwieAw[ igAwnI igAwn isMG ilKdy hn ik jlwlwbwd dy hsn
^wn ny ie`k brwhmx dI bytI nUM jo bhuq suMdr sI, D`ky nwL AwpxI hrm
iv`co r`iKAw hoieAw sI[ jdoN aus brwhmx ny bGyl isMG pws Aw ky ieh
iviQAw suxweI qW qqkwl hI auQy phuMc ky aus lVkI nUM CufwieAw, hsn
^wn nUM pwr bulwieAw Aqy lVkI nUM aus dy Gr phuMcwieAw[
smrU bygm &rjwnw, jo id`lI qoN 90 iklomItr dI dUrI ’qy srDwnw
dI Swsk sI ny, ie`k vwr bGyl isMG nUM p`qr iliKAw ik gulwm kwdr
ruhylw AwpxI &Oj lY ky swfy ’qy cVHweI krn dI iqAwrI kr irhw
hY[ ieh bVw hI Av`qw, inrdYqw, zwlm Aqy lu`tmwr krn vwlw hY

(15)
ies qoN bcwaux leI swfI m`dd kro[ srdwr ny bygm dI m`dd leI
&Oj dI iqAwrI krn dw hukm kIqw Aqy m`dd kIqI[ bygm ny smyN
dIAW rwjnIqk prsiQqIAW nUM iDAwn gocry r`K id`lI dy bwdSwh Swh
Awlm, mrwiTAW, PrMgIAW Aqy is`KW nwl cMgy dosqwnw sMbMD bxwey hoey
sn (mnmohn bwvw)[
bygm smrU ie`k vwr ClONdI krnwl lwgy jo ik bGyl isMG dI
rwjDwnI sI, srdwr nUM imlx AweI sI[ ies ny dyK r`iKAw sI ik
bGyl isMG bVw bhwdr, sUJvwn Aqy rwjnIqI dy dwE-pycW nUM cMgI qrHW
smJdw hY[ smrU &rjwnw ny bGyl isMG dI cVHq dyK nUM Kq iliKAw
sI ik ruhyly mYnUM bVw qMg kr rhy hn[ bygm dw Kq pVHn swr bGyl
isMG srGI vyly pMj hzwr GoV svwr lY ky srDwnw vl qur ipAw[ rsqy
iv`c sUhIey ny ^br id`qI ik ruhyly lVweI leI pUrI iqAwrI iv`c hn[
ieh sux bGyl isMG dw KUn aubwly Kwx l`gw[jMg dw cwA cVH igAw[
isMGW dI &Oj AwauNdI dyK ruhyly dI &Oj ny goLIAW vrHwxIAW SurU kr
id`qIAW[ isMGW ny vI ngwry ’qy cot lweI, nrisMGw vjwieAw Aqy ‘boly
so inhwl’ dy jYkwirAW nwL AwkwS guMjw id`qw[ dohW qrPW qoN ie`k dUjy
’qy qlvwrW, BwilAW, briCAW Awid nwl hmly hox l`gy[ KUn dIAW
DwrW sUrimAW dy srIrW ’coN vih qurIAW Aqy bhuq swry pRwx iqAwg rhy
sn[ ruhyilAW nUM jMg ij`qx dI pUrI Aws sI ikauNik auh pUrI iqAwrI
iv`c sn[ ieqny nUM smrU bygm dIAW qopW vI isMGW dI m`dd leI Aw
geIAW[ qwrw isMG gYbw dy GoV svwrW ny ruhyilAW dy hoS-hvwS au~fw
id`qy[ isMGW dy qwbV-qoV hmilAW ny ruhyilAW dy pYr auKwV id`qy Aqy
AMq nUM mYdwn-ey-jMg C`f ky iq`qr ho gey[ jMg ij`qx auprMq bygm ny
BweI bGyl isMG nUM Awpxy mh`l ’c bulwieAw, bVw Awdr mwx kIqw
Aqy mu`KoN ieh Sbd AwKy:
“mYN Awp jI dI bhuq Sukr guzwr hW jo qusIN vyly isr phuMc ky
myrI AwbrUA nUM bcwieAw, nhIN qW ieh gulwm kwdr ruhylw bVw zwlm
Aqy byrihm AwdmI hY”[ bGyl isMG ny au~qr id`qw, “bygm jI! is`KW
’qy mIr mMnU Aqy AOrMgzyb vrigAW ny bVy zulm kIqy pr AsIN qW gurU
bKiSS sdkw kyvl ijMdw hI nhIN sgoN cVHdI klw iv`c hW”[ A`goN bygm
ny iPr ieh Sbd AwKy, “bGyl isMG jI! ies ruhyly ny kuJ smW pihlW
Sihr ’c kql-ey-Awm krvwieAw Aqy nvwb dIAW A`KW k`Fvw aus
(16)
dIAW AOrqW Aqy DIAW dI iej`q lu`tI sI[
ieM\ srdwr bGyl isMG ny bygm smrU aur& &rjwnw dI loV smyN
idloN m`dd kIqI Aqy bygm ny id`lI &qih krn auprMq bGyl isMG dI
bwdSwh Swh Awlm dy vkIl rwm idAwl munSI nwl mulwkwq vkq
Aihswn mMd ho ky vkwlq kIqI Aqy is`KW dy gMBIr msilAW nUM isry
cVHwieAw sI[
Swh Awlm ny jdoN dyiKAw ik is`K lwl iklHy ’qy pUrI qrHW kwbj ho
c`uky hn qW auh AwpxI jwn bcwaux leI iklHy ’coN doV igAw[ pr aus
dIAW bygmW, dwsIAW Aqy b`cy Awid iklHy iv`c hI sn[ ijauN hI srdwr
bGyl isMG nUM bwdSwh dy iklHy iv`coN inkl jwx dI ^br imlI qW aus ny
isMGW nUM qwVnw kIqI ik koeI vI isMG bygmW nUM qMg nw kry Aqy nw hI
ienHW vl mwVI nzr nwl q`ky[ srdwr ny bygmW dI sur`iKAw leI pUrw
iDAwn r`Kx dw hukm kIqw[ ieh Gtnw drswauNdI hY ik BweI bGyl
isMG dy mn AMdr iesqRI pRqI ikqnw siqkwr Aqy ipAwr sI[ auh gurU
dy drswey aupdyS qoN jIvn Br kdy pry nhIN sI hoieAw[

bGyl isMG ny id`lI &qih krn qoN ielwvw

jo hor m`lW mwrIAW
bGyl isMG kRoV isMGIAw imsl dw isr k`F nyqw, sUJvwn guris`K,
kOm dw ausreIAw Aqy isrl`Q XoDw sI[ kRoVw isMG dy AnuXweIAW
iv`coN ieh sB qoN au~qm sUrmw Aqy aud`mI sI[ gokl cMd nwrMg dy kQn
Anuswr ies dI srpRsqI hyT imsl ny BwrI SkqI hwsl kIqI[ ies
ny QoHVy smyN iv`c hI Awpxy sYinkW dI igxqI 12 hzwr q`k vDw id`qI[
ipRMsIpl siqbIr isMG ilKdy hn ik bGyl isMG ny 30 hzwr isMGW dw
dl kwiem kr ilAw sI[ ies dl dI m`dd nwl aus ny gMgw, jmnw
Aqy duAwby dy ielwky nUM Awpxy kwbU kr ilAw sI[krqwr isMG klsIAW
ilKdy hn:
f`ly vwilAW Aqy bGyl isMG ny, duvwbw mlXw jor qlvwr BweI[
Swh vlI KW Kwn jlMDrI nUM, bwhr k`iFAw kr KuAwr BweI[
isMGW mlXw dyS krqwr isMGw, dyKo rMg hux qusIN krqwr BweI[
(krqwr isMG klsIAW, qyg ^wlsw iv`coN)

(17)
 jlMDr qoN lY ky pIlIBIq q`k Aqy AMbwly qoN AlIgVH q`k srdwr
dw is`kw cldw sI[ dyiKAw jwvy qW ieqnI v`fI sYnw leI hiQAwrW,
GoiVAW, rwSn pwxI Aqy qnKwh dw pRbMD krnw koeI Kwlw jI dw vwVw
nhIN sI[ ie`k hunrvwn, isdkI, swhsI Aqy AklmMd sUrw hI ieqnI
v`fI &OjI SkqI nUM Awpxy kwbU iv`c rK skdw hY[ ies dI ihMmq, jugq
Aqy &iqhdwr socW nUM pitAwly dy rwjy Amr isMG nwl hoeI mulwkwq
bwry rqn isMG BMgU ieM\ ibAwn krdy hn:
bGyl isMG aus h`s kr khXo[ mulk lVy ibn ikn Cf dXo[(45)
hm lrno mrno ikm sMgY[ Xh hY hmrI inq Kyl[(67)
pMQ m`D hY gur kI Skiq[ pMQ m`D jip qpIey Bgq[ (99)
ijvyN mxI dI pRwpqI leI s`p mwrnw pYNdw hY, ksqUrI vwsqy ihrn
dw iSkwr krnw pYNdw hY, qyl k`Fx leI iqlW nUM pIVnw pYNdw hY, igrI
hwsl krn leI nwrIAl nUM BMnxw pYNdw hY, iesy qrHW Drm, kOm Aqy
dyS dI rKvwlI leI zwlm nUM soDx leI qlvwr pkVnI pYNdI hY[ gurU
swihb dy vI bol hn ‘SsqRn ky ADIn hY rwj’[ dsvyN pwqSwh qlvwr
dI SkqI bwry ilKdy hn:
kwl qUhI kwlI quhI quhI qyg Aru qIr,
quhI inSwnI jIq kI Awj quhI jgbIr] (dsm gMRQ)
BweI bGyl isMG Xu`D klw dy cwry BydW (swm, dwm, dMf, Byq)
qoN cMgI qrHW vwkP sI[ ie`k cMgy nIqIvwn Aqy AwdrS guris`K dI
prIBwSw BweI inhwl isMG bVy BwvpUrvk SbdW iv`c vrnx krdy hn:
Drm ko suqMqr audwrqw ky DrwDr,
Boly Bwly Bwjqy Jkyl pRym rMg myN[
srb-loh ipAwry, Arb Krb lon drb bMD,
nYk hU n grb puMn purb Xw ky sMg myN[
rqn isMG BMgU dy Sbd:
jhW XuD kI jwrw hoie[ mrnY kY fr trY n soie[
jhW pMQ mYN bf pvY BIr[ fih Awp jwie qhW srIr[
1780 eIsvI iv`c id`lI dy vzIr Abdulw Kwn ny Sihzwdw PrjMd
nUM pitAwly dy hukmrwn srdwr Amr isMG nUM soDx leI &Oj dy ky

(18)
ByijAw[ id`lI qoN pitAwly dy rsqy iv`c BweI bGyl isMG dw ielwkw
sI[ ies ny pihlW qW &rjMd dI &Oj lMGx id`qI, pr jdoN ieh pitAwly
phuMicAw qW bGyl isMG ny ip`Cw kr ky aus nUM Gyr ilAw Aqy PrjMd
pwsoN glqI leI eIn mnvweI ik qUM swfy ielwky iv`coN lMGx qoN pihlW
mnzUrI ikauN nhIN leI? ieiqhwskwr ilKdy hn ik id`lI qoN pMjwb vl
jW pMjwb qoN id`lI vl aus smyN bGyl isMG dI AwigAw vgYr koeI vI
hmlwvwr Aw jw nhIN sI skdw[ ieh vI p`Qr ’qy lkIr vwlI g`l hY
ik isAwsq iv`c im`qr duSmx bx jWdw hY Aqy duSmx im`qr[
igAwnI igAwn isMG Anuswr bGyl isMG srdwr dI dlyrI, ihMmq
Aqy bhwdrI p`KoN aus smyN qUqI bol rhI sI[ aus ny AlIgVH, Kujrw,
cMdOsI, ietwvw,PrUKwbwd, murwdwbwd, AnUp Sihr, bulMd Sihr, bjnOr
Awid ielwikAW dw mlIAwmyt kr id`qw sI[ ie`k vwr pitAwly dy
rwjy Amr isMG ny lwgly is`K rwijAW Aqy bGyl isMG dy kuJ ielwky
’qy Awpxw kbzw jmw ilAw sI[ ieh dyK bGyl isMG ny nwhn dy rwjy
pwsoN &OjI m`dd hwsl kr jMg dI iqAwrI kr leI[ sMn 1769 iv`c
GuVwm dy AsQwn ’qy dohW dlW dw cMgw ByV hoieAw[ bGyl isMG dI &Oj
dy kuJ sYinkW ny pitAwly Sihr ’qy hmlw kr id`qw jo ik GuVwm qoN 23
ku iklomItr ’qy hY pr Amr isMG dI &Oj ny mUMh qoVvW jvwb dy ky auh
sYink Sihr qoN bwhr Ajy Dkyly hI sn ik ieqny nUM bGyl isMG sYinkW
smyq pu`j igAw Aqy Amr isMG nUM ies A`gy Jukxw ipAw[ Amr isMG ny
SWqI r`Kx leI Awpxw vkIl cYn isMG srdwr bGyl isMG pws ByijAw[
iPr dohW dI imlxI lihl ipMf ivKy hoeI[ Amr isMG ny srdwr bGyl
isMG Aqy aus dy isr k`F srdwrW nUM iK`lq ByNt kIqI Aqy dosqwnw sMbMD
bxwey[ ies auprMq bGyl isMG, Amr isMG dI m`dd krdw irhw[ rqn
isMG BMgU ies im`qRqw bwry ilKdy hn:
AOr bwq bhu kXw ilKy inB geI aun sMg dyh[
bcnn ky pUry purS pwlq qyaU snyh (115)
1785 eIsvI nUM srdwr bGyl isMG, srdwr gurid`q isMG Aqy j`sw
isMG rwmgVHIAw ny jmnw pwr kr ky auprly duAwb (Upper Doab) ’qy
lu`t mwr kr ky bVw seIAd Sihr ’qy kbzw kr ilAw[ ieh ielwkw
jbIqw Kwn dy ADIn sI pr auh isMGW nUM rokx ’c As&l irhw[

(19)
 13 jnvrI 1785 nUM bGyl isMG Aqy aus dy swQIAW ny 30 hzwr
&Oz nwL brsI Aqy mihmUdpur jo seIAdW dy ipMf sn ’qy Awpxw
AiDkwr jmw ilAw[ iPr jdoN ieh cMdOsI vl vDy qW is`K &Oj dI
Awmd sux auQoN dw muKI bwno KW dOV igAw Aqy aus dy sihcwrI C`qU lwl
Aqy soBw rwm vI iq`qr ho gey[ ieh AmIrW dw ielwkw sI Aqy ieQy
qkrIbn do hzwr SwhUkwrW Aqy ibaupwrIAW dw v`fw kwrobwr cldw
sI[hmly dOrwn isMGW dy h`Q v`fI igxqI iv`c Dn l`igAw[
ies auprMq isMDIAw dw pRqIinD hrjI AMbwjI smJOqy leI bGyl
isMG kol AwieAw Aqy ieh g`lbwq keI idn c`ldI rhI[ 30 mwrc
1785 nUM is`KW Aqy mrh`itAW drimAwn ie`k sMDI hoeI ijs dy Sbd
sn, “dohW DiVAW iv`c dosqI Aqy duSmxI, KuShwlI Aqy mMdhwlI
prspr hovygI[ AwpsI &rk jW koJI hrkq jykr koeI idl iv`c r`Kygw
jW sMDI Anuswr koeI iQVkygw qW r`b aus dI gvwhI Brygw[ dohy iDrW
duSmx dI SkqI dw mukwblw rl ky krngIAW”[
jbIqw KW dw pu`qr gulwm kwdr KW ruhylw 1787 eIsvI iv`c id`lI
dy bwdSwh ivru`D vYr Bwvnw r`Kx l`g igAw[ 30 Agsq 1787 nUM aus
ny bGyl isMG nUM p`qr iliKAw ik qUM gulwm kwdr KW dy ielwky nUM Awpxy
kbzy ’c kr lY[ pr gulwm kwdr KW dy 5 sqMbr 1787 vwly id`lI
’qy hmly dOrwn bGyl isMG ny ie`k Kq ’c iliKAw ik mYN kwdr KW dI
shwieqw ies leI kIqI hY ikauNik isMDIAw ny swfI pRvwh nhIN kIqI
sI[ kuJ smyN ip`CoN isMGW dI ruhyly nwl Axbx ho geI Aqy aus dy swry
ielwky nUM hiQAw ilAw[
bUty Swh dI ilKq Anuswr bGyl isMG qkrIbn 12 swl pwxIpq
Aqy id`lI dy ielwky ’c irhw[ ClONdI aus dI rwjDwnI sI[ ie`Qy aus
ny bVw hI sw&-suQrw rwj pRbMD kIqw[ jlMDr, duAwb Aqy iSvwlk
dIAW phwVIAW nyVy dy ielwky bGyl isMG dy Bwxjy hmIr isMG dy ADIn
sn[ hmIr isMG dI mOq ip`CoN bGyl isMG jlMDr Aw gey[ ieQy phuMc ky
srdwr ny Alvr dy izMmIdwr Aqy jgrwauN dy izMmIdwr rwey AilAwies
kot Awid qoN swlwnw nzrwnw augrwhuxw SurU kr id`qw[ hirAwxw jo
A`j klH huiSAwrpur izlHy iv`c pYNdw hY ivKy aus Awpxw mu`K d&qr bxw
ilAw[

(20)
 srdwr bGyl isMG dy BwvyN swrIAW imslW dy muKIAW nwl bhuq
cMgy sMbMD sn pr knH`eIAw imsl dy jY isMG kwnHI dw aus dy mn AMdr
BwrI siqkwr Aqy snyh sI[ jY isMG dI mOq auprMq knHeIAW dI bGyl
isMG ny isr joV ky m`dd kIqI[ imswl vjoN jdoN kWgVy dw mugl
Qwxydwr pRlok suDwr igAw qW kWgVy dy iklHy ’qy sihj rwm hjwrI Aqy
jmWdwr zorwvr isMG knH`eIAw kwbj ho gey[ sMswr cMd ktoicAw ny
jY isMG kn`HeIAw kol ieh ^br phuMcweI Aqy ienHW nUM iklHy ’coN k`Fx
leI AwpxI Asmr`Qw pRgtweI qW jY isMG ny ies kMm leI bGyl isMG
nUM AwiKAw[ aus smyN bGyl isMG Aqy jY isMG dy p`uqr gurbKS isMG ny
sMswr cMd dI shwieqw kIqI[ bGyl isMG ieqnw cyqMn Aqy nIqIvwn sI
ik aus ny iklHy dy nvyN rKvwilAW nUM iml ky suJw id`qw ik qusIN sMswr
cMd qoN Awpxy inrbwh leI B`qw lY lau Aqy iklHw KwlI kr idau[
sihj rwm hjwrI Aqy jmWdwr zorwvr isMG ny ilKqI rUp ’c ieh g`l
svIkwr kr iklHw KwlI kr id`qw[ pr ies auprMq bGyl isMG Aqy
gurbKS isMG ny iklHw Awpxy ADIn kr ilAw[ sMswr cMd nUM pry kr
kWgVy dw iklHw knH`eIAw imsl nUM sONp id`qw[ AlI-aud-eIn mu&qI
Anuswr srdwr bGyl isMG ny iklHy ’coN imly Dn mwl dw kuJ ih`sw vI
nw mMigAw[ ieh knH`eIAw pRqI aus dI nyVqw Aqy KulHidlI dw sbUq
sI[ ie`k vwr jdoN &qih isMG pu`qr mihqwb isMG ny gulwb isMG BMgI
dw swQ lY ky jYml isMG pu`qr hkIkq isMG knH`eIAw nUM kYdI bxw ilAw
sI qW bGyl isMG ny ies dw ft ky ivroD kIqw Aqy jYml isMG nUM irhw
kr ky hI dm ilAw[
sohn lwl sUrI ny 1885 eIsvI nUM ilKI pusqk, ‘aumdq-auq-
qvwrIK’, lwhOr dy pMnw 23 ’qy vrnx kIqw hY ik jY isMG knH`eIAw ny
bGyl isMG dI m`dd nwl j`sw isMG rwmgVHIAw nUM aus dy ielwky ’coN
Dkyl id`qw[ ies bdly knH`eIAw ny kRoV isMGIAW dy muKI nUM bxdw ih`sw
vI id`qw[sMn 1784 dI dIvwlI nUM dovyN srdwr AMimRqsr iek`Ty hoey[
iesy qrHW 1794 eIsvI nUM rwxI sdw kOr kn`HeIAw ny j`sw isMG rwmgVHIey
nUM mYnI iklHy iv`c Gyrw pwieAw jo ibAws dirAw ’qy siQ`q sI qW bGyl
isMG ny rwxI dw p`K pUirAw[ so:
bGyl isMG sI swhsI sUrw[ is`K kOm dw sI Adu`qI nUrw[
isrV dw p`kw bcnw dw pUrw[ l`gx b`dl grjx jd mwry GUrw[
(21)
 rwjnIqI iv`c inpuMnqw
srdwr bGyl isMG bVw hI cqr, nIqIvwnUM Aqy kUtnIqI dw vI
mwihr sI[ jdoN ieh pwxIpq Aw ky rihx l`gw qW ies ny su`KU isMG
pohlI nUM rohqk, jINd Aqy gohwxw dy ielwikAW dw muKI bxw id`qw[ ieh
ipMf rwey (jo ksUr dy Sihr iv`c pYNdw sI) A&gwn qoN AwieAw sI[ ies
ny BweI bGyl isMG dI pRyrxw nwL AMimRq Ck ilAw Aqy BweI swihb dw
gVveI vI irhw[ ieh kRoV isMGIAw imsl ’c rih ky cMgw GoV-svwr
bx igAw sI Aqy bGyl isMG srdwr dw nwmvr SrDwlU bx igAw sI[
rohqk Awid ielwky dI vwgfor sMBwlx mgroN ies dy idmwg iv`c
Awzwd hsqI dy qOr ’qy ivcrn dw &qUr vs igAw[ ie`k vwr BweI
bGyl isMG ny ies nUM Aw ky imlx leI sunyhw ByijAw pr ieh gumwn
iv`c Awaux kr ky imlx nw AwieAw Aqy bwgI sur vI Awlwpx l`gw[
ies dy mn iv`c sI ik bGyl isMG qW hux bu`Fw ho igAw hY myrw kuJ nhIN
ibgwV skdw[ aus smyN srdwr ny AwpxI qjrbykwr isAwxp vrqI
Aqy prym Bry l&jW ’c zrUr imlx leI dubwrw ilK ByijAw[ jdoN s`uKU
isMG bGyl isMG nUM Aw ky imilAw qW aus ny ies nUM qkVI fWt pweI
Aqy slwKW ’c bMd kr id`qw[ CyvyN ku idn bwhr k`F aus nUM AwiKAw,
“qyry kol jo hY sB jbq, jwh ij`Qy jwxw”[ qd s`uKU isMG ny h`Q joV
Arz kIqI ik mYnUM b^S idE, A`gy vwsqy mYN AYsI glqI nhIN krWgw[
bUty Swh AwpxI pu`sqk dy pMnw 221 ’qy ilKdw hY ik bGyl isMG ny aus
nUM kyvl b^iSAw hI nhIN sI sgoN ie`k kImqI duSwlw Aqy GoVw dy ky
ielwky dw iPr mwlk Qwp id`qw[ ieh Gtnw srdwr dI dirAwidlI
dw pRgtwvw krdI hY[

bGyl isMG dw AMq

srdwr bGyl isMG gurU dw lwl Aqy is`K kOm dw pwl, swrw jIvn
byhwlo-byhwl Aqy inhwlo-inhwl ho AMq nUM hirAwxw (ijlHw huiSAwrpur)
iv`c ibkRmI 1859 sMn 1802 nUM sohn lwl sUrI dI iLKq Anuswr sMswr
qoN kUc kr igAw[ KuSvkq rwey AwpxI ikrq ‘ikqwby qvwrIKy pMjwb’
iv`c ilKdy hn ik srdwr bGyl isMG dIAW do srdwrnIAW (rwm kOr
Aqy rwj kOr ) sn pr dohW dy koeI AOlwd nhIN sI[ srdwr ny qkrIbn

(22)
60 swl Awpxy ielwikAW ’qy rwj kIqw[ ies Albyly, dlyr, byKO& Aqy
DrmI XoDy dy sMswr qoN jwx nwL kOMm AMdr v`fw KlwA pYdw ho igAw[
srdwr dI mOq dw A&sos krn su`KU isMG hirAwxy AwieAw[
bGyl isMG dy sB imsldwrW Aqy qwbydwrW ny su`KU isMG nUM kRoV isMGIAw
imsl dw muKI mMn ilAw pr bGyl isMG dIAW srdwrnIAW ny ies nUM
muKI mMnx leI hwmI nw BrI[ kwrn ieh sI ik bGyl isMG dy prm
im`qr gurbKS isMG dy pu`qr joD isMG ny Awpxy Awp nUM kRoV isMGIAw
imsl dw vwrs hox dw AYlwn kr id`qw sI[ srdwr joD isMG klsIAW
pu`qr srdwr gurbKS isMG klsIAW bMs dw moFI sI ny BweI bGyl isMG
dI keI Xu`DW iv`c m`dd kIqI sI[
kuJ smW auprMq su`KU isMG v`fI srdwrnI rwm kOr dw swQ dyx l`g
igAw pr imsldwr CotI srdwrnI rwj kOr nwL rL gey[ ies du&wV
kwrn kRoV isMGIAw imsl dw BwrI nukswn hoieAw[ keI imsldwrW ny
AwpxI Awzwd hsqI Dwrn kr leI[ su`KU isMG qlvx dy iklHy iv`c
jw viVAw[ mihmUd KW vI ivroDI ho igAw Aqy aus ny qwrw isMG gYbw
dy h`Q nwl h`Q imlwieAw[ AwKIr bUty Swh Anuswr imsl dw swrw
ielwkw jo sqluj qoN pry dw sI mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny Awpxy ADIn
kr ilAw[ v`fI srdwrnI pws hirAwxy dw ielwkw sI ijs dI swlwnw
Awmdn do l`K rupey dy krIb sI Aqy CotI CMdOlI dI mwlk sI Aqy
ies dI Awmdn iqMn l`K sI pr ienHW dI mOq auprMq CotI srdwrnI dy
ielwky ’qy AMgryz kwbz ho gey[
is`KI isdk vwLy jrnYl Aqy nwiek ny guruU Awsry bhuqw jIvn
qlvwrW dIAW DwrW hyT ibqwieAw[ muglW, mrh`itAW Aqy ruhyilAW
nwL sKq t`kr leI[ swrI izMdgI iksy dI tYN nhIN mMnI[ sB qoN v`fw
aupkwr jo kIqw auh sI id`lI iv`c gurdAwrw swihbwn bxwauxy[ id`lI
&qih kr ky, lwl iklHy ’qy kysrI inSwn Julw jdoN gurdAwirAW dI syvw
krwaux auprMq pMjwb Awaux qoN pihlW bwdSwh Swh Awlm dy drbwr
iv`c bwdSwh nUM ibnW sIs Jukwey, SSqrDwrI ho Aqy hwQI ’qy bYT ky
mulwkwq leI phuMcy[ drbwr iv`c phuMc ky ‘vwihgurU jI kw Kwlsw Aqy
vwihgurU jI kI &qih’ bulweI Aqy ‘boly so inhwl, siq sRI Akwl’ dy

(23)
jYkwry gjwey’[ ieh g`l BweI bGyl isMG dy isdk, zmIr Aqy is`K
kOm dy nwiek hox nUM cwr cMd lwauNdI hY[ ies kr ky ilKxw bxdw hY:
vwh srdwr bGyl isMG, isMGW dw srdwr[
auh g`ijAw id`lI jw ky, muglW dy drbwr[
aus Gyr leI id`lI zor nwl, qy mwrI jw llkwr[
inklo muglo lwl iklHy ’coN, hux ieh swfw drbwr[
isMG Jpty ibjlI vWgrW, mugl k`F ’qy bwhrbwr[
auQy JMfy kysrI Julw id`qy, kih ky boly so inhwl[
ieM\ mwrI id`lI isMG bGyl ny, Et q`k aus krqwr[
pRo&Ysr svrnjIq isMG dy ieh Sbd hn ik Agr dl ^wlsw qy
bwkI imslW dy srdwr, srdwr bGyl isMG dw swQ idMdy qW is`K swry
Bwrq iv`c rwj kr skdy sn[ ruhyly is`KW dy swQI bx gey sn, AMgryz
dUr bYTy sn, mugl kmzor ho cu`ky sn qy mrh`ty au~Tx Xogy nhIN sn pr
srdwrW dI AwpsI eIrKw qy pitAwLy dy rwjy Amr isMG dI duSmxI ny
srdwr bGyl isMG hurW dw ^wlsw rwj sQwpq krn dw supnw pUrw nw
hox id`qw qy AwKr ies supny nUM mn iv`c hI lY ky 1802 eIsvI iv`c
guru-crnW iv`c jw ivrwjy[
so id`lI &qih kwrn vwLy ies mhwn nwiek nUM vwr vwr pRxwm
ijs ny zwlm Aqy zulm nwL do h`Q kr ky kOm dIAW sdIAW dI gulwmI
qy prwDInqw dIAW jMzIrW qoV ky pwS-pwS kr id`qIAW[ fwktr
iekbwl dy bol hn:
XkIN myNhkm, Aml pYhm, muh`bq &wiqho Awlm[
jhwid-izMdgwnI myN hYN iXh mrdoN kI SmSIry[
Aqy
gulwmI myN nw kwm AwqI hYN SmSIry nw qdbIryN[
jy ho zOik-XkIN pYdw qo k`t jwqI hNY jMzIryN[

(24)
 AiDAwie 2
bMdw isMG bhwdr dI Shwdq ip`CoN isMGW
’qy duKWq dw kihr
sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI dI nUr-ey-ielwhI ikRpw idRStI sdkw,
AMimRq dw jwm pI ky lCmx dws vYrwgI swDU, bMdw isMG bhwdr dw
iKqwb hwsl kr igAw[ gurU swihb dw hukm mMn ieh pMj isMGW (BweI
ibnod isMG, BweI kwnH isMG, BweI dXw isMG, BweI bwj isMG Aqy BweI
rwm isMG) dw jQw pMj qIrW, ie`k inSwn swihb (jo ^wlsy dI Awzwd
hsqI dw pRqIk hY) Aqy ngwrw (jo cVHdI klw dI inSwnI hY) hwsl kr
ky gurU jI dy bcnW ’qy Pu`l cVHwaux leI nMdyV qoN AkqUbr 1708 nUM Coty
swihbzwidAW (bwbw zorwvr isMG Aqy bwbw &qih isMG) dy kwqlW dw
mlIAwmyt krn leI pMjwb v`l quirAw[siqgurW ies nUM pMQ dI j`QydwrI
soNp ky ieh Sbd aucwry:
bMdw kIno is`K qb, qyg bhwdr nMd[
pWc bwn dy ieauN khXo, mwro jwie srhMd[
(isMG swgr ikRq vIr isMG bl)
Bwv bMdy nUM is`K pMQ dw muKIAw QwipAw, KudmuKiqAwr nhIN[
siqgurW ny ASIrvwd dyx smyN AwiKAw, “^wlsy dI pMcwieq pMj isMG
hn, jykr quhwnUM kdy du`K qklI&, AOkV jW Gwt pyS Awvy qW ienHW qoN
Ardws krwauxI”[ sRI gur pRqwp sUrj gRMQ iv`c drz hY: ‘pMj isMG lY
ky qU swQ[ krIN Ardws pUrI hoie Aws’[ hor AwiKAw, ‘pMQ dw vwsw
pMjW iv`c hY Aqy kdy vI pMjW dy hukm dI AdUlI nhIN krnI[ Akwl
purK ’qy Brosw r`Kxw hr mYdwn qyrI &qih hovygI’[
pwqSwh ny gurU ky is`KW nUM bMdy dI hr m`dd leI hukmnwmy ilK
Byjy[ieh hukmnwmy dyK v`Ko v`K QwvW qoN isMG sUrmy Ssqr, GoVy qy Dn
Awid lY ky DVw DV bMdy bhwdr nwl Aw rly[ rsqy iv`c pVwA dy dOrwn
bMdw jdoN sMgqW nUM swihbzwidAW dy ShId krn dI idl-kMbwaU gwQw
Awpxy AxIAwly, bIr rsI Aqy im`Ty bolW nwl suxwauNdw qy zwlmW dI
suDweI leI auqyijq krdw qW auh mn iv`c socdy ik AYsI izMdgI nwloN
Drm Xu`D iv`c Swml ho ky mr jwxw cMgw hY[ SrDwvwn sMgqW bMdy A`gy

(25)
mohrW, gihixAW, k`piVAW, Anwj qy SsqrW dw Fyr lgw idMdIAW sn[
AwKIr bwbw bMdw isMG bhwdr srihMd qoN 25 ku iklomItr dI
dUrI ’qy c`pV-icVI, ij`Qy drKqW dy kw&I JuMf sn, dy AsQwn ’qy dlW
smyq phuMc igAw[ muslm ilKwrI KwPI KW isMGW dI igxqI 40 hzwr
ilKdw hY[ ie`Qy phuMc ky bMdy ny srihMd dy sUbydwr vzIr KW (Kwn vjIdy)
nUM vMgwr BrI ic`TI ilKI ik qUM iqAwrI kr lY ijqnI qyry ’c ihMmq hY,
isMG qyry ’qy cVHweI kr ky Aw rhy hn[ kyvl isMG inrdoS ic`TI dy mu`K
SbdW nUM ieM\ ibAwn krdw hY:
bMdw isMG bhwdr ilKdw, A`KW KolH ky pVH Eey Kwn[
cVH Awey ny isMG sUrmy, kr gurU dw hukm prvwn[
qYnUM ijauNdy nUM nI B`jx dyxgy, qyry pwpW dw hux hoaU Bugqwn[
ieiqhwsk izkr hY ik ieh ic`TI pVH ky vzIr KW ny bVHk mwr
ky AwiKAw, ‘mYN ies bMdy nUM AYsw sbk isKwvWgw ’qy burI mOqy mwrWgw,
is`KI ies ip`CoN qbwh ho jwvygI Aqy koeI vI bMdw iPr is`K nhIN bxygw’[
12 meI 1710 nUM c`pV-ic`VI ivKy svyry hI jMg SurU ho geI[ dohW
pwisAW dy sUrmy CwqIAW qwx ky Aqy joS hoS nwl ie`k dUjy ’qy vwr kr
rhy sn[ muglW pws cMgw qopKwnW hox kr ky isMGW dw BwrI nukswn
ho irhw sI[ grmI vI kVwky dI sI[ cwry pwsy mwr lau mwr lau dy
Awvwjy gMUj rhy sn[ pr gurU dy rMg ’c rMgy hoey isMG nukswn hox dy
bwvjUd muglW dy h`ly rok rhy sn[ DrqI lhU nwl rMgI geI[ Aihvwib-
sqwn dI ilKq muqwbk vzIr KW qyzI nwl A`gy viDAw Aqy bwj isMG
nUM llkwr ky boilAw, “auey gMdy ku`qy huiSAwr ho jw”[ ieh kihMidAW
aus ny bwj isMG ’qy nyjy nwl vwr kIqw pr bwj isMG ny bhuq PurqI
nwl nyjw boc ilAw[ vzIr KW ny hwQI dI AMbwrI ’qy bYiTAW ie`k qIr
bwj isMG v`l iK`c ky mwirAw ijhVw aus dI bWh iv`c l`igAw[ iPr
auh qlvwr nwl vwr krn leI bwj isMG ’qy JpitAw[ bwj isMG ny
llkwr ky AwiKAw, “isMGW idAw vYrIAw, hux qYnUM mOq bulw rhI hY[
hux mYdwn-ey-jMg iv`coN vYrIAw B`j ky nhIN jw skdw”[ ies lVweI dI
kukVKohI dOrwn kudrqI &qih isMG vI aus nwl Aw iBiVAw[ &qih
isMG ny vzIr KW dy AYsI qlvwr mwrI, ijhVI auhdy moFy nUM cIrdI hoeI
kmr q`k jw phuMcI[ ieh hwQI qoN ifg ipAw qy ieqny nUM bwj isMG ny

(26)
ies dI DOx ’qy gofw r`K kwbU kr ilAw[ ies nUM isMGW dy kwbU hoieAw
dyK mugl &Oj jwnW bcw ky iq`qr ho geI[ mYdwn isMGW ny &qih kr
vzIdy nUM drKq nwl bMnH ky pu`Tw ltkwieAw Aqy hyT A`g bwl ky A`Dw
pc`Dw swiVAw Aqy Pyr bldW ip`Cy bMnH ky GVIs ky mwirAw[ gurbwxI
AMdr pwpIAW pRqI bcn hn:
grIbw aupir ij iKMjY dwVI pwrbRhim sw Agin mih swVI]
pUrw inAwau kry krqwr] Apuny dws kau rwKnhwru](188)
jy ko bhuq kry AhMkwru auh iKn mih rulqw KwkuU nwil](565)
vzIr KW dw AMq kr ky isMGW ny srihMd &qih kIqI, su`cw nMd
vrgy cMfwlW, dvYS BwvnW vwilAW Aqy sihbzwidAW nUM nIhW ’c icxw
ky ShId krn vwilAW duStW nUM l`B l`B ky mwirAw[ BweI sMqoK isMG
ilKdy hn:
Koj Koj so mMgvwey[hwQ pwv kY nwk ktwey[
kyiqk ky kir kir muK kwry[ gDih cFwey vihr inkwry[
(sRI gur pRqwp sUrj gRMQ)
igAwnI igAwn isMG ilKdy hn:
kyqk kuqXW qoN pVvwey[ kyqk DrqI AiDk gfwey[
bMdy mwr srMd ko gur bcn kmwey[
swihbzwidEN kw ley aun bYr mhwey[(pMQ pRkwS)
ieQy ies jMg dw hwl kyvl tUk mwqR hI id`qw igAw hY ikauNik dws
ny pihlW ilKI pusqk ‘srihMd ivjyqw bwbw bMdw isMG bhwdr’ iv`c KolH
ky vrnx kIqw hoieAw hY[
14 meI 1710 nUM srihMd &qih kr ky ^wlseI kysrI JMfy Julw
ky bMdy ny ‘^wlsw rwj’ sQwpq kIqw[ ieh pIrI qy mIrI ’qy inrBr
ie`k hlymI rwj sI[ hlymI rwj dw Bwv hY ‘ijs rwj AMdr prjw nUM
inAW imly, auh AwzwdI nwl pRsMn ic`q ho ky ivcry Aqy pwpIAW leI
koeI QW nw hovy ArQwq h`k s`c qy inAW au~qy AwDwrq rwj[Ajyhy rwj
nUM ‘rwj jog’ vI AwiKAw jWdw hY ikauNik AYsy rwj AMdr DrmIAW leI
r`bI SkqI nwl juVn dw sMklp Aqy KulH-KyfH huMdI hY[bMdy dw clwieAw
^wlsw rwj sWJIvwlqw qy suqMqrqw dw pRqIk sI[pr JUiTAW, dYNqW,

(27)
KUnI qy lutyirAW nMU ieh g`l nhIN sI BwauNdI[bMdy ny ies rwj nUM kwiem
r`Kx leI A`q dw sMGrS kIqw[AwKIr r`bI rMg iv`c rMigAw hoieAw
ieh inrBY, inrvYr Aqy ibbykI XoDw dsMbr 1716 nUM gurdws nMgl gVHI
AMdr pey A`T mhIny dy Gyry auprMq qurkW ny kYdI bxw ilAw[ies ny
Aqy nwL dy qkrIbn 300 isMGW ny Bu`K dy du`KoN Awpxy Awp nUM hvwly
kIqw[auprMq jrvwixAW ny ienHW dy mUMh kwly kr ky isrW ’qy bWdr
topIAW puAw ky h`Q pYr bMnH ky do do nUM aUTW, giDAW ’qy K`crW ’qy ibTw
id`lI phuMcwieAw[rsqy iv`c ienHW nwl A`q dw GtIAw slUk kIqw
igAw[aunHW aup`r gMd mMd su`itAw igAw, gwlI-gloc, B`dy T`Ty-mKOl
qy kmIny qwhny mwry gey[id`lI ivKy drSk s`Xd muhMmd AwpxI ilKq
qbsrq-aul-nzrIn iv`c ilKdw hY ik mYN ie`k is`K qoN ieSwry nwl
p`uiCAw ik qusIN ieqnI BwrI gusqwKI qy aup`dr ikauN kIqw? qW aus
ny Awpxy m`Qy ’qy h`Q r`K ky ieSwry nwl mYnUM smJw id`qw ik ieh swfI
qkdIr iv`c iliKAw hoieAw hY Aqy AsIN r`b dy Bwxy AMdr KuS hW[
aus dI ies g`l ny mYnUM AnMidq kr id`qw Aqy gwA ky vI suxwieAw:
mwQY jo Duir iliKAw su myit n skY koie]
nwnk jo iliKAw so vrqdw so bUJY ijs no ndir hoie] (1ô13)
&rKusIAr dy hukm Anuswr swry PVy isMGW nUM kql krn dw hukm
ho igAw[koqvwlI dy srbrwh ny isMGW nUM jdoN ieh SwhI hukm suxwieAw
ik jW muslmwn bx jwau jW mrn leI iqAwr ho jwau qW isMGW ny au~cI
qy bulMd Awvwz iv`c AwiKAw, “swnUM is`KI ipAwrI hY Aqy mOq dI pRvwh
nhIN”[
bs iPr 5 mwrc 1716 qoN hr roz 100 isMG kql krn leI
koqvwlI kol bwhr iljwieAw jWdw sI[ KUMKwr qy Srwb dy nSy ’c Du`q
jlwd qlvwrW aulwr ky hr isMG nUM kol blwauNdy qy gurU ky isMG jYkwry
gjwauNdy ShIdI pRwpq krdy sn[ieh kqlogwrd 7 idn c`lI[muslmwn
ilKwrI KwPI KW dI ilKq ‘muqKwb-aul-lbwb’ dy pMnw 76 Aqy AMgryz
ilKwrI sI.Awr.ivlsn (C.R.Wilson) dI pusqk Early Annals of the
English in Bengal dy pMnw 96 qoN 98 q`k ieh swkw drz hY[ie`k hor
AMgryz iLKwrI AYliPnstn (Alfinston) ilKdw hY, ‘auh swry is`K A`q
drzy dI mjbUq idlI nwl mry[aunHW nUM AwpxIAW ijMdW bcwaux vwsqy

(28)
keI qrHW dy lwlc id`qy gey ik Drm iqAwg ky jwnW bcw lau pr sB
ny AYsy lwlcW nUM iGRxW dI nzr nwL dyiKAw[auh kYsy Drm dy p`ky sn
ik 740 is`K qsIhy Bog Bog ky ShId ho gey[ie`QoN qweIN ik rwh iv`c
nv-ivAwhy PVHy gey ie`k is`K b`cy ny jwn bKSI ho jwx ’qy vI Aqy mW
dy JUT bolx nwL ik myrw bytw is`K nhIN hY, ny ijMd bcwaux qoN ShId
hoxw ibhqr smiJAw’[
sYrul muqwKrIn dy Sbd hn:
“dr kuSqW Sudn Xky br dIgry sbkq my jusq vw imMnqy
jlwd my nmUd ky A`vl Erw ibkusyd”[
Bwv kql hox leI hr ie`k isMG ie`k dUjy nwloN qyzI nwl A`gy
v`Ddw sI qy jlwd dI imMnq krdw sI ik pihlW mYnUM kql kro[
19 jUn 1716 dy idn bMdw isMG bhwdr Aqy aus dy jrnYlW nUM ie`k
jlUs dI Skl iv`c Kuvwjw kuqb-aud dIn bKiqAwr kwkI dy mkbry,
jo mihrolI ivKy kuqb mInwr dy kol hY, ilAWdw igAw[bMdy bhwdr nUM jo
lohy dy ipMjry iv`c bMd sI qy ip`Cy KVHy jrnYlW Kws kr BweI bwj isMG,
BweI &qih isMG, BweI rwm isMG Awid nUM jdoN mOq dy Gwt auqwrn dw
hukm hoieAw qW ienHW ny AwiKAw, “AsIN mOq nUM kbUldy hW qy mOq swfy
leI Amr jIvn hY”[ieh juAwb suxidAW jlwdW ny swirAW dy sIs
qlvwrW nwl DVW nwloN v`K kr id`qy[ ieh kqlogwrd bMdy nMU frwaux
leI kIqI geI sI[
&rKusIAr ny bMdy qoN pu`iCAw, ‘mYN suixAW qyrw nW bMdw bhwdr hY,
hux idKw koeI bhwdrI’[bMdy ny au~qr id`qw, “bwdSwh jy kr Ajy q`k
myrI bhwdrI dw qYnUM pqw nhIN l`igAw qW A`j zrUr hI l`g jwvygw”[
bwdSwh ny A`gy AwiKAw, “bMdy! jy qUM ieslwm kbUl kr lvyN qW mYN qYnUM
bhuq v`fw ruqbw dy skdw hW”[ auq`r sI, “mYnUM nw qW iksy ruqby dI,
pdwrQ dI, Dn dI Aqy nw hI ijaux dI loV hY[mYN qW gurU dy bcnW qy
pihrw dy irhw hW Aqy mOq kbUlx leI iqAwr hW”[ &ruKsIAr gu`sy
iv`c boilAw, “hux d`s qUM ikhVI mOq mrnw cwhuMdw hNY? au~qr id`qw,
“ijhVI mOq qUM Awp mrnw cwhuMdw hYN”[bMdy dw ieh vwk aus dI ShIdI
qoN iqMn swl bwAd pUrw hoieAw ikauNik s`Xd BrwvW ny &ruKsIAr nUM
aus dIAW A`KW k`F qsIhy dy ky mwirAw sI[

(29)
 muglW ny jo bhuq hI iGnwauxI Aqy idl dihlwaux vwlI kwrvweI
kIqI, Kw&I KW Anuswr jlwd ny bMdy dy 4 swlw lVky AjY isMG dw KMjr
mwr ky qVPdw hoieAw lhU BirAw idl k`F ky bMdy dy mUMh iv`c pwaux
dw Xqn kIqw pr aus ny mUMh bMd kr ilAw[iPr vih rhy KUn dy iC`ty
bMdy dy mUMh ’qy mwry gey[sB dyKx vwilAW nUM ies g`l dw AcMBw hoieAw
ik bMdw AYsI drdnwk Gtnw dyK vI pUrn qOr ’qy Aih`l bYTw sI[ iPr
SwhI audyS imlx ’qy jlwd ny CurI nwl bMdw isMG bhwdr dIAW A`KW
k`FIAW[ ies dy srIr ’qy lohy dy srIey grm kr ky lwey, jMbUrW nwl
mws noicAw, iPr h`Q pYYr k`ty qy AwKIr qlvwr nwl srIr dy toty kr
id`qy[AMq nUM bMdy dI rUh prm joq nwL iml geI Aqy vihSIpuxw ^qm
ho igAw[muslmwn ilKwrIAW dIAW ilKqW drswauNdIAW hn ik ieqny
kStW dy bwvjUd vI bMdw SWq ic`q, Aih`l, Afol, idRV Aqy iksy iksm
dI qVPnw mihsUs nhIN sI kr irhw[
ieh A`q iBAwnk qy idl kMbwaU idRS dyKx vwly vI hYrwn sn
ik bMdw kYsI AnoKI klw dw mwlk hY[ AYsI mhwn krnI gurU goibMd
isMG jI dI bKiSS sdkw hI sI[srdwr surjIq isMG Albylw ny mhW
nwiek bwbw bMdw isMG dI Afolqw bwry AwpxI kwiv rcnw iv`c ieM\
AMikq kIqw hY:
AMg AMg pey k`tdy, bxy jlwd cMfwl[
mws jMbUrW nocdy, pr muK auhdy jlwl[
dono k`ty h`Q pYr, mMgI BIK nw KYr[
DrmoN mUl nw foilAw, qwx lgwieAw gYr[
Bwxw im`Tw mMinAw, nw koeI boly bol[
&qih jYkwrw C`ifAw, q^q id`lI igAw fol[
pw igAw isMG ShIdIAW, krz isroN auqwr[
dMg &rKusIAwr rih igAw, ASky khy pukwr[
bwjW vwly qoN imlI, is`KI dI ieh dwq[
s`c mu`c bwjW vwlVy, kIqI bKiSS Awp[
ieM\ is`K pMQ dw mhwn jrnYl sdw leI Amr ho igAw, ijvyN
gurbwxI dy bol hn:
sUrj ikrn imly jl kw jl hUAw rwm]
joqI joq rlI spUrn QIAw rwm]
(30)
 ^wlsy ’qy zulmW dI AMnHyrI Aqy ShwdqW dw AwrMB
ShId dw fu`ilHAw KUn kdy AjweIN nhIN jWdw[ieh KUn Drm dw
bIj hox kr ky s`c ’qy pihrw dyx leI DrmI, sukrmI Aqy AxKI
XoiDAW nUM auqSwhq krdw hY[bMdy dI lwswnI Shwdq ip`CoN p`qw p`qw
isMGW dw vYrI ho igAw[horW ny qW isMGW dy vYrI hoxw sI, bwdSwh bhwdr
Swh ijs nUM sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI ny id`lI dy rwj q^q au~qy, aus dy
Brw qwrw Awzm nUM jMg iv`c mwr ky ibTwieAw sI[aus ny gurU swihb
dy joqI joq smwaux qoN bwAd Aqy bMdw bhwdr dy ^wlsw rwj smyN ieh
Purmwn jwrI kIqw:
‘bhwdur Swh bIjwpur kI Pqy kir, nrbdw Awey, Xy qwhIN mo
Kbr AweI, jo isMG nI lwhOr my Aml krI, nwnik gurU kw is`kw
clwieAw[Ajmqy nwnik gurU hm jwhro hm bwq nsq[ bwdSwh isK kUM
qMbIh vwsqy pMjwb gey[so hjwr isK mwir mudwry cuxwX dIey’[
ipAwrw isMG pdm sMKyp is`K ieiqhws dy pMnw 61-62 ’qy ilKdy
hn, SwhI hukm Anuswr isMGW nUM cux cux ky mwirAw igAw[ ie`k hor
Purmwn jwrI kIqw ik qmwm ihMdU dwVHIAW munvw lYx ikauNik aunHW
Aqy is`KW dy drimAwn &rk dw pqw nhIN lgdw[ieauN mzbUrn bhuq
swry ihMdUAW nUM AwpxIAW dwVHIAW ktwauxIAW peIAW[PrvrI 1712
eIsvI iv`c bhwdr Swh lwhOr ivKy ibmwr ho ky mr igAw[ ies ip`CoN
&ruKsIAr id`lI dy q^q ’qy bYTw[ mYlkm dy Sbd hn ik aus smyN is`KW
dy KUnI G`lUGwirAW dw zmwnw sI[ ies iBAwnk smyN is`KW ijqnIAW s`tW
KwDIAW, auqny auh izAwdw auqWh au~Ty[ pMjwb dI KylH BUmI iv`c bhwdr
isMGW dI kOm aus iK`do vW| sI ijs nUM sB pwisauN Tu`fy pY rhy hox, pr
auh hmySw Awsmwn vl nUM auCldI jw rhI sI[ Asl iv`c isMGW dI
kurbwnI ies KylH dI gu`fI cVHw rhI sI[ krnYl isMG pMCI dy bol hn:
Cupwey Cup nhIN skqy ShIdoN ky iXh APswny[
Agr sUlI nw bolI qo lhU kI Dwr bolygI[
XugoN q`k roSnI imlqI rhygI ien icrwgoN sy[
ik hr loA Awpny prvwny kI jY jY kwr bolygI[
17 ApRYl 1719 nUM &ruKsIAr nUM kql kr id`qw[ ies dI QW 1719
qoN 1748 q`k muhMmd Swh rMgIlw id`lI dy q^q ’qy irhw[ AYS pRsq hox

(31)
kr ky cMgw rwj Bwg clwaux leI auh nwkwmXwb sI[ ies dI kmzorI
q`k smyN dy hwkm Awp hudrIAW kr rhy sn[ lwhOr dw hwkm Abdul
sm`d KW is`KW dI ienklwbI lihr dw mlIAwmyt krn ’qy qul igAw[
ies dI s^qI kwrn is`K qlvwrW, crKVIAW qy KMjrW dw iSkwr ho
rhy sn[ BweI kwnH isMG jI ny 1720 eIsvI nUM AMimRqsr dIvwlI mOky
srb`q ^wlsy dw iek`T kIqw[ ies smyN q`q Kwlsw ’qy bMdeI ^wlsw
iv`c JgVw vI hoieAw pr BweI mnI isMG jI ny idAwnqdwrI vrq ky
m`q-Byd dUr krvw id`qy[
Abdul sm`d KW is`KW dIAW srgrmIAW dyK idloN sV-bL irhw
sI[ s`Xd muhMmd lqIP ilKdw hY ik aus ny hukm kIqw ik ij`Qy vI koeI
is`K imly, mukw idau[ aus ny is`KW dI au~G-su`G dyx vwilAW, PV ky
ilAwaux vwilAW Aqy mwrn vwilAW nUM ienwm vI AYsy r`Ky:
d`sy jo ds dmVy pwvY[ pwie bIs isKrw pkrwvY[
pwie pcws ilAwvY jo sIs[ imly jwgIr kwm vf bIs[
(pMQ pRkwS, igAwnI igAwn isMG)
ieh AYlwn sux gdwr muKbr Kws kr, CIinAW dw cODrI krmw,
qlvMfI dw cODrI rwmw rMDwvw, jMifAwly dw srn dws huMdwlIAw,
hirBgq inrMjnIAW, Awid lwlc bs ieqny hoey ik is`K BrwvW dy KUn
dI holI Kyf Dn Aqy jwgIrW pRwpq krn l`g pey[
sMn 1726 ’c Abdul sm`D KW mulqwn dw sUbydwr Aqy ies dw
pu`qr zkrIAW KW (Kwn bhwdr) lwhOr dw gvrnr bx igAw[ zkrIAw
KW is`KW nUM nSt krn leI Awpxy ipau qoN vI keI h`Q aup`r sI[ ieh
k`tVvwdI, ihMswvwdI, krUr Aqy KUMKwr idl vwlw sI[ ies qwnwSwhI,
hMkwrI Aqy ivkwrI ny is`KW dy ivnwS leI l`k bMnH ilAw Aqy hukm jwrI
kIqw, ‘myry ielwky iv`c is`K nw rihx id`qy jwx[ jy koeI is`K dI d`s
pwvy, jW PVwvy, qW mwr ^qm kr idau[ jo is`KW dI m`dd krygw, auhnW
nUM Awsrw dyvygw, jW auhnW nwL swk-sMbMD r`Kygw, aus nUM mOq dI szw
id`qI jwvygI jW muslmwn bxwieAw jwvygw’[ iehnW hukmW qoN ielwvw
is`KW leI sRI hirmMdr swihb jI dy drSn ieSnwn ’qy vI pwbMdI lgw
id`qI[ BweI rqn isMG BMgU ‘pRwcIn pMQ pRkwS’ iv`c ilKdy hn:

(32)
 jo isMGn ko koaU lukwvY[so vih ApnI jwn guAwvY[
Awey isMG bqwvY nwhIN[ vih BI ApnI ijMd guAwhI[
jo isMGn ko swk kryvy[ muslmwn so hovn lyvY[
jo isMGn ko dyvY nwj[ muslmwn kry iqn kwj[
AYsw Purmwn sux ky Aqy lwlc v`s ho isMGW dI Bwl iv`c gSqI
sYink idn rwq qury iPrdy sn[jVoN hI isMGW dw Kurw Koj imtwaux leI
zkrIey ny ielwky dy cODrIAW nUM lwhOr bulw ky frwieAw, DmkwieAw
Aqy kMn kIqy[jo cODr dy Bu`iKAW ienHW cODrIAW ny kIqw sohx isMG
sIql AwpxI kwiv rcnw ’c ieM\ ilKdy hn:
cODrIAW ieh hukm pw bhu zulm kmwieAw[
is`KW nUM mrvwaux dw jd bIVw cwieAw[
dyS C`f ky ^wlsw prdys isDwieAw[
‘sIql’ peIAW AOkVW kuC AMq nw AwieAw[
ipAwrw isMG pdm, ‘sMKyp is`K ieqhws’ dy pMnw 69-70 ’qy
AMikq krdy hn, keI loBIAW AwpxIAW znwnIAW dy vwl k`t ky ienwm
ley qy keIAW rwvI kMFy vsx vwly bycwry pcwiDAW (pMjwb dy d`Kx
p`CmI ielwky nUM pcwD kihMdy sn Aqy auQoN dy vsnIkW nUM pcwDy) dy kys
k`t ky rupey hwsl kIqy[.... isMGW leI isr lukwaux vwsqy koeI itkwxw
vI nhIN sI, corI-CporI kdI ieQy, kdI auQy Bu`Kx-Bwxy auh idn-ktI
krdy iPrdy sn[AwpxI CwqI ’qy p`Qr r`K ky gurU Awsry svYmwn Aqy
AxK dw jIvn ijaux leI Gr bwr C`f ky ieh ivcwry jUJ rhy sn[
‘rwj krygw ^wlsw’ ienHW dw jIvn audyS sI[Awpxy h`kW dI rwKI leI
Aqy smUh prjw dy kilAwx Aqy iensw& leI ieh gurU dy ^wlsy mOq dy
k&n isrW ’qy bMnHI iPrdy sn[bulHy Swh aus smyN dI hwlq dw pRgtwvw
ies qrHW krdw hY:
dr KulHw hSr Azwb dw[burw hwl hoieAw pMjwb dw[
fwktr ikrpwl isMG nwrMg dy Sbd hn, ‘isMG hoxw mOq lwVI
nwl ivAwh krn dy brwbr sI[jy ie`k znwnI dUjI znwnI nUM pu`CdI ik
qyry ikMny b`cy hn, “qW auh dsdI, b`cy qW cwr hn, pr ie`k AMimRq Ck
ky isMG sj igAw hY”[ aus dy jvwb dw mqlb ieh sI ik auh ie`k qrHW
isMG sj ky mOq dy hvwly ho c`ukw hY[ Asl iv`c loBIAW, hMkwrIAW Aqy

(33)
JUiTAW nUM s`c cMgw nhIN lgdw, JUT bdI socdw hY Aqy s`c nykI locdw
hY[sMswr AMdr mu`F kdImW qoN hI bdI qy nykI ’c ByV jwrI hY[nykI
dw rsqw BlweI vwlw, ifgdy nUM shwrw dyx vwlw, fubdy nUM iknwrw dyx
vwlw Aqy prySwn nUM idlwsw dyx vwlw huMdw hY jd ik bdI dI soc vwlw
hmySw buirAweI icqvdw hY, KVHy nUM su`tx dI g`l krdw hY Aqy qrdy nUM
fobx q`k jWdw hY[bdI kmwaux vwlw iksy dw im`q nhIN huMdw, kwdrXwr
dy Sbd hn:
fwl fMgxo s`p nhIN mUl jWdw, BwvyN l`p iv`c du`D ipAw mIAW[
burw bwj burweI QIN nw AwvY, l`K Blw ies nwl kmw mIAW[
pUCl ku`qy dI kdy nw hovy is`DI, bwrW brs BwvyN nVI iv`c pw mIAW[
kwdrXwr prnIq ’qy imLy bdlw, BwvyN lvy koeI l`K vwr Azmw mIAW[
BweI qwrw isMG vW, pu`qr gurdws isMG bhuq hI im`T-bolVw, KulH
idlw, qIr-AMdwzI qy qlvwrbwzI iv`c bhuq hI inpuMn sI[ vW ipMf
iv`c ies dw vwVw sI Aqy ieh hwkmW dy sqwey isMGW dI Awrwm-gwh
sI[ sMn 1726 iv`c nOSihrw BVwxw dy cODrI swihb rwey ny zkrIey kol
ies dy vwVy dw Byd jw KoilHAw[ BVwxy dy do is`KW BweI mwlI isMG Aqy
gurb^S isMG ny cODrI nUM cuglI krn ’qy jdoN vrijAw qW ies ny A`goN
AwiKAw, “quhwfy kysW dy r`sy bxw ky mYN AwpxIAW GoVIAW bMnHWgw”[
ieh cODrI ie`k idn p`tI dy &Ojdwr jw&r byg nUM 50 sYinkW nwl qwrw
isMG ’qy ’cVHw ilAwieAw[vwVy dy bwhr isMGW nwl mu`T-ByV ’c jdoN
jw&r byg dw BqIjw mwirAw igAw qW ieh jwn bcw ky dOV igAw[
zkrIAw Kwn ny ies hwr dI ^br sux ky Agly idn momn KW nUM 2200
GoV svwr dy ky qwrw isMG dy vwVy ’qy cVHw id`qw[vwVy iv`c kyvl 18
isMG hI sn[dohW iDrW iv`c gihg`f mukwblw hoieAw[BweI qwrw isMG
vW ies mukwbly ’c bwkI isMGW smyq ShIdI pw gey[ienHW dI Shwdq
ny jMglW ’c luky isMGW ’c BwrI roh qy joS Br id`qw[ies auprMq isMGW
ny gurIlw FMg dy hmly qyz kr id`qy ijs nwL hkUmq nUM h`QW pYrW dI
pY geI[

hkUmq v`loN is`KW nUM nvwbI dI pySkS

isMGW ny jdoN hkUmq dy n`k ’c dm kr id`qw qW 1733 iv`c zkrIey
ny id`lI dy bwdSwh nUM p`qr iliKAw ik isMGW ’qy sKqI dy bwvjUd ieh

(34)
v`s ’c nhIN Aw rhy[jykr AwpW ienHW nwl nrmI Apxw leIey Aqy
ienHW nUM iKqwbI Aqy jwgIr Awid dw lwlc dy dyeIey qW aumId hY ieh
nukswn nhIN krngy[ id`lI q^q v`loN hW hox ’qy zkrIey ny srdwr
subyg isMG nUM Awpxw vkIl Qwp ^wlsy koL AMimRqsr ByijAw[kudrqI
ivswKI dy iqauhwr ’qy srb`q ^wlsw juiVAw hoieAw sI[29 mwrc 1733
nUM srkwr v`loN nvwbI, iqMn prginAW (idAwlpur, kMgxpur qy Jbwl)
dI jwgIr ijs dI Awmdn ie`k l`K rupey swlwnw sI Aqy kImqI iK`lq
(puSwk) ^wlsy dy crnW ’c r`KI[ ^wlsy dy j`Qydwr BweI drbwrw isMG ny
ikhw, “BweI subyg isMG jI! ^wlsw iksy dI id`qI hoeI nvwbI kbUl nhIN
krdw[ieh Ajyhy Ahudy Awpxy blbUqy ’qy hI hwsl krdw hY”[pr BweI
subyg isMG dI inmrqw, im`Ty, ipAwry SbdW Aqy bwr bwr zor pwaux ’qy
ieh vsqW lYxIAW svIkwr kr leIAW[pihlW isrk`F jQydwr drbwrw
isMG nUM nvwbI lYx leI AwiKAw pr aunHW nWh kr id`qI[iPr horW nUM vI
pySkS kIqI pr sB ny jvwb dy id`qw[srdwr subyg isMG ny donoN h`Q
joV Arz kIqI myrI g`l mMno myry idl iv`c pMQ pRqI AiqAMq SrDw hY,
ieh vsqW moVo nw, ieh jwgIr gurU ky lMgr leI pRvwn kr lvo[kihMdy
ny aus smyN BweI kpUr isMG &YzlpurIAw sMgqW nUM p`Kw J`l irhw sI,
qbyly iv`c GoiVAW dI sWB-sMBwl qy s&weI dw kMm ies pws sI[ies
nUM bulw ky jd nvwbI lYx leI AwiKAw qW aus ny ikhw, “BweI drbwrw
isMG jI, jIA qW myrw vI nhIN krdw, pr jy ^wlsw hukm krdw hY qW
hwzr hW pr pihlW pMj isMG ienHW vsqW nUM Awpxy crn lw dyx”[
Bwv shI mwinAw ’c qW pMQ ies nUM Tukrw irhw hY pr BweI subyg isMG
gurmuK ipAwry dy siqkwr vjoN kbUl kr irhw hY[BweI subyg isMG jI nUM
isMGW iPr suxwieAw:
hm ko siqgur bcn pwqSwhI[ hm ko jwpq iFg soaU AwhI[.....
pwiqSwhI Cof ikm lhYN nvwbI, prwDIn ijMh mwihM KrwbI[
(pRwcIn pMQ pRkwS)
isMG jwxdy sn ik ieh SwhI sugwqW ip`Cy Pryb, kutlnIqI Aqy
DoKw CuipAw hoieAw hY[srkwr dy mn ’c Kot hY[auh gupq iqAwrI kr
rhI hY ik hux jdoN isMG v`fI igxqI iv`c ie`kTy hoey qW aunHW nUM mwr mukw
idAWgy[isMGW ny aus smyN SWqI vwly hwlwqW dw Pwiedw auTw ky pMQ dI
SkqI nUM do ih`isAW ’c j`QybMd kr ilAw[myl-imlwp kr ky kwPI igxqI
(35)
iv`c is`KW nUM AMimRq Ckw ky &Oj iv`c BrqI kr ilAw[v`fI aumr dy
bMidAW nUM ‘bu`Fw dl’ Aqy nOjuAwnW nUM ‘qrnw dl’ dw nW id`qw[ ienHW dohW
dlW dw muKIAw nvwb kpUr isMG sI[ bu`Fw dl nUM gurduAwirAW dI syvw
sMBwl Aqy qrnw dl nUM vYrI dy dMd K`ty krn leI AiDkwr id`qy gey[

mhwn ShwdqW
hkUmq bu`Fw dl Aqy qrnw dl dI AweI hoNd nUM shwr nw
skI[ies ny AMdrKwqy isMGW nUM nSt krn dIAW goNdW guMdxIAW AwrMB
kr id`qIAW[BweI mnI isMG jI ny hkUmq nUM (pMj hzwr rupey keI
ieiqhwskwrW ny ies nUM 10 hzwr iliKAw hY) dyxy mn ky 1734 nUM
AMimRqsr ivKy dIvwlI purb mnwaux leI AwigAw lY leI[pr zkrIey
ny id`lI drbwr nwL iml ky ieh fUMGI swzS rcI ik jdoN isMG iek`Ty
hoxgy qW Gyrw pw ky iehnW nUM ^qm kIqw jwvy[BweI mnI isMG nUM swjS
dw jdoN pqw l`igAw qW aunHW sunyhy Byj id`qy ik koeI vI isMG dIvwlI
smyN AMimRqsr nw phuMcy[ ieM\ sMgq nw Awaux ’qy hirmMdr swihb ivKy
drSnI-Bytw G`t hI cVHI[

ShIdI BweI mnI isMG jI

ipAwrw isMG pdm Anuswr 1708 qoN 1748 eIsvI q`k dw smW
isMGW leI ‘prIiKAw Xu`g’ sI[srkwr ny sRI hirmMdr swihb dy mu`K
vzIr, gurbwxI dy igAwqw Aqy isrmOr ivdvwn BweI mnI isMG jo
qkrIbn 90 swl dy sn ies doS AMdr ik srkwrI jzIAw nhIN Adw
kIqw bMdI bxw ilAw[hwlW ik BweI swihb ny ieh Dn ivswKI q`k dyx
dw Brosw vI dy id`qw sI[pr kwjIAW mulwixAW ny zkrIey dy kMn Bry ik
mnI isMG jorW ’qy is`KI dw pRcwr kr irhw hY[jykr qusIN Awpxy bu`kl
iv`c pl rhy s`p dI isrI smyN isr nw BMnI qW fMg quhwfy hI v`jxgy qy
vzIrI vI K`us jwvygI[Kwn ny sIKW AMdr bMd kr ky BweI swihb Aqy
aus dy swQIAW nUM ieslwm kbUlx leI AwiKAw[A`goN gurU dy isMGW ny
jvwb id`qw:
Drm nw qjy hYN kbI qurk nw bnygy[
hm sIs inj dy hYN jo v`ifAW ny kIXw hY[

(36)
 ieh Sbd sux ky jkrIAw KW ny kwzI Abdul rzwk nUM bulwieAw
Aqy isMGW nUM mOq dI szw suxwaux leI AwiKAw[auh lwl ikqwb cu`k
ilAwieAw Aqy KolH ky &qvw ieh suxwieAw ik mnI isMG dw bMd bMd
k`itAw jwvy, BweI gulzwr isMG dI pu`TI K`l auqwr ky qy dUijAW nUM &WsI
dy PMdy ’qy cwVH ky mwirAw jwvy[ieM\ hwV pMcmI sMmq 1791 (14 jUn
1734) nUM nKws mMfI cOk jo lwhOr dy msqI (msjdI) drvwjy kol hY Aqy
ijs nMU A`j klH ‘AlI pwrk’ kihMdy hn lwgy BweI swihb smyq swry
isMGW nUM ShId kr id`qw[ ies swky nUM dws ny ‘ShId BweI mnI isMG
Aqy bMs ShIdW’ dI pusqk iv`c ivsQwr nwl AMikq kIqw hY[ B`t vhI
mulqwn isMDI ies Shwdq dI puStI krdI hY; ‘BweI mnI isMG dw SwhI
hukm gYl AswF sudI pMcmI sMbq 1791 ko lwhOr ky mlhwx Cy GVI idn
cVHy bMd bMd kwtw[ mOlvI nUr muhMmd icSqI ny ‘qihkIkq icSqI’ iv`c
s&w 695 au~qy drz kIqw hY, ‘jb aunoN ny ieslwm kbUl nw kIAw qo
BweI guljwr isMG kw bMd bMd AOr posq auKwVw igAw’[
is`KI dy ienHW prm hMsW, gurbwxI dy rsIAW, nwm jsIAW Aqy hrI
dy pRym bsIAW dy mnW AMdr gurU pRqI Aqy Drm ^wqr AsIm, AQwh
Aqy Aim`t SrDw sI[AYsIAW vYrwg meI GtnwvW nwl s`cy-su`cy ienswn
AMdr kurbwnI dw Anurwg pYdw ho jWdw hY Aqy kurbwnI ’coN AwzwdI
dw icrwg jg pYNdw hY[ BweI mnI isMG jI dI Aqy hor isMGW dI ies
lwswnI ShIdI nwl isMGW dy ihrdy vlUMDry gey Aqy mnW iv`c A`q dw roh
Br igAw[BweI mnI isMG dy BqIjy A`GV isMG ny kuJ smyN ip`CoN &qvw
suxwaux vwly kwzI Abdul rzwk qy AMimRqsr dy hwkm nvwb kpUr isMG
ny sm`d Kwn ijs ny isMGW nUM jylH ’c BwrI qsIhy id`qy sn, nUM pkV
ilAw Aqy GoiVAW ip`Cy bMnH GVIs ky mwirAw[ zkrIAw Kwn qW isMGW
qoN frdw iklHy coN bwhr nhIN sI inkldw[
zkrIAw KW ny 1735 ’c jwgIr jbq kr leI[ jnvrI, 1739
nUM nwdr Swh ny ihMdusqwn ’qy hmlw kIqw[ ies hmly ’c ies ny id`lI
lu`tI, 30 hzwr bMdy kql kIqy[ sr jwdU nwQ srkwr ilKdy hn ik 5
meI 1739 nUM ieh 50 kRoV nkd, 50 kRoV dy smwn smyq, q^qy qwaUs,
50 hzwr ihMdU lVkIAW qy lVky pkV ky kMFI dy ielwky rwhIN isAwlkot
vl jw irhw sI qW nvwb kpUr isMG, srdwr bGyl isMG Aqy j`sw isMG
AwhlUvwlIey ny ies nUM cMgy h`Q idKw ky KUB lu`itAw Aqy bMdI lVkIAW
(37)
qy lVikAW nUM CufwieAw[ lwhOr phuMc ky ies ny zkrIey qoN pu`iCAw ik
ieh bMdy kOx hn? ijnHW myrw kw&lw ku`itAw qy lu`itAw[ au~qr iv`c Kwn
ny ikhw, “Swh jI! ieh ihMdUAW qy muslmwnW qoN v`Kry hn Aqy Awpxy
Awp nUM gurU dy ^wlsy khwauNdy hn[ AsIN ienHW nUM mwr mwr Q`k gey hW
pr ieh kwbU nhIN Aw rhy[ Gr ienHW dy GoiVAW dIAW kwTIAW hn[”
kuJ hor g`lW jo Kwn ny nwdrSwh nUM isMGW bwbq khIAW igAwnI igAwn
isMG ny ieM\ ibAwn kIqIAW hn:
murSd ien kw vlI BXo hY[ ien ko Awby ihXwq dXo hY[
kwx nw khUM kI iehu rwKq[ SihnSwih Kud hI ko lwKq[
ie`k Akwl kI krq bMdgI[ SsqR ibdXw bhu pisMdgI[
dOlq dunIAW ieh nw cY hYN[ mjb Drm pr jwnW dy hYN[
dyq Awvwjw BuKw koeI[ AwE dyg iqAwr gur hoeI[
aus smyN vYrI ikauN nw AwvY[ prm mIq sB qWih CkwvY[
bcy qo pICy Kud Kw ly hYN[ nhIN qo lMgr msq bqY hYN[
ieh sux nwdr Swh boilAw:
mwrq ho qum Awp hI, Apxy pYr kuTwr[
kuC idn ko isMG hoie hYN, BUpq mulk mJwr[ (pMQ pRkwS)

ShIdI BweI qwrU isMG jI

BweI qwrU isMG jI invwsI ipMf pUhlw, prgxw AMimRqsr pUrn
ibbykI guris`K sI[ CotI aumr ’c ipqw dy cVHweI krn kr ky mW ny bVy
lwfW, cwvW qy mlwrW nwL pwiLAw, gurmiq dI guVHqI id`qI Aqy syvw
ismrn dw v`l isKwieAw[ j`dI puSqI prvwr KyqI krdw sI[ Gr dy
dwxy hox kr ky Awey-gey gurU ky isMGW leI lMgr dI syvw krn dw mn
iv`c cwA sI[ hTI, jqI, qpI, rihqvwn pUrw Aqy gurU dw nUrw hox
kr ky ies sUry dI ielwky iv`c bhuq pRsMsw ho rhI sI[ pr dUjy pwsy
muKbr, srkwrI cmcy Aqy AikRqGx ieh soBw jr nhIN sI rhy[ ielwky
dy mMny-pRmMny is`KW dy duSmx cODrI hrBgq inrMjnIAW ny zkrIAw Kwn
koL jw ky kMn Bry ik qwrU isMG pUhly ipMf vwlw isMGW nUM pwl hI nhIN
irhw sgoN quhwfy ivru`D zhwd leI auksw irhw hY[ ieh SwhI mihlW iv`c
rihx vwLy Aqy v`fy Ahudy dy nSy iv`c msq lok Awm kr ky kMnW dy k`cy

(38)
huMdy hn, ijs kwrn s`cy-su`cy ienswnW aup`r koeI nw koeI doS mVH ky
auhnW nUM mwr-mkwaux dI koiSS iv`c rihMdy hn[
^wn dy hukm nwL hrBgq inrMjnIAW ispwhIAW nUM nwL lY ky
BweI qwrU isMG nUM igRPqwr krn leI phuMc igAw[ ies bydoSy, inmwxy
Aqy hL vwhk is`K nUM pkV ky lwhOr jylH ’c bMd kr id`qw[ auprMq
jdoN iDM|ozorI nwl is`KI iqAwg ky muslmwn bxn leI zor pwieAw Aqy
BweI swihb v`loN nWh-nu`kr kIqI geI qW Asih qy Akih kSt id`qy
gey[ AMq zkrIey swmHxy vI muslmwn hox qoN ivroD kIqw qW Kwn ny gu`sy
’c AwiKAw, “pihlW mYN qyry kys ktwvWgw ijnHW kr ky qUM Awpxy Awp
nUM is`K AKvw irhw hNY”[ BweI swihb ny ikhw, “Kwn jI, mYN qyrw kuJ
nhIN ivgwiVAw qUM myrI is`KI ikauN BMg krnw cwhuMdw hYN”? Kwn ny lwlc
dyx dI g`l vI kIqI Aqy boilAw :
AO mugl pTwxn bytI lyhu[bIc hvyln bws kryhu[
BweI qwrU isMG ny au~qr id`qw, “Kwn jI! mYN lwlc bdly is`KI
nhIN iqAwg skdw”[ qd Kwn ny hukm kIqw, “ies dy kys k`t idau
iPr mYN dyKUM ies dI is`KI ik`Qy hY”? jlwd nweI kys k`tx leI phuMc
igAw pr BweI swihb ny jd kys k`tx dw ivroD kIqw qW Kwn ny gu`sy
’c Aw ky KoprI auqwrn leI AwiKAw Aqy hukm Anuswr kysW sxy KoprI
auqwrI geI[
muslmwn ilKwrI KwPI KW ilKdw hY, “BweI qwrU isMG dI K`l
(KoprI) lwh ky aus nUM KweI iv`c su`t id`qw qW ik ig`dV ku`qy Kw jwx
pr is`K aus hwlq iv`c vI klwmW pVHdw irhw”[ Alwh dI krnI AYsI
hoeI zkrIAw KW dw ipSwb bMd ho igAw[ aus nUM mihsUs hoieAw ik
mYN is`KW nUM byAMq qsIhy id`qy hn, ieh sB aus dw &l hY[ qd ies ny
BweI subyg isMG koqvwl nUM ^wlsy dI ByNt leI pMj hzwr rupey dy ky
kwhnUvwl CMb vl ByijAw[ jdoN subyg isMG ny is`KW pws phuMc ky d`isAw
ik zkrIAw KW dw ipSwb bMd ho igAw hY Aqy bVw AOKw hY[ aus ny
mYnUM Dn dy ky ByijAw hY ik koeI aupwA kro myrw du`K dUr ho jwvy[ is`KW
AwiKAw, “BweI qwrU isMG dI crn dwsI (ju`qI) qurk dy isr nUM lweI
jwvy qW ho skdw hY aus dw ipSwb KulH jwvy[ kihMdy ny BweI swihb dI
ju`qI Kwn dy isr ’qy lwaux nwL ipSwb Aw jWdw sI pr kuJ smyN bwAd

(39)
iPr bMd ho jWdw sI[ ieauN isMGW dw doSI jkrIAw KW 1 julweI 1745
nUM du`K Bogdw mr igAw[ ausy idn BweI qwrU isMG dI Awqmw ny Awpxw
zKmI colw iqAwg ky aufwrI lweI[ (ipAwrw isMG pdm, sMKyp is`K
ieiqhws, pMnw 77)[
Awpxy isr dw Kopr auqrvwauxw koeI mwmUlI g`l nhIN hY[ ieh
sB siqgurU dI imhr Aqy ikRpw-idRStI dw hI kwrnwmw sI[ ieM\ ieh
mhwn kurbwnI is`KI nUM kysW-svwsW nwl inBwaux leI pRyrnw sRoq hY
ikauNik kys ie`k r`bI qohPw hn[ BweI nMd lwl jI kysW dI mhwnqw
bwry ilKdy hn:
is`KI eIN pMj hrP kwP[ hrigz n bwSd pMj muAw&[
kys kMGw kCw krd ibdW[ ibnw kys zumlw eI isKI inSW[
Bwv kysW qoN vgYr hor inSwn Dwrn kr lYxy sB &jUl hn[

ShIdI BweI boqw isMG Aqy grjw isMG jI

BweI boqw isMG ipMf BVwxw, ijlHw lwhOr Aqy aus dw hmjolI BweI
grjw isMG AMimRqsr dy piv`qr srovr iv`c ieSnwn krn aus smyN gey
jdoN zkrIAw Kwn ny au~Qy ieSnwn krn ’qy pUrI pwbMdI lgweI hoeI sI[
hor vI isMG inDVk ho rwq-brwqy srovr ’c ieSnwn kr AwauNdy sn[
Kwn nUM jdoN AjyhI ^br imLI qW aus ny pihrw dy rhy ispwhIAW nUM fWt
pweI ik Ajy vI is`K ieSnwn kr jWdy hn, qW aunHW ikhw, “is`K nhIN,
keI hor ieSnwn krn AwauNdy hn”[ aus smyN qoN is`KW ny jwx-bu`J ky
isroN dsqwr auqwr ieSnwn krnw SurU kr id`qw, qWik pqw l`g jwvy ik
ieh kyswDwrI isMG hY[ BweI su`Kw isMG mwVI kMboky, ijs ny m`sw rMgVH
dw kql kIqw sI ny idn vyly Ajyhw kIqw:
su`Kw isMG qb XoN khXo, rwq nHwaUN qb cor[
nwvYNgy mYN idn ibKy, sRI siqgur ky jor[ (pRwcIn pMQ pRkwS)
aus smyN qoN A`j q`k pgVI lwh ky ieSnwn krn dw irvwj hY
(ipAwrw isMG pdm, sMKyp isMG ieiqhws pMnw 78)[ pr ieiqhwsk
q`QW dI jwxkwrI nw hox kwrn Aqy smyN dy bdlw nwl ieh rIq hux
Gt rhI hY[

(40)
 iesy qrHW BweI boqw isMG qy grjw isMG sRI hirmMdr swihb ivKy
ieSnwn kr ky jdoN qrn qwrn nzdIk jw rhy sn qW ienHW nUM q`k do
muslmwn luk ky g`lW kr rhy sn, ‘kihMdy ny is`K mukw id`qy hn pr
AOh dyK do is`K bypRvwhy ho CwqIAW qwx ky qury jWdy hn’[ienHW isMGW
dy kMnI jdoN ieh l&j pey qW srkwr nUM cxOqI dyx leI qrnqwrn qoN
Jbwl v`l jWdy rsqy ’qy nUr dI srwey koL ienHW Awpxw cUMgI nwkw lw
ilAw[ieh aus smyN sRI goieMdvwl swihb dw pqn lMG ky lwhOr jwx
leI Awm rsqw sI[Asl iv`c ieh srkwr nUM vMgwr dyx leI idRV
ierwdy nwL Aqy mOq rwxI nUM prnwaux leI GroN cly sn[ies sMbMD iv`c
ienHW Kwn v`l ie`k ic`TI vI ilK ByjI sI[ies qrHW ienHW lwhOr jwx
vwly SwhI rsqy ’qy nwkw lgw ky Koqy dw Bwr lY jwx vwly nUM ie`k pYsw
Aqy g`fy dy Bwr leI ie`k Awnw (Awny ’c cwr pYsy huMdy sn) augrwhuxw
SurU kr id`qw[ jo ic`TI ilKI aus dy Sbd igAwnI igAwn isMG ny ieMj
ibAwn kIqy hn:
icTI sunho KwnU koqw, Awnw g`fw pYsw Koqw[
eyhu jgwq lyq isMG boqw[ hQ mYN rwKq sotw motw[
qyrw Awkbq kh hYN Kotw[
myrw khI sunyhw jwie[ BwbI KWno nUM smJwie[
qyrw Xwr isMG jo boqw[ qYnUM rihAw aufIk KVoqw[
Awey srwie nUr dI pws, qUM joqw lgvw lY Kws[(pMQ pRkwS) pMnw 705
hwkm nUM isMGW v`loN cUMgI augrwhux dI ^br sux qy ic`TI pVH h`QW
pYrW dI pY geI[ aus dw hukm mMn lwhOr qoN jlwludIn dI kmwn hyT
sO dy krIb ispwhI cVH AwieAw[ienHW nUM dyK isMGW dy ichirAW ’qy
lwlIAW cVH geIAW, fOly Prkx l`gy Aqy A`KW coN mwno KUn dy AMigAwr
vih qury[mYdwn ’coN B`jy nhIN sgoN duSmx dy mukwbly leI CwqIAW qwx ky
ft gey[hwlwq ieh sn ik ie`k pwsy gurU dy do ^wlsy Aqy ivroD iv`c
sYNkVy SsqrDwrI ispwhI[dohW isMGW ny ip`TW joV ky kwPI smW mukwblw
kIqw, duSmx dy AwhU lwhy Aqy AMq nUM Akwl Akwl dy jYkwry gjwauNdy
kwl b`s ho gey[ienHW isMGW ny drsw id`qw ik is`K Kqm nhIN hoey,
ijMdw hn, ie`k idn mugl q^q vI hiQAwauxgy qy sRI hirmMdr swihb
dy srovr iv`c suqMqrqw swihq ieSnwn kirAw krngy[ ijhVI hkUmq

(41)
is`KW nUM hirmMdr swihb dy drSn ieSnwn qoN rokygI aus dy dMd K`ty
gurU dw Kwlsw krdw rhygw[ienHW isdkI, isrl`Q Aqy sbl XoiDAW dI
kIqI kurbwnI dy sohly A`j vI gwey jWdy hn Aqy ienHW dIAW gwQwvW
Awaux vwlIAW pIVHIAW leI drSn mwrg dI inAWeI hn[ienHW dI Xwd
AMdr kOm v`loN sRI qrn qwrn swihb qoN Jbwl vwlI sVk ’qy ipMf nUr
dI srW dy d`Kx pwsy gurduAwrw swihb suSoBq hY[

ShIdI BweI subyg isMG Aqy Swhbwz isMG jI

BweI subyg isMG ipMf jMbr, ijlHw lwhOr dw vwsI sI[ieh &wrsI
dy cMgy igAwqw, suGV, sujwn Aqy is`KI iv`c prp`k sn[ ienHW dw
pirvwr TykydwrI dw kMm krn kr ky lwhOr dy sUbydwr nwL cMgy sMbMD
rKdw sI[pVHy ilKy hox kr ky zkrIAw ^wn ny ienHW nUM koqvwl dI nOkrI
dy id`qI[ BwvyN ^wn is`KW dy ^wqmy leI A`fI cotI dw zor lw irhw sI pr
is`KW nwl sulHw-s&weI leI hmySw subyg isMG nUM vrqdw sI[ ieiqhwsk
q`Q hn ik subyg isMG ny koqvwl dy Ahudy ’qy huMidAW bMidAW nUM mwrn
leI vrqIAW jWdIAW sjwvW ijvyN DrqI ivc g`f ky qIr mwrny jW
ku`iqAW qoN pVvwauxw, q`qy qyl iv`c su`txw, mUMglIAW nwl ku`t ku`t ky
mwrnw, bMd bMd k`txy, sMg swr krnw, Awid ^qm krw id`qIAW[ kyvl
qop, qlvwr, crKVI qy PWsI dI sjw hI rihx id`qI[ ^qm kIqIAW
sjwvW vDyry is`KW leI hI sn Aqy bMdy nUM koh koh ky mwrn vwlIAW
sn[ zkrIAw ^wn dy mrn auprMq 3 jnvrI 1746 nUM ies dw pu`qr
XhIAW KW lwhOr dw sUbydwr nIXq kIqw igAw[ ieh Awpxy ipau nwloN
vI vDyry zwlm sI[
BweI subyg isMG dw pu`qr Swhbwz isMG bhuq hI a~udmI, AklmMd,
sohxw juAwn qy hoxhwr g`BrU sI[ ijhVw kwzI Swhbwz isMG nUM &wrsI
pVHwauNdw sI aus ny ies dI ilAwkq, isAwxp, husnl jmwl Aqy qyj
idmwg dyK AwpxI DI dw irSqw ies nwl krnw cwihAw pr Srq ieh
r`KI ik pihlW muslmwn bx jwvy[ Swhbwz isMG dw korw juAwb imlx
’qy kwzI ny XhIAw KW kol JUTI iSkwieq ieh kIqI ik Swhbwz isMG
is`K hox dy nwqy hzrq swihb dy ivru`D aUl-jlUl boldw hY Aqy dIn
ieslwm dI qOhIn kr irhw hY[ nwL hI ieh iSkwieq vI kr id`qI ik
ies dw ipqw AMdrKwqy is`KW dw m`ddgwr hY[ienHW doSW ADIn ipau-pu`q

(42)
nMU igR&qwr kIqw igAw Aqy muslmwn hox ’qy zor pwieAw[ is`KI rMg ’c
rMgy hoieAW ienHW muslmwn bxn qoN nWh kr id`qI[ inktvrqI is`KW ny
BweI subyg isMG nUM AwiKAw, “BweI swihb jI! Swhbwz isMG nUM ikqy dUr
Byjx dw Xqn kro[ pu`qr ku`l dw inSwn huMdy hn aus nUM kwiem r`Ko[”
A`goN BweI swihb ny juAwb id`qw:
isKn kwj su guruU svwry, sIs dIE inj sx pRvwry[
hm kwrn gur kuilh gvweI, hm kul rwKYN kOx bfweI[
AwKIr kTor, inrdeI Aqy zwlm XhIAw KW ny hukm kr id`qw
ik jykr ieh muslmwn bxnw svIkwr nhIN krdy qW ienHW nUM crKVI
cwVH idE[ is`KI pRqI dirMdgI dI h`d ho geI[is`K Drm srbq dw Blw
cwhuMdw hY, swrI mnu`Kqw nUM ie`k smwn mMndw hY Aqy ies AMdr jbrI
Drm qbdIlI dI koeI QW nhIN pr muslmwnW Bwv ieslwm AMdr jbrI
Drm qbdIlI tIsIAW t`p geI sI[ Bgq kbIr jI ’qy vI muslmwn
bx jwx dw zor pwieAw igAw[ aunHW AwiKAw, “jy r`b mYnUM muslmwn
bxwauxw cwhuMdw qW suMnq kr ky hI sMswr ’qy Byjdw[ aunHW zor nwl
AwiKAw bMdy dI suMnq kr ky qusIN aus nUM muslmwn bxwauNdy hoN[ ieh
d`so AOrq dI suMnq ikvyN krogy?”
kihMdy ny jdoN ipau-pu`qr nUM crKVI kol ilAWdw igAw qW BweI
subyg isMG ny Ardws kIqI ijs ’c Kws Sbd sn:
DMnX GVI so DMnX crKVI DMnX inXwauN qumwrw[
Drm hyq jo cVHy crKVI, DMnX vjUd hmwrw[
dono isMG (ipau-pu`qr) jpu bwxI dw pwT kr ky, Akwl Akwl
jpdy lwimswl ShIdI dw jwm pI ky Amr pd pRwpq kr gey[ ienHW
dI Shwdq bwbw bMdw isMG bhwdr Aqy aus dy spUq AjY isMG nwL myl
KWdI hY[ ienHW dI ShIdI dyKx Awey ie`k B`t kvI dy dMd juV gey Aqy
auh mu`K qoN ieh kihMdw cilAw igAw:
hyTW DrqI au~qy AMbr[iv`c iPrn subyg qy Swhbwz isMG jMbr[
ieh Adu`qI swkw PrvrI 1746 nUM vwpirAw[ XhIAw Kwn dy ies
duStpuxy dw pqw jdoN isMGW nUM l`igAw qW ienHW gdwr cODrIAW dy Gr
lu`ty Aqy ie`k dl ny Swm vyly lwhOr dy mocI drvwzy dy Aws pws mwr-

(43)
DwV qy lu`t-Ksu`t kIqI[ ieh dyK XhIAw KW sV bL igAw Aqy isMGW
dy nkyl pwaux leI dIvwn jspq rwey nUM iqAwr kIqw[ jspq ny isMGW
dy iSkwr leI QW QW ’qy &OjI dsqy Byj id`qy[ isMG bcwA leI phwVI
jMglW ’c jw luky[

Cotw G`lUGwrw
p`Qr idl, hMkwrI Aqy BYVI m`q dw mwlk jspq rwey eymnwbwd
dw vzIr sI[ eymnwbwd Sihr lwhOr qoN 55 iklomItr Aqy gujrWvwlw
qoN 15 iklomItr dUrI ’qy hY[ pihlI audwsI smyN sRI gurU nwnk dyv jI
sB qoN pihlW ie`Qy BweI lwlo dy Gr jw ky Tihry sI[ 1521 ’c bwbr
dy hmly dOrwn vI gurU jI eymnwbwd ivKy hI sn[ gurU swihb ny ie`Qy
roVW dI ivCweI ’qy Awsx lwieAw sI[ ies jgHw ’qy is`K sMgqW ny roVI
swihb gurduAwrw auswr id`qw sI[ jspq rwey qy aus dy ispwh-slwr
hr smyN isMGW dI BwL iv`c rihMdy sn[ jspq dy bol sn:
sIs munwey qumy jwt bxwvoN[ qumry bwln kI mwlw bxwvoN[
PrvrI 1746 dI g`l hY ik ie`k idn gurU dy isMGW soicAw ik
gurduAwrw roVI swihb dy drSn kr c`lIey[ gurU Gr dy drSn kr ky
isMG ‘bdo kI guswieAW’ iJVI iv`c lMgr Ckx leI Tihr gey[ ieh
bYTy lMgr pwxI C`k hI rhy sn ik Acncyq jspq rwey mulKeIey smyq
ienHW ’qy Aw ipAw[ isMGW vI mukwbly leI qlvwrW DUuh leIAW Aqy
duSmx ’qy qIrW Aqy nyijAW nwl jUJxw kIqw[ lhU folHvIN jMg hoeI[
jspq rwey isMGW ’qy qIrW dI buCwV kr irhw sI ijs kwrn kwPI
isMG P`tV ho rhy sn Aqy jwn vI guAw rhy sn[ ieh dyK BweI inbwhuU
isMG rMGrytw ny bVI kmwl dI PurqI vrqI[ ies ny hwQI dI pUC PVH
ky ijs aup`r jspq svwr sI AYsI plwkI mwrI qy jspq rwey dw isr
qlvwr nwL DV qoN v`K kr id`qw[ dIvwn dy ^wqmy nwL duSmx dy dlW
’c BwjV pY geI[ BweI inbwhUu isMG ny ie`Qy AwnMdpur swihb dI jMg
dw swkw duhrw id`qw ijs iv`c BweI audY isMG (bytw BweI mnI isMG jI)
ny hwQI ’qy bYT ky lV rhy kysrI cMd dw isr v`F ilAWdw sI[ jspq
rwey dy ^wqmy auprMq isMGW ny eymnwbwd dy SwhI BMfwry nUM lu`itAw Aqy
lMgr iqAwr kr ky CikAw[ rqn isMG BMgU ilKdy hn:

(44)
 vih lUtn ciVHE Kwlsy so lIE Kwlsy lUt[
inbwhU isMG gj pY ciVHXo mwr qyr idE sUt[
^wlsy ny jspq dw sIs qy DV kwbU kr ilAw sI[ auprMq bwvw
ikrpw rwm dI bynqI ’qy 500 dmVy lY lwS vwps kIqI[gurU isMGW dI
shwieqw krdw hY Aqy duSmx dw AMq krw idMdw hY[ gurbwxI dy bol hn:
dUq duSmx sB quJ qy invrih pRgt pRqwp qumwrw]
jo jo qyry Bgq duKwey Eh qqkwl qum mwrw] (öøñ)
ijauN hI lwhOr AMdr jspq rwey dy mwry jwx dI ^br phuMcI,
lKpq rwey jo lwhOr dw dIvwn sI, Awpxy Brw dy mrn dI ^br sux
bVw kRoD iv`c AieAw[ aus ny XhIAw KW dy pYrW ’qy AwpxI p`g isr
qoN lwh ky su`tI Aqy boilAw, “ijqnw icr mYN is`KW dw Kurw-Koj nw imtw
idAW, auqnw icr p`g nhIN bMnHWgw!” ieh Sbd isMGW pRqI ie`k K`qRI dy
sn ijnW dw Drm sRI gurU qyg bhwdr jI ny bcwieAw, sRI gurU goibMd
isMG jI ny ijnHW ^wqr srbMs vwr id`qw Aqy ijnHW dIAW bhU-bytIAW
jrvwixAW v`loN gulwm bxweIAW isMG jwn hUl ky CfwauNdy Aqy aunHW dy
GroN GrI phuMcwauNdy sn[
XhIAW KW ny lKpq nUM Drvwsw qy h`lw-SyrI id`qI qy AwiKAw,
“&OjI Krc myrw qy vwh qyrI[” ieh Sbd sux ky lKpq rwey AYsw
m`CirAw ik isMGW dw bIj nwS krn leI l`k bMnH quirAw[ iebrqnwmw
dw krqw AlI-aud-dIn ibAwn krdw hY, ‘lKpq rwey ny hukm kr
id`qw ik jo gurU goibMd isMG dw nwm leygw, aus dw iF`f pwV id`qw
jwvygw[’ ielwky iv`coN is`KW dIAW DrmSwlW FuAw id`qIAW geIAW, is`KW
dIAW Drm-poQIAW PUk id`qIAW geIAW[ dyS iv`c fONfI iptvweI geI
ik koeI gurbwxI dw pwT nw kry qy nw guru dw nwm lvy[ ‘guV’ nUM vI
‘roVI’ XW ‘BylI’ AwiKAw jwvy ikauNik guV ‘gurU’ dy Sbd nwL imldw
juldw hY’[ gu`sy dy Bry dIvwn lKpq ny lwhOr Sihr ’c rih rhy is`KW nUM
cUihVAW dy hvwly kr id`qw qy aunHW nUM ikhw igAw, “iehnW dIAW kysW
vwlIAW KoprIAW lwh ky DrqI ’c d`b idau[”
ieM\ lwhOr iv`c hw hw kwr m`c geI[ dIvwn kOVw m`l, dIvwn
l`CI rwm, dIvwn idlw rwm, dIvwn sUrq isMG, BweI dys rwj qy Sihr
dy hor pqvMqy lKpq rwey (l`KU) nUM imLy Aqy lKpq dy gurU jgq Bgq

(45)
qoN vI is`KW nwL AinAwey nw krn qoN bynqI krvweI[ fwktr hrI rwm
gupqw ‘ihstrI Aw& dI isKs’ dy pMnw 27 ’qy AMikq krdy hn ik aus ny
iksy dI nw mMnI qy 10 mwrc 1746 nUM PVy is`K sB kql kr id`qy gey[
ies auprMq l`KU jMgl dI J`l iv`c rihx vwLy isMGW vl viDAw[
ieiqhwskwrW Anuswr byvqn kIqy 15 hzwr isMG kwhnUMvwl dy CMb
ielwky ’c fyry lweI bYTy sn[ lKpq ny jMgl nUM A`g luAw id`qI[ isMG
lVdy iBVdy bsOlI vl jd inkly qW l`KU dI &Oj ijs iv`c mulqwn,
bhwvlpur, ksUr Aqy Atk dy &OjI dsqy Swml sn ienHW hrn hoey
isMGW ’qy goLIAW dwgIAW[ bhuq swry pkV ky A`g ’c swVy, keIAW nUM
jMbUrW nwL noc ky pwr bulwieAw Aqy keIAW nUM sUlI ’qy tMigAw[ ieh
J`l dI jMg ApRYl qoN jUn 1746 q`k c`lI[ ies jMg ’c B`j-dOV Aqy Bu`K
ny isMGW nUM bhuq sqwieAw[ aunHW dy mUMh ’coN inkldy SbdW nUM BMgU jI ny
ies qrHW pMQ pRkwS (pRwcIn) iv`c iliKAw hY:
A`DI mOq muswPrI, A`DI mOq su B`uK[
aUhw Awie doaU imlI, Xh BXo ^wlsy du`K[
bcx dw hor koeI cwrw nw dyKdy hoey kwPI isMG l`KU dy mulwixAW
nwL jUJdy Aqy aunHW dy AwhU lwhuMdy rwvI dirAw vl vDy[ A`goN rwvI
dirAw bVw ciVHAw hoieAw sI[ ie`Qy isMGW dI prK auNj hI hoeI ijs
qrHW sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI dy dlW dI AwnMdpur swihb qoN inklx smyN
srsw ndI ’qy hoeI sI[ srdwr guridAwl isMG f`lyvwlIAw Aqy aus dw
Brw pwxI dw vhw Aqy fUMGweI dyKx ndI ’c vVy qW dovyN hI ruVH gey[
ieh dyK kuJ isMG phwVIAW vl inkl gey Aqy kuJ Pyr J`l ’c jw vVy[
BweI j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw Aqy BweI su`Kw isMG mwVI kMboky vwilAW
dy j`iQAW ny lKpq dy dlW nwl t`kr leI, BwrI sMgRwm hoieAw[ BweI
su`Kw isMG dI l`q ’c golI l`gI pr auh l`q ’qy p`g dw ih`sw bMnH ky lVdy
rhy[ BweI cVHq isMG (dwdw mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG) vI P`tV ho gey[
ies Gmswx dI lVweI AMdr jspq rwey dw pu`qr hrBj rwey, XhIAw
KW dw pu`qr nwhrU KW, &Ojdwr sY& AlI KW Awid mwry gey[ jd rwq
ho geI qW Bu`Kx-Bwxy isMGW ny vYrI dy Kwx-pIx vwlIAW rsdW ’qy jw
hmlw kIqw[ ies mwr-DwV iv`c jo h`Q AwieAw auh pyt Brn leI lY
Awey[ pr bilhwry jweIey ienHW isdkI sUrmy, isrV ’qy Drm dy p`ikAW
isMGW qoN ijnHW dy hOsly gurU ikRpw sdkw Asq-psq nhIN hoey[
(46)
 Agly idn pYdl c`lx vwilAW ny d`B dy qulHy bxw ky rwvI pwr
kIqI[ ienHW iv`coN vI AnykW duSmx dy h`Q Aw gey ijnHW nUM lwhOr iljw
ky nKws cONk kol kql kr ky toAw pu`t ky d`b id`qw[ ies jgHw dw
nW ‘ShId gMj’ pY igAw[ ieh Coty G`lUGwry dw swkw 1 meI 1746 nUM
vwpirAw[ ies iv`c 10-12 hzwr isMGW ny jwnW vwrIAW[ A`j klH
gurdwspur qooN 7 iklomItr ’qy Cotw G`lUGwrw ieiqhwsk gurduAwry ivKy
hr swl 10-11 dsMbr nUM sBw lgdI hY Aqy ShId isMGW dI kurbwnI dy
sohly gwey jWdy hn[
jdoN rwjsI inXm BirSt ho jWdy hn qd mzlUmW Aqy piv`qr
AwqmwvW dw ijauxw du`Br ho jWdw hY[ gurU dw ^wlsw AYsI dSw nUM jr
nhIN skdw[ ies sMbMDI ie`k kvI dy bol vI idl tuMbvyN hn:
jd s`t iksy mzlUm dy lgdI hY[
hMJU ^wlsy dIAW A`KW ’c Aw jWdy[
rwKy kOm dy pu`qr dSmyS jI dy[
jwnW vwr ky AxK jgw jWdy[
kvI sYnwpqI ‘sRI gurU soBw’ ’c kwiv rcnw krdy hn:
Asur sMGwrby ko durjn ky mwrby ko sMkt
invwrby ko Kwlsw bnwXo hY[
srdwr krnYl isMG pMCI dy vI ShIdW pRqI bVy inAwry bol hn:
Cupwey Cup nhIN skqy ShIdo ky iXh A&swny[
Agr sUlI nw bolI qo lhU kI Dwr bolygI[
X`ugoN q`k roSnI imlqI rhygI ien icrwgoN sy[
ik hr loA Apny prvwno kI jY jY kwr bolygI[

(47)
 AiDAwie 3
dl ^wlsw Aqy is`K imslW
ATHwrvIN sdI iv`c ‘dl ^wlsw’ is`K kOm dI bhuq hI Ajb, gjb
Aqy hirAwvl j`QybMdI hoNd iv`c AweI[ 1734 eIsvI iv`c mugl hkUmq
ny srdwr kpUr isMG nUM nvwbI dw iKqwb bKiSAw sI[ies iKqwb dw
mu`K mksd sI is`KW nUM Awpxy ADIn krnw[pr pMQ dy srdwrW ny kpUr
isMG nUM ieh AwK id`qw sI ik qUM pMQ A`gy jvwb-dyh hNY; hkUmq A`gy
nhIN[ ies iKqwb Aqy jwgIr nwL BwvyN pMQ nUM koeI &wiedw nhIN sI
hoieAw pr jWbwz, idldwr, ihMmqI Aqy dUr-idRStI dy mwlk kpUr
isMG ny ies Amn-Amwn dy smyN AMdr pMQ dI inrol SkqI nUM do BwgW
iv`c j`QybMd kr id`qw, ie`k nMU ‘bu`Fw dl’ Aqy dUjI j`QybMdI nUM ‘qrnw
dl’ dw nwm id`qw[bu`Fw dl ijs AMdr lMmyrI aumr dy isMG sn nUM
gurduAwirAW dI syvw-sMBwl dw kMm sONipAw Aqy qrnw dl ijs iv`c
40 swl qoN G`t aumr vwly isMG r`Ky nUM muglW nwl t`kr lYx Aqy aunHW
dw lu`itAw mwl Dn sRI Akwl q^q dI ByNt krn leI hukm kIqw[ dohW
j`QybMdIAW dw mu`KIAw BweI kpUr isMG hI sI[
kpUr isMG dI ies ivauNqbMdI nUM sux Aqy pMQk SkqI nUM mzbUq
krn leI nOjvwn bldW dy gloN pMjwlIAW lwh ky hlW dy muMny C`f ky Aqy
GrW dy prvwr iqAwg ky SsqrDwrI ho qrnw dl iv`c DVw-DV Swml
ho gey[ies v`fI igxqI nUM q`k kpUr isMG ny qrnw dl dy pMj j`Qy bxw
id`qy[ ie`k dw mohrI bwbw dIp isMG, dUjy dw krn isMG qy Drm isMG
AMimRqsr vwly, qIjy dw kwhn isMG qy ibnod isMG iqRhx, cOQy dw dsONDw
isMG kot bu`Fyvwl Aqy pMjvyN dw vIr isMG, jIvn isMG (mjHbI isMG)
nUM bxwieAw[pMjW nUM kRmvwr rwmsr, ibbyksr, lCmnsr, kOlsr qy
sMqoKsr fyry sMBwly[
ienHW pMj j`iQAW ny nwdr Swh dw Aslw Aqy Kzwnw lu`itAw[ nwdr
ny zkrIey nUM is`KW ’qy vDyry qkVweI krn leI ikhw Aqy ieh Sbd vI
AwKy, “ieh is`K iksy idn ies DrqI dy hwkm hoxgy”[ fwktr hrI
rwm gupqw ‘ihstrI Aw& dI isKm’, ijld pihlI (History of the
Sikhs, Part1) iv`c ilKdy hn ik ieh j`Qy kyvl Dwrimk ivSvws kr

(48)
ky hI ie`kTy nhIN sn sgoN svYr`iKAw leI muihMmW ’qy jwx, jrvwixAW
dy dMd K`ty krn Aqy prjw dI rKvwlI dy mud`eI sn[ies j`QybMdI ny
bhuq hI isrVI, swhsI, bhwdr Aqy Xog AgvweI vwLy AwgU pYdw
kIqy[ienHW ny is`KW dy sYink jIvn dI auswrI iv`c v`fw rol Adw kIqw
ijs kwrn pMQ dI cVHdI klw auqyjq hoeI[qrnw dl iv`c sUirAW dI
izAwdw igxqI hox kr ky kpUr isMG ny 14 AkqUbr 1745 nUM Akwl
q^q swihb ’qy ie`kT kr ky ies dl dy 25 j`Qy bxw id`qy[hr ie`k
j`Qy iv`c qkrIbn 100 isMG Swml sn[zkrIAw KW dI mOq auprMq (21
nvMbr 1746 qoN 21 mwrc 1747 q`k) cwr ku mhIny ies dy pu`qrW XhIAw
KW Aqy Swh invwz KW iv`c Axbx hox kr ky Gmswn m`icAw[suXog
isMG srdwrW ny ies dw &wiedw auTwieAw[Swh invwz ny XhIAw Kwn
nUM kYdI bxw ilAw Aqy 21 mwrc 1747 nUM ieh lwhOr dw sUbydwr bx
igAw[ies ny lKpq rwey nUM htw ky kOVw m`l nUM dIvwn QwipAw[ kudrq
bVI byAMq hY, jdoN ieh q`kdI hY ik grIbW ’qy hkUmq D`kw kr rhI
hY qW ieh inEitAW nUM Et, inAwsirAW nUM Awsrw, inqwixAW nUM qwx
Aqy inmwixAW nUM mwx bKS idMdI hY[ ieh q^q vwLy nUM q^qy ’qy ibTw
ky aus dy hMkwr nUM qoV idMdI hY[ dIvwn kOVw m`l mn kr ky is`KW dw
sihXogI sI[is`K ies nUM “im`Tw ml” hI kihMdy sn[
is`KW ny mOkw qwV ky ivswKI 1747 dy purb ’qy BwrI iek`T iv`c
gurmqw kIqw ik Ssqr, vsqr, mwl, Asbwb r`Kx Aqy sur`iKAw leI
koeI iklHw numI jgHw auswrI jwvy[ ieM\ 30 mwrc 1747 nUM AMimRqsr
ivKy rwmsr lwgy, rwm rOxI nW dI k`cI gVHI bx ky iqAwr ho geI[ jUn
1747 iv`c nwdr Swh mwirAw igAw qy aus ip`CoN Aihmd Swh AbdwlI
A&gwinsqwn dw hukmrwn bixAW[ ieh AbdwlI nwdr Swh nwL
pihlW ihMdusqwn AwieAw sI[ ies ny dyK ilAw sI ik ihMd dI prjw
bVI durbl, KIxI, qyjhIx qy byieKlwkI hY[ies nUM lu`txw qy ku`txw koeI
AOKw kMm nhIN hY[
Aihmd Swh AbdwlI 1747-48 iv`c pihlI vwr ihMd ’qy bVy
zor-Sor nwL cVH ky AwieAw[ lwhOr dw sUbydwr Swh invwz aus nwl
iBVn nUM iqAwr ho igAw pr AbdwlI dI jwbr &Oj dy A`gy ieh ft ky
KVH nw sikAw Aqy mwr Kw ky srihMd phuMc igAw[id`lI dI slqnq

(49)
v`loN vzIr kmru`dIn qy aus dw pu`qr mIr muienl mulk (mIr-mnMU) v`fI
sYnw lY ky AbdwlI dy twkry ’qy Aw phuMcy[ mwnUpur lwgy dohW sYnw iv`c
zbrdsq Xu`D hoieAw pr AbdwlI hwr svIkwr kr ky A&gwinsqwn
v`l c`l ipAw[ J`l iv`c bYTy isMGW ny ies nUM KUB lu`itAw[mwnUpur dI
jMg iv`c kmru`dIn mwirAw igAw[id`lI srkwr ny mIr mMnU nUM lwhOr dw
sUbydwr Qwp id`qw[
gur iblws pwqSwhI 10 AMdr gurU klgIDr dy mu`K qoN au~cry ieh
Sbd drz hn:
qb iem BnXo gRIb invwj, SsqRn ky ADIn hih rwj[
koaU iksI ko rwj ny dy hYN, jo ly hYN inj bl sy ly hYN[
id`lI dw q^q kmzor q`k Aqy dyS AMdr m`cI h&Vw-d&VI kwrn
AnykW is`K AMimRqDwrI ho lVwkU j`iQAW iv`c Swml ho gey[fwktr
hrI rwm gupqw Anuswr aus smyN ie`k qW ^wlsw dl dy 65 j`Qy bx
cu`ky sn[dUjI g`l ieh sI ik hkUmq ny sRI hirmMdr swihb dy drSn
ieSnwn ’qy pwbMdI lgweI hoeI sI[srdwr kpUr isMG ny 4-5 mwrc
1748 nUM holw-mh`lw mnwaux leI AwnMdpur swihb ivKy iek`Ty hox leI
sB nUM qwkId kIqI[ holy-mh`ly dy ies iek`T iv`c gurmqw kIqw ik
ivswKI dw smwgm ies vwr AMimRqsr mnwieAw jwvy Aqy AMimRqsr dy
drSn ieSnwn leI rukwvt pwaux vwilAW nUM soiDAw jwvy[ieh hukm
suxidAW isMGW ny mOkw pw ky drSn ieSnwn dI rukwvt pw rhy sQwpq
kIqy hwkm slwbq KW Aqy aus dy swQIAW nUM mwr mukwieAw[
29 mwrc 1748 nUM AMimRqsr ivKy TwTW mwrdw iek`T hoieAw[srdwr
kpUr isMG ny srb`q ^wlsy A`gy nvIN j`QybMdI hoNd iv`c ilAwaux dw
mqw r`iKAw[mqy Anuswr, ^wlsy dI sYink SkqI dw nW ‘dl Kwlsw’
qzvIz kIqw jo srb sMmqI nwL mnzUr ho igAw[dl ^wlsy dw muKI
srdwr j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw nUM QwipAw[j`Qydwr kpUr isMG ny bzurg
AvsQw hox kr ky ieh juMmyvwrI srdwr j`sw isMG spu`qr srdwr
inhwl isMG ipMf AwhlU (nyVy lwhOr) nUM sMBwlI[ienHW dw jnm 1718 iv`c
hoieAw sI Aqy AwhlU ipMf hox kr ky ieh j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw
dy nW nwl pRis`D ho gey[ienHW BweI kpUr isMG dI AgvweI hyT pMjW
ipAwirAW pwsoN AMimRqpwn kIqw sI[[ CotI aumr ’c ieh id`lI iv`Ky

(50)
sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI dy mihl mwqw swihb kOr Aqy mwqw suMdr kOr jI
pws vI rhy Aqy auQy rih ky gurmuKI, aurdU, &wrsI Aqy gurmiq igAwn
hwsl kIqw[gurU mihlW dI j`sw isMG ’qy AYsI ikRpw idRStI hoeI ik gurU
dy lwl nUM ^wlsw dl dw muKIAw bxn auprMq sulqwn-aul-kOm, &Kir-
ey-is`K kOm Aqy pwqSwh srdwr dy ruqibAW nwL invwijAw[ienHW
ruqibAW dI pRwpqI ies nqIjy vjoN hoeI ik j`sw isMG ny drvyS idl
nwL kOm dw drvwn bx ky ibdySI jwlmW dw hMkwr P`tI vWg poc ky r`K
id`qw sI[ies ny mhwn ivjyqw bx 1762 iv`c lwhOr AMdr ^wlsw dl
dIAW srbq &OzW dy muKI vjoN prvyS kIqw sI qy is`K pwiqSwhI dw is`kw
clwieAw sI[srdwr ny is`D kr id`qw sI ik isrV, isdk, inrMqr
Xqn, Drm qy dyS nwl ipAwr Aqy Ssqr sUrbIr XoiDAW dy sihXogI
huMdy hn[ieh zwlm qy zulm dw nwS kr ky gulwmI dIAW jMzIrW qoV
AwzwdI prdwn kr idMdy hn[kvI iekbwl dy bol hn:
XkIN muhkm, Aml pYhm, muh`bq &wiq hy Awlm,
jhwid-ijMdgwnI myN hYN iXh mrdoN kI SmSIryN[
gulwmI myN nw kwm AwqI hY SmSIryN nw qdbIryN,
jo ho zOik-XkIN pYdw, qo k`t jwqI hYN jMzIry[
29 mwrc dy srb`q ^wlsy iv`c do mqy hor pws hoey[ie`k sI-
rwmsr ibbyksr lwgy bxweI gVHI nUM rwm rOxI dw nW dyxw, dUjw-imslW
dI sQwpnw[

rwm rOxI gVHI

ieh gVHI cOQy siqgurU sRI gurU rwmdws jI dI Et q`k isMGW ny
1748 iv`c bxweI sI[kuJ isMGW ny ikhw, “gVHI dI kI zrUrq hY, rVy
mYdwn iv`c hI duSmx nwL m`Qw lwvWgy”[ pr sujwn isMGW ny ikhw,
“gurU goibMd isMG jI ny vI AwnMdpur swihb ivKy iklHy bxwey sn Aqy
ikilHAW iv`c ivcr ky zwlmW nwL Xu`D kIqy sn”[gVHI bxwaux leI
rwmsr, ibbyksr koL jgHw ies leI cuxI geI ikauNik gurU rwmdws jI
v`loN ieQy KUhI KudvweI sI[Awm invws leI qy Kws kr jMg smyN pwxI
dI v`fI loV huMdI hY[ rqn isMG jI BMgU dy ies sMbMDI pRwcIn pMQ pRkwS
iv`c Sbd hn:

(51)
 huqI KUhI qih gurU lvweI[iqh QW lInI nINh DrweI[
Awpy rwj isMG Awpy mjUr[bfy BujMgI idl ky sUr (15)
Awpy pIsYN Awp pkwvYN[qyqy bf srdwr khwvYN[
joaU krY isMG bhuqo kMm[ ‘DMn DMn khY isMG iqsY jMm’[(16)
cwr Er iqh rOxI bxweI[iem kr rOxI nwm sdweI[
igrdY ley Buie mrc putwie[ KweI leI Aiq ghr krwie[
ies gVHI dIAW kMDW im`tI dy fLy Aqy gwrw vrq ky iqAwr
kIqIAW[idn rwq imhnq muSkq nwL qkrIbn ie`k mhIny iv`c gVHI
iqAwr kr leI[ies AMdr 500 dy krIb GoV svwr smw skdy sn[
ieiqhwsk gvwhI hY ik ijauN hI mIr mnMU nUM isMGW vloN auswrI
ies gVHI dI ^br imLI aus ny AzIz Kwn dI kmwn hyT qurkW dI &Oz
Aqy keI phwVI rwijAW nUM qopKwny smyq lVweI leI cwVH id`qw[iqMn
mhIny (AkqUbr qoN dsMbr) q`k Gmswn dI jMg huMdI rhI[ij`Qy qurk
qy phwVIey isMGW nUM mwrn leI tu`t-tu`t ky pY rhy sn auQy isMG Syr
dI inAweIN bVHkW mwr AwsmwnI ibjlI dI qrHW ienHW ’qy h`lw boldy
sn[isMG AdInw byg nUM sbk isKwaux leI toL rhy sn pr ieh h`Q
nw AwieAw[aus smyN j`sw isMG rwmgVHIAw ijs nUM pMQ qoN CyikAw
hoieAw sI, AdInw byg dI m`dd ’qy sI[isMGW ny j`sw isMG iecoiglIey
(rwmgVHIey) nUM AwiKAw, “isMGw! ieh AwKrI smW hY Ajy vI swfy
nwl rL jw[^wlsw tu`tI gMF idMdw hY”[ ieM\ j`sw isMG ^wlsy nwl Aw
riLAw[aus smyN kudrq ny ie`k hor Bwxw vrqwieAw[mulqwn qoN Swh
nvwz lwhOr ’qy cVH AwieAw[mIr mnMU ny twkry leI &Oj iqAwr kr
leI Aqy twkry leI kOVw m`l nUM hukm kIqw[ies ny isMGW dI m`dd leI
Aqy jMg iv`c isMGW ny Swh invwj nUM goLI mwr ky FyrI kr id`qw[pr iqMn
mhIny dI jMg dOrwn rwm rOxI gVHI A`DI-pc`DI Fih geI sI[

is`K imslW
BwvyN smu`cI sYink j`QybMdI dw nwm ‘dl ^wlsw’ r`iKAw igAw
pr ies dI kuSlqw, aun`qI Aqy byhqrI leI nvyN Qwpy pRDwn srdwr
j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIey ny ies nUM 11 imslW (PirsqW) iv`c sMgiTq kr
id`qw[ieh sn:

(52)
nM: imsl dw nW muKI sYnwpqI
1 AwhlUvwlIAw imsl s. j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw
2 PYzlpurIAw imsl nvwb kpUr isMG
3 Sukr c`kIAw imsl s. nOD isMG
4 BMgIAW imsl s. hrI isMG BMgI
5 inSwnW vwlI imsl s. dsODw isMG
6 knHeIAw imsl s. jY isMG kwnHw
7 nk`eIAw imsl s. hIrw isMG nk`eI
8 f`lyvwlIAw imsl s. gulwb isMG f`lyvwl
9 ShIdW imsl bwbw dIp isMG
10 kRoV isMGIAw imsl s. kRoVw (kroVw) isMG PYzgVH,
ies ip`CoN bGyl isMG
11 sMGwxIAW rwmgVHIAw s. nMd isMG sMGwxIAw,
ies ip`CoN j`sw isMG rwm-gVHIAw
mwlvy iv`c 12 vIN imsl PUlikAW dI khweI
imsl dw Bwv hY sMG, sMgTn, rlwA, sMDI, myL jW gu`t[ieh
ArbI BwSw dw Sbd hY Aqy smwnqw dw pRqIk hY[myjr hYnrI kort ny
imsl nUM kbIlw, brwdrI, vrg, KMf Aqy SRyxI ibAwinAW hY[
kinMGm imsl nUM mjHbI sMgTn jwgIrdwrI (Theoratic Confederate
Feudalism) ilKdw hY[ auh kihMdw hY ik ieh j`QybMdI mjHbI ies kr
ky sI ikauN ju ‘vwihgurU’ hI aunHW dw shwiek qy r`iKAk sI[ Drm qy
inSwny dI sWJ aunHW dw pRBwvSwlI isDWq sI Aqy gurU goibMd isMG dy
SsqrW dI BgqI aunHW dw mwiek hiQAwr sI[ies qoN ielwvw auh swl
iv`c do vwr AMimRqsr dy piv`qr Sihr iv`c iek`Ty huMdy sn qy sRI gurU
gRMQ swihb dI hzUrI iv`c bYT AglI kwrvweI leI sWJI Xojnw bxwauNdy
sn[ieh imslW ie`k sMXukq ie`kT jW rwj sMG (Confedrate) dw pRqIk
ies leI sn ik auh pUrn qOr qy Awzwd nhIN sn, sgoN bkwiedw qOr qy
gurmqy dI sMsQw ADIn Awps iv`c sMgI sn[ieh kyNdrI sMsQw vYrI dy
twkry leI Aqy jrvwixAW nUM n`Q pwaux leI rwjnIqI krdI sI[ieh

(53)
imslW jwrIrdwrU ies leI sn ik ies j`QybMdI dy swry j`Qydwr sWJIAW
ij`qW ’c pRwpq mwl Awpo iv`c bro-brwbr vMf lYNdy sn[A`goN hr j`Qy
dw AwgU prwpq kIqIAW vsqW Awpxy swQIAW nUM ie`ko ijhw vMfdw sI[
prMqU ey. sI. bYnrzI (A.C. Bannerjee) is`K imslW dI j`QybMdI
nUM sMgTq jwgIrdwrI nhIN mMndw[auh ilKdw hY ik imslW nw qW is`K
Drm dy AsUlW ivru`D cldIAW sn Aqy nw hI ienHW dI rwjnIqI ’qy is`K
gRMQIAW dw pUrn pRBwv sI[jwgIrdwrI iv`c qW ie`k-purKI rwj huMdw
hY[ies leI imslW jmhUrI qOr ’qy is`KI dy Dwrimk AsUlW ’qy pihrw
idMdIAW sn[ieh XoiDAW dw rwj-sMG sn Aqy Drm dy bMDn hI ienHW
dy iek`T dw mu`K kwrn sn[
iebtsn (Ibbetson) ilKdw hY ik is`K imslW dI j`QybMdI mjHbI
hkUmq, ie`k purKw rwj qy KudmuKqwrI dw AnoKw sumyl sI[is`K srdwr
Aqy swry sYink gurU dI ^wqr Xu`D krdy sn Aqy AMimRqsr ivKy ie`kTy
ho ky gurU gRMQ swihb dI hzUrI iv`c srb`q ^wlsy dy PYsilAW ’qy Pu`l
cVHwauNdy sn[ieh imslW jmhUrI vI sn, ikauN ju imsl dw hryk
ispwhI smwijk qy rwjinqk smwnqw dw AiDkwrI sI[ prMqU imslW
dy j`QydwrW ’qy rok lwaux vwlw bkwiedw koeI swDn nhIN sI, ies leI
AmlI qOr ’qy ieh KudmuKqwrI vwly isDWq ’qy cldIAW sn[[
kinMGm dy SbdW iv`c Drm pRqI Aqu`t ivSvwS qoN ibnW ies is`K
j`QybMdI dw hor koeI inSwnw nhIN sI, auh ie`ko Akwl purK dy Brosy
Drm ’qy nykI dI r`iKAw leI lV mr rhy sn[ aunHW nUM Awpxy gurU dy
SbdW au~qy Brosw sI ik ie`k idn nykI dI zrUr ij`q hovygI qy doKI ^qm
ho jwxgy:
puMn pRqwpn bwF jYq Dun, pwpn ky bhu puMj KpYNgy]
swD smUh pRsMn iPrYN jg, SqR sBY Avlok cpYNgy] (dsm gRMQ)
srdwr suKidAwl isMG ibAwn krdy hn ik dl ^wlsy dIAW
SwKwvW (imslW) vwLy isMG izMdgI Aqy mOq dI Kyf KyfidAW dIvwlI Aqy
ivswKI dy mOikAW qy sRI Akwl q^q ’qy iek`Ty huMdy sn[gurmqw hI ^wlsy
dI sMivDwnk rvwieq sI[ies dw hr mYNbr AMimRq Ck ky h`iQAwrbMd
ho ky rihMdw sI[jMglW Aqy phwVW iv`c luk-iCp ky ijMdgI bsr krn
kr ky ie`k GMty q`k vI izMgdI dw Brosw nhIN sI[ienHW lokW dw sRI gurU

(54)
gRMQ swihb hI sB kuJ sI[vwihgurU dw Bwxw mMnxw ienHW dI KuSI sI[
sRI drbwr swihb iv`Ky gurbwxI suxnw hI ienHW dI Kurwk sI Aqy piv`qr
srovr sRI AMimRqsr iv`c ieSnwn hI ienHW dI qwkq dw somw sI[
fwktr hrI rwm gupqw Anuswr, is`K srdwr ijhVy dl ^wlsy
dIAW v`K-v`K imslW dy muKI sn, s`c-mu`c hI mhwn ispwhI Aqy dUr-
idRStI dy AwgU sn[auh KulHy ihridAW dy mwlk sn, spSt socxI
vwLy Aqy smyN dI nbz nUM pCwnx vwLy sn[ is`KW dy smu`cy ieiqhws
iv`c dl ^wlsw dI sQwpnw ie`k bhuq hI mh`qv pUrn kdm sI[ienHW
dI jbrdsq sYink SkqI ny rwjnIqk qwkq sQwpq krn leI rwh
iqAwr kr id`qw sI[
auprokq ivcwr drswauNdy hn ik ienHW kOmI prvwinAW dy mnW
AMdr sRI gurU nwnk dyv jI dy clwey inrml is`K pMQ nUM pRcMf krn leI
mr imtxw ie`k Dwrimk &rz sI[auh gurU gRMQ Aqy ^wlsw pMQ dy s`cy-
su`cy syvk sn[Awpxy AwgU dw Aiq siqkwr krdy sn[dl dw j`Qydwr
sB sYinkW nUM ie`k brwbr smJdw sI jd ik jwgIrdwrI isstm AMdr
Ajyhw koeI ivDwn nhIN huMdw[imsl dw srdwr jW imsldwr KudmuKqwr
jW qwnwSwhI dw rv`eIAw nhIN sI rKdw BwvyN AwpxI imsl dy ADIn
ielwky iv`c AwpxI mrzI Anuswr rwj-pRbMD kr skdw sI[imsl
dy hr ivAkqI nUM Awpxy ivcwr pRgt krn dI KulH sI[auh AwpxI
mrzI muqwbk ie`k imsl qoN dUjI imsl ’c Swml ho skdw sI[iksy
ispwhI jW Ahudydwr dI koeI qnKwh nhIN sI[ sB kuJ AwpxI svYie`Cw
(Voluntarily) Anuswr hI kIqw jWdw sI[sB dI qnKwh isr& zulm
Aqy bdI krn vwilAW dI lu`t-mwr dw mwl huMdw sI[auh mwl vI
j`Qydwr sRI Akwl q^q swihb ’qy bYT ky sB nUM ie`k-brwbr vMfdw sI[
sr lYpl igRPn ilKdw hY ik imslW dy ispwhI izAwdwqr GoV
svwr hI huMdy sn, ijnHW nUM ‘kwTIAWbMd’ dy nwm nwl jwixAW jWdw
sI[....jdoN iksy ij`qy hoey ielwky iv`coN nzrwnw lYxw huMdw sI qW pihlI
mMg GoiVAW dI hI kIqI jWdI sI[hr kwmXwb hmly ip`CoN pYdl ispwhI
nUM GoVw dy ky GoV-svwr bxw id`qw jWdw sI[imslW dy isMG bhuq A`Cy
GoV-svwr sn[jwrj Pwstr dy Sbd hn ik isMG Awpxy swQI isMG dy
clwxy ’qy auqnw APsos nhIN sI krdy ijqnw Awpxy GoVy dy mrn ’qy
krdy sn[
(55)
 brwaUn Anuswr hr isMG do jW iqMn GoVy r`Kdw sI[ienHW dy GoiVAW
dI r&qwr ieqnI qyz huMdI sI ik is`K sYnw ie`k idn iv`c 50 mIl qoN
120 mIl dw pYNfw qYA kr lYNdI sI[ isMG nUM BwvyN Awpxy Kwx nUM jy nhIN
vI sI imldw pr GoiVAW dy Kwx-pIx dw pRbMD hr hwlq iv`c krdw
sI ikauNik gurIlw lVweI GoiVAW qoN ibnW AsMBv sI[jwrj Pwstr dy
ilKqI Sbd hn ik isMGW dy GoVy bhuq hI is`iKAk (trained) sn[jd
auh qyz dOVdy smyN GoVy dI grdn ’qy QwpI idMdy sn qW GoVw ie`ky dm
ruk jWdw sI[

gurmiqAW dw Xu`g
is`KI AMdr 1745 qoN 1805 eIsvI dy smyN nUM gurmiqAW dw sunihrI
Xu`g kihMdy hn[gurmqy dw Bwv hY gurU dy drswey mwrg Anuswr kIqw
PYslw[jdoN vI is`KW ’qy ivSyS AOkV AwauNdI qW auh Akwl buMgy ’qy sRI
gurU gRMQ dI hzUrI iv`c imL bYT ky &Yslw krdy[ies PYsly nUM ‘gurmqw’
kihMdy sn[gurmqy nUM gurU dw hukm mMn ky sB ies ’qy qn, mn qy Dn
nwl pihrw idMdy sn[
mYlkm vI AwpxI pusqk skY~c AwP dI is`Ks (Sketch of the
Sikhs) iv`c ilKdw hY ik 1745-1805 drimAwn is`KW dy swry mh`qv
pUrn PYsly gurmqy pRxwlI nwL huMdy sn[gurmqy leI mhwn kOmI kONsl
dw smwgm huMdw sI[ijs iv`c swry is`KW dy muKIey (imsldwr) iek`Ty huMdy
sn[hr imsl dy muKI ny Awpxy Aqy AwpxI imsl dy is`KW dy invws
hirmMdr swihb dI pRkrmw lwgy bxwey hoey sn[hr gurmqw Drm qy
ADwrq sI qy Drm hI aus smyN is`KW dw jIvn ADwr sI[
jI. AY~l. copVw ny ‘dI pMjwb AYz swvrn styt’ (The Punjab
as Soverign State) ilKq dI BUimkw iv`c AMikq kIqw hY ik gurmqw
pRxwlI nUM is`KW dI kyNdrI srkwr Aqy aunHW nUM ie`k mu`T r`Kx leI v`fI
SkqI mMinAw jWdw sI[
ieh swry ieiqhwskwr mMndy hn ik imslW dy sB srdwrW Aqy
isMGW dw ivAkqIgq Aqy smUihk Awcrn bhuq au~cw sI[ BwvyN keI
msilAW ’c aunHW dy m`q Byd sn pr ^qrnwk Aqy jwn lyvw hwlqW
iv`c auh gurU dy aupdySW ’qy pihrw idMdy sn Aqy hirmMdr swihb phuMc

(56)
ky srb`q Kwlsy dy iek`T iv`c Awpxy m`q-BydW nUM Bulw ky sWJy PYsilAW
’qy bVI Awn Aqy Swn nwl Pu`l cVHwauNdy sn[
srdwr Bgq isMG AwpxI lyKxI ‘A History of Sikh Misals’
iv`c vrnx krdy hn ik gurmqy dI sMsQw dw kMm rwjsI, Dwrimk qy
AdwlqI sI[ieh sMsQw ‘dl Kwlsw’ dw AwgU cuxdI sI Aqy vYrIAW
ivru`D &OjI kwrvweI dIAW qzvIjW iqAwr krdI sI[
pRoPYsr ikrpwl isMG ny AwpxI pusqk “is`K ieiqhws dy ivSyS
p`K” iv`c ieh Sbd 124 pMnw ’qy ilKy hn, “1748 dy gurmqy ny swrI
^wlsw kOm nUM ie`k mu`T kr id`qw qy iKMfI SkqI sMXukq kr ky pMjwb
iv`c nvIN rwjsI qwkq dI nINh r`KI”[fwktr hrI rwm gupqw dy Sbd
‘ihstrI Aw& dI is`Ks (History of the Sikhs)’ dy pMnw 134 ’qy
drz hn, aus smyN jykr koeI qwkq ihMd iv`c pMjwb au~qy rwj krn
dw ieKlwkI h`k rKdI sI qW auh is`K hI sn ijnHW bwr bwr pMjwb dI
zulmW jwbrW qoN rwKI kIqI sI[

zwlmW nUM soDx leI FweI P`t dI lVweI

zwlmW ivru`D isMGW dw lVweI FMg Awm qOr ’qy gurIlw iksm dw
hI huMdw sI[ies dw kwrn sI ik zwlm v`fI igxqI iv`c huMdy sn jd
ik ^wlsw dl dI igxqI qW Awty ’c lUx dy brwbr huMdI sI[AYsI
lVweI leI isMGW iv`c ‘FweI P`t’ lVweI krn dw Sbd bVw hrmn
ipAwrw sI[FweI P`t dw Bwv sI ik do rwh pUry Aqy ie`k rwh A`Dw
Apnwauxw[do qy A`Dw nUM pMjwbI iv`c FweI ikhw jWdw hY[pihly rwh dw
mqlb sI ik duSmx ’qy Acwnk hmlw krnw, dUjy rwh dw Bwv sI
hmlw kr ky duSmx nUM soDxw Aqy aus v`loN lu`itAw hoieAw mwl Aqy
gulwm bxwey juAwn muMfy qy kuVIAW CfwauxIAW Aqy iq`qr ho jwxw[A`Dw
P`t vwlw rwh sI ik hmly smyN jykr dOiVAw nw jw sky qW lV ky ShId
ho jwxw[pr mu`K koiSS iehI huMdI sI ik Acwnk hmly dOrwn duSmx nUM
nukswn phuMcw ky ie`ky dm dOVn dI hI huMdI sI[ieh FweI P`t ^wlsy dw
sMkyqk (code word) Sbd sI ijs qoN duSmx bhuq frdw sI[

(57)
 guris`KW dI rihxI-bihxI Aqy cwl-Fwl
dl ^wlsy dw hr isMG KMfy-bwty dI phul Ck AMimRqDwrI sI[hr
ie`k dw AwdrS sI pUjw Akwl dI, prcw Sbd dw Aqy dIdwr ^wlsy
dw[Bwv auh Akwl purK dy jsIey, gurbwxI dy rsIey Aqy gurU dy ^wlsy
dy sKIey (ihqYSI) sn[aunHW Awpxw jIvn ArQwq qn, mn Aqy Dn
gurU dy Arpn kIqw hoieAw sI[aunHW dw jIvn swdw, sv`lw Aqy sMquStI
BirAw sI[auh pRBU dI pRymw BgqI, Drm dI ikrq Aqy vMf Ckx dy
AwdI sn[ isMGW dI rsnw ’qy hr smyN gurU dw jwp sI, gurU hI ienHW dI
Et sI Aqy gurU qoN ibnW ieh hor iksy dI pRvwh nhIN sI krdy[ gurbwxI
dy Sbd ’qy hI hr smyN pihrw idMdy sn, jYsy :
gurU gurU gur kr mn mor] gurU ibnw mY nwhI hor]
isMGW dI suqMqrqw dI h`d, Awphudrypx Aqy ivAkqIgq dI
pRikRAw qoN dUrI nUM Pwstr ilKdw hY “mYN ie`k is`K ispwhI nUM pu`iCAw,
qyrw mwlk srdwr kOx hY?” qW aus dw jvwb sI, “isvwie gurU dy AsIN
nhIN iksy nUM mwlk mMndy”[
^wlsy dw mu`K inSwnw sI, gulwmI nUM gloN lwh ky suqMqrqw, svYmwn
Aqy lok BlweI krnI[ aunHIN idnIN ie`k khwvq Awm pRc`lq sI, “KwDw
pIqw lwhy dw bwkI AihmdSwhy dw”[pr sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI ny ^wlsy
dw AkIdw imiQAw, “grIb dI r`iKAw Aqy jrvwxy dI B`iKAw”[ies
isDWq dI pUrqI leI isMGW ny swlW b`DI jMglW iv`c idn ktI kIqI Aqy
J`KV, JWgI, mINh, A`q dI grmI qy srdI, Bu`K, du`K Aqy mOq dI prvwh
nhIN kIqI[ienHW qyV colw, isr ’qy dsqwr jW dmwlw, qyV kCihrw Aqy
rwqW k`tx leI ie`k jW do kMbl (BUry) pws r`Ky hoey sn[ieM\ lok ienHW
nUM ‘k`C vwly bwby’ jW ‘BUirAW vwly rwjy’ AwKdy sn[jrvwxy jdoN lokW
dIAW DIAW, BYxW, iesqRIAW jW nUMhW gulwm bxw lYNdy qW auh PirAwdI
ho ky isMGW pws phuMc ieauN vYx pwauNdy:
‘moVIN bwbw[k`C vwilAw, CeI! rMn geI, bsry nUM geI[
jdoN kdy isMG dwA qkw ky rotI-pwxI ^wqr jMgl dy lwgly ipMfW
’c AwauNdy qW pMjwbxW ieh kih ky suAwgq krdIAW:
Awey nI inhMg, bUhy KolH dy insMg[

(58)
 Bwv auh byfr ho ky isMGW nUM Awpxy rKvwly smJdIAW qy pRym nwL
prSwdw CkwauNdIAW, bsqr Aqy Dn vI idMdIAW sn[
ienHW ^wlisAW dy boly vYrIAW nUM Bclwaux leI bVy gVg`j, cVHdI
klw vwly Aqy gupq rUp sn[ijvyN qurMg isMG-GoVw, hry Gwh vwlI QW-
mKmlI PrS, mukqw-ShId, pKwny (t`tI) jwxw jW mYdwn jwxw, duSwlw-
kMbl, h`Q mUMh Doxw-pMj ieSnwnw, qih qoV-prONTw, thlUAw-prnw jW
dup`tw, jMf dI &LI-jlybI, nVImwr-hu`kw pIx vwlw, buMgw-isMGW dw
fyrw, iddwr isMG-SISw, cutklw pRswd-lUx imrc, cu`p-KMf, kysr-
hldI, koqvwl-cwkU, smuMdr-du`D, ig`dV-BgvyN kpVy vwlw swD, JwVU
brdwr-sUbydwr, sbz mMdr-ru`K dI CW, sIS mihl-tu`tw C`pr, GoVw-
ju`qI dw joVw, BgOqI-qlvwr, imiTAweI-SkrkMdI, lVwkI-lwl imrc,
krwVI-mUlI, guibMdI-gwjr, kVwkw-Bu`Kw rihxw, kuqbdIn-ku`qw, AwkV
BMn-buKwr, bdwm-Bu`jy Coly, bUMdI-b`klIAW, isr iKMfI-S`kr, rwm jMgw-
bMdUk, BUieM sUr-Slgm, bsMq kOr-m`kI, iPrnI-c`kI, DnMqr-inMm,
isr guMm-rofw, hjUrIAw-prnw, saugI -hrw ColIAw, AiVMg biVMg
hoxw-sOxw, Awid[

isMGW dI bhwdrI bwry ieiqhwskwrW dy ivcwr

iemwdA-swAdq dw krqw ilKdw hY ik isMG bVy zorwvr, SyrW
vrgy juAwn qy BrvyN k`d vwly hn[hr sUrmW do do sO koh q`k pRqI idn
GoVy ’qy s&r kr lYNdw hY[vlYqI GoVy nUM qW auh l`q mwr ky hI Q`ly
su`t lYNdy hn[ jy ies qrHW nw huMdw qW ieh vlYqI &Oz au~qy ikvyN ij`q
pwauNdy? durwnI dI &Oz ny vI is`KW dI qyg dI DWk kbUl kIqI[krnl
polIAr id`lI qoN 22 meI 1776 nUM ilKy ie`k p`qr iv`c drz krdw hY
ik isMG Awm kr ky blvwn ju`sy vwly, k`dwvr Aqy kTn qoN vI kTn
kMm kr skdy hn[rx q`qy iv`c auh SyrW vWg b`ukdy Aqy morW vWg pYlW
pauNdy hn[bMdUk clwaux iv`c ienHW nwloN vD ky ies dw kwrIgr koeI
nhIN[ieh s`jy, K`by, A`gy, ip`Cy bVI PurqI nwL lgwqwr golIAW dwgx
iv`c inpuMn hn[ jykr myrI g`l dw ivSvwS nhIN qW lVweI krn vwilAW
pwsoN pu`C ky dyKo[lVweI qoN v`D ky ienHW dy gux suxo, ieh hornW jMgjU
lokW nwLoN rihm idl hn[lVweI iv`c jy koeI nmrd hiQAwr ienHW A`gy
su`t dvy jW n`s jwvy qW aus nUM kdy nhIN mwrdy[ienHW iv`c ivBcwr nhIN

(59)
Aqy iksy qRImq dw gihxw g`tw nhIN lu`tdy[Kulwswqu-qvwrIK dy ilKwrI
ny iliKAw hY, ‘Awpxy qy prwey iv`c ienHW is`KW dI nzr iv`c ie`ko ijhy
hn[dosq qy duSmx ienHW leI brwbr hn:
Kyso bygwnw dr nzry eySW XkSW[
dosqo duSmn dr nzry eysW brwbr[
ij`Qy q`k bdly dw quA`lk hY, is`KW ny kdI auh vihSIAwnw FMg
nhIN ApxwieAw, ijs iksm dw vrqwau 60 vrHy muslm hwkm aunHW nwL
krdy rhy[aunHW SwhI Purmwn jwrI kIqy, “ij`Qy gurU nwnk dy is`K imlx,
aunHW nUM au~Qy hI kql kr id`qw jwvy”[
nwnk pRsqW rw hr jw ik Qw XwbMd bkql rswnMd[
(AKbwir drvwir-muA`lw)
kwzI nUr muhMmd 1763 iv`c Aihmd Swh durwnI dy s`qvyN hmly vyly
aus dy nwl AwieAw Aqy isMGW dy kwrnwmy jo aus ny A`KIN dyKy bwry ieM\
ibAwn krdw hY, ‘isMGW nUM sg (ku`qy) nw AwKo, auh qW Syr dI inAweIN
hn[koeI AwdmI ienHW dy swmHxy AV-KVH nhIN skdw, BwvyN auh ikqnw
hI joDw qy bl vwlw ikauN nw hovy[jd ieh nyjy nUM h`Q pwauNdy hn qW vYrI
dI sYnw nUM BWj pw idMdy hn, jd ieh kmwn ’qy ic`lw cwVHdy hn qW vYrI
dI jwn lYx vwLy qIr C`fdy hn Aqy jd ienHW dw qbr iclqy(sMjo) au~qy
pYNdw hY qW vYrI dw iclqw hI K`&x bx jWdw hY[
imstr brnz dy Sbd hn, “is`K kOm bhuq hI &rwK-idl hY[
mzHbI iBMn Byd dy bwvjUd is`K rihm idlI qoN hI kMm lYNdy hn”[ sr
lYpl igRPn vI ies g`l dI gvwhI Brdw hY ik is`K jMg smyN vI mnu`K
hI rihMdy hn, BUqny nhIN bxdy[ mYN ienHW dI ieiqhws AMdr AOrqW dI
bypqI krn Aqy vihSIAwnw qsIhy dyx dI koeI Gtnw nhIN pVHI[
qvwrIKy pMjwb iv`c bUty Swh ilKdw hY, “is`K jdoN iksy vYrI dy
kw&ly au~qy h`lw boLdy hn qW auh mrd dy isroN pgVI kdy nhIN auqwrdy
Aqy nw hI AOrq dy gihixAW jW bsqrW nUM h`Q pwauNdy hn”[
vgr dr hIny kzwkI ksy kw&lw rw qwrwz nmUdMd[
dsqwr Az sry hrigz Prw n my AwPur dMd[
vw br pwrdw vw zyvry znw muqilk dsq AMdwz n msvMd[

(60)
 ipAwrw isMG pdm sMKyp is`K ieiqhws dy pMnw 137 ’qy gztIAr
dw hvwlw dy ky ilKdy hn ik is`K srdwr QW QW lMgr lwauNdy hn[jdoN
1782 eIsvI iv`c cwLIey dw kwl ipAw qW ielwky dy srdwr bu`D isMG
ny AwpxI swrI jwiedwd vyc ky lokweI leI lMgr lgw id`qy[
fwktr hrI rwm gupqw ihstrI Aw& dI isKm dI pihlI ijld
dy pMnw 272 ’qy klmbMd krdy hn: isMGW ny pMjwb leI, ‘bIr BUmI
Xw sUrimAW dw dyS’ AwKy jwx dw mwx ijqwieAw[aunHW dy mwx m`qy
vwLI g`l shI hY ik auhnW 800 virHAW qoN vihMdy ivdySI jrvwixAW dy
hmilAW nUM T`lH pw id`qI[ies kr ky au~qrI ihMd dy vsnIk Awm qOr
’qy pMjwb vwsI Aqy ^ws qOr ’qy is`KW dy AiqAMq irxI hn[
‘The sikhs won for the Punjab the envied title of ‘the soldier’s
land’ and who alone can boast of having erected a bulmark of defence
against foreign aggression, the tide of which had run its prosperous
course for the preceding 800 years and to whom all other peoples of
northern India in general and of the Punjab in particular owe a deep
debt of gratitude.(History of the Sikhs, P272 First valume)
ieM\ muslmwn, AMgryz Aqy ihMdU lyKkW ny isMGW dI bhwdrI,
kurbwnI, Awcrn Aqy AwzwdI vwLI mhwn soc nUM KUB drswieAw Aqy
vifAwieAw hY[AYsI lok-BlweI, lok-rwj, iensw& Aqy Awpxy h`k
pRwpq krn dI imswl aus smyN dy ieiqhws iv`c sMswr AMdr G`t hI
imldI hY[ihMd AMdr pMjwb dI DrqI ’qy ienHW kurbwnIAW sdkw Syir-
ey-pMjwb mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny sqluj qoN jmrOd q`k Swndwr is`K
rwj sQwpq kIqw[

kRoV isMGIAw imsl

kRoV isMGIAw imsl sB qoN v`fI, au~cI-su`cI Aqy virAwm XoiDAW
dI hoNd kwrn bVI qwkqvr sI[bUty Swh qvwrIK-eI-pMjwb, fwktr
gMfw isMG Aqy rqn isMG BMgU dIAW ilKqW drswauNdIAW hn ik Swm
isMG sMDU (j`t) ipMf nwrlI msqwn isMG jI dy fyry iv`c gurmuKI iv`idAw,
Ssqr iv`idAw Aqy kIrqn iv`idAw is`Kdy sn[ienHW ieQy rih ky hI
msqwn isMG jI qoN KMfy-bwty dI phul CkI[ msqwn isMG, bwbw bMdw

(61)
isMG bhwdr dI sYnw iv`c j`Qydwr sn[muglW nwL lVweI smyN c`pV-
ic`VI (srihMd lwgy) jMgy-mYdwn ’c ieh ShId ho gey[auprMq kpUr isMG
isMGwpurIAw fyry dy muKI bxy, ienHW dy smyN Swm isMG ‘dl-^wlsw’ dI
hr kwrvweI ’c vD-cVH ky ih`sw lYNdy sn[kpUr isMG dy pRlok gmn
ip`CoN imsl dI vwg for srdwr Swm isMG ny sMBwlI[ rqn isMG BMgU
jI kQn krdy hn ik Swm isMG myry nwnw jI sI, aunHW dw suBwA bVw hI
dirAw idl, bolI im`TI, gurbwxI dy rsIey qy jsIey Aqy Awey gey hryk
vrg leI lMgr hmySW cwlU rKdy sI[auh Awp vI AMimRqDwrI sn Aqy
horW nUM ies ivDwn ’c prvyS krn leI qqpr rihMdy sn[Swm isMG jI
dy AOlwd nw hox kr ky aunHW ip`CoN 1739 ’c fyry dI sWB-sMBwl aunHW dy
BqIjy krm isMG ny sMBwlI[
krm isMG ny dIvwn drbwrw isMG dI h`lw-SyrI ’qy AMimRqpwn
kIqw[jwlMDr dI jMg jo nwsIr-aud-dIn Aqy AdInw byg ivckwr hoeI,
iv`c AdInw byg dI m`dd kridAW nwsIr-aud-dIn dy mu`K ispwh-
slwr KYr Swh dw sIs krm isMG ny klm kr id`qw[ies kwrn krm
isMG nUM in`fr Aqy bhwdr XoDw grdwinAW[ies ny Awpxy blbUqy
’qy aunHW lokW nUM muV is`KI gRihx krweI ijnHW nUM zkrIey ny D`ky nwl
muslmwn bxwieAw sI[kudrqI krm isMG dy vI koeI pu`qr nhIN sI ijs
kwrn krm isMG dI mOq auprMq BweI kRoVw isMG ivrk mwJy dw ijmINdwr
aus dw jwn nSIn bixAW[ ieh bwrkI ipMf, ijlHw lwhOr dw vsnIk
sI[kRoVw isMG ny ielwky dy bhuq swry nOjvwn Awpxy dl iv`c BrqI
kIqy[auprMq ies ny imsl ADIn hirAwxw Aqy Swm cOrwsI (ijlHw
huiSAwrpur, pMjwb) dy ielwky lY AWdy[ ies dy Swndwr pRbMD dy kwrn
fyry ny au~c bulMdIAW CohIAW[ bVI jldI ies dy GoV svwrW dI igxqI
8 hzwr q`k jw phuMcI[kRoVw isMG dI idAwnqdwrI, pRBwvI lIfriSp
Aqy dlyrI nUM mu`K rKidAW imsl dw nW kRoV isMGIAw imsl pY igAw[
kRoVw isMG ny mhwrwjw Brqpur dI m`dd kr ky keI ij`qW dvweIAW[
A&gwn bulMd KW nwl m`Qw lwieAw Aqy aus dw Kzwnw lu`itAw[ ErmuV
tWfw dI lVweI iv`c dIvwn ibsMbr dws nUM kql kIqw[ ies dI
sUrbIrqw Aqy Xu`D klw nUM sux kumhyr(rwjsQwn) dy rwjw fyk ny m`dd
leI qwlmyl kIqw Aqy 1 rupey pRqI idn GoV svwr nUM dyxw mMinAw[BweI
kRoVw isMG 5 hzwr GoV svwr lY ky AjImwbwd (qrwvVI) phuMcy[pr
(62)
kMjpurw dy nvwb dIAW &OzW dy nwl jMg iv`c jOhr idKwauNdy 1761 iv`c
ShId ho gey[keI ieiqhwskwrW ny iliKAw hY ik iek idn isMG jd
GoiVAW leI KyqW iv`c Gwh vgYrw lYx gey qW auQy izmINdwrW nwl tkrw
ho igAw[ie`k izmINdwr ny gu`sy ’c Aw ky jQydwr kRoVw isMG nUM golI dw
inSwnw bxw id`qw qy auh pRwx iqAwg igAw[BweI kRoVw isMG dy koeI
AOlwd nhIN sI[ienHW dI mOq auprMq srb sMmqI nwl 1761 nUM BweI
bGyl isMG nUM kRoV isMGIAw imsl dw j`Qydwr inXukq kr id`qw[

bGyl isMG ny kRoV isMGIAw imsl nUM SkqISwlI bnwauxw

imsl dI srdwrI pMQk sUJ-bUJ, AiDAwqmk jIvn, kurbwnI,
qp-iqAwg Aqy kIqI syvw-Gwlxw qoN vgYr pRwpq nhIN huMdI sI[BweI
bGyl isMG dI srbWgI SksIAq, srIirk Aqy mwnisk guxW dw sumyl
sI[srdwr rUp isMG Anuswr ‘BwvyN bu`DI SKsIAq dw Kws gux hY pr
bu`DI-Xogqw dy nwl nwl srIirk Aqy mwnisk SkqIAW nUM A`KoN-proKy
nhIN kIqw jw skdw, ijnHW iv`c Xwd-dwSq, klpnw, qrk qy iDAwn
SkqI ivAkqIqv dy gux Dur drgwhoN r`bI ikRpw sdkw hI huMdy hn’[jy
koeI v`fw sUrmw hY qW ieh sUrmgqI vI pRBU bKiSS qoN ibnW nhIN ho
skdI[gurbwxI dy mhWvwk hn:
Aq sUrw jo koaU khwvY] pRBu kI klw ibnw kih DwvY](òøò)
BweI bGyl isMG AMdr bhwdrI, dlyrI, iqAwg, dUr-drSI, zbq
Awid guxW qoN ielwvw j`QybMdI nUM sMgTn krn dI mn iv`c rON kwrn
kRoV isMGIAw imsl dw muKIAw bxwieAw igAw[keI ieiqhwsk ilKqW
Anuswr BweI kRoVw isMG ny ijauNdy jIA kih id`qw sI ik myry ip`CoN bGyl
isMG imsl dw srdwr hovygw[ienHW dI ihMmq, Xogqw Aqy qkbIr sdkw
ieh imsl sB imslW nwloN v`fI Aqy qwkqvr bxI[ so bGyl isMG bwry
ieh kihxw bxdw hY:
Syr vWgUM g`jxw, vYrI dy sIny v`jxw, gurU dy isMG dw kwj sI[
rx iv`coN kdy nhIN B`jxw, auey myirAw s`jxw,
ieh aus dw nwd sI[
idl Cpwauxw Awpxw, qy idl ihlwauxw vYrI dw,
ieh aus dw ivsmwd sI[

(63)
 JMfw auTwauxw pMQ dw, qy Sbd gwauxw gurU gRMQ dw,
iehI isMG bGyl dw rwj sI[
srdwr bGyl isMG nUM S`k hoieAw ik rwjy fyk kumhyr ny BweI
kRoVw isMG nUM iksy gu`JI nIqI ADIn mrvwieAw hovygw[imsl dI srdwrI
dIAW sB rsmW pUrn kr ky srdwr is`K &Oj lY qrwvVI vl c`l
ipAw[is`K &Oj dw jdoN aus vl Awauxw suixAw qW aus ny jMg dI
iqAwrI kr leI Aqy Awpxy ielwky iv`c dwKly ’qy rok leI &Oj qYnwq
kr id`qI[isMGW ny phuMc ky rwjy dI &Oj dy AiDkwrIAW nUM frwbw id`qw
ik jW qW kIqy iekrwrnwmy Anuswr Dn dy idau nhIN qW kumhyr Sihr
aujwV idAWgy[rwjw ieh dyK Gbrw igAw Aqy Awpxw vkIl g`lbwq
leI ByijAw[ vkIl ny srdwr bGyl isMG nwL g`lbwq dOrwn AwiKAw
ik qusIN &Oz vwps lY jwau[bGyl isMG dy &Oj vwps ljwx qoN nWh krn
’qy rwjy ny jQydwr nUM Awpxy mihlW ’c bulwieAw, bVw Awdr mwx kIqw
Aqy kuJ SwhI vsqW vI ByNt kIqIAW[dUjy pwsy j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw
rwjy dIAW &OjW nwL mu`T-ByV smyN P`tV ho gey[AwKIr rwjy ny 10 hjwr
rupey dy ky KihVw CufwieAw[srdwr bGyl isMG kuJ idn auQy rih ky
jlMDr duAwb vl Aw gey[
qlvx dw muKI muhMmd Kwn srdwr kRoVw isMG dw cMgw dosq
sI[aus pws 300 dy krIb GoV-svwr sUrmy sn[srdwr bGyl isMG
vI muhMmd Kwn dI hmySw m`dd krdw sI[Aihmd Swh ny jdoN pMjwb
’qy hmlw kIqw qW muhMmd Kwn bcwA leI nUr mihl dI srW iv`c luk
igAw[AbdwlI dy cly jwx auprMq Kwn ny ies dI m`dd leI Awpxy
BqIjy hmIr isMG nUM 3 hzwr GoV cVHy isMG Byjy[rsqy iv`c hmIr isMG
dI hor is`K j`iQAW nwL t`kr hox kr ky auh P`tV ho igAw[kuJ smyN
bwAd mIAW muhMmd qlvx Aw igAw[ies smyN kudrqI bGyl isMG vI
sYinkW nwL qlvx hI fyrw lweI bYTw sI[
kihMdy hn ik j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw ny bGyl isMG nUM Byd BirAw
p`qr iliKAw ik qUM hux qlvx Awpxy ADIn kr lY[ieh g`l nw hovy ik
mIeyN nUM hrw ky ies ’qy koeI hor kwbz ho jwvy[bGyl isMG bVw cqr,
jWbwj Aqy ienklwbI XoDw sI[ies ny mIeyN nUM ikhw, “mIAW swihb
swnUM Cotw ijhw iklHw bnwaux leI qlvx ’c jgHw dy idau[ies nwl iksy

(64)
bwhrI hmly qoN quhwfw qy swfw bcwA ho skygw”[mIAW ny iklHw bxwaux
leI QW dy id`qI Aqy isMGW ny ie`k mhIny ’c iklHw auswr id`qw[ iPr
iklHy iv`c Qwxw vI sQwpq kr id`qw[ieiqhwsk vyrvy Anuswr bGyl
isMG ny pUrI qrHW kbjw nhIN sI kIqw pr mIeyN qoN ielwky nUM pRwpq hoey
mwlIey ’coN cOQw ih`sw vsUl krdw sI[
bGyl isMG ny jIvn iv`c bVIAW mwrW mwrIAW ijvyN aus dy jIvn
pMD Aqy Aglyry AiDAwieAW iv`c vrnx kIqw igAw hY[srdwr Bgq
isMG ny ‘A History of the Sikh Mislas’ iv`c iliKAw hY ik 1783 iv`c
bGyl isMG dI kmwn hyT 60 hzwr sYink sn[iesy krky rqn isMG BMgU
ny ieh Sbd AMikq kIqy:
sB imsloN qy eyhu vfyrI[ qwkqvr virAwm aucyrI[
imsl dI srdwrI imlx auprMq bGyl isMG ny (1761-1802)
qkrIbn 41 swl srdwrI kIqI Aqy kRoV isMGIAw imsl nUM bulMdIAW
’qy phuMcwieAw[
ienHW dy Akwl clwxy ip`CoN BweI joD isMG jo BweI swihb dy AinMn
dosq srdwr gurbKS isMG dw pu`qr sI, imsl dw auq`rw AiDkwrI
bixAw[ Bwg isMG AwpxI ilKq qwrIK-eI-KMdwn-eI-irAwsq,
klsIAW, ijs dy AfItr Twkr ngInw rwm sn Aqy jo 1930 iv`c
CpI, pMnw 533 qoN 537 ’qy BweI joD isMG v`loN jlwlwbwd, Brqpur,
qlvx Aqy GuVwm dIAW jMgW iv`c CwqI qwx ky m`dd kIqI sI[joD
isMG vI bVw PurqIlw, CYl-CbIlw Aqy jitlw XoDw sI[ieh lwhOr
ijlHy dI qihsIl ksUr dy ipMf klsIAW dw vsnIk sMDU j`t sI[ies ny
Kjwn isMG qoN CCrOlI Aqy fyrw bsI Koh ley[joD isMG dw pu`qr hrI
isMG pitAwly dy rwjy swihb isMG dI lVkI krm kOr nwl ivAwihAw
hoieAw sI[sMn 1807 iv`c hrI isMG, mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dI &Oz
iv`c Swml ho liVAw sI ijs bdly Syir-ey-pMjwb ny aus nUM KuS ho ky
nrYxgVH dw prgnw sMBwl id`qw[ ies qoN ielwvw bfwlw, kMnHyrI Aqy
Jbwl dw ielwkw vI Swml sI[ srdwr hrI isMG 1817 iv`c mulqwn
dI jMg iv`c ShId ho igAw[ ies ip`CoN kRoV isMGIAw imsl dw swrw
ielwkw klsIAW pRvwr iv`c Swml ho igAw[ hrI isMG ip`CoN ies dw
lVkw lYhxw isMG 1858 q`k kwbz irhw[ soBw isMG dw pu`qr lYhxw isMG

(65)
(1869-83) AMgryz p`KI irhw[ lYhxw isMG dy pu`qr ibSn isMG (1869-
83) pws ieh ielwkw sI ijs dI Awmdn 1,30,300 rupey pRqI swl
sI[ibSn isMG bwAd jgjIq isMG (1883-86) Aqy aus ip`CoN rxjIq
isMG (1886-1908) Aqy rvI Syr isMG (1908-1947) vwrs bxy[Asl
iv`c kRoV isMGIAw imsl dw swrw ielwkw bGyl isMG dI srdwrnI rqn
kOr dI mOq auprMq mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG Aqy AMgryzW ADIn cilAw
igAw sI[1947-48 iv`c klsIAW prvwr dw ielwkw pitAwly Aqy
pUrbI pMjwb styt XUnIAn iv`c imlw id`qw igAw[

mIr mnUM dw zwlmpuxw

mIr mnMU id`lI srkwr v`loN Qwpy vzIr kmrudIn dw pu`qr sI[ies
dw pUrw nW muienl mulk sI[ ieh bVw cMfwl, dYNq rUp Aqy pwpI
sI[ieh mIr muienl mulk AiqAwcwrW kwrn mIr mnUM dy nW nwl pRis`D
ho igAw[mwnpur dy AsQwn ’qy id`lI v`loN Aihmd Swh AbdwlI ivru`D
1748 eIsvI nUM mIr muienl dI kmwn hyT ByjI sYnw dw s^q mukwblw
hoieAw[ies jMg iv`c vzIr kmru`dIn mwirAw igAw Aqy AbdwlI dI
hwr hoeI[ies ij`q kwrn ApRYl 1748 nUM muienl mulk (mnUM) nUM lwhOr
dw sUbydwr bxw id`qw[lwhOr phuMc ky ies ny lKpq rwey ijs nUM AbdwlI
ny hwkm inXukq kIqw sI, kYd kr ky dIvwn kOVw m`l nUM Awpxw nwieb
bxwieAw[jlMDr duAwb dw &Ojdwr AdInw byg nUM QwipAw[ lKpq
rwey (l`KU) ny is`KW ’qy bVy A`iqAwcwr kIqy sn[Aijhy pwpI dw AMq
mwVw hI huMdw hY[mnUM ny ies nUM 30 l`K rupey nzrwnw dyx leI AwiKAw
pr ieh swrw Dn dyx qoN Asmr`Q irhw[rqn isMG BMgU jI l`KU dy BYVy
kwrnwimAW bwry ilKdy hn:
qb l`KU ny hokw idvwXo[nwnk ko nwnU kihvwXo[
nwnk bwnI sunY jo kwn[qWih krwvo muslmwn[ (5)
gRMQ pMQI h`Q Awvih vwih[mD dirAwie fubwvY qwih[
kih mY nwnk pMQ imtwaUN[mYN BI K`qRI qaU khwaUN[(6)
aus smyN kOVw m`l dy kihx qy mnUM ny l`KU nUM isMGW dy hvwly kr
id`qw[isMGW ny jo ies nUM szw id`qI aus bwry BMgU jI ilKdy hn:
Xo kih dInI muSkn (t`tI) cVHwie[

(66)
 ishq (t`tI) Kwny mYN idXo igrwie[
is`Kn qy iqs sIs hgwXo[AOr lokn qy sIs muqwXo[127
Bwv isMGW ny lKpq rwey (l`KU) nUM muSkW bMnH ky t`tI Kwny iv`c su`t
ies dy mUMh qy t`tI dw qobrw cVHw id`qw[hr ie`k isMG nUM hukm kIqw ik
ies dy isr qy hI mUqo Aqy h`go[ ieM\ ieh is`KW dw jwnI duSmx du`K
Bog ky mirAw[
dIvwn kOoVw m`l ny isMGW nUM p`tI prgxy dy 12 ipMf qy cUxIAW dI
jwgIr idvweI[nvwb kpUr isMG ny ies jwgIr dy Dn nwl idn rwq
lMgr clwieAw[sMn 1752 iv`c AbdwlI ny lwhOr nUM Gyrw pw ilAw[ies
jMg iv`c kOVw m`l (im`Tw m`l) 6 mwrc 1752 nUM mwirAw igAw[AbdwlI
ny mIr mnUM nUM pkV ilAw[muPqI AlIaudIn ny iebrqnwmy iv`c durwnI
AbdwlI Aqy mnUM ivckwr hoeI vwrqwlwp nUM ieM\ drz kIqw hY,
“durwnI ny ikhw ik mnUM hux qUM myry rihm ’qy hNY; d`s qyry nwl kI
slUk kIqw jwvy? mnMU A`goN boilAw, jykr qUM vpwrI hYN qW mYnUM vyc dy,
jy ksweI hYN qW mwr dy Aqy jy bwdSwh hNY qW iKmw kr dy[ ies dI
isAwxp Aqy dlyrI BirAw au~qr sux durwnI ny pRBwvq ho ky mIr mnUM
nUM “PrzMdy Kwn bhwdr rusqmy ihMd” dw iKqwb id`qw Aqy lwhOr dw
sUbydwr bxwieAw[kSmIr dw hwkm suKjIvn nUM bxwieAw[
durwnI dy kihx qy mIr mnUM ny is`KW dw Kurw Koj imtwaux leI l`k
bMnH ilAw[rusqmy ihMd dw Ahudw gRihx kr ky ieh GmMf ’c AwieAw
hoieAw lwtW vWg jIvn ibqwaux l`g igAw Aqy dUijAW nUM kIVy-mkOVy
hI smJdw sI[1752 dI ivswKI ^wlsw AwnMdpur swihb ivKy mnw irhw
sI qW AdInwbyg Aqy sdIk byg ny v`fI &Oz nwL ienHW ’qy hmlw kr
id`qw ijs iv`c kwPI isMG ShIdIAW pw gey Aqy kuJ bc inkly[mnMU ny
mIr momn KW nUM &Oj dy ky isMGW dy ^wqmy leI l`KI jMgl vl G`ilAw
pr isMGW v`loN id`qy mUMh BMn jvwb kwrn ieh bhuqw s&l nw hoieAw[
qihmws KW imskIn ny qihrIky-qihmws-imskIn jo 1780 ’c ilKI
drz kIqw ik mIr mnUM ny seIAd-jYml-aud dIn KW qy bKSI gwzI byg
KW nUM AMimRqsr &Oj dy ky ByijAw[ ienHW rwm rOxI gVHI ’qy BwrI hmlw
kIqw[isMGW ft ky mukwblw kIqw Aqy 900 dy krIb ShId ho gey[ieh
ShIdIAW mugl &Oj dIAW qopW dy goLy vrHwaux kwrn hoeIAW[

(67)
 isMGW pws koeI qopKwnw nhIN sI[ mOlvI nUr Aihmd icsqI
Anuswr mnUM ny eId vwLy idn krIb 1100 isMG Aqy bhuq swry ihMdUAW
dy isr klm krw id`qy[ ieM\ ieh k`tV quA`sbI Aqy BYVw mnu`K hI nhIN
sgoN dYNq rUp sI[
is`KW Aqy ihMdUAW nUM hzwrW dI igxqI iv`c mwrn auprMq ies ny
iesqRIAW Aqy aunW dy b`icAW nUM inSwnw bxwieAw[ ies ny shuM KwDI
ik mYN svw syr jnyaU bwl ky iPr Kwxw KwvWgw[ ie`k is`K dw isr v`F
ky ilAwaux vwly nUM 25 rupey ienwm dyx l`igAw[ ipMfW iv`c isMGxIAW
du`D cuMGdy b`icAW smyq jylHIN f`k id`qIAW[ aunHW qoN svw svw mx dwxy
ipsvwey[ jykr koeI iF`lI m`TI hox kwrn c`kI nhIN sI pINhdI aus nUM
CwqI ’qy p`Qr mwr mwr ky mwr id`qw jWdw sI[ nnHy nnHy b`cy tu`kVy kr
kr JolIAW iv`c pwey, pr ieh gurU gurU krdIAW nw hI folIAW Aqy nw
hI DrmhIx hoeIAW[
isMG ieqny kSt, musIbqW Aqy pwpI J`KV J`ldy hoey vI gw rhy
sn:
mIr mnMU AswfI dwqRI, AsIN mnUM dy soie[
ijauN ijauN mnMU swnUM v`Fdw, AsIN dUx svwie hoie]
(iebrqnwmw, AlwaudIn)
isMGxIAW nUM kYd krnw, qsIhy dyxy Aqy aunHW dy b`cy mwrny isMGW
dy KUn nUM hmySw aubwly KuAw irhw sI[ kudrq bVI zorwvr hY[ jo vI
siqgurU nUM s`cy idl nwL iDAwauNdw hY, auh aus dI rKvwlI krdw hY[
aus dy Gr iv`c AMDyr nhIN[ gurbwxI dy bol hn:
pwpI kw Gr AgnI mwih] jlq rhy kbhU imt nwih]
ieh khwvq vI hY ‘pwpI ko mwrny ky lIey pwp mhWblI hY[’ gurU
dy swjy-invwzy ^wlsy nUM imtwaux vwly Awp imt jWdy hn[ gurUu ky isMG
kihMdy BwvyN mnUM swnUM Gwh PUs dy smwn smJ ky swfy ’qy AwpxI dwqI
Pyr irhw hY pr aus nUM ieh nhIN pqw ky Gwh k`tx nwL dUx svwieAw
vDdw hY[
ieiqhwsk q`QW muqwbk mnMU nUM ^br imLI ik ksUr lwgy isMGW
ny itkwxw kIqw hoieAw hY[ ies hMkwrI, ivkwrI qy nrkDwrI ny sYnw

(68)
lY isMGW dw ip`Cw kIqw[ auQy phuMc ky ies ny isMGW nUM koh koh ky
mrvwieAw[ ies kqlyAwm auprMq ieh KuSIAW mnwauNdw jdoN vwps Aw
irhw sI qW r`bI Bwxw AYsw vriqAw ik ies dI GoVI ijs au~pr svwr
sI Acwnk AYsI qRbkI ik au~cIAW au~cIAW ClWgW mwr dOV peI[ ies
dOrwn mnUM ie`k pwsy ltk igAw Aqy ies dw pYr rkwb iv`c Ps igAw[
ieM\ qRbkI hoeI GoVI ies nUM dUr q`k GsIt ky lY geI[ ies ny bQyrI
hwl-duhweI mcweI Aqy AwKIr ies pwpI dy pRwx inkl gey[ ieh g`l
3 nvMbr 1753 dI hY[
mIr mnUM dw hmjolI Aqy sihgwmI qihmws KW imskIn ‘qihrIky-
qihmws-imskIn’ dy pMnw 87-90 iv`c ies dI hoeI drdnwk mOq dw
vrnx krdw hY[ ieh ilKdw hY ik mIr mnMU, Abdur rhIm KW jvweI
Abdu`s smuMd KW dy mihl iv`c jo ShId gMj koL hY d&nwieAw igAw[
KuSvkq rwey ‘ikqwby qvwrIKy pMjwb’ jo 1812 ’c ilKI dy pMnw 88
’qy ilKdw hY ik mhwrwjw Syr isMG dy Swsn kwl smyN is`KW ny Abdu`s
rhIm KW dw mihl Fwh id`qw Aqy mIr mnMU dI kbr pu`t aus dIAW
h`fIAW bwhr su`t id`qIAW[ ieh vwrqw lwhOr gztIAr dy pMnw 28 ’qy
vI AMikq hY[

isMGW dI cVHdI klw

sMswr AMdr vrq rhI r`bI Kyf AMdr du`K auprMq su`K, hwr auprMq
ij`q Aqy FihMdI klw auprMq cVHdI klw dI Aws r`KI jWdI hY[ Awzwd
ihrdy r`Kx vwLI kOm gulwm nhIN bxweI jw skdI[ ienklwbI kdy
ipCWh nUM nhIN sgoN AgWh nUM hI q`kdw hY pr ies leI kurbwnI dyxI
pYNdI hY[ fwktr iekbwl dy Sbd hn ik isMG bhwdrW ny ATwrvIN sdI
AMdr ieslwm vwilAW qoN kurwn vI Koh ilAw qy qlvwr vI[ kurwn ies
leI ik jbrI Drm qbdIl dy hVH nUM bMnH lw id`qw qy qlvwr ies leI
ik id`lI ’qy kwbl dIAW dohW qwkqW nUM hyTW lwh ky auh Awp pMjwb dy
vwirs bx gey[

(69)
 BUirAW vwLy rwjy
mnMU dI mOq ip`CoN isMGW ny pihlw kMm, lwhOr dIAW jylHW ’c bMd
isMGxIAW Aqy aunHW dy b`icAW nUM irhw krwieAw[ dUjw kMm; ieh kIqw
ik srdwr j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw ny rwm rOxI gVHI jo mIr mnUM ny FuAw
id`qI sI aus nUM bxvwieAw Aqy bdl ky ies dw nW ‘rwm gVH’ r`iKAw[
qIjw; srdwr cVHq isMG Aqy srdwr jY isMG ny muslmwnI Bys Dwr ky
500 isMGW nwL lwhOr dw ‘prI mihl’ Aqy ‘rMg mihl lu`itAw[ cOQw;
sMn 1774 nUM 12 hzwr isMGW ny srihMd ’qy jw kbzw kIqw Aqy doSIAW
nUM dMf id`qy[ pMjvW, ARYpl 1775 iv`c AdInw byg ny isMGW dI shwieqw
nwL ruhyly nUM mwirAw[ ies bdly AdInw byg ny isMGW nUM &iqhbwd
dw prgxw sMBwilAw[ CyvW; isMGW ny grIb ikswnW dI jwn mwl leI
‘rwKI’ ArQwq jumyvwrI dI muihMm SurU kIqI[ so bMdw isMG bhwdr qoN
ip`CoN ieh dUjI vwr sI jdoN hkUmq dy sqwey jMglW ’c BUirAW dIAW
bu`klW mwrI iPrdy isMGW ny dyS dy rwj pRbMD nUM hwsl kIqw[ieh dyK
bulHy Swh &kIr ny aucwrn kIqw:
muglW zihr ipAwly pIqy[BUirAW vwly rwjy kIqy[
hrI isMG BMgI Aqy cVHq isMG ny rwvI pwr dw ielwkw m`l ilAw,
hIrw isMG ink`eI ny cUxIAW dw, jY isMG qy j`sw isMG rwmgVIHey ny
irAwVkI dw, AwhlUvwlIAw qy isMGwpurIAw imslW ny duAwbw, imsl
ShIdW qy kRoV isMGIAw ny sqluj pwr dw ielwkw rwKI hyT ilAWdw[ies
qoN ielwvw c`iTAW, g`KVW, rwjpUqW qy pTwxW ny vI keI ielwky sMBwly[
19 jnvrI 1757 nUM AbdwlI ny cOQy hmly dOrwn id`lI lu`tI[ies
dy lVky qymUr Swh ny ies gu`sy iv`c ik myry ipau nUM isMGW ny keI vwr
lu`itAw &OzI qwkq nwL hirmMdr swihb dI byAdbI kIqI qy qwl im`tI
Aqy gMd nwl pUr id`qw Aqy AMimRqsr Sihr lu`itAw[

bwbw dIp isMG dI ShIdI

‘hirmMdr soeI AwKIAY, ijQo hir jwqw’ dy mhWvwk Anuswr qYmUr
vloN hirmMdr swihb Fwhux dI gwQw sux qlvMfI swbHo biTMfw (dmdmw
swihb) ivKy sRI gurU gRMQ swihb dy auqwry kr rhy Aqy hor Dwrimk
poQIAW ilKx Aqy gurmiq iv`idAw pVHwaux dI syvw kr rhy guxI

(70)
igAwnI bwbw dIp isMG dy ihrdy ’qy gihrI s`t v`jI[ijvyN imknwqIs
(cuMbk) lohy nUM iK`cdw hY, dSmyS ipqw dy h`QoN AMimRq Ckx vwly bwbw dIp
isMG ny hirmMdr swihb dI by-ruhmqI nw shwrdy hoey sB kMm C`f h`Q
’c KMfw pkV Aqy sIs qlI ’qy r`K 500 isMGW dw j`Qw lY Shwdq dyx
leI AMimRqsr vl nUM cwly pw id`qy[rsqy iv`c rukidAW klgIDr mwhI
dw sd sux hlvwhk Aqy ikrqI Gr br iqAwg Aqy hiQAwr cu`k j`Qy
’c Swml huMdy gey Aqy AwKIr igxqI 5000 dy lg pg phuMc geI[A`gy
jhwn Kwn nwL twkrw ho igAw[11 nvMbr 1757 nUM gohlgVH lwgy jMg
iv`c bwbw nOD isMG Aqy hor Anyk isMG ShIdIAW pw gey[ bwbw jI dy
swmHxy AwieAw jhwn KW dw shwiek AqweI KW vI mwirAw igAw[bwbw
jI dw vI sIs D`V qoN v`K ho igAw[pr ieh isr l`Q XoDw sIs qlI
’qy r`K ky duSmx dy AwhU lhuMdw hirmMdr swihb koL phuMc ShIdI pw
igAw[ies mhwn gurU dy syvk, ivdvwn Aqy nUry sUry dy sMswr qoN cly
jwx nwL is`KW dy ihrdy vlUMDVy gey Aqy roh iv`c Aw gey[
isMGW ny hor koeI cwrw nw q`k AdInw byg nUM jlMDr-duAwb dw
hwkm bxwieAw[ pr ieh cMcl suBwA dw hox kr ky CyqI hI A`KW Pyr
igAw[isMGW dw ByqI hox kr ky v`D nukswn krwaux l`g ipAw[ btwly
lwgy AdInW ngr ies ny Awpxw mu`K d&qr bxw ilAw pr 4 mhIny
dI nvwbI kr 15 sqMbr 1758 nUM mr igAw[isMGW 1758 dI idvwlI
AMimRqsr ivKy sj-Dj nwl mnweI[
AbdwlI Atk pwr kr ky 1759 iv`c pMjvIN vwr Pyr ihMd ’qy
cVHweI kr ky Aw igAw[ies ny id`lI lu`tI Aqy 1761 iv`c mrh`itAW nUM
pwxIpq dy mYdwn iv`c krwrI hwr id`qI[jdoN durwnI &Oj ibAws nUM pwr
kr rhI sI qW j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIey ny 2200 iesqRIAW CfweIAW Aqy
aunHW dy GrW ’c phuMcweIAW[ ies kwrvweI kwrn j`sw isMG ‘bMdI CoV’
dy nW nwL pRis`D ho igAw[

isMGW dw lwhOr ’qy kbzw

ijauN hI AbdwlI ny Atk pwr kIqw isMGW Jnw dw ielwkw lu`t,
jUn-julweI 1761 nUM Pyr pMjwb ’qy Awpxw ADkwr jmw ilAw[AbdwlI
ny ieh ^br sux nUrdIn KW bwmzdI nUM pMjwb vl ByijAw[srdwr cVHq

(71)
isMG ny JnW lwgy ies nUM jw roikAw Aqy AYsI BWj id`qI ik ieh mrn qoN
frdw jMmU jw viVAw[ies auprMq APgwn dy KuAwjw AbId KW ny cVHq
isMG au~qy cVHweI kIqI[isMGW ies nUM vI cMgy h`Q idKwey[27 AkqUbr
1761 dI dIvwlI nUM gurmqw pws kr ky nvMbr iv`c lwhOr ’qy kbzw kr
ilAw[srdwr j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIey nUM sulqwn-aul-kOm dw i^qwb dy
rwj isMGwsn ’qy bYTw id`qw Aqy ‘nwnk nwm’ dw is`kw clwieAw[
bwbw dIp isMG dI Shwdq auprMq srdwr j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIey
ny jwbr SwskW ’qy mugl pTwxW nUM vMgwirAw Aqy llkwr ky soiDAw[ies
ny srdwr bGyl isMG smyq dUjIAW imslW dy srdwrW nUM nwl lY duSmxW
nUM jlMDr q`k D`k id`qw[qYmUr (AbdwlI dw pu`qr) Aqy jhwn Kwn
AwpxIAW jwnW bcw ky n`s gey[muglW dy sYink pkV aunHW qoN AMimRqsr
dw srovr jo qYmUr ny pUirAw sI, auh sw& krwieAw[is`KW v`loN isrjy
sunihrI Biv`K dy rMgIn supny swkwr krn leI ieh ienklwb jwrI sI
pr gdwrW dy ieh imSn kMfy vWg cu`B irhw sI[
jMifAwly dy gdwr cODrI Awkl dws dI nINd hrwm ho geI[isMGW
dy lwhOr ’qy rwj krn dI g`l mwnoN ies dI CwqI ’qy idn-rwq s`p vWg
mylH rhI sI[ies ny AbdwlI nUM sunyhw ByijAw ik ijs qrHW ihMd iv`c
qusIN mrwiTAW nUM mwr mukwieAw hY iesy qrHW v`fI &Oj ilAw ky vYrI isMGW
nUM mwr mukwau[ieh sunyhw phuMcx ’qy AbdwlI ny ihMd ’qy CyvyN hmly dI
iqAwrI kr leI ijs dOrwn ‘v`fw G`lUGwrw’ vwpirAw[

v`fw G`lUGwrw
lutyrw lu`t mwr kr ky kdy r`jdw nhIN Aqy nw hI Awpxw hMkwrI,
ivkwrI Aqy qwnwSwhI suBwA bdldw hY[auh Awpxy mksd dI pUrqI
leI bydoiSAW, grIbW Aqy kmzorW dw Gwx krn qoN vI bwj nhIN
AwauNdw[ieiqhwsk q`QW muqwbk Aihmd Swh AbdwlI ny Awpxy pMjvyN
hmly dOrwn pwxIpq dI qIjI lVweI (13-14 jnvrI 1761) dOrwn
mrh`itAW dy dMd K`ty kr ky kyvl byQwh Dn dOlq hI nhIN lu`itAw, KUn
dIAW ndIAW hI nhIN vgweIAW sgoN 50 hzwr dy krIb suMdr AOrqW ’qy
lVkIAW nUM gulwm bxw ky A&gwnsqwn v`l nUM qur ipAw[AYsy ienswnW
sMbMDI sohx isMG sIql ilKdy hn:

(72)
 auh jwpx dyh ienswnI, qy rUh Azl dI
auh vsdy SihrW QwnI, ij`Qy lMGdy
auh ip`Cy BUq-nSwnI Koly C`f dy
auh krdy in`q mihmwnI, Bu`KI mOq dI
nw b`cw, ibrD, jnwnI, ijauNdy C`f dy
aunHW kIqI pu`j ivrwnI, dyS pMjwb dI
AYsy jbr, zulm Aqy dIn-eImwn nUM BMg huMdw dyK gurU dy is`K jr
nhIN skdy qy duStW dy sMGwr leI KMfw KVkwauNdy hn[ijs smyN durwnI
&Oj ibAws pwr krn l`gI qW j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIey dI AgvweI iv`c
isMG APgwnW ’qy tu`t pey, kuJ Kzwnw vI lu`itAw Aqy gulwm bxweIAW
lVkIAW nUM Cufvw ky aunHW nUM Gro GrI pujwieAw[
lwhOr phuMcx ’qy AbdwlI nUM isMGW dI ies kwrvweI dw pqw
l`igAw qW KuAwjw AbId KW nUM hwkm lwhOr qy sr bulMd KW nUM mulqwn
dI hwkmI sONp ky isMGW dy nwS dw hukm kr meI 1761 nUM Awpxy mulk
nUM c`l ipAw[Ajy ies ny Atk hI pwr kIqw sI ik isMGW ny ies dy dlW
nUM Pyr lu`itAw[ipAwrw isMG pdm Anuswr 1761 dI dIvwlI smyN lwhOr
nUM C`f swrw pMjwb isMGW dy kbjy hyT sI[AwKIr nvMbr 1761 nUM lwhOr
vI Awpxy ADIn kr ky srdwr j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIey nUM ‘sulqwn-aul-
kOm’ dw iKqwb dy ky rwj isMGwsn ’qy ibTw id`qw[ “Kzwnw-ey-Awmrw”
(1762) iv`c drz hY ik isMGW ny Awpxw is`kw clwieAw[ijs au~pr
&wrsI Sbd sn:
‘is`kw jd dr jhW bPzil Akwl
mulk Aihmd igRPq, j`sw klwl’[
pr gxyS dws vfyhry dI ilKq ’chwr bwg pMjwb’ drswauNdI hY
ik ies smyN isMGW ny jo is`kw clwieAw aus dy au~pr ieh Sbd sn:
dygo qygo Pqih E nusrq by-drMg[
XwPq Az nwnk gurU goibMd isMG[
ieh is`ky dy ieh auhI Sbd sn ijhVy bMdw isMG bhwdr dy rwj
smyN vrqI jWdI mohr ’qy aukry hoey sn[
dyg dw Bwv sI r`jy hoey KulHy idl vwLy, qyg dw Bwv sI byimswl

(73)
jurAiq vwly Aqy E nusrq by-drMg dw Bwv sI ibnW iksy rukwvt
dy ij`q hoxI, gurU nwnk Aqy gurU goibMd isMG dI imhr sdkw hI hY[
muslmwn ilKwrI AsrwrI sm`dI ny dyg qy qyg dy ArQ ieM\ kIqy hn
ik isMGW nUM dunIAW dI koeI qwkq hrw nhIN skdI, ikauNik ienHW kol
dyg vI hY qy qyg vI hY[
gxyS dws jI dI ilKq TIk jwpdI hY ikauNik s`cw-su`cw, gurU dI
mnOq krn vwlw, qyj-prqwpI isMG kdy vI AwpxI soBw nhIN krwauNdw
auh qW hr smyN gurU nUM hI mu`K rKdw hY[ipAwrw isMG pdm vI ‘sMKyp
is`K ieiqhws’ dy pMnw 101 ’qy ilKdy hn ik j`sw klwl dy nwm vwly
is`ky dy l&j kuJ quA`sbI muslmwnW durwnI nUM cu`kx leI jwAlI bxw
ky kwbl Byjy sn[
Asl iv`c jdoN 1761 iv`c isMGW dw swry pMjwb ’qy kbzw ho igAw
qW zulm Aqy isqm dw nwc n`cx vwLy iehnW muslmwnW Aqy durwnI dy
XwrW-gdwrW, jo sn qW is`KI dy Bys iv`c pr sn is`KW dy jwnI duSmx
ny AbdwlI nUM Pyr pMjwb ’qy cVH ky Awaux leI aUl-jlUl g`lW ilK ky
aukswieAw[iebrqnwmy dw ilKwrI muhMmd kwism lwhOrI ilKdw hY ik
Awkl dws (is`KW dw v`fw doKI) ny p`qr il`K ky durwnI pws G`ilAw ik
myrI jwn ^qry iv`c hY Awp jldI phuMco qW ik mYN ijMdw rih skW, myry
mrn ip`CoN quhwfI qwkq dw kI lwB ies vwr vYrI isMGW nUM mwr mkwauxw
cwhIdw hY[
hulVbwjW, AiqAwcwrIAW, hMkwrIAW Aqy ivkwrIAW dIAW
auprokq ilKqW dyK AbdwlI CyvIN vwrI 50 hzwr &Oj lY ky 1762 iv`c
pMjwb ’qy cVH AwieAw[

ku`p-rhIVy dI KUnI dwsqwn

AbdwlI dw pMjwb v`l nUM v`fy lSkr smyq ciVHAw AwauNdw sux
mwJy duAwby dy isMG bcwau leI prvwrW smyq g`ifAW, GoiVAW, K`crW
Aqy aUTW ’qy cVH mwlvy dy ielwky ku`p-rhIVy (nyVy mwlyrkotlw) koL
phuMc gey[durwnI 3 PrvrI nUM lwhOroN c`l ky mwro mwro krdw Aqy lu`t
mcwauNdw 5 PrvrI 1762 nUM isMGW dI 50 hzwr qoN vI v`D iek`TI hoeI
vhIr dy nzdIk qVkswr hI phuMc igAw[dUjy bMinauN jYn KW hwkm

(74)
srihMd qy BIKn KW nvwb mlyrkotlw vI mulKeIey smyq isMGW dI vhIr
nUM Gyr ky mwr mukwaux leI cVH Awey[ies vhIr nUM jrvwixAW qoN
bcwaux leI Aqy sur`iKAq QW ’qy phuMcwaux leI sMgU isMG vkIl Awlw
isMG qy syKU isMG vkIl BweI bu`Fw isMG brnwly vl iljw rhy sn[[
srdwr j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw qy srdwr cVHq isMG (bwbw mhwrwjw
rxjIq isMG) SsqrDwrI isMGW smyq vYrI nUM rokx leI mYdwny jMg iv`c
jUJ rhy sn[isMG, isMGxIAW, b`icAW qy bu`iFAW nUM bcwaux sMbMDI rqn
isMG BMgU ny isMGW v`loN ApxweI ivDI nUM ieM\ ibAwn kIqw hY[
ijm kr kukVI bicAn CupwvY[ iPlwie pMK duie qr& rKwvY[
iem Kwlsy ny bhIr CpwXo[ jo bc rhXo so AwgY lgwXo[
AbdwlI ny Awpxy vzIrW nUM ijnHW iv`c isr k`Fdw Swh vlI KW,
BIKn KW, jYn KW qy dIvwn l`CmI nwrwiex sn, hukm kIqw ik koeI vI
is`K A`j bc ky nw inkl jwvy[mYN ies vwr is`KW dw Kurw Koj imtwaux
AwieAw hW[ies jMg iv`c PUlkIAW dI imsl nUM C`f srdwr bGyl isMG
qy hor swrIAW imslW dy srdwr vhIr dI r`iKAw leI CwqIAW qwx ky
lV rhy sn[BwvyN kwPI smW isMGW ny mugl &OjIAW nUM vhIr dy nyVy nw
Fu`kx id`qw pr hzwrW dI igxqI ’c iglijAW ny gurmy ipMf pws isMGW
dw Gyrw qoV vhIr ’qy hmlw kr id`qw[sohx isMG sIql Anuswr ienHW
mwxs KwixAW ny iksy ibrD, iesqrI jW b`cy ’qy vI qrs nw kIqw[ jdoN
mW mmqw dI mwrI b`cy nUM bcwaux ^wqr Gu`t ky CwqI nwL lw lYNdI, qW
vYrI swmHixauN ih`k iv`c nyjw mwr ky mW-b`cy dohW nUM pwr bulw idMdw[bhuq
swry b`cy auqWh auCwl ky nyjy iv`c pro id`qy[iksy grBvqI iesqrI nUM
dyK ky aus dy pyt iv`c nyjw mwrdy[ ieM\ hzwrW dI igxqI iv`c b`cy, bu`Fy
’qy iesqrIAW qlvwr dy Gwt auqwry gey[kuJ kqlyAwm qoN frdy ipMf
gihl iv`c jw vVy pr ipMf vwilAW ny AbdwlI qoN fridAW bUhy bMd kr
ley qy iksy nUM shwrw nw id`qw sgoN h`lw kr isMGW dw smwn lu`t ilAw[
kuJ isMG isMGxIAW bwjry Awid dy su`ky muhwirAW iv`c luk gey, ijnHW nUM
vYrIAW ny A`g lw ky swV id`qw[
srdwr Swm isMG vI bVI qyzI nwL bc geI vhIr dy bcwau
leI phuMc igAw[ aus ny Awpxy isMGW nwL rl ky vYrI dy AwhUu lwh
su`ty[ienHW dy hmly qoN fr ky jYn KW qy Swh vLI mYdwn ’coN jwnW bcw ky

(75)
n`s gey[lVidAW lVidAW j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIey Aqy cVHq isMG dy
srIrW ’qy bhuq zKm Awey ijnHW bwry rqn isMG BMgU sRI gurU pMQ pRkwS
iv`c AMikq krdy hn:
j`sw isMG Kwey bweI Gwie, qo BI isMG jI lVqy jwie[
srdwr sBY j^mI Bey, swbq rhXo n koie[
cVHq isMG j^m igxy n jwie, qIr qlvwrn jo nyjy Kwie[
bcI KucI vhIr jd kuqby ipMf pws phuMcI qW aus dy smwn nUM
rMGVW ny lu`itAw[ieqny nUM AbdwlI vI &Oj smyq aunHW ’qy AwsmwnI
ibjlI vWg jw ifigAw[Swm nUM AbdwlI is`KW dw Gwx kr ky brnwly
phuMc igAw[ieQy jYn KW qy BIKx KW ny AbdwlI dy kMn Bry ik Awlw
isMG ny AMdrKwqy pihlW mrwiTAW dI m`dd kIqI Aqy ies vwr is`KW
dw m`ddgwr hY, ies nUM kYdI bxwau Aqy glqI leI 5 l`K dw jurmwnw
Bry[brnwLy dI lu`t-Ksu`t kr ky AbdwlI ny hukm kIqw ik Awlw isMG
dw isr muMn ky myry pyS kro[ Awlw isMG nUM BvwnI gVH qoN pkV ky jdoN
durwnI dy pyS kIqw qW ies ny duhweI pweI ik mYN zurmwnw Brn leI
iqAwr hW pr myry kys nw k`ty jwx[ kihMdy hn ik Awlw isMG ny 5 l`K
jurmwnw ByNt kIqw Aqy kys nw ktwaux bdly svw l`K hor dy ky irhweI
pweI[ieh g`l is`K dy kysDwrI hox dI mhwnqw nUM drswauNdI hY[
ies G`lUGwry dOrwn qkrIbn 30 hzwr pRwxIAW dw kql
hoieAw[pRwcIn pMQ pRkwS dy pMnw 351 ’qy muglW qy isMGW dI igxqI bwry
ieM\ drz hY qurk Awtw, hm lUx is\wpy[ pRwcIn pMQ pRkwS dy krqw
BweI rqn isMG BMgU dy ipqw BweI rwey isMG (bytw ShId BweI mqwb
isMG mIrW kotIAw ijs ny hirmMdr swihb dI byAdbI kr rhy m`sy rMGV
dw isr v`iFAw sI) vI ies G`lUGwry iv`c Swml sI[auh ilKdy hn:
lok khYN isMG iek lK swrw, pcws bcXo AOr sB gXo mwrw[
ipqw hmwry qIs bqwey, rhy su mr AOr bc kr Awey[
ipqw cwco duie hm Qy swQ, aun qy sunI hm AwKI bwq[
ies G`lUGwry iv`c sB qoN v`fw nukswn ieh hoieAw ik BweI mnI
isMG dI h`Q ilKq sRI gurU gRMQ swihb jI dI dmdmI bIV jo isMGW pws
sI auh gwieb ho geI Aqy pqw nhIN l`igAw iks dy h`Q AweI[ipAwrw
isMG pdm ilKdy hn ik ieqnw jwnI nukswn hox dy bwvjUd isMG ieh

(76)
AwK rhy sn ik ^wlsw G`lUGwry dI A`g iv`c pY ky Su`D kuMdn ho igAw
hY[BMgU jI Anuswr ie`k inhMg isMG jo kudrqI bc igAw nyjw au~cw kr
ky kih irhw sI, ‘Kot inkl igAw hY, qy hux inrol q`q ^wlsw rih
igAw hY’[
iek inhMg buk qih khXo auco bcn sunwey[
q`q Kwlsy so rhXo gXo so Kot gvwey[
(pRwcIn pMQ pRkwS, pMnw 372)
^jwnw-ie-Awimrw-ilKq gulwm AlI Awzwd iblgRwmI (1762)
iv`c vI inhMg isMG dy 5 PrvrI 1762 nUM AwKy auprokq Sbd drz hn[
brnwly Sihr nUM lu`t ky AbdwlI mwrDwV krdw srihMd
phuMicAw[lokweI iv`c dihl, fr Aqy hwhwkwr mcwaux leI ies dy
kw&ly iv`c 50 g`ifAW ’qy isMGW isMGxIAW dy v`Fy hoey isr l`dy hoey
sn[Aihmd Swh AbdwlI kih irhw sI ik mYN ies G`lUGwry iv`c AYsI
szw dy cilAW hW ik keI pIVHIAW q`k ieh lok Bu`l nhIN skxgy Aqy
nw hI hkUmq ivru`D au~T skxgy[pr gurU dI swjI-invwjI is`K kOm dy
isMGW nUM kOx Kqm kr skdw hY?
ies G`lUGwry iv`c isMGW ’qy peI v`fI mwr AbdwlI dI v`D &Oj
aus kol v`fw qopKwnw Aqy isMGW dy aunHW dy bwl mwqwvW qy bjurg sn[
sohx isMG sIql ilKdy hn ik ieqnI mwr pYx dy bwvjUd isMGW dI soc
sI, ‘P`t Kw ky au~To qy hwr nUM ij`q ’c bdlx leI isr DV dI bwjI
lw idau’[ isMGW ny jldI hI biTMfy dy ryqly ielwky ’c iek`T kIqw Aqy
srb sMmqI nwl &Yslw kIqw:
krn slwhIN ^wlsy dIvwn sjw ky[
kI AbdwlI khygw kwbl ivc jw ky?
AwieAw hW dSmyS dw mYN nwm imtw ky?
isMG gurU dy n`s gey rx kMf ivKw ky[
AMimRqsr dw aus ny hirmMdr Fwh ky[
AxK vMgwrI pMQ dI sl sIny lw ky[
au~To isMGo! mrd bx rx imlIey jw ky[
dwg lihx ieiqhws qoN r`q ivc nhw ky[
DMn jo jIvy sIqlw jMg lwj bcw ky[

(77)
 isMG ies sMktmeI smyN iv`c vI Gbrwey nhIN[AbdwlI Ajy lwhOr
iv`c hI sI ik meI 1762 iv`c isMGW srihMd ’qy hmlw kr ky doSIAW nUM
dMf id`qw[17 AkqUbr 1762 nUM dIvwlI mOky 60 hzwr dy krIb ^wlsw
AMimRqsr iek`Tw hoieAw[AbdwlI AYsw iek`T sux ky hYrwn sI ik ieh
lok iks im`tI dy bxy hoey hn[ieqnI mwr pYx ’qy vI isr cu`k rhy
hn[AwKIr ieh 12 dsMbr 1762 nUM A&gwnsqwn v`l nUM quirAw[isMGW
JnW koL AbdwlI dI sYnw nUM Pyr lu`itAw[G`lUGwry dw bdlw lYx leI
dsMbr 1763 iv`c mlyrkotly dy nvwb BIKn KW nUM mwirAw[14 jnvrI
1764 nUM srihMd &qih kr ky jYn KW nUM ^qm kIqw[&rvrI 1764 iv`c
lwhOr ’qy hmlw kIqw ijs iv`c lwhOr dy hwkm KuAwjw AbId KW dy
idvwn kwblI m`l qoN hrI isMG BMgI ny eIn mnvweI[iesy dOrwn bu`Fw
dl dy isMGW ijnHW ’c BweI bGyl isMG vI Swml sI ny jmnw pwr dy gMg
duAwb ’qy jw h`lw boilAw[ie`QoN dy keI SihrW ijvyN shwrnpur, dyaubMd,
nzIbwbwd, muj&r ngr, murwdwbwd, Awid dy nvwb bVy AXwSI Aqy
bdcln sn[ienHW D`ky nwL ihMdUAW dIAW bhUu-bytIAW Awpxy hrmW
iv`c r`KIAW hoeIAW sn[ienHW SihrW dI lu`t smyN isMGW ny lVkIAW
nUM CufwieAw[ipAwrw isMG pdm ilKdy hn ik cMdrw ihMdU smwj aunHW
bhUu-bytIAW nUM Awpxy iv`c Swml krn leI iqAwr nhIN sI, isMGW dy
dl ny aunHW lVkIAW qoN Bojn bxvw ky Awp CikAw qy swry ihMdUAW nUM
CkwieAw[ i&r grIb invwj ^wlsy ny aunHW nUM ‘AwpxIAW DIAW’ AwK ky
qy hzwrW rupey dy ky Gro GrI qoirAw (sMKyp is`K ieiqhws, pMnw 105)[
AbdwlI sqvIN vwr dsMbr 1764 iv`c ihMd ’qy Pyr &Oj cVHw ky
lwhOr phuMicAw[isMGW gurmqw kr PYslw kIqw ik ^wlsw hrn ho jwvy
Aqy AweI musIbq twl dvy[ies hmly dOrwn AbdwlI hirmMdr swihb
Fwhuxw cwhuMdw sI, ij`QoN is`KI nUM bl imldw hY[

BweI gurbKS isMG Aqy isMGW dI Shwdq

BweI gurbKS isMG aus smyN AMimRqsr sRI drbwr swihb ivKy
sn[gurmqw pRvwn hox smyN ienHW h`Q joV AwiKAw, “swfI gurU dy duAwry
ShId hox dI qIbr ie`Cw hY, ies leI aunHW isMGW au~qy pMQk gurmqw
lwgU nw kro jo aunHW vWg socdy hn[” pRvwngI imlx ’qy aunHW ny ieauN
vMgwr pweI:

(78)
 .....hY koeI isMG ies pMQ mJwrI, lwie sIs krY drgwh pukwr,
so pukwr aus mMny krqwr[
BweI gurb^S isMG bVy hTI, jqI, jpI AOr qpI, ipMf lIl
(AMimRqsr) dy vsnIk sn Aqy ShId BweI mnI isMG jI h`QoN aunHW
AMimRqpwn kIqw sI[ienHW nwL 30 ku isMG in`qry ijnHW dy ihridAW nUM
BweI swihb dI pukwr tuMb geI sI[bwkI isMG l`KI jMgl vl inkl gey[
AbdwlI nUM AMimRqsr vl vDdw sux ienHW ieSnwnpwn kr in`q
nym dIAW bwxIAW pVHIAW Aqy Ssqr bsqr szw Ardwsw soD twkry
leI iqAwr br iqAwr ho gey[ie`k pwsy 30 hzwr igljy Aqy dUjy pwsy
gurU dy 30 ku isMG[ienHW dI Ardws dy Sbd sn:
hirmMdr ky hjUr ies KV kr krI Ardws[
siqgur is`KI sMg inBY sIs kysn ky swQ[(48)
iglijAW ny bcwau dw shwrw lYNidAW ienHW isMGW vl qIr clwauNxy
SurU kr id`qy pr BweI gurb^S isMG ny AwiKAw, “isMGo! mUMh lukw ky
nhIN snmuK ho ky lVnw hY[ieM\ BweI gurbKS isMG smyq swry isMGW
ny rx iv`c jUJidAW AMq nUM srIr iqAwg id`qy[jMgnwmw jo 1765 iv`c
ricAw, ilKx vwlw kwjI nUr muhMmd ies muihMm iv`c AbdwlI dw hm-
rkwb sI[ auh ilKdw hY ik iehnW qIs b`br SyrW dy dgdgy ichirAW
au`qy nw kqlyAwm dw fr sI, nw mOq dw BYA[ ieM\ ienHW isMGW ny jugo
jug At`l sRI Akwl q^q swihb jo BgqI dw somw hY Aqy sRI hirmMdr
swihb jo BgqI (pIrI) dw cwnx munwrw hY Afol ho ky sUrmgqI pRwpq
kIqI[aunHW dy idlW dI pukwr ieho sI:
pMjwb dOlq Xwih qy is`K Kwih, d`KxI p`CmI ikm lY jwih[
bcn isMG sun gur KuS Bey, qQw Asqu siqgur bc khy[
ies qrHW ienHW isMGW ny ibrd bwxy dI lwj r`KI[dsvyN pwqSwh ny
mugl rwj dIAW sPW vlytx leI ieh kwrj ^wlsy nUM nWdyV ivKy sONipAw
sI[bMdw isMG bhwdr dy nwl bcn iblws smyN siqgurW PurmwieAw sI,
‘muglW dI cIr hux drgwh iv`c pwt cu`kI hY (ijn kI cIrI drgih
pwtI iqnHW mrxw BweI)[

(79)
 so BweI bGyl isMG vI gurW dy SbdW nUM mu`K rK id`lI Pqih
krn leI qqpr rihMdw sI[jykr aunHW nUM koeI pu`Cdw ik QoVHI ijhI
igxqI nwL qUM id`lI ikvyN hiQAw lvyNgw qW auh mu`KoN aucwrdw, “mYN nhIN
hiQAwauxI id`lI, gurU ny hiQAw ky dyxI hY”[

(80)
 AiDAwie 4
id`lI &qih krnI
BweI bGyl isMG is`KI ivrsy dy AwdrS Aqy AsUl gRihx kr
ky h`k, s`c, iensw& Aqy praupkwrqw leI gurU Awsry bVw lMbw
smW jUJdw irhw[ies gOrvmeI Aqy AmIr ivrsy dw inSwnw ‘grIb
dI r`iKAw Aqy jrvwxy dI B`iKAw’ sI[is`KI dw isDWq h`kI lVweI,
Awqm ivSvwS, Afolqw dI bulMdI qy inrvYrqw nUM rUpmwn krdw hY[ies
isDWq nUM mu`K r`K ky gurU dw ^wlsw hMkwrIAW, ivkwrIAW, GmMfIAW,
gumwnIAW Aqy zwlmW dI suDweI leI hmySw qqpr rihMdw hY[bGyl isMG
jo gurU dw nUrw, is`KI dw sUrw Aqy bcnW ’c pUrw sI dy mn iv`c id`lI
’qy &qih pw ky gurU swihbwn ny ij`Qy ikqy crn pwey, ShwdqW id`qIAW
Aqy sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI dy mihlW ny vsybw kIqw, pRqI jwxkwrI lY
ky, auQy gurdAwry swihbwn auswrn leI bVI hI qIbr ie`Cw, iK`c Aqy
pRym sI[pr ieh kwrj koeI sOKw nhIN sI, ikauNik id`lI mugl rwj dI
rwjDwnI sI[aus smyN ihMdusqwn AMdr cwry pwsy muglW dw bol bwLw
sI Aqy auh bVI v`fI &Oj dy mwlk sn[ hr koeI hkUmq dw p`KI Aqy
m`ddgwr sI[gurbwxI dy bol hn:
ijs hI kI isrkwr hY iqs hI kw sBu koie[(27)
hor qW hor Awpxw kMm k`Fx leI bMdw supny vI smyN dI srkwr dy hI
lYNdw hY:
ijs kw rwju iqsY kw supnw](179)
dUjy pwsy isMGW dI igxqI Awty ’c lUx brwbr sI[auh Gr Gwt
qoN vWJy sn Aqy p`qw p`qw aunHW dw vYrI sI[pr gurU ikRpw sdkw auh
Swsqr Aqy Ssqr dy pujwrI sn[dunIAW AMdr ieh dovyN qwkqW bVIAW
blvwn hn[Dwrimk Swsqr dw igAwn Drm iv`c prp`k, r`bI pRym Aqy
Awqmk bl pYdw krn dw mhwn somw hY jd ik Ssqr rKvwlI Aqy
rwj Bwg dI pRwpqI leI shweI huMdy hn[gurU swihb ny isMGW nUM ieh
is`iKAw id`qI sI[isMGo!

(81)
 ‘SsqRn ky ADIn hY rwj
jo nw kryy ienkI pRiqpwln,
iqn ky ibgry s`By kwj[
aunHW kysW ’qy SsqrW dI mhwnqw drswauNdy ieQoN q`k kih id`qw:
ibnw kys SsqRM nrM Byf jwxo[ghy kwn qW ko khIN ly isDwno[
ieho mor AwigAw suno ly ipAwry[ibnw kys SsqRM dyhuM nw iddwry[

id`lI ’qy pihlw hmlw

srdwr bGyl isMG &Oj smyq gMgw, duAwb lMG jnvrI dy SurU ’c
jdoN kVwky dI TMF pY rhI sI, id`lI kol jw phuMicAw, pr muglW dy SwhI
drbwr AMdr ies nUM rokx dw hOslw nw ipAw[mugl &Oj mukwbly ’qy nw
Awaux kwrn is`K &Oj id`lI AMdr dwKl ho geI[18 jnvrI 1774 nUM
is`KW ny A`DI rwq q`k SwDrw ’c bVI lu`t-mwr kIqI[ienHW muglW dy
kihMdy khwauNdy 50 bMdy vI Awpxy kwbU kr ley[fwktr hrI rwm gupqw
ilKdy hn ik ausy rwq dwA qkw ky vjIrwbwd ipMf dy gu`jrW ny vI
keI ielwikAW ’c AmIrW pwsoN kwPI Dn lu`itAw[jdoN bwdSwh nUM ies
AnHyr grdI dI ^br imlI qW aus ny is`KW nUM bulwieAw Aqy AwiKAw ik
myrI m`dd kro[ies ny 10 hjwr GoVy, Swhbwjpur dw ielwkw Aqy bGyl
isMG nUM kImqI iK`lq vI ByNt krn dI g`l AwKI, pr Abdu`l Aihd
KW mjId-aud-dOlw dy AYn aus smyN phuMcx kr ky ieh qjvIz isry nw
cVHI[ Abdu`l Aihd KW cMgI SKSIAq dw mwlk sI, suBwA dw suSIl,
dUijAW nUM g`lW bwqW ’c mMqR mug`D krn vwlw, im`T-bolVw Aqy AfMbrI
sI, pr is`KW ny aus vKq koeI D`kw nhIN kIqw Aqy nw hI iksy lwlc
iv`c Aw ky kuJ pRwpq hI kIqw[ieh id`lI C`f ky ies dy Awly-duAwLy
hI mwrW mwrdy rhy[id`lI dy bwdSwh ny kIqI ies m`dd bdly Abdu`l
Aihd KW nUM srihMd dw &Ojdwr lgw id`qw Aqy smrU nW dy ivAkqI
nUM ies dw ifptI (shwiek) QwipAw[ieh sB kuJ bwdSwh ny is`KW qoN
bcwA leI kIqw[
AkqUbr 1774 iv`c Abd`ul Aihd KW ny is`KW nUM ie`k vwr Pyr
Brmwaux dw Xqn kIqw[g`l bwq dOrwn ies ny rwey isMG bhwdr,
bwG isMG bhwdr, dulcw isMG bhwdr Aqy suMdr isMG bhwdr nUM p`qr

(82)
iliKAw ik AsIN quhwnUM swmrwj dI &Oj iv`c BrqI krn nUM iqAwr
hW[hr ie`k srdwr ADIn ie`k hzwr GoV svwr Aqy 500 pYdl sYink
hoxgy[hr GoV svwr nUM 30 rupey Aqy pYdl nUM 5 rupey mhInw qnKwh
dyvWgy[ies dI ieh cwl is`KW ’c vMfIAW pw ky aunHW dI SkqI nUM kmzor
krn vwlI sI[pr gurU dy is`KW ny koeI lwlc nw kIqw Aqy aus dy Bylsy
’c nhIN Awey[is`KW nUM id`lI ’c vVn qoN rokx leI id`lI pqI ny AvD
dy rwjy qoN vI m`dd mMgI pr auh kmzor idl hox kr ky shwieqw leI
A`gy nw AwieAw[is`K &Oz SwhjhWbwd dy nyVy hI GuMmdI iPrdI sI[
is`K &OzW dI ivroDqw dw AMdwzw qW pMjwb dy pRis`D kvI s`Xd
vwrS Swh dy rcy ik`sy ‘hIr rWJy’ qoN vI pwTk jn lgw skdy hn[auh
is`KW dI ienklwbI jmwq nUM ‘BUq mMflI’ AwKdw hY:
ATwrW sY bweIsIAw sMmqW dw rwjy ibkrmjIq dy swl hoeI[
qdoN dyS dy j`t srdwr Awhy, Gro GrI jw nvIN srkwr hoeI[
ipAw mulk dy iv`c sI bVw rOlw, hr iksy dy h`Q qlvwr hoeI[
AsrwP, Krwb, kmIx, qwzI, izmIdwr nUM v`fI bhwr hoeI[
cor, cODrI, Xwr ny pwk dwmn, BUq mMflI ie`k dU cwr hoeI[
ijs vwrsSwh ny pMjwb dIAW DIAW nUM muglW dy cu`kx Aqy gulwm
bxwaux ip`CoN rox kurlwaux sMbMDI AwpxI kivqw iv`c fwFy vYx pwey,
ijs ny lhU dI BrI Jnwb dI g`l kIqI, ipAwrw isMG pdm ilKdy hn
ik auh muglW qoN DIAW Cfwaux vwilAW nUM ‘BUq mMflI’ ilKdw hY, sgoN
auh qW mulk nUM icrW qoN icMbVy BUqW qoN KihVw Cufw rhy sn[auh qW ienHW
nUM dyS ’coN k`F ky lokW nUM suqMqrqw dy gwfI rwh ’qy pw rhy sI[

id`lI ’qy dUjw hmlw

srdwr bGyl isMG ny 1775 eIsvI iv`c id`lI ’qy dUjI vwr cVHweI
kIqI[Abd`ul Aihd KW Aqy isMGW iv`c SWqI r`Kx leI c`l rhI g`l
bwq tu`t cu`kI sI[is`K &Oz krnwl kol ie`kTI hoeI bYTI sI[ies &Oz nUM
rwey isMG BMgI, qwrw isMG gYbw f`lyvwlIAw Aqy bGyl isMG kRoVisMGIAw
dI ihPwzq hyT iqMn BwgW ’c j`QybMd kr id`qw igAw sI[ienHW 22
ApRYl 1775 nUM jmnw pwr kIqI[isAwsq dy rMg dyKo id`lI dy bwdSwh
dw Kws Xwr Aqy idldwr Abd`ul Aihmd KW ny ies dy vzIr nzw& KW

(83)
nUM Kqm krn leI jwbIqw KW nUM bulwieAw qy aus nUM slwh id`qI ik qUM
A&gwnW nUM ie`kTw kr ky nzwP KW dw kMfw k`F dy[ pr ies ny g`l nw
mMnI[jwbIqw KW id`lI dy bwdSwh dI &Oj iv`c Swml ho igAw[pr ijauN
hI ies ny suixAw ik isMG kMjpurw vloN id`lI ’qy cVH ky Aw rhy hn qW
ieh fr ky mIAW BweI Kwn dI gVHI iv`c jw luikAw[
aus smyN isMGW dw dbdbw, fr Aqy DWk muglW ’qy AYsI sI ik
Agr 50 isMGW dw jQw ikqy jw irhw huMdw sI qW 500 muglW dw aunHW
au~qy hmlw krn leI ihAW nhIN sI pYNdw[ies vyly isMG jmnw qoN lY
ky isMD B`Kr q`k Aqy d`Kx vl mulqwn qoN lY ky au`qr dIAW iSvwlk
phwVIAW q`k Cwey hoey sn[ (ipAwrw isMG pdm)
ies qrHW isMGW dI qlvwr ny ihMd dI srh`d nUM ctwn vWg mzbUq
bxw id`qw sI[AMgryz jnrl bwrkr (General Barker) ny srdwr JMfw
isMG BMgI nUM 19 Agsq 1771 dy idn ilKy p`qr iv`c ieh Kws Sbd ilKy:
It is clear that as long as the khalisah is on the watch, no one can
match upon Hindostan unoposed.
Bwv ieh sw& idKweI ieMdw hY ik ijqnw icr ^wlsw srh`d dI
rwKI kr irhw hY, koeI vI ihMdusqwn vl cVH ky Awaux vwlw ibnw
mukwbly nhIN muV skdw[
rwey isMG BMgU Aqy qwrw isMG gYbw dy j`Qy keI idn id`lI dy Awly-
duAwly dy ielwikAW iv`c muglW nwL iBVdy rhy Aqy AwKIr nUM zwbIqw
KW dy ielwky gONsgVH phuMc gey[ieQy zwbIqw KW ny isMGW dI Srn leI
Aqy aunHW dI m`dd leI d`KxI id`lI vl nUM nwL igAw[30 ApRYl 1775
dw ie`k p`qr ibAwn krdw hY ik jwbIqw KW dI AgvweI iv`c is`K id`lI
dy nyVy h`lw-gu`lw mcw rhy hn[jmnw dy dUjy pwsy mrh`ty nvwb Aws&-
aud-dOlw leI prySwnI dw kwrn bxy hoey hn[
15 julweI 1775 nUM bGyl isMG dI kmWf hyT isMG id`lI ’c dwKl
ho gey[ienHW phwVgMj Aqy jY isMG purw dw ielwkw swV id`qw[mugl
&OjW ny QoVHw ijhw mukwblw kIqw Aqy dohW iDrW dy 60 dy krIb POjI mwry
gey[dUjy pwsy jwbIqw KW &Oz lY d`KxI id`lI ’c Gus igAw pr nwjIb
KW qoN hwr igAw ijs kwrn isMGW nUM id`lI iqAwgxI peI[

(84)
 id`lI q^q dI pitAwly vl cVHweI
njwP KW ny Brqpur Aqy Alvr dy rwizAW dI qwkq nSt
kr id`qI sI[mrwTy AMgryzW nwL jUJ rhy sn, AihmdSwh AbdwlI
mr cu`ikAw sI Aqy ausdw pu`q qYmUr Swh AOkVW ’c PisAw hoieAw
sI[fwktr hrI rwm gupqw dy kQn Anuswr 1779 iv`c ihMdusqwn
AMdr is`KW dI cVHq dw fMkw v`j irhw sI[ is`K srdwrW ny kYQl dy
rwjw BweI dysU isMG dy dUq nwL imL ky sqluj, lwhOr Aqy mulqwn
ij`qx dI slwh kIqI[Abdu`l Aihd KW (mjd-aud-dOlw) ny vI is`KW
dI bxweI Xojnw svIkwr kIqI[pr pitAwly dw rwjw Amr isMG, ijs
dy idl iv`c Kot sI Aqy is`K srdwrW dw hmySw ivroD krdw sI ny
Abd`ul Aihd KW nUM ic`TI ilK ByjI ik AwpW imL ky iehnW srdwrW
dw mlIAw-myt kr dyeIey[Asl iv`c Awlw isMG dw kbIlw rwj-pRwpqI
dw Bu`Kw sI Aqy hY vI[
Abd`ul Aihd KW 18 jUn 1779 nUM 50 hzwr sYink Aqy 200 qopW
lY pitAwly vl c`ilAw[ies dy nwL sihzwdw imrjw jhwn Swh PrKuMdw
b^q (AilAws PrKuMdw AKqwr) vI sI[qkrIbn 29 julweI nUM ieh
pwxIpq dy lwgy A`pV gey[ krnwl ivKy Abdu`l Aihd ny bGyl isMG,
dIvwn isMG, krm isMG Aqy swihb isMG Kodw nwL myl kIqw, BwvyN
sihzwdw is`KW nwL imlwp qoN nwKuS sI[krnwl dy mMny-pRmMny ijmINdwr
gjpq isMG dy id`lI pqI nwl cMgy sMbMD hox kr ky sihzwdw ies dy
mihl ’c TihirAw[ srdwr bGyl isMG bVw cqr Aqy skImI sI[
gjpq isMG ies nwL Kwr KWdw sI[bGyl isMG ny Abdu`l Aihd nUM
ikhw ik jy qUM Awpxw Blw cwhuMdw hY qW gjpq isMG nUM kYdI bxw lY Aqy
aus qoN nzrwnw augrwh[nvwb ny bGyl isMG dI g`l mMn gjpq isMG nUM
kYdI bxw ilAw Aqy Cu`tx leI do l`K rupey mMgy[
qihmws KW imskIn jo ies muihMm ’c Swml sI ilKdw hY, id`lI
drbwr vloN gjpq isMG krnwl ijlHy dw rwj pRbMD ip`Cly 20 swlW qoN
sMBwl irhw sI[ Swhjwdy PrKuMdw bKq dy kihx qy gjpq isMG Abd`ul
Aihd dw mu`K ivSvws pwqr bx igAw Aqy hr kMm iv`c ie`ko ie`k
slwhkwr sI[....ieh A`gy ilKdw hY ik BwvyN Abdu`l bhuq hI isAwxw,
qzrbykwr, swihq Aqy ieiqhws dw jwxkwr sI pr is`K srdwrW dy

(85)
D`ky cVH ky ieh AwpxI dUr idRStI vwlI qIKx bu`DI guAw bYTw sI[ies
kwrn ieh Awpxy hmilAW iv`c kwmXwb nhIN ho sikAw[
Abd`ul Aihd vrKw ru`q ^qm hox ’qy 9 sqMbr nUM krnwl qoN
c`ilAw[ies ny bGyl isMG nUM AwiKAw ik kYQl dy rwjy dysU isMG nUM mYnUM
imlwau ikauNik Amr isMG aus nUM qMg kr irhw hY[dysU isMG nvwb nUM
Qwnysr ivKy imilAw Aqy kuJ njwr vI ByNt kIqI[ies bdly nvwb ny
aus nUM iK`lq id`qI[pr nvwb ny dysU isMG qoN 3 l`K rupey nzwr leI,
Aqy AwpxI pkV ’coN irhw kIqw[
7 AkqUbr 1779 nUM Abdu`l Aqy PrKuMdw bKq ny svyr v^q hI
pitAwly ’qy jw h`lw boilAw[dohW iDrW dirimAwn gihg`f lVweI
hoeI[iqMn idnW dI lVweI auprMq vI frwkl nvwb pitAwly dy iklHy
’qy Awpxw kbzw nw jmw sikAw[id`lI qoN cVHI &Oj q`k mhwrwjw
pitAwlw ny AwpxI m`dd leI j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIey nUM ieh kih ky
bulw ilAw ik mYN quhwfy GoV-svwr nUM ie`k rupeIAw pRqI idn qnKwh
dyvWgw[ srdwr j`sw isMG hor srdwrW nUM nwl lY ky v`fI igxqI iv`c
s`dy Anuswr phuMc igAw[ieqny nUM Abdu`l Aihd nUM ^br imLI ik do
l`K dy krIb is`K Amr isMG dI m`dd ’qy phuMc cu`ky hn qW ies ny aus
smyN srdwr bGyl isMG nwL slwh mSvrw kIqw ik hux mYN kI krW[
bGyl isMG A`q drjy dw nIqIvwn nwiek sI[auh au~proN au~proN BwvyN
nvwb dy nwL sI pr idloN nhIN sI cwhuMdw mYN muglW qoN Amr isMG dI
ip`T luAw dyvW[srdwr ny nvwb nUM ikhw, “j`sw isMG AhlUvwlIAw do
l`K &Oj lY ky mwlyrkotly pws bYTw hY[qyry leI hux ieh hI TIk hY ik
qUM vwps id`lI cilAw jwvyN[bGyl isMG ny ieh suJwA vI id`qw ik qUM
Awpxy bcwA leI mwJy dy isMGW dI mu`TI grm kr qW qYnUM auh id`lI jwx
leI rsqw dyxgy[”
nvwb bVI Gbrwht iv`c sI[mrdw kI nhIN krdw[ies ny 3 l`K
rupey jo dysU isMG kYQl vwly qoN nzwr dy qOr ’qy ley sn auh srdwr
bGyl isMG nUM dy id`qy[bGyl isMG ny ies rwSI iv`coN 10 hzwr rupey
srdwr j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIey nUM id`qy, 5 hzwr qwrw isMG gYbw nUM Aqy
7 hzwr jY isMG knHIAw nUM dy id`qy Aqy bwkI Awp r`K ley[(fwktr hrI
rwm gupqw, ihstrI Aw& dI isKm Bwg III, 1980, pMnw 117)[

(86)
 PrvrI 1783 iv`c id`lI ’qy hmlw krn dI BweI bGyl isMG
ny Xojnw bxweI[srdwr j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIey ny BweI swihb dw
pUrn swQ id`qw[^wlsy dy mnW AMdr id`lI ’qy &qih pwauxI hr smyN
vsI rihMdI sI[id`lI dI muglIAw hkUmq hmySw is`KI dw ivroD krdI
sI[bwbr ikAW dIAW is`KW au`pr in`q kIqIAW jw rhIAW DWdlIAW,
AprwDW, KunwmIAW, zbrW Awid pRqI ^wlsy dw BWfw pUrI qrHW Br cu`kw
sI[id`lI dy q^q qy &qih pwauxI BwvyN bVw v`fw ksOtI BirAw kdm
sI[BweI bGyl isMG pihlW id`lI ’qy kIqy hmilAW ’c cwhy kwmXwb
nhIN sI ho sikAw pr aus ny hOslw nhIN sI hwirAw[auh qW gurU
klgIDr dSmyS ipqw dy bcnW ’qy tyk r`KI bYTw sI:
ien gRIb isKXn ko dXYN pwqSwhI[ Xwh Xwd rKYN hmrI guirAweI[
(pRwcIn pMQ pRkwS, BMgU)
ijn kI jwq vrx kul mwhIN[ srdwrI nihN BeI kdwhIN[
ien hI ko srdwr bnwaUN[qbY goibMd isMG nwm sdwaUN[
bMdy dy jIvn AMdr ij`q-hwr huMdI rihMdI hY pr idl vwly ienswn
kdy hwr nUM hwr nhIN mMndy ijvyN kvI hrIbMs rwey bcn dy bol hn:
koiSS krn vwly kI kBI hwr nhIN hoqI[
lihroN sy fr kr kBI nOkw pwr nhIN hoqI[
nMnI cItI jb dwnw lykr clqI hY,
cVHqI hY dIvwroN pr sO vwr iPslqI hY[
mn kw ivSvwS rgoN myN swhs Brqw hY,
cVH kr igrnw, igr kr cVHnw nw A`Krqw hY
AwiKr aus kI imhnq bykwr nhIN hoqI[
koiSS krn vwly kI kBI hwr nhIN hoqI[
inrsMdyh id`lI ’qy &qih pwaux leI BweI bGyl isMG lgwqwr jUJ
irhw sI pr pRBU dI klw qoN vgYr sUrw kuJ vI pRwpq nhIN kr skdw jYsy:
Aiq sUrw jy koaU khwvY[pRB kI klw ibnw kih DwvY[(282)
jdoN pRBU imhr kr idMdw hY qW:
AYsI lwl quJ ibn kvn krY]
gRIb invwj gusweIAw myrw mwQY CqR DrY[

(87)
 id`lI Sihr
sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI ny mugl bwdSwh AOrMgzyb nUM j&rnwmy
dI dUjI ihkwXq iv`c id`lI Sihr vswaux dw vrnx kIqw sI[aunHW
drswieAw ik ie`k mwnDwqw nwmI rwjw sI[ ijs dy cwr pu`qr sn[aumr
v`fI huMdI dyK aus ny A`gy rwj Bwg sMBwlx leI Awpxy vzIrW nwl
AklmMd pu`qr dI cox leI slwh mSvrw kIqw[ies ip`CoN rwjy ny vzIrW
dI sBw bulweI Aqy ies iv`c Awpxy cwry pu`qrW nUM zrI nwl jVIAW
sunihrI kursIAW ’qy bYTwieAw[vjIrW dI drsweI ivauNq ’qy Aml
kridAW pihly pu`qr nUM 10 hzwr hwQI sony dIAW jMjIrW nwL jVy hoey
kuJ ielwikAW smyq id`qy[dUjy nUM 5 l`K GoVy zrI dIAW kwTIAW vwly qy
qIjy nUM ie`k l`K aUT ielwikAW smyq rwj Bwg vDwaux leI id`qy[cOQy
nUM ijs dw nW dlIp sI ie`k mUMgI dw dwxw qy A`Dw CoilAW dw dwxw Aqy
kuJ ielwkw id`qw[pr dlIp ny soc ivcwr ky ikhw ik mYnUM CoilAW dy
A`Dy dwxy dI bjwey aus dy Bwr dw ie`k pUrw dwxw dy idau[
ds swl ip`CoN jd prK hoeI qW mwnDwqw ny vzIrW nUM AwiKAw ik
mYnUM auh kwgz ’qy ilKI ilKq idKwau ik ienHW puqrW nUM kI kuJ id`qw
sI[auh ilKq pVH mwnDwqw ny v`fy lVky nUM pu`iCAw ik pu`qr A`j qoN
10 swl pihlW qYnUM hzwrW hwQI id`qy sn hux qyry pws kI hY? aus ny
au~qr id`qw, ipqw jI bhuq swry hwQI jMgW ’c mwry gey Aqy kuJ dwn
kr id`qy[dUjy Aqy qIjy pu`qr ny vI id`qy GoiVAW Aqy aUTW sMbMDI AYsw hI
au~qr id`qw[cOQy pu`qr dlIp isMG qoN id`qy dwixAW Aqy ielwikAW bwry
svwl kIqw qW aus AwiKAw, “ipqw jI! mYN CoilAW Aqy mUMgI dy dwxy
bIjy, KyqI kIqI Aqy swlW b`DI kmweI kr ky 5 l`K GoVy, iqMn l`K aUT
jo bhuq hI suMdr hn KRIdy Aqy hor Dn dOlq vI bxweI hY[
gurU swihb ny j&rnwmy AMdr dlIp isMG dI cMgI nyk Aqy imhnq
BrpUr kwrvweI nUM ieM\ ibAwinAW:
vjW dwl nau Shr Awzm bubsq]
ik nwmy AzW Sihr idhlI Sud Asq](òö)
Bwv dlIp isMG ny CoilAW ijs dI dwl bxdI hY dy dwxy qoN id`lI
Sihr vswieAw hY[ (ijs jgHw dw AY AOrMgzyb qUM bwdSwh hYN)[

(88)
 idgr dwnh r bsq mUMgI ptn]
co dosqW psMd Asqu dSmn i&kn](ò÷)
Bwv mUMgI dy dwxy qoN mUMg ptn (ptnw) Sihr vswieAw ijhVw sB
im`qrW nUM psMd hY Aqy (AOrMgzyb BwvyN qYnUM auh ptnw psMd nhIN) ij`Qy
swfw jnm hoieAw hY[
KuS Awmd b qdbIr mwno mhIp]
iKqwbS b do dwd rwjh mhIp](50)
Bwv dlIp dI Akl qy jugqI dyK mwnDwqw rwjw ny aus nUM qKq
dw qwj dy id`qw Aqy Awp sMswrI bMDnW qoN auprwm ho pRBU dI BgqI krn
leI mihl mwVIAW C`f jMglW ’c cilAw igAw[
ieM\ siqgurW ny AOrMgzyb bwdSwh nUM kMn krn leI smJwieAw ik
ijs id`lI dy qKq dw qUM mwlk hYN auh dlIp dy nyk kwrnwimAW, imhnq
qy muSkl nwL ieh Sihr hoNd iv`c AwieAw sI[pr qUM bu`Fw ho igAw
hYN Aqy Ajy vI JUT, &ryb, dgw, hMkwr, ivkwr Aqy pwp krno nhIN
tldw[mwlk dI drgwh ’c qYnUM ieh swrw ihswb ikqwb dyxw pYxw hY[
bwbr qoN lY ky ijqny mugl bwdSwh id`lI dy q^q ’qy bYTy sB
ny ihMdUAW Aqy is`KW dw Gwx kIqw[auprMq AMgryzW ny vI G`t nhIN
kIqI[dyS dI AwzwdI leI bVw KUn fuilHAw[duK dI g`l AwzwdI auprMq
vI ijqnIAW srkwrW hux q`k id`lI dy q^q ’qy kwbz rhIAW sB ny
is`KW nUM kIqI kurbwnI dw h`k Aqy ienswP qW kI dyxw sI sgoN is`KW
nUM Kqm krn leI hI Xqn kIqy qy kr rhIAW hn[ieh AikRqGxqw
dI v`fI imswl hY[is`KW ny dyS dI AwzwdI leI 93 pRqISq kurbwnIAW
id`qIAW[sRI gurU qyg bhwdr jI ny ihMdU Drm bcwaux leI Awpxw sIs
ihMdU Drm dI rwKI leI id`lI jw ky ktvw id`qw[lVweI aus vKq vI
s`c qy JUT dI sI Aqy A`j vI jwrI hY[
smyN dIAW srkwrW ny is`K pMQ dy mhwn ShIdW dIAW id`qIAW
kurbwnIAW vwlIAW QwvW ’qy msIqW bxw id`qIAW sn qW ik Awaux
vwlIAW nslW nUM ienHW bwry koeI igAwn nw hovy[pr gurU SkqI bVI
mhwn hY, gurU joq hmySw leI Amr hY, gurU s`cy-su`cy is`K dy sdw AMg-
sMg rihMdw hY, auh is`K qoN Drm dw kMm krwaux leI aus dy mn AMdr

(89)
idRVqw vwlI soc pYdw kr idMdw hY Aqy bl bKS ky ij`q dy fMky bjvw
idMdw hY[gurbwxI dy mhW bol hn:
mnu bycY siqgur kY pwis]iqsu syvk ky kwrj rwis[(286)

id`lI dy nwiebW ivckwr JgVw

id`lI dy bwdSwh ny is`KW nwL 1781 iv`c ie`k smJOqy dOrwn jmnw
dy p`Cm pwsy aunHW dI hkUmq dI g`l pRvwn kr leI pr bwdSwh dy
vzIr njw& KW ny kMjpury koL Awpxy BqIjy imrzw muhMmd swPI KW nUM
is`KW ’qy A`K r`Kx leI &Oj dy ky ibTw id`qw[is`KW ny ies nUM psMd nw
kIqw Aqy id`lI ’qy hmlw krn leI iqAwrI kr leI[AwpxI m`dd
leI ienHW jY isMG knHeIAw ny SwPI nUM 10 hzwr &Oj dy ky isMGW ’qy
hmlw krn leI ByijAw[pr 6 ApRYl 1682 nUM ieh mr igAw[ieh
mugl hkUmq dw AwKrI AmIr vzIr sI[
njwP KW dI mOq auprMq qwkq hwsl krn leI cwr jixAW
(A&risAwb KW, nzwP kulI KW, imrjw muhMmd swPI KW Aqy muhMmd
byg hmQwnI) iv`ckwr KUn folHvIN jMg iCV geI[
AwKIr ApRYl 1782 qoN nvMbr q`k mhwdjI isMDIAw id`lI dw
ifktytr bixAw irhw[ies dy smyN vI KUnI lVweI bMd nw hoeI[ mugl
&Oj kmzor huMdI geI Aqy is`KW leI ieh g`l bVI shwiek bxI[is`K
&OjW ny mOkw qwV ky id`lI qoN hrdvwr q`k dw ielwkw lu`itAw[id`lI dw
sbzI mMfI, prqwpgMj Aqy d`Kx vl Kujrw q`k AwpxI lpyt ’c lY
ilAw[sr jwdUnwQ ilKdy hn ik is`KW dI ies qwkq nUM Q`mHx leI id`lI
srkwr As&l rhI[

bGyl isMG dw gMgw duAwb Aqy gVHvwl ’qy kbzw

jnvrI 1783 iv`c bGyl isMG ny AnUp Sihr, bulMd Sihr dy
ielwky sr kr ley[ieh ruhylKMf v`l vDxw cwhuMdw sI pr AvD dy
nvwb dIAW &OjW Aqy AMgRyz krnl nufsn (Knudson) dI &Oj auQy
phuMcx kwrn A`gy v`Dx dw ierwdw iqAwg id`qw[jI. Awr. ivlIAm,
klk`qw rivaU 1875, pMnw 39 ’qy drz krdw hY ik is`K &Oz iSvwlk
ihlz v`l iksy rok tok dy vDI Aqy gVHvwl dy ielwky fyhrwdUn phuMc

(90)
geI[ gVHvwl dy rwjy ny is`KW dI eIn mMn 4000 rupey swlwnw dyxw
pRvwn kr ilAw[aus smyN ieh rkm bVI v`fI sI[ AMgryz ilKwrI
Porstr ilKdw hY ik gVHvwl dy rwjy ny do is`K GoV svwrW jo ieh Dn
lYx phuMcy dw rwj kumwrW vWg siqkwr kIqw Aqy auh nzwrw ieqnw
AdBu`q sI ik myrw idl is`K bxn nUM kIqw[ hor qW hor nwhn dw rwjw
Awpxy Awp nUM bVw SkqISwlI khwauNdw sI aus ny vI isMGW dy A`gy gofy
tyk id`qy Aqy iKrwz (nzrwnw) dyxw kbUl kr ilAw[
BweI bGyl isMG hoxW ny jwx ilAw ik hux mugl SkqI hIxI,
mIxI Aqy nqwxI ho cu`kI hY[ies dw hwl hux buJ rhy dIvy vWg hY Aqy
au`qrI Bwrq dy ielwky iv`c aus smyN icrW qoN bwrSW nw hox kr ky kwL
vrgI hwlq bxI hoeI hY[BweI bGyl isMG Aqy j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw
60 hzwr &Oj lY ky id`lI pwr kr gwjIAwbwd phuMc gey[ienHW bulMd
Sihr, Kujrw, id`lI dI dwxw mMfI Aqy iGau mMfI nUM burI qrHW lu`itAw
Aqy qihS-nihS kIqw[igAwnI igAwn isMG Anuswr auQoN dy lok Gr
bwr C`f ky jwnW bcw dOV gey[is`KW ny AmIrW nUM pkV ky bMnH ilAw[
auprMq cwdr DrqI ’qy ib`Cw ky hukm kIqw ik jo quhwfy pws Dn hY aus
dw dsvW ih`sw gurU dy nW ’qy pwau[hrI rwm gupqw muqwbk ie`k l`K
dy krIb ie`kTy hoey Aqy isMGW ny ieh swrI mwieAw hirmMdr swihb
AMimRqsr Byj id`qI[iPr ienHW PrUKwbwd, iSkohwbwd Aqy Awgrw lu`itAw
Aqy h`Q AwieAw kImqI mwl 20 hzwr &Oj smyq pMjwb nUM Byj id`qw[

id`lI lu`txI Aqy lwl iklHy v`l cVHweI

BweI bGyl isMG dI kmWf hyT 40 hzwr ^wlsw &Oj ny jmnw dy
brwVI Gwt ’qy jw fyrw lwieAw[9 mwrc 1783 nUM mlkw gMj Aqy sbzI
mMfI ’qy h`lw bol ienHW ielwikAW AMdr qbwhI mcw id`qI[ Sihzwdw
imrjw iSkoh ny mihqwbpur ivKy isMGW nUM vMgwirAw Aqy twkrw kIqw pr
auh burI qrHW iSksq Kw igAw[isMG pwxI dy hVH vWg A`gy vDy[Pzl
AlI KW ny vI ienHW nUM rokx dI koiSS kIqI pr ieh AjmyrI gyt dy
ielwky ’c jw phuMcy[isMG ij`Dr vI jWdy bwjW dI inAweIN mugl sYnw ’qy
jw Jptdy sn[ieh hwlq q`k Abdu`l Aihd KW ny 10 mwrc nUM Sihr
dy juAwn &Oj iv`c BrqI krn leI FMforw iPrvwieAw[pr Sihr dy

(91)
lok fr ky lwl iklHy ’c jw vVy[Swh ny imrjw SwPI Aqy aus dy Brw
jYn-aul-AbIdIn nUM ie`ky dm id`lI phuMcx leI AwiKAw qWik is`KW dy
BY-BIq krn vwly dbky nUM roikAw jw sky[hkUmq ny bygm smrU nUM vI
id`lI bulw ilAw qW ik is`KW nwL g`lbwq kIqI jw sky[
ieh bygm smrU ijs dw AslI nW jYb-aun-inSw sI Arb dy
muslmwn AswD KW dI DI sI[ieh 1753 iv`c jnmI sI Aqy rynhwrf
nwl ivAwhI geI sI[ ijs nUM smrU kr ky hI blWauNdy sn ikauNik ies
dw pqI smrU jrmn dw swhsI sUrmw sI[njwP KW ny ies nUM srDwnw
ielwky dI jwgIr sMBwlI hoeI sI[pr 1778 iv`c ies dI mOq hox ip`CoN
jYb-aun-inSw (smrU) ny jwgIr sMBwlI Aqy ies pws pMj btwlIAnW
dI ipAwdw &Oz sI ijs iv`c 300 dy krIb AMgryz A&sr sn[ieh
btwlIAnW 40 qopKwny Aqy qopcIAW nwl lYs sn[ 1781 iv`c bygm ny
romn kYQoilk Drm Awpxw ilAw sI Aqy Awpxw nW johwnw r`iKAw[ieh
mn kr ky bVI dlyr, swhsI Aqy jWbwz sI[ieh Awpxy isr ’qy hmySw
AMgUrI rMg dI dsqwr pihndI sI[muglW dI ies nUM pUrI ihmwieq sI[
ikauNik aunHW ny ies nUM srdwny dI jwgIr prdwn kIqI hoeI sI[id`lI
dw bwdSwh Awlm KW ies nUM AwpxI DI AwKdw sI[g`l kI muglW ny
is`KW nUM id`lI ’coN bwhr Dkylx leI hr FMg vriqAw[BwvyN gurU dy isMG
ies dI SKsIAq qoN vI vwkP sn pr auh id`lI &qih krn leI pUrw
qwx lw rhy sn[aunHW ies smyN nw mugl, nw mrwiTAW, nw AMgryjW, nw
smrU Awid dI pRvwh kIqI[BwvyN rx q`qy ’c jUJidAW jwnI Aqy mwlI
nukswn ho irhw sI pr gurU dw ^wlsw srdwr bGyl isMG dI AgvweI
hyT ‘boly so inhwl siq sRI Akwl’ dy jYkwry gjwauNdy lwl iklHy v`l bVI
qyjI nwl v`D irhw sI[ 10 mwrc 1783 nUM Swh Awlm dUjy ny srdwr
bGyl isMG nUM smJOqy leI bolwieAw pr srdwr ny nWh kr id`qI[auh
smJdw sI ik hwrnw pwp nhIN pr hwr mMn lYxW jW ij`q ky inSwny ’qy
phuMc ky ip`Cy htxw pwp hY, kmIngI hY Aqy kmidlI hY[

lwl iklHy ’c dwKlw

isMGW ny lu`t-Ksu`t dw mwl qW mMjU dy it`ly ’qy sKq pihry hyT
itkw id`qw[hux lwl iklHy AMdr dwKly dI ivauNq bxwaux l`gy[ieh iklHw
jmnw dy iknwry purwxI id`lI, cWdnI cONk dy kol Swh jhwn ny 1639

(92)
iv`c bxvwieAw sI[ieh 250 eykV rkby iv`c bixAw hoieAw hY Aqy
ies dI iqAwrI leI 9 swl l`gy sn[ieh swry dw swrw lwl p`Qr dw
bixAw hoieAw hY[Swh jhwn ny mugl rwjDwnI, jo pihlW Awgry iv`c
sI id`lI ivKy qbdIl kr id`qI[ies dy duAwly bVI cOVI qy fUMGI KweI
bxI hoeI hY qWik duSmx CyqI kIiqAW dwKl nw ho sky[mu`K gyt dw nW
‘lwhOrI gyt’ hY ikauNik ies dw mUMh lwhOr v`l hY[
AYsy mzbUq, a~ucIAW dIvwrW Aqy p`Qr dI icxweI kwrn Aqy iklHy
AMdr mOjUd v`fI igxqI iv`c mugl &Oj dw twkrw kr ky dwKl hoxw koeI
sOKI g`l nhIN sI[iklHy dy sB drvwjy bMd kr id`qy gey sn[ieiqhwsk
kQn muqwibk isMGW nUM ie`k imsqrI ny d`isAw ik iklHy dI ie`k bwhI
dI kMD AMdroN kmzor hY[ieh sux isMGW ny bVI imhnq nwL aus QW ’qy
p`Qr qoV ky morI jw mGorw kIqw Aqy is`K &Oj qyzI nwl iklHy AMdr 11
mwrc 1783 nUM dwKl hoeI[ieh mGory jW morI vwlI QW A`j vI ‘morI
gyt’ nwL mShUr hY[isMGW dI Awmd q`k bwdSwh aus dy vzIr, AmIr,
mulW, kwzI Awid Awpxy irhwieSI AsQwnW ’qy qwly lw ky luk gey[isMGW
nUM q`k ienHW dI hwlq aunHW jMglI jwnvrW vWg ho geI ijvyN Syr dI bVHk
sux auh Awpo Awpxy GurinAW iv`c jw vVdy hn[is`K &Oj ny luky iksy
bMdy ’qy AiqAwcwr nhIN kIqw Aqy nw hI iksy nUM mwirAw[srdwr j`sw
isMG rwmgVHIAw vI ihswr qoN 10 hzwr &Oj lY ky id`lI phuMc igAw[pr
srdwr j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw Aqy hor srdwrW ny ies nUM pMjwb ’coN
k`F id`qw sI[

lwl iklHy ’qy kysrI inSwn Julwauxy

lwl iklHw sr krn nwl ij`q dI KuSI dy rxjIq ngwry v`jxy SurU
ho gey[isMGW ny dIvwn-ey-Awm ’c pYr pwey[siqgurW dw DMnvwd kIqw
Aqy iklHy qoN hYdrI JMfw auqwr ky kysrI inSwn swihb Julw id`qw[isMGW
ny srdwr j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIey nUM pwqSwh AwK ky aus q^q ’qy ibTw
id`qw ij`Qy Swh jhwn, AOrMgzyb Aqy aus auprMq mugl bwdSwh bYTdy
sn[ie`k isMG nUM AwhlUvwlIey ’qy cOr krn leI lw id`qw[ieM\ srdwr
kpUr isMG dy khy Sbd ik ieh qW swfw pwqSwh hY pUry ho gey[j`sw

(93)
isMG dI swKI ShId rqn isMG BMgU krqw pMQ pRkwS 217-18 pMnw ’qy
ieauN ibAwn krdw hY:
swKI j`sw isMG kI, Ab mYN dyauN sunwie[
mMgq Kwq Kwlsy rlXo, BXo pMQ pwqSwih[
pr j`sw isMG rwmgVIHey ny ivroD kIqw[dohW pwisAW qoN qlKI dy
Sbd vI boly gey[j`sw isMG AhlUvwlIey qoN BrwvW ivckwr ho irhw gu`sy
vwlw mhOl shwirAw nw igAw Aqyy aus ny pMQ v`loN bKiSAw ieh v`fw
Ahudw iqAwg id`qw[
ieM\ isMGW ny mugl rwj ’qy kbzw kr ky jo kImqI smwn h`Q
AwieAw auh hiQAw ilAw[j`sw isMG rwmgVHIey ny v`fw kMm ieh kIqw
ik ijs q^q (p`Qr dy tukVy) ’qy mugl bwdSwh bYT hukm krdy sn auh
Awpxy bMdy lw ky putvw ilAw[ ieh tukVw 6x4x0.75 Pu`t sweIz dw pu`t
ky g`fy ’qy l`d AMimRqsr lY AWdw[A`j vI ieh p`Qr dw tukVw hirmMdr
swihb dy srovr dI pRkrmw ’qy siQq bMugw rwmgVIHAw AMdr PrS
iv`c jiVHAw hoieAw mOjUd hY[ieh lwl rMg dw hY Aqy ies iv`c pILy
pILy itmkxy hn[srdwr rwmgVHIAw ny 4 qopW vI kwbU kIqIAW[ies
qrHW ^wlsy ny mugl rwj dIAW jVHW pu`tIAW[sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI ny
zPrnwmy AMdr ieh Sbd AOrMgzyb nUM ilKy sn:
cUnw AwqSy zyry nweq
inhmiz pMjwb Awbq n Kurdn idhm]
AY AOrMgzyb! myrw ^wlsw qyry GoV svwrW hyT AYsI A`g bwlygw ik
mugl pMjwb dy pwxIAW dw Gu`t nhIN pI skxgy[
is`K pRqI gurbwxI dy vwk hn:
Awgwh kU qRwiG ipCw Pyir n mohfVw]
nwnk isiJ ievyhw vwr bhuV n hovI jnmVw]
fwktr Aqr isMG ilKdy hn ik gurU dw aupdyS is`K nUM siQ`qI dI
QW ’qy gqI, sQwn dI QW ’qy ieiqhws, sQwpn dI QW ’qy pirvrqn,
SWqI dI QW ’qy sMGrS Aqy prMprw dI QW ’qy kRWqI dw v`l isKwauNdw
hY[ieh v`l qkiVAW v`loN kmzorW qy ho rhy soSx nUM T`lH pwauNdw hY[

(94)
gurU jI dy krnInwmy AMdr bol hn:
q^q id`lI pr bhygI Awp gurW dI &Oj[
cvr JulyNgy sIs pr bVI krygyN mOj[
gurU dw ^wlsw rwj Bwg dw Bu`Kw nhIN[ieh qW gurU dy gwfI mwrg
’qy c`ldw hoieAw hr pRwxI leI s`c, suqMqrqw, su`K Aqy Swndwr jIvn
cwhuMdw hY[ieh qW hlymI rwj cwhuMdw hY gulwmI rwj nhIN[pMQ pRkwS iv`c
igAwnI igAwn isMG isMGW dI soc bwry ilKdy hn:
vwhn iSgwry rhyN, bwjqy ngwry rhyN, vYrI BUim fwry rhyN, mUMf Xuq qwj ky[
sMgqYN Awbwd rhyN, Awvqy pRswd rhyN, bwFy Aihlwd bhy, Drm su kwj ky[
g`dIAW At`l rhyN, cONkIAW Acl rhyN, buMgy Jlw Jl rhy, sihq smwj ky[
lwgqy dIvwn rhyN, gwvqy sujwn rhyN; Julqy inSwn rhyN, pMQ mhwrwj ky[

bygm smrU dw id`lI phuMcxw

is`KW v`loN id`lI ’qy kwbz hox kwrn mugl hkUmq bVI BY BIq
sI[bygm smrU nUM isAwxI, qwkqvr Aqy aulJI qwxI nUM sulJwaux iv`c
mwhr smJidAW hkUmq ny Awpxw dUq Byj qqkwl id`lI phuMcx leI
AwiKAw[ieh sdy ’qy 12 mwrc 1783 nUM id`lI Aw geI[ Swh Awlm ny
ies nUM swrI hwlq qoN jwxU krwieAw Aqy isMGW nUM ieh mnwaux leI,
ik auh id`lI ’coN cly jwx leI zor pwaux leI ikhw[bwdSwh ny suJwA
id`qw ik isMGW nUM AsIN rohqk Aqy krnwl dw ielwkw p`ky qOr ’qy
sMBwl idAWgy[ieh pySkS lY ky bygm smrU srdwr bGyl isMG pws
phuMcI[srdwr ny bygm dw bVw siqkwr kIqw[aus nUM suMdr jgHw ’qy
ibTw ky g`lbwq kIqI Aqy bwdSwh dI pySkS ik isMG id`lI C`f jwx
AsIN ienHW nUM rohqk qy krnwl dw ielwkw dy idAWgy[ bGyl isMG ny dUjy
srdwrW nwl bYT g`lbwq dOrwn ikhw, “bygm jI! id`lI ’qy p`kI qrHW
kwbz hox leI swfw koeI ierwdw nhIN[swfI ivSyS mMg qW is`KW dIAW
ieiqhwsk QwvW ’qy gurduAwry swihbwn auswrn dI hY ijnHW ’qy ieh lok
D`ky nwL kbzw jmweI bYTy hn[ies imlxI dOrwn isMGW ny AwpxIAW jo
mMgW r`KIAW auh sn:
1. is`K &Oz dw v`fw ih`sw id`lI C`f pMjwb cilAw jwvygw[

(95)
2. srdwr bGyl isMG 4 hzwr is`K sYnkW nwL id`lI iv`c hI rhygw[
3. id`lI iv`c is`KW dy piv`qr AsQwnW ’qy bGyl isMG 7 gurduAwry
bxw skygw[
4. is`K sYnkW dy Krcy Aqy gurduAwirAW dI auswrI ’qy Krcy leI
id`lI dy cUMgI vsUl coN 6 Awny ie`k rupey iv`coN (1 rupeIAw = 16
Awny) isMGW nUM id`qy jwxgy[
5. srdwr bGyl isMG dw mu`K d&qr sbzI mMfI iv`Ky hovygw[
6. is`K sYink mwrc 1783 qoN dsMbr 1783 q`k A`T mhIny dI Tihr
dOrwn id`lI dy SihrIAW nwL BYVw vrqwau nhIN krngy[
7. gurduAwirAW dI auswrI v`D qoN v`D iesy swl dsMbr q`k mukMml
kr isMG id`lI C`f jwxgy[
bygm smrU swrI g`l bwq auprMq bwdSwh koL geI Aqy ijauN hI
aus ny isMGW dIAW ilKq mMgW aus pws pyS kIqIAW qW Swh Awlm ny
iehnW nUM piVHAw Aqy iqauN hI mnzUr kr ky hyT dsq^q kr id`qy[ g`l
kI mrdw kI nhIN krdw[

(96)
 AiDAwie 5
id`lI ’c gurduAwry bxwauxy
gurduAwrw do Sbd gur+dAwrw dw sumyl hY[gur qoN Bwv gurU Aqy
duAwry qoN Bwv hY dr ArQwq Gr[so gurdvwry dw mqlb hY gurU dw dr jW
Gr[gurduAwrw Sbd sRI gurU gRMQ swihb iv`c bhuq vyr AwieAw hY ijvyN
ijs no kQw suxwieih AwpxI
is gurduAwrY suK pwvhy ] (919)
gurduAwry is`KW dy Dwrimk AsQwn hn Aqy ieh mnu`K nUM pRBU dy
nwL imlwp krn dy mu`K swDn hn[ie`Qy is`K sMgq j`ugo-ju`g At`l,
hwzrw-hzUr, zwhrw-zhUr Aqy srb klw BrpUr Sbd gurU ‘sRI gurU gRMQ
swihb jI dy nqmsqk ho gurbwxI dw pwT, kQw, kIrqn, kvISrI,
FwfI klw Aqy is`K ieiqhws sux gurmiq dI roSnI hwsl krdI
hY[AYsI gurmiq mn AMdr SWqI, sihj, siq, sMqoK, dieAw Aqy Drm
dw invws auqpn krdI hY ijs kwrn icMqw, Brm, inMidAw, cuglI,
hMkwr, durmq Awid dUr ho jWdy hn[sRI gurU nwnk dyv jI ny audwsIAW
dOrwn is`KI isDWqW dy pRcwr dOrwn is`KW nUM DrmSwlwvW bxwaux leI
pRyirAw[ij`Qy ikqy vI siqgurW ny pYr pwey auQy DrmSwlwvW sQwpq ho
geIAW[iesy leI hI BweI gurdws jI ny kQn kIqw:
ijQy bwbw pYru Dir pUjw Awsxu Qwpix soAw[
Gr Gr AMdr Drmswl hovy, kIrqnu sdw ivsoAw[
vwr 1 (pauVI 27)
sRI gurU nwnk dyv jI ny 1521 eIsvI iv`c krqwrpur swihb ivKy
pihlw gurduAwrw sQwpq kIqw[gurduAwry sMbMDI sRI gurU Amr dws jI
dy bcn hn:
gurduAwry lwie BwvnI ieknw dsvw duAwru idKwieAw] (ùòò)
so gurduAwrw swihbwn pUjw, BgqI, syvw, swD sMgq Aqy is`KI
ivrsy leI ivSyS AsQwn hn[ pRBU BgqI Awqmk bl pYdw kr ky
ienswn nUM inrBau, inrvYr, dieAwvwn Aqy SrDwvwn bxw idMdI
hY[igAwnI sMq isMG jI mskIn ilKdy hn ‘gurduAwry auh tkswlW hn

(97)
ij`Qy gur SbdW dy Awsry mnu`KI jIvn nUM GiVAw jWdw hY ikauNik ieh
BgqI, pRym rs Aqy igAwn pRkwS dy somy hn’[
gurduAwrw swihbwn AMdr lMgr Aqy rhwieS dw vI pRbMD huMdw
hY[iehnW dI auswrI leI Aqy hor smUh pRbMDW leI gurU swihb v`loN
hr is`K nUM AwpxI Dwrimk kmweI iv`coN dsvMD dyx dw hukm hY[is`K
sMgqW gurU dI golk iv`c Dn pwauNdIAW hn[gurU dI golk nUM ‘grIb dw
mUMh’ AwiKAw jWdw hY[ieh mwieAw Dwrimk smwgmW, mrIzW, iv`idAw,
gRMQIAW, kIrqnIAW Aqy kQw vwckW ’qy vI Krc kIqI jWdI hY[gurU Gr
hzwrW hI pRwxIAW nUM nOkrI vI prdwn kr rhy hn Aqy kOm dI cVHdI
klw dy pRqIk hn[
mhwn i&lws&r fwktr iekbwl dy bol hn:
kOmoN ky lIey moh hY mrkz sy judweI[
Bwv ijhVIAW kOmW Awpxy Dwrimk kyNdr qoN tu`t jWdIAW hn auh
AwpxI jVH auKyV bYTdIAW hn[
BweI bGyl isMG dy mn AMdr Dwrimk kyNdrW dI bhwlI leI BwrI
iK`c sI[smyN dI mugl hkUmq v`loN is`KI dy kuJ mhwn Dwrimk kyNdrW
nUM imtw ky au`Qy msIqW Awid dI auswrI is`KW nUM kMfy vWg cuB rhI sI[
gurU swihbwn AMqrjwmI hox sdkw is`KW dI ies qV& nUM mihsUs kr
rhy sn[ aunHW srdwr bGyl isMG ’qy AYsI ikRpw idRStI kIqI, AYsw
bl bKiSAw Aqy AYsI ivD bxweI ik aus leI gurduAwrw swihbwn dI
auswrI leI syvw dy drvwzy KolH id`qy[
BweI bGyl isMG ny 7 gurduAwry auswrn leI ivauNq bxweI[ijnHW
dy nW pMQ ^wlsy nwL slwh kr ky ies qrHW aulIky:
1. gurduAwrw sIs gMj swihb
2. gurduAwrw rkwb gMj swihb
3. gurduAwrw bMglw swihb
4. gurduAwrw mwqw suMdrI jI
5. gurduAwrw bwlw swihb

(98)
6. gurduAwrw moqI bwg
7. gurduAwrw mjnMU dw it`lw
ieh 7 gurduAwry (fyhry) bnvwaux leI srdwr ny id`lI pqI qoN
AwigAw lY leI sI Aqy bygm smrU ’qy bwdSwh dy hW p`KI rv`eIAw
Apnwaux leI zor pwieAw sI[rqn isMG BMgU pRwcIn pMQ pRkwS iv`c
ilKdy hn:
ksm nym daU Er qy bygm dey krwie[
fyhry s`q cVHwvxy isMG jI ley iLKwie(52)
bGyl isMG ny ieh g`l vI ilKq ’c ilKvweI ik AsIN ienHW
fyirAW ’qy is`K pMQ dy JMfy (inSwn swihb) Jlwauxy hn quhwnUM ienHW
sMbMDI koeI ieqrwz nhIN hoxw cwhIdw[aus vKq ihMdusqwn AMdr cwry
pwsy hry rMg dy hYdrI JMfy hI JUl rhy sn:
bGyl isMG qO bygm &rmwXo[kih piqSwhy fyrw bwhr krwXo[
mwV mot jo qumry pwih[idau bwhr qUM JMfy gfvwie[(45)
soaU bwq piqSwh mMn leI[dIny JMfy bwhr gfeI[
inSwn swihb auu~cw JulwieAw jWdw hY Aqy ieh gurdvwry dI
mOzUdgI nUM drswauNdw hY[aucweI ’qy JUl irhw ies dw P`rw grIbW,
Bu`iKAW qy duKIAW nUM mwno Awvwzw mwrdw hY ik qusIN myry kol Awau, lMgr
Ck ky qn dI Bu`K imtwau, siqsMgq iv`c bYT nwm bwxI dIAW CihbrW
suxoN Aqy Awqmk bl pRwpq kro[mu&q Tihro Aqy loV Anuswr vsqW
vI hwsl kro[cwr qxIAW dy Awsry KVHw inSwn swihb cwry mu`K DrmW
ihMdU, muslm, is`K Aqy eIsweIAW nUM Awsrw dyx dw pRqIk hY[
bwdSwh nwl ilKqI smJOqw hox ip`CoN id`lI Sihr dIAW swrIAW
cUMgIAW (Octroi posts) ’qy kbzw kr ky ^wlsy ny imTweI pul qy cUMgI
kr augrwhuxw SurU kr id`qw[hr roz pRwpq hox vwly cUMgI kr dw
62.5 pRqISq (pMj btw A`T, 1 rupey coN 40 pYsy) ikauNik aus smyN 1
rupeIAw 64 pYsy dw huMdw sI ih`sw srkwrI Kzwny iv`c pwauxw SurU kr
id`qw[ipAwrw isMG pdm sMKyp is`K ieiqhws dy pMnw 115 ’qy ilKdy hn
ik bwdSwh ny ^wlsy nUM 3 l`K rupey nkd vI id`qy sn[

(99)
 srdwr bGyl isMG ny cWdnI cONk dI koqvwlI vI Awpxy Gyry iv`c
lY AWdI[cwr hzwr sYink id`lI ’c r`K bwkI swrI sYnw 12 mwrc 1783
nUM vwps Byj id`qI[bwdSwh v`loN id`qy gey 3 l`K rupey iv`coN sYnw nUM vwps
Byjx smyN kVwh pRswd CkwieAw igAw[ngwirAW ’qy cot lw ky &Oj ny
pMjwb v`l kUc kIqw[id`lI r`Ky gey isMGW nUM idn pur rwq cOkMny rih ky
Sihr iv`c gSq krn leI hukm kIqw[ieh bVI AcMBy vwlI g`l sI
ik igxqI dy cwr hzwr ^wlsy ny id`lI dy mugl q^q nUM hI kyvl nhIN
blik swry ihMdusqwn dI lokweI nUM v`s ’c kr r`iKAw sI[dyS AMdr
Awpxy Awp nUM qwkqvr khwaux vwly mrh`itAW Aqy AMgryzW dw vI
id`lI q^q nUM hiQAwaux dw ihAW nhIN ipAw[ieQy Bgq rivdws jI dw
aucwrn kIqw Sbd pRBU klw nUM drsw isMGW ’qy kIqI imhr dw pRgtwvw
kr irhw hY:
AYsI lwl quJ ibnu kvn krY[
gRIb invwj guseIAw myrw mwQY CqR DrY[
nIcau aUc krY myrw goibMd kwhUM qy n frY[
sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI dy mhW bol, rqn isMG BMgU dy pRwcIn pMQ
pRkwS ’c ieM\ drj kIqy hn[
ien grIb isKXn ko dXY pwqSwhI[Xh Xwd rKYN hmrI guirAweI[
dsvyN pwqSwh dy drbwr dw mShUr kvI kMkn aunHW dy d`sy gurmiq
AwSy Aqy jIvn jwc nUM ‘dyg qyg jg mih doaU clY’ sMbMDI ies qrHW
klmbMd krdw hY:
dyg qyg dono ghI rwj jog duie kIn[
jog Bog donoN kIey auqm pdvI lIn[
kudrqI 1783 iv`c lMmy smyN qoN mINh nw pYx kwrn dyS AMdr kwl
pY igAw[lokweI AMdr Bu`K du`KoN hw hw kwr m`c geI[dUjy pwsy imrzw
SwPI jo srkwr dw SwSn pwl Aqy kmWfr-ien-cIP sI jnvrI qoN
sqMbr 1783 q`k Awgry ivKy muhMmd byg hmdwnI dI bgwvq nUM dbwaux
’c ruJ igAw sI Aqy AMq nUM 23 sqMbr 1783 nUM hmdwnI h`QoN mr
igAw[ies auprMq APrwisAwb Kwn Swsn pwl bixAw pr SwPI dy
Brw jYn-aul-AbIdIn KW ny ies nUM mwr mukwieAw[ies qrHW mugl rwj
inrbl ho igAw sI[
(100)
 gurduAwrw swihb bxwaux dy kwrj nUM kyvl 8 ku mhIinAW iv`c
sMpUrn krn leI BweI bGyl isMG BwrI j`do-jihd kr irhw sI[ieh
kMm koeI Kwlw jI dw vwVw nhIN sI[gurU GrW dI auswrI leI jgHw
hiQAwauxIAW, auswrI dw swjo-smwn ie`kTw krnw, imsqRI, mzdUrW
Awid dw pRbMD, Awid gMBIr msly sn[pr ieh gurU dw lwflw, gurmuK
ipAwrw Aqy dulwrw pqw nhIN aus mwlk A`gy ies kMm dI pUrqI leI
AYsIAW ikMnIAW ku ArdwsW krdw hovygw:
quD AwgY Ardws hmwrI jIau ipMf sB qyrw]
khu nwnk sB qyrI vifAweI koeI nwm n jwxy myrw]
sq sMqoKu hovY Ardwis qw suix sid bhwly pwis] (ø÷ø)
kMkn kvI ilKdy hn ik gurU swihb ny pIrW &kIrW dI mwnqw dw
KMfn kr ky pRBU A`gy kIqI Ardws dI mhwnqw drsweI hY:
pIrn qy AO PkIrn qy koaU kwm n sOrq hY kl mwhI[
hoie hY kwj iblMb ibnw jb isKn pY Ardws krwhI[
BweI bGyl isMG ny pUrI sur`iKAw hyT Awpxw d&qr sbzI mMfI
ivKy sQwpq kIqw[ieQy bYT ky gurU dI Et lY sujwn, s`iBAk Aqy
sdwcwrI isMGW dI slwh nwl gurduAwrw swihbwn auswrn dI swrI
Xojnw iqAwr kIqI[mugl q^q dI qlvwr BwvyN hr smyN ienHW ’qy ltk
rhI sI Aqy auh iksy smyN vI &OjI hmlw kr ky isMGW dI mwr-kutweI
kr id`lI qoN Bjw skdy sn, pr ^wlsy dy jwho-jlwl, kwrnwimAW Aqy
bl A`gy AYsI kwrvweI krn qoN frdy sn[v`fI g`l ieh ik gurU swihb
is`KW pwsoN Su`B kMm krwaux leI bdI nUM n`Q pw idMdy hn Aqy nykI nUM
qwkq bKSdy hn[
BwvyN isMG pihlW sRI gurU qyg bhwdr jI dy ShIdI Aqy sskwr
vwLy AsQwn qy gurU GrW dw kMm AwrMB krnw cwhuMdy sn pr ienHW QwvW
’qy muglW ny msIqW auswr r`KIAW sn ijnHW nUM Fwhux nwl v`fI sm`isAw
KVHI ho skdI sI[ A`j vI AwpW dyKdy hW ik rwm mMdr bnwaux leI
ihMdU j`QybMdIAW ny lKnaU ivKy 1995 iv`c bwbrI msijd qW Fwh id`qI
sI pr muslm BweIcwry v`loN ies dw ivroD krn qy 22 swl bwAd vI
au`Qy rwm mMdr nhIN bx sikAw[so BweI bGyl isMG ny pihlW aunHW QwvW
’qy gurduAwry auswrny SurU kIqy ij`Qy ivroD vwlI koeI sm`isAw nhIN sI,

(101)
pr aunHW QwvW qy kbzw krnw vI bVw hI dlyrI, ihMmq Aqy zorwvrI dw
kdm sI[

gurduAwrw mwqw suMdrI jI

mwqw suMdrI jI (suMdr kOr jI) sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI dy mihl
sn[ienHW ny qkrIbn 40 swl is`K pMQ dI bVy sMktmeI smyN AMdr
kyvl syvw hI nhIN kIqI sgoN is`KI dy pRcwr nUM vI pRcMf kIqw[
1704 eIsvI iv`c jdoN siqgurW AnMdpurI C`fI Aqy srsw ndI
’qy mugl &Oj v`loN sB AsUl, vwiedy, kwiedy, kwnUMn Aqy KwDIAW sOhW
iC`ky ’qy tMg Acncyq hmlw kr id`qw qW srsw ndI iknwry prvwr
ivCoVw ho igAw[mwqw suMdr kOr Aqy mwqw swihb kOr (srb`q ^wlsy
dI mwqw) BweI mnI isMG nwL id`LI phuMc geIAW[auQy ienHW AjmyrI
gyt kol kUcw idlvwlI bwzwr qylIAW ivKy BweI jvwhr isMG dI hvylI
ivKy invws kIqw[is`K sMgqW ny bVI SrDw nwL mwqwvW dI syvw-sMBwl
kIqI[mukqsr dI jMg ip`CoN jdoN gurU jI swbHo dI qlvMfI (dmdmw
swihb) phuMcy qW sweIN dIAW rihmqW hwsl krn leI mwqwvW ieQy
phuMcIAW[imL ky jMgW Xu`DW iv`c hoeIAW KuAwrIAW Aqy idl dy tukiVAW,
Bwv cwry swihbzwidAW dIAW ShwdqW bwry g`lbwq dOrwn bVw vYrwg
Aqy du`K auqpn hoieAw[pr gurU swihb ny idlwsw id`qw ik pu`qrW dI
Shwdq ^wlsw pMQ nUM bulMdIAW ’qy phuMcweygI Aqy mu`K ieh bcn aucwry:
ien puqrn ky sIs pr vwr dIey suq cwr[
cwr muey qo ikAw huAw jIvq keI hzwr[
gurU swihb ny ^wlsy nUM Awpxw nwdI pu`qr AwiKAw[auprMq gurU
goibMd isMG jI ny bhwdr Swh dI aus dy Brw qwrw Awzm nwl hoeI
jMg iv`c m`dd kIqI Aqy bhwdr Swh nUM q^q idvwieAw[id`lI qoN mwqw
swihb kOr qW gurU jI nwL nWdyV (sRI Abcl ngr) clI geI Aqy
mwqw suMdrI jI nUM siqgurW id`lI rih ky ^wlsw pMQ dI syvw krn dw
AwdyS id`qw[kuJ smW ip`CoN Awpxw AMqlw smW nyVy jwx mwqw swihb
kOr nUM pMj Ssqr, sRI swihb, ktwr, jmdwV, ikRpwn Aqy qIr bKS
ky id`lI vl qor id`qw[jdoN mwqw jI ny ikhw ik myrw quhwfy qoN ivCVn
leI jIA nhIN krdw Aqy ieQy mYN hr roz quhwfy drSn krdI hW qW

(102)
siqgurW PurmwieAw, ienHW SsqrW dw siqkwr krnw ienHW iv`coN quhwnUM
swfy drSn ho jwieAw krngy[siqgurW ny donW mihlW nUM is`K pMQ dIAW
sMgqW pRqI hukmnwmy Byjx leI AiDkwr id`qy[ienHW hukmnwimAW iv`c
gur is`KW nUM Awpxw dsvMD id`lI ivKy Byjx dI pryrnw drz hY Aqy ieh
Dn sRI hirmMdr swihb dy pRbMDW leI vrqx dy AwdyS sn[ienHW iv`coN 9
hukmnwmy pMjwbI XUnIvristI, pitAwlw v`loN pRkwSq Aqy fwktr gMfw
isMG v`loN sMpwidq pusqk ‘hukmnwmy’ iv`c Cpy imldy hn ijnHW dw smW
1726 qoN 1734 eIsvI q`k dw hY[
mugl kwl dOrwn mwqw suMdr kOr Aqy mwqw swihb kOr id`lI iv`c
ies kr ky v`D sur`iKAq sn ikauNik bwdSwh bhwdr Swh nUM rwj Bwg
idvwaux leI gurU swihb ny jMg iv`c m`dd kIqI sI[sRI gurU goibMd isMG
jI dy pRlok gmn auprMq is`KW AMdr mwqw suMdr kOr Aqy mwqw swihb
kOr dw BwrI snmwn sI Aqy hr gurU nwnk nwm lyvw aunHW dy hukmW ’qy
Pu`l cVHwauNdw sI[mwqw suMdr kOr ny BweI mnI isMG nUM hirmMdr swihb
dw mu`K gRMQI QwipAw sI[
bwdSwh bhwdr Swh dI AikRqGxqw q`ko, gurU swihb nwL kIqy
aunHW vwAidAW ik mYN Coty swihbzwidAW nUM nIhW ’c cnwaux vwly
doSIAW nUM quhwfy hvwly krWgw qoN m`ukr igAw[jdoN gurU swihb dw ByijAw
bMdw isMG bhwdr duStW dI suDweI leI pMjwb ’c phuMc igAw[ies ny
mwqwvW nUM kYdI bxw ky aunHW ’qy zor pwieAw Aqy p`qr ilKvwey ik bMdw
mugl rwj dy SihrW qy hmly nw kry, pr bMdy ny au~qr iv`c iliKAw ik
mYN qW gurU swihb dy hukm muqwbk c`l irhw hW qy iesy iv`c hI ^wlsy
dw Blw hY[srkwr ny AYsIAW KbrW vI PYlweIAW ik mwqw suMdr kOr
ny aus dw hukm nw mMnx kr ky aus nUM is`K pMQ iv`coN Kwrj kr id`qw
hY[keI ilKwrIAW ny vI ieh JUTIAW g`lW AwpxIAW lyKxIAW iv`c
ilK id`qIAW[smJx vwlI g`l hY ik mwqw suMdr kOr auhnW duStW dI
m`dd ’qy ikvyN Aw skdI sI ijnHW ny aus nUM kYdI bxwieAw hoieAw sI?
kI mwqw jI nUM swihbzwidAW dI ShIdI dw du`K nhIN sI? ieh svwl
drsw rhy hn ik mwqw suMdr kOr ny kdy vI bMdy dI ivroDqw nhIN kIqI
hovygI[smyN dIAW srkwrW dw ieh kMm huMdw hI hY ik auh Awpxw au~lU
is`Dw krn leI vMfIAW pwaux dw Xqn krdIAW hn[AYsIAW Pu`tpwaU
nIqIAW s`c nUM A`KoN proKy kr ky ieiqhws ivgwV idMdIAW hn[
(103)
 mwqw suMdr kOr ny srdwr j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw dI bcpn iv`c
is`KI AsUlW Anuswr pwlxw poSxw kIqI[auprMq ies nUM dl ^wlsw dy
pRDwn nvwb kpUr isMG dy hvwly kr id`qw[ mwqw jI dI imhr, AsIs
Aqy ASIrvwd sdkw srdwr j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIey nUM mhwn jrnYl
Aqy pwqSwh dw drzw pRwpq hoieAw[
mwqwvW ny gurU gurU kridAW svws-svws ismrn iv`c bqIq
kIqw[id`lI rih ky pMQ dI suc`jI rihnumweI kIqI[sRI gurU goibMd isMG
jI dI aucwrI bwxI Aqy swihq dI sMBwl dw kMm bVI hI kuSlqw nwL
inBwieAw[siqgurU v`loN bKSy SsqrW nUM bhuq hI siqkwr nwL plMG ’qy
ibrwjmwn kr ky r`iKAw Aqy nmskwrW inqwpRiq kIqIAW[
jI.AY`s.rxDIr dI pusqk is`K SrweInz ien ieMfIAw (Sikh
Shrines in India) Anuswr mwqw suMdr kOr 1747 eIsvI iv`c s`c-KMf
gmn hoey[igAwnI Twkr isMG dI pusqk ‘sRI gurdvwry drSn’ Anuswr
mwqw swihb kOr sMmq 1804 ibkRmI mhInw A`sU idn 27 (1747 eIsvI)
nUM id`lI hvylI ivKy pRlok isDwry[dovyN mwqwvW mwno ArS qoN PrS ’qy
AweIAW kudrq dw nUr sn[ienHW dy inAwrypx ny is`KI AMdr cVHdI
klw dI krwmwqI SkqI Br id`qI[
mwqwvW dw sskwr jmnw ndI dy iknwry kIqw igAw sI ij`Qy
gurduAwrw bwlw swihb suSoBq hY[BweI bGyl isMG ny Ardws kr Aqy
kVwh pRSwd vrqw mwqwvW dy invws vwLI jgHw ’qy gurduAwrw mwqw
suMdrI jI auswirAw Aqy inSwn swihb Julw id`qw[ShId rqn isMG jI
BMgU ilKdy hn:
qO isMG jI kMm fyhrn qorw[ipRQm kIE jo huqo kMm QoVw[
jhW mwq QI doaU rhI[jgw pIhVy kI qih bnvweI[(159)
huqI swhb dyvI AO suMdRI mwq[gur pqnI sB jg ibKXwq[
sRI hir ikRSn smwD Awd jhIN[jmnw iFg g`f JMfy qRqhI[(60)
gurU jI dy ByNt kIqy hoey Ssqr BweI jIvn isMG Aqy aus dI bMs
ny Awpxy gRih ivKy, ijhVw mtIAw bwzwr iv`c, ic`tI kbr muh`lw AMdr
hY, bhuq hI SrDw nwL sMBwly[ienHW iv`coN kuJ A`j klH mwqw suMdr kOr
jI dy gurduAwrw swihb ivKy suSoBq hn[

(104)
 gurduAwrw bwlw swihb
ieh gurduAwrw swihb A`TvyN gurU sRI gurU hir ikRSn swihb jI
dI piv`qr Xwd iv`c hY ij`Qy auh pRlok isDwry[BweI bGyl isMG ny ies
sQwn (gurU jI dy sskwr vwLI jgHw) ’qy gurduAwrw 1783 eIsvI nUM
bxvwieAw[ieh gurduAwrw mhwrwxI bwg dy swmHxy irMg rof ’qy siQ`q
hY[pihlW pihl jmnw ies dy nwL dI vgdI sI pr smW pYx ’qy Sihr
dy vwDy kwrn ies dw vhw bdl igAw[
AOrMgzyb bwdSwh dw Brw dwrw iSkoh bwgI ho ky pMjwb vl
AwieAw[id`lI pqI nUM iksy ny ^br id`qI ik sRI gurU hir rwey ny dwrw
iSkoh dI m`dd kIqI hY[bwdSwh ny siqgurW nUM id`lI bulwieAw[auh Awp
qW nw gey, Awpxy spu`qr sRI rwm rwie jI nUM Byj id`qw[BwvyN auQy jw
ky rwm rwey ny kwPI isAwxp nwl bwdSwh dIAW glq &ihmIAW dUr
kIqIAW pr id`lI drbwr ’c rihx kr ky krwmwqW vI idKwauxIAW
AwrMB kr id`qIAW Aqy gurbwxI dI quk ‘imtI muslmwn kI pyVY peI
kuim@Awr’ dI QW ‘imtI byeImwn kI pyVy peI kuim@Awr’ kr id`qI[ ijauN
hI siqgurW nUM gurbwxI ’c bdlw krn dw pqw l`igAw aus auprMq aunHW
rwm rwey nUM mUMh nhIN lwieAw Aqy bcn kIqw ik swfy ip`CoN gur g`dI
dy h`kdwr sRI hir ikRSn jI hoxgy[s`cy pwqSwh 6 AkqUbr 1661 nUM
kIrqpur ivKy joqI joq smw gey[do idn ip`CoN sRI gurU hir ikRSn jI
gur g`dI ’qy bYTy[
rwm rwey nUM ijauN hI ^br imlI ik gur g`dI myry Coty Brw nUM imL
geI hY qW mn iv`c BwrI ros kIqw[ies ny sRI gurU hir ikRSn jI nUM
g`dI qoN lwhux leI AOrMgzyb bwdSwh dI m`dd leI, ijhVw A`q dw
jnUnI sI[ieiqhwsk gwQwvW Anuswr s`qvyN pwqSwh jI ny sRI hir ikRSn
jI nUM ijauNdy jI ieh kih id`qw sI pu`qr qUM kdy vI AOrMgzyb nUM nhIN
imlxw[rwm rwey dy zor pwaux ’qy bwdSwh ny bwl gurW nUM id`lI phuMcx
leI sunyhW ByijAw[pihlW qW gurU jI ny ies sMbMDI juAwb dy id`qw[pr
id`lI srkwr v`loN imrjw rwjw jY isMG ny kIrqpur Aw ky gurU swihb nUM
ieh Brosw id`qw ik mYN quhwnUM AOrMgzyb dy A`gy pyS nhIN hox idAWgw qW
gurU jI aus nwl id`lI v`l rvwnw hoey[

(105)
 id`lI phuMc ky s`cy pwqSwh kuJ smW qW rwjw jY isMG dy mihl ’c
rhy[aunHI idnIN Sihr ’c hYzw (chollera) Aqy CotI mwqw (small pox)
dI ibmwrI iBAwnk rUp Dwr geI[ieh dyK siqgurW ny mrIzW dy ielwj
leI jmnw dy iknwry qMbU lvw ilAw[ibmwr mrIzW nUM dvweIAW dyxIAW
AwrMB kr id`qIAW[[pIVq lokW dI hwlq aunHW qoN jrI nhIN sI jw
rhI[siqgur sB dw Blw loVdw hY Aqy praupkwr leI lokweI dy du`K
Awpxy ’qy lY lYNdw hY[kI ihMdU, kI muslmwn, kI is`K Awid sB nUM gurU
jI idlwsw dy rhy sI Aqy ielwj krI jw rhy sI[AMq nUM ieh ibmwrI
pRBU crnW ’c jodVI kr Awpxy srIr ’qy lY leI[gurU jI dw srIr mwqw
(small pox) nwL Br igAw[AwKIr 30 mwrc 1664 eIsvI nUM gurU jI
sMswrk Xwqrw kr ky cly gey[joqI joq smwaux qoN pihlW is`K sMgqW nUM
kih id`qw, ‘bwbw bkwly’ Bwv swfy qoN ip`CoN swfy bwbw jI qyg bhwdr gur
g`dI sMBwlxgy[ Sihr ’c ibmwrI dw pRkop vI ^qm ho igAw[sQwpq
kIqy kYNp (qMbU) dy kol hI jmnw iknwry gurU jI dy srIr dw sskwr kIqw
igAw sI[ihMdU Brw gurU swihb nUM ‘bwl mukMd’ AwK ky Xwd kr rhy sn
jd ik muslmwn Brw ‘bwl pIr’ kih ky aunHW dy gux gw rhy sn[gurU jI
dy is`K aunHW nUM hux vI ‘bwlw pRIqm’ dy nW nwL Xwd krdy hn[sRI gurU
goibMd isMG jI ny A`TvyN gurW dI ausqqI ieM\ gwien kIqI hY:
sRI hirikRSn iDAweIAY ijs ifTY siB duiK jwie]
Bwv AStm gurU sRI hir ikRsn jI nUM Xwd krn nwL aunHW dy
drSn ho jWdy hn Aqy drSn hox nwL hr iksm dw du`K dUr ho jWdw
hY ArQwq auh ‘sMkt-hrn’ gurU jI hn
gurduAwrw bwlw swihb jI dw bhuq v`fw mhwqm ieh vI hY ik
ie`Qy hI mwqw suMdr kOr Aqy mwqw swihb kOr dw sskwr hoieAw sI[A`j
klH gurduAwrw swihb dy mu`K drbwr hwl dy nwl lgdy Coty kmry iv`c
mwqw swihb kOr dI smwDI bxI hoeI hY jd ik mwqw suMdr kOr dI smwDI
gurduAwrw swihb dI nvIN iblifMg iv`c hY[hzwrW hI sMgqW ie`Qy hr
roz nqmsqk huMdIAW hn[[

(106)
 gurduAwrw bMglw swihb
sRI gurU hir ikRSn jI 1664 eIsvI nUM bwdSwh AOrMgzyb dy s`dy ’qy
rwjw jY isMG AMbyr (jYpur) dy id`lI vwLy mihl (bMgly) iv`c Aw ky rhy
sn[kudrqI rwjw jY isMG nUM is`KI nwl ipAwr sI Aqy siqgurW nwl cMgy
sMbMD rKdw sI[rwjy dy bMgly iv`c gurU jI dy rihx kr ky srdwr bGyl
isMG ny auswrI smyN ies dw nW gurduAwrw bMglw swihb r`iKAw[gurbwxI
dw Sbd hY:
ijQy jwie bhy myrw siqgurU so Qwn suhwvw rwm rwjy]
rwjw jY isMG v`fI Akl dw mwlk sI[jYpur ivKy ies dw bxvwieAw
hoieAw jMqR-mMqR bhuq hI AcMBy vwLw hY[ieiqhwsk q`QW Anuswr ies ny
sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI dI sMgq vI kIqI sI[qlvMfI swbHo ivKy siqgurW
ny ijnHW 48 is`KW nUM sRI gurU gRMQ swihb jI dI kQw srvx krweI sI
rwjw jY isMG aunHW ’c Swml sI[
rwjy ny Awpxy mihlW iv`c sRI gurU hir ikRSn jI dI ruhwnI qwkq
prKx leI AwpxI rwxI nUM golIAW vwLy kpVy pihnw ky kuJ iesqrIAW
iv`c ibTw id`qw[AMqrjwmI gurU swihb ny pu`iCAw, ‘rwjw jI! quhwfI
rwxI ik`Qy hY?’ jY isMG ny ikhw, ‘mhwrwj! l`Bxw kro, auh ik`Qy bYTI
hY’? siqgurW ny iesqrIAW iv`c jw ky Awpxy h`Q iv`c PVI CVI rwxI
dy isr ’qy jw itkweI[ieM\ jY isMG nUM Brosw ho igAw ik vwky hI bwl
gurU AMqr idRStI dy mwlk hn[ ijauN hI is`K sMgqW nUM gurU jI dy mihlW
iv`c phuMcx dI ^br imlI qW auh v`fI igxqI iv`c gurU jI dy drSnW
nUM Awaux l`gIAW[hr roz siqsMgq hox l`igAw[kihMdy hn ik AOrMgzyb
ny rwjw jY isMG nUM AwiKAw ik mYnUM vI gurU jI nwL imlwau[ sB dy idlW
’c ieh SMkw sI ik 8 swl dw b`cw gurU ikvyN bx igAw? jY isMG ny jdoN
siqgurW nUM d`isAw ik bwdSwh quhwnUM imlx dI ie`Cw rKdw hY qW aunHW
nWh kr id`qI[aunHW nUM ipqw sRI gurU hir rwey jI ny ieh kih id`qw sI
“pu`qr, qusIN AOrMgzyb nUM kdy vI nhIN imlxw”? rwjy ny bwdSwh nUM kih
id`qw ik gurU jI ny quhwnUM imlx qoN nWh kr id`qI hY[ieiqhwsk ilKqW
Anuswr ie`k idn jdoN siqgurU jI is`KW nUM ie`k kmry iv`c sMgqI rUp
iv`c gurmiq dw aupdyS dy rhy sI qW AOrMgzyb pwlkI iv`c bYT ky aus
kmry dy bwhr Aw igAw[gurU swihb ny rwjw jY isMG nUM kih ky kmry

(107)
dy drvwzy bMd krw id`qy[ bwdSwh bwhr hI kuJ smW pwlkI iv`c bYTw
irhw[auh gurU jI dI soc sMbMDI prKx leI ie`k Qwl iv`c kImqI lwl
Aqy hIry jvwhrwq, ie`k mwlw Aqy ie`k ikrpwn r`K ky ilAwieAw
sI[jdoN bwdSwh ny dyiKAw ik gurU imlxw nhIN cwhuMdw qW aus ny Awpxy
sMqrI rwhIN auh vsqW nwl BirAw Qwl jY isMG nUM dy ky gurU jI A`gy
itkw id`qw[cojI gurU swihb ny Qwl ’coN mwLw Aqy ikrpwn Awpxy kol
r`K leIAW Aqy hIry jvwhrwq vwps kr id`qy[ies dw Bwv sI is`KI
AMdr mwLw Aqy ikrpwn pkVn dw isDWq hY ArQwq mwlw pRBU BgqI
Aqy ikrpwn SkqI dw pRgtwvw krdI hY[ieM\ bwdSwh kuJ smyN ip`CoN
vwps muV igAw[
ijvyN gurduAwrw mwqw suMdr kOr jI dy AsQwn sMbMDI AMikq hY
ik gurU jI hYjy Aqy CotI mwqw vwly mrIzW dI syvw iv`c jut gey[aunHW
mrIjW nUM Bojn dvweIAW Aqy kpVy vI vMfy[aunHW ny dIvwn drgwh m`l
nUM hr roz ByNt ho rhI mwieAw grIbW nUM dyx dw aupdyS kIqw[rwjw
jY isMG ny gurU jI dy kihx ’qy mihl dy lwgy KUh kol ie`k cub`cw vI
iqAwr krvwieAw[A`j klH sMgqW SrDw sihq ies KUh dy jl dw cUlw
CkdIAW hn Aqy mu`KoN DMn sRI gurU hir ikRSn jI aucwrdIAW hn[
gurdvwrw bMglw swihb KVk isMG mwrg ’qy kYnwt plys, nvIN
id`lI lwgy siQ`q hY[nvIN id`lI dy rylvy stySn dy nzdIk Aqy KulHI jgHw
hox kr ky ieQy rhwieS, gur Sbd Aqy Kwxy dw lMgr, ieSnwn leI
srovr, hspqwl Awid dw vDIAw pRbMD hox kr ky v`fI igxqI iv`c
sMgqW drSn krn phuMcdIAW hn[

gurduAwrw moqI bwg

sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI jdoN Awpxy jIvn dy iv`c pihlI vwr id`lI
Awey qW ies AsQwn ’qy aunHW fyrw kIqw[AOrMgzyb dI mOq auprMq aus
dy pu`qrW ivckwr g`dI dI pRwpqI leI JgVw SurU ho igAw[BweI nMd lwl
jI ny gurU swihb nUM rwj kumwr muA`zm bhwdr Swh dI m`dd krn leI
AwiKAw[siqgurU jI qlvMfI swbo qoN isMGW smyq 1707 eIsvI nUM muA`zm
dI m`dd leI Aw gey[id`lI lw`gy DOlpur jwjU nwmI AsQwn ’qy qwrw
Awzm Aqy m`uAzm ivckwr BwrI jMg hoeI[ ies jMg iv`c qwrw Awzm

(108)
gurU jI dw qIr l`gx nwl mwirAw igAw sI[qvwrIK dIAW ilKqW
drswauNdIAW hn ik muA`jm Awpxy mry hoey Brw nUM jMgy-mYdwn ’c dyKx
AwieAw[kI dyKdw hY ik aus dy srIr ’c KuBy qIr qoN muA`zm bhwdr
Swh nUM XkIn ho igAw ik ieh qIr sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI dI kmwn ’coN
inkilAw hoieAw hY[aunHW simAW AMdr kyvl dSmyS ipqw dy qIr mUhry
hI sonw l`igAw huMdw sI[ies g`l dI pRoVqw mhW kvI BweI sMqoK isMG
ny vI Awpxy gRMQ sRI gurU pRqwp sUrj gRMQ iv`c kIqI hY:
Kojn gXo bhwdr SwhU[jhW pirX dIrG rx mWhU[
dyKq qIr Bwl inkswie[jo kMcn (sony) dy ilpq suhwey[
ieh Gtnw 28 jUn 1707 ƒ vwprI[auprMq ij`q dy fMky v`jy Aqy
bhwdr Swh id`lI q^q qy bYTw[
gurduAwrw swihb dw ieiqhws ies g`l dI gvwhI Brdw hY ik
gurU swihb ny ifaufI qoN do qIr C`fy jo lwl iklHy AMdr bhwdr Swh dy
idvwn hwl ’c if`gy[ie`k qIr dI prcI qy iliKAw sI, Swh jI! ieh
koeI jwdU vwlI g`l nhIN hY ieh qW qIr mwrn dI klw hY[ieh ifaufI
inSwnI vjoN Ajy q`k vI mOjUd hY Aqy ie`Qy sRI gurU gRMQ swihb jI dw
pRkwS hY[ies ifaufI au`pr cVH ky lwl iklHw ids jWdw hY[sMgqW v`loN
gurduAwrw moqI bwg dI nvIN iemwrq vI bxweI geI hY[ieh gurduAwrw
irMg rof ’qy DOlw kUMAW Aqy SWqI pQ dy ivckwr suSoBq hY[
BweI bGyl isMG ny aus bVy nwzk smyN AMdr ienHW gurDwmW dI
inSwn dyhI kr ky iemwrqW auswrIAW Aqy pMQ dI mhwn syvw kIqI[

gurduAwrw mjƒ dw it`lw

ieh gurduAwrw swihb jmnw dy s`jy iknwry qImrpur klonI, KYbr
pws qoN pry siQ`q hY[ie`Qy hr swl ivswKI mOky ^wlsy dw pRkwS idhwVw
zor Sor nwL mnwieAw jWdw hY[sMn 1950 iv`c aus jgHw ’qy ij`Qy bGyl
isMG ny gurU Gr bxvwieAw sI, sMgqW vloN bhuq hI AwlISwn iemwrq
auswrI geI[ keI ilKqW dy muqwbk ies qoN pihlW mhwrwjw rxjIq
isMG ny sMgmrmr lgw ky gurduAwrw bxvwieAw sI[Syr-ey-pMjwb ny
gurduAwry dy pRbMD leI jwgIr vI id`qI sI[

(109)
 sulqwn iskMdr Swh loDI dy smyN ie`k qp`svI muslmwn &kIr
jmnw iknwry au~cy it`ly ’qy rihMdw sI[auh AwpxI ikSqI iv`c bYTw
lokW nUM ndI dy ie`k kMFy qoN dUjy kMFy C`fdw sI Aqy koeI BwVw vI nhIN
sI lYNdw[aus dI msq-mlMg hwlq q`k lokweI aus nUM mjnUM kihx l`g
peI[ ieiqhwsk ilKqW Anuswr 20 julweI 1505 nUM sRI gurU nwnk dyv
jI vI ies pws phuMcy[sRI gurU jI dw Awaux sux muslm hzrq inzwmUdIn
AOlIAw dw jwn nwSIn sujwdw vI gurU jI dy drSnw leI AwieAw[
hor vI keI sU&I &kIr gurU swihb dy ivcwr sux bVy AnMdq hoey Aqy
gurU jI dy is`K bx gey[&kIr mjnUM kol keI idn Tihr ky aus nUM
AiDAwqmk igAwn, pRBU imlwp Aqy mnu`Kw jIvn nUM au`cw-su`cw bxwaux
dw v`l isKwieAw Aqy syvw-Bwvnw krn pRqI r`bI imhr bKSI[gurU jI
dy pYr pwaux nwL ieh it`lw pUjw dw AsQwn bx igAw[BweI gurdws
jI dy vI bol hn:
ijQy bwbw pYru Dir pUjw Awsxu Qwpx soAw] (vwr 1, pauVI 27)
bwdSwh jhWgIr dy bulwvy ’qy CyvyN pwqSwh sRI gurU hir goibMd
swihb jI jdoN id`lI vl Awey qW mjnUM dy it`ly Tihry[jhWgIr ie`Qy
hI gurU jI nUM imilAw[BwvyN gurU swihb ny ie`k idn bwdSwh nUM Syr dy
hmly qoN bcwieAw pr ieh rwjy mhwrwjy kMnW dy k`cy hox kr ky Aqy cMdU
vrigAW dy aukswaux nwL gurU jI nUM bwdSwh ny gvwlIAr dy iklHy ’c
f`k id`qw[bwdSwh bImwr hox kr ky qrWH qrHW dy aupwA krn l`igAw[
sweIN mIAW mIr kol vI ibmwrI dw izkr kIqw[sweIN jI ny AwiKAw,
“bwdSwh slwmq! qusIN r`bI rUh nUM jylH ’c bMd kIqw hoieAw hY[aus
dw sMqwp quhwnUM l`igAw hoieAw hY[” ieh soc bwdSwh ny pwqSwh
dI irhweI dw hukm kr id`qw[pr pwqSwh ny ikhw, AsIN hux jylH qoN
bwhr 52 phwVI rwijAW ijhVy icrW qoN du`K Bog rhy hn aunHW nUM nwl
lY ky hI bwhr AwvWgy[ bMdw mrdw kI nhIN krdw[jhWgIr ny pwqSwh
nUM rwijAW smyq irhw kr id`qw[pMjwb vl Awaux smyN gurU jI ny Pyr
mjnUM dy itlHy ivKy Tihrwau kIqw[ieiqhws dy pMny drswauNdy hn ik sRI
gurU hir rwey jI ny rwm rwey nUM AOrMgzyb pws jdoN is`KI AsUl dy q`q
ibAwn krn leI id`lI ByijAw qW auh vI ie`Qy ruky sI[mjnUM dy it`ly
pws ie`k KUh vI mOjUd hY ij`Qy rwm rwey ny AOrMgzyb nUM krwmwqI SkqIAW

(110)
idKweIAW [ieM\ ieiqhwsk p`KoN ieh jgHw kwPI pRis`D sI Aqy gurU
swihbwn dy crn pYx kr ky BweI bGyl isMG ny gurduAwrw swihb hoNd
iv`c ilAWdw[aunHW Awp ie`Qy bYT h`QIN kwr syvw kIqI ieiqhwsk q`QW
Anuswr id`lI lu`tx smyN imilAw Dn bGyl isMG ny mjnUM dy it`ly iv`c
r`iKAw sI[rqn isMG BMgU jI ilKdy hn[
pMjvoN JMfy hir ikRSn jI jih bhy[ jY isMG pro mD bMgly Ahy[
sgm BWq pMj fyhry Bey[ g`f JMfy pMj kVwh kr dey[(61)
huqI qyg bhwdr jwgw doaU[ aupr msIq icx rKI QI soaU[
isMG jI khXo msIq hovY gr[qO fyhry bnwvYNgy Pyr (62)
(pRwcIn pMQ pRkwS)

gurduAwrw rkwb gMj swihb

DrmI jIEVy, gurU dy nUry, gurbwxI dy sUry Aqy bcnW dy pUry BweI
bGyl isMG leI gurduAwrw rkwb gMj swihb dw inrmwx bVw hI AOkV
BrpUr kMm sI[sRI gurU qyg bhwdr jI dI Shwdq 11 nvMbr 1675 jo
cWdnI cONk ivKy hoeI, auprMq aunHW dw sIs BweI jYqw jI ‘rMGrytw gurU
kw bytw’ ie`k dm cu`k vwho-dwhI 300 mIl (500 iklomItr) dw s&r
qYA kr ky AwnMdpur swihb phuMc igAw[pr gurU jI dw DV ShIdI
vwlI QW ’qy hI ipAw sI[srkwr v`loN pihrydwr auQy qwienwq kIqy gey
sn[ieiqhwsk vyrivAW Anuswr aus smyN AYsw J`KV hnHyrI vgI ik h`Q
mwirAw vI idKweI nhIN sI dy irhw[gurU ikRpw sdkw BweI l`KI Swh
vxjwrw Aqy aus dy pu`qr BweI ngwhIAw, ijhVy kw&I v`fy vpwrI sn,
gurU swihb nwL aunHW dy sMbMD sn Aqy ShId BweI mnI isMG jI l`KI Swh
dI spu`qrI bIbI sIqo nwL ivAwhy hoey sn, ny mOkw qwV ky PurqI nwl
gurU jI dy DV nUM Awpxy g`fy ’c itkwieAw[auprMq Awpxy Gr dy iv`c
bVy siqkwr nwl plMG ’qy itkw ky sskwr kr id`qw[sujwn is`KW ny
gurU swihb dy Asq ie`k gwgr iv`c pw ky DrqI ’c d`b id`qy[l`KI Swh
risAwnw (Raisaina) ipMf ’c rihMdy sn[A`j vI risAwnw rof mShUr hY
ikauNik ies aup`r gurduAwrw rkwb gMj swihb siQ`q hY[rkwb gMj ies
dw nW ies kr ky hY ik ies ipMf iv`c mugl &Oj dy GoiVAW dIAW rkwbW
bxdIAW sn[B`t kySo ny siqgurW dI DV auTwaux bwry ieauN iliKAw hY[

(111)
 clw clweI ho rhI g`f g`fy auKry myK[
lKI ngwhIAw lY cly qU Krw qmwSw dyK[
muglW ny is`KI inSwn imtwaux leI sskwr vwLI jgHw ’qy msIq
bxw id`qI sI[jdoN BweI bGyl isMG ny muslmwnW nUM iek`Tw kr ky
ikhw, ‘ieh piv`qr jgHw sRI gurU qyg bhwdr jI nwl sMbMDq hY[ AsIN
msIq Fwh ky ie`Qy gurduAwry dw inrmwx krnw hY qW ieh lok A`g dy
BbUky vWg rOlw pwaux l`g pey Aqy c`lwey ik msIq nUM koeI Fwh nhIN
skdw[ieh iek`Ty ho ky bwdSwh pws phuMc gey Aqy PurmwieAw:
gyr msIqy ikm jIey, jihN bYs invwj pVHwie[63
hm jIvq ikm msIq igrn, dyNih ibnw idlI krvwey Qyh[(65)
Bwv BwvyN id`lI Qyh ho jwvy ijauNdy jIA AsIN msIq nhIN Fwhux
dyxI[(pRwcIn pMQ pRkwS)
BweI bGyl isMG ny ieh rOLw-r`pw dyK jwx ilAw ik qurk dMgy
&swd krngy[BweI swihb ny sunyhw Byj hor ^wlsw &oj id`lI pws bulw
leI[qurkW nUM Purmwn jwrI kr id`qw ik ijs ny vI isMGW nwl lVweI
dI hu`jq kIqI aus nUM mwr mukw idAWgy[auDroN bwdSwh ny qurkW nUM kih
id`qw ik msIqW vwLIAW QwvW ’qy gurdvwry auswrn leI myrI ilKq
bGyl isMG nwL hoeI hY, mYN ies qoN mu`kr nhIN skdw[vYrI nUM qwkq
vrq ky hI nij`iTAw jw skdw hY[BweI bGyl isMG ny rOLw pwaux vwly
mohrIAW nUM ie`Qy q`k kih id`qw ik msIq vwlI jgHw hyT gurU jI dIAW
AsQIAW dI gwgr mOjUd hY[jykr ieh inSwnI nw inklI qW AsIN Awp
ie`Qy msIq bxvw ky idAWgy[BweI swihb leI AYsy hwlwqW dI bVI AOKI
qy prK vwlI GVI sI[AwKIr Syr idl XoDy ny msIq Fwhux sMbMDI kwgz
’qy ilKvw ilAw[[pRwcIn pMQ pRkwS iv`c drz hY:
jo aun ilK qYN QI ilKI isMG sB ie`k QW kIn[
rwm idAwl idvwn h`Q Swh A`gY Dr dIn (73)
dyK Swh bhu KuSIAW BXo[hmYN kwPr isMG iekly n kIE[
hmry sMg qum bhu imlvwey[Ab qurq dyvo jwie igrwey (74)
bwdSwh dy hukm imldy hI isMGW ny QOiVAW, khIAW, s`blW Aqy
gMDwilAW nwL do pihrW (qkrIbn 6 GMitAW) iv`c msIq dw nwmo-

(112)
inSwn im`tw id`qw[jYkwirAW dI gUMj iv`c inSwn swihb Julw id`qw Aqy
dyg vrqweI geI[rqn isMG BMgU ilKdy hn:
kr kVwh qihM isMGn bhu lXwie kr dIE vrqwie[
qurkn Gr sogy BXo AO isMGn mn suK pwie[(79)
ieM\ bVI jldI isMGW nUM lgw ky gurduAwrw auswr id`qw[gurduAwrw
rkwb gMj nvIN id`lI ’c pMq rof ’qy siQ`q hY Aqy pwrlImYNt dy swmHxy
hY[ies dI AwlISwn iemwrq dy Awly-duAwLy suMdr lih lhwauNdy bwg
hn[ies dy drSnW leI cwry pwsy gyt hn[

gurduAwrw sIs gMj swihb

gurduAwrw sIs gMj swihb sRI gurU qyg bhwdr jI v`loN id`lI dy
cWdnI cONk ivKy ihMdU Drm nUM bcwaux ^wqr id`qI Shwdq dw piv`qr
AsQwn hY[AOrMgzyb bwdSwh ny siqgurW v`loN muslmwn Drm nw
AKiqAwr krn dy ievz vjoN aunHW nUM kql krn dw hukm dy id`qw sI[
jdoN kSmIr qoN Awey 500 ihMdUAW dy j`Qy ny AwnMdpur Aw ky kMbdy
h`QW, DVkdy idlW Aqy Clkdy nYxW nwl siqgurW A`gy ihMdU Drm bcwaux
leI pukwr kIqI qW aunHW iehnW dI bWh PVI[siqgurW idlwsw dy ky
ikhw, ‘id`lI dy bwdSwh nUM AwK idau ik jykr gurU qyg bhwdr is`K Drm
C`f muslmwn bx jwvygw qW AsIN vI ieslwm kbUl kr lvWgy’[ijauN
hI ihMdUAW ieh sunyhw bwdSwh nUM id`qw aus ny gurU jI nUM pkVn leI
ispwhI Byj id`qy[gurU jI qW Awp hI pMj is`KW BweI mqI dws, BweI
sqI dws, BweI idAwlw, BweI gurid`qw Aqy BweI audw jI nUM nwL id`lI
v`l c`l pey sn[Awm dyiKAw hY ik kwql mkqUl kol c`l ky AwauNdw
hY pr gurU jI ny aultI gMgw vhweI[Awgry ivKy bVy hI inAwry FMg nwL
igRPqwrI id`qI[auQoN ienHW nUM id`lI ilAw ky ie`k hvylI jo kwPI icr qoN
suM\I peI sI auQy f`k id`qw, frwvy Aqy qsIhy id`qy gey[gurU swihb ny
BweI gurid`qy Aqy BweI audy nUM qW vwps AwnMdpur Byj id`qw sI[
AOrMgzyb ny pihlI mIitMg dOrwn siqgurW nUM ieslwm Dwrn krn
’qy zor pwieAw pr siqgurW ny nWh kr id`qI[dUjI mIitMg ’c bwdSwh
ny ikhw, ‘quhwfw nW qyg bhwdr hY mYnUM qusIN qyg dy jOhr idKwau jW koeI
krwmwq idKwau[ gurU swihb ny au~qr id`qw, “Swh jI! ies bwry qusIN

(113)
Awp hI jwx jwauNgy pr AsIN krwmwq ’c ivSvws nhIN r`Kdy[ qIjI
mIitMg ’c is`KW smyq gurU swihb nUM cWdnI cONk ivKy kql krn leI
hukm kr id`qw[

cWdnI cOk
cWdnI cOk aus smyN id`lI Sihr dy kyNdr iv`c sI Aqy Sihr
dy Awly-duAwly kMD kIqI hoeI sI[ ies cONk iv`c ie`k suMdr qlwb
bixAw hoieAw sI Aqy ies nUM 17 vIN sdI iv`c Swh jhwn bwdSwh ny
bxvwieAw sI[ies qlwb dI rUp-ryKw Swh jhwn dI bytI jhwnAwrw
ny iqAwr kIqI sI[qlwb dw pwxI rwq smyN cMdmRW dI cWdnI (roSnI)
nwL cmkx kr ky ies cONk dw nW cWdnI cONk mShUr ho igAw[keI
ieiqhwskwrW dy kQn Anuswr ies cONk kol qkrIbn 1520 gz (4560
Pu`t) Aqy 40 gz (120 Pu`t) lMbweI cOVweI vwlw bwzwr sI[ieQy cWdI
dI KRIdo Prokq dw v`fw vpwr sI ies kwrn vI lok ies nUM cWdnI
cONk kihMdy sn[ies bwzwr dIAW dukwnW vI ArD cMd (Half moon) dy
Awkwr vwlIAW sn[
ies cONk dw rsqw lwl iklHy dy lwhOrI drvwzy qoN &qihpurI
msjd vl jWdw sI Aqy dirimAwn dI nihr vI vgdI sI[lwhOrI
drvwzy qoN koqvwlI q`k ‘aurdU bwzwr’ sI[cWdnI cONk qoN koqvwlI
kol ‘jOhrI bwzwr’ Aqy cWdnI cONk qoN &qihpurI msjd q`k AMgryzI
srkwr ny ies cONk iv`c GMtw Gr bxvw id`qw sI jo 1950 q`k mOjUd
sI[sMn 1857 dy gdr dOrwn ies cONk dI bhuq qoV BMn hoeI sI[jwmw
msjd vI ieQy nyVy hI suSoBq hY[
bwdSwh qW sMswrI qOr ’qy ienHW nUM BYBIq krn frwaux, dihlwaux
Aqy sihmaux vwLy kMm kr irhw sI pr ieh prm hMs rUpI rUhW
inrMkwrI klw nwL juVIAW hoeIAW sn[gurU swihb ny g`lbwq smyN vI
AOrMgzyb nUM ieh icqwr id`qw sI:
BY kwhUM ko dyq nh nh BYA mwnq Awn] (1429)
gurU swihb kihMdy, “AOrMgzyb[qUM swnUM frwauxw cwhMunw hYN[ ieh
is`KI jo gurU nwnk ny AwrMB kIqI hY ies AMdr pRBU dI pRymw BgqI vwLy
is`K nw Awry dy dMidAW qoN, nw aubldIAW dygW ’c CwlW mwrn qoN Aqy

(114)
nw hI A`g dIAW lptW qoN frn vwly hn[ienHW dI prK qUM A`KIN jykr
nw vI dyKI qW kMnW nwl sux lvyNgw[”
10 mwrc 1675 nUM cWdnI cONk ivKy BweI mqI dws dy srIr ’qy
Awrw clw ky jlwd ny doPWg kr id`qw, BweI sqI dws nUM rUM iv`c lpyt
A`g lgw id`qI Aqy BweI idAwl dws (idAwlw jI) nUM aubldI dyg ’c
bYTw ky ShId kr id`qw[ieM\ ienHW drsw id`qw ik gurU dy is`K qW dUjy
Drm leI vI jwnW vwr idMdy hn, Awpxw Drm ieh ikvyN iqAwg skdy
hn? BweI mqI dws, BweI sqI dws Aqy idAwl dws dI kurbwnI bwry
B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI ’c drz hY:
‘gYlo mqI dws, sqI dws byty hIrw nMd ky, poqy l`KI dws ky pVHpoqy
iprwgw ky bMs goqm kw SwrsuqI Bwgvq goqry iC`br bwhmx mwry gey’[
‘idAwl dws (mnI isMG dw v`fw Brw) mweI dws kw poqw, b`lU
kw pVpoqw, mUlo kw, cMdrvMsI BwrdvwjI, goqr pMvwr, bMs bINJy rwauq
jlhwnw, gurU gYloN, mghr sudI pMcmI sMmq sqrw sY bqIs ko id`lI
cWdnI cONk ky mlhwn SwhI hukm gYl mwrw igAw[
Agly idn 11 mwrc 1675 nUM sRI gurU qyg bhwdr jI nUM SwhI hukm
Anuswr cWdnI cONk ivKy svyr vyly ilAWdw igAw[siqgurW ny KUh ’qy
ieSnwn kIqw Aqy cONkI ’qy cOkVw mwr bYT gey[kwjI vI Aw igAw Aqy
jlwd vI bulw ilAw[kwjI ny pwqSwh nUM iPr ikhw, “Ajy vI ieslwm
kbUl kr lvo nhIN qW mOq leI iqAwr hovo[siqgurW au~qr id`qw,”
kwjI swihb:
icMqw qw kI kIjIAY jo AnhonI hoie]
eyh mwrg sMswr ko nwnk iQr nhI koie](1427)
siqgurW jlwd nUM ieh AwK ky ik BweI jdoN AsIN sIs JukwvWgy
qUM qlvwr dw vwr kr leIN, pRBU dI pRymw BgqI ’c lIn ho gey[kuJ
smW ip`CoN ijauN hI siqgurW sIs JukwieAw jlwd ny qlvwr clw swihbW
dw sIs DV nwloN v`K kr id`qw[DrqI KUn vihx nwl lwlo lwL ho
geI[ieh idl kMbwaU kwrnwmw q`k dyKx vwilAW dy dMd juV gey Aqy
A&sosy mn nwL GrW nUM qur gey[pwp dI h`d q`k sUrj vI SrimMdw ho
b`dlW auhly ho igAw, Awsmwn ny krvt leI A`q dw J`KV c`l ipAw

(115)
Aqy mwnoN cVHI gihr vI gm drsw rhI sI[sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI ny
ipqw jI dI Shwdq bwry bic`qR nwtk ’c aucwirAw:
TIkir Poir idlIis isir pRB pr kIXw pXwn]
qyg bhwdr sI ikRAw krI n iknhUM Awn]
qyg bhwdr ky clq BXo jgq ko sok]
hY hY hY sB jg BXo jY jY jY surlok] (dsm gRMQ)
BwvyN srdwr bGyl isMG jI jwxdy sn ik gurU jI dy kqlgwh dI
QW cWdnI cONk kol hY, jdoN auh isMGW smyq cWdnI cONk pu`jy qW dyiKAw
ik auQy msIq bxI hoeI hY Aqy msIq kol ie`k KUhI BI hY ikauNik ieh
mhwn swkw 105 swl pihlW vriqAw sI Aqy qurkW ny Shwdq vwLI
jgHw nUM Kurd vurd krn leI msIq bxw id`qI sI[pr AYsy AnoKy Aqy
piv`qr AsQwn kdy gu`Jy nhIN rihMdy[auh jIvn dwqw ShIdW dIAW
piv`qr QwvW nUM pRgt krn leI mhwn SKsIAqW nUM bl bKS ky sMswr
’qy ‘Byj idMdw hY[
BweI bGyl isMG nUM aus smyN ie`k swKW nW dI bu`FI mwSkn (water
carrier using leather bag filled with water) imLI[aus ny d`isAw ik
myrw A`bw pIr gurU qyg bhwdr jI dI Shwdq smyN auQy hwjr sI Aqy
aus ny mYnUM kurbwnI vwLI jgHw bwry d`isAw sI[myry A`bw ny pIr nUM
kql krn vwlI QW jo KUn nwl l`Q-p`Q hoeI peI sI nUM pwxI nwl Doqw
sI[auh mwSkn srdwr nUM msIq koL lY geI Aqy ieSwry nwl shI QW
d`sI[BMgU rqn isMG ShId AwpxI ikRq pRwcIn pMQ pRkwS ’c ilKdy hn:
qo ie`k aUhw QI mwSkn prwnI[so isMG jI s`d p`CI isAwnI[
aunY khIN hm pqw bqweI[ihMdU pIr eIhW cONkI fsweI[(81)
msIq kMD qihN aupr cOQweI[qihM siqgurU isr qyg lgvweI[
pUrb vl Qy muK kr bhy[lgI qyg isr Agy igr Aey[(82)
jdoN isMGW ny msIq igrwaux leI iqAwrI kIqI qW qurk v`fI
igxqI iv`c iek`qr ho JgVw krn l`g pey[mwr-mrweI q`k g`l phuMc
geI Aqy ie`ky dm qurk bwdSwh kol gey[srdwr leI vI prK dI
GVI sI Aqy mn iv`c ieh g`l GVI Aqy icqwrI ik ieh AsQwn
bxwaux leI jykr pRwx vI dyx dI loV peI qW dy idAWgw[dUjy idn
bwdSwh ny Awpxw vzIr ByijAw[ BweI bGyl isMG ny g`lbwq dOrwn

(116)
vzIr nUM AwiKAw, “ShIdoN kI icqwauN sy ikAw ibhqr hY kwAbw”[AsIN
hoey smJOqy Anuswr ieh jgHw hrigz bxwauxI hY[vzIr ny qurkW nUM
AwiKAw, “JgVw nw kro, Awpxw jwn mwl bcwau”[ ieM\ aus ny kol
Klo ky msIq dI kMD FuhweI[isMGW ny idnW iv`c hI sIs gMj gurduAwrw
auswr id`qw[ieM\ srdwr bGyl isMG ny 8 ku mhIinAW iv`c 7 gurduAwry
bxvw ky mhwn pMQk kwrj kIqw[ BMgU jI dy Sbd hn:
m`D id`lI lXo dyhuro icxwie[sqmo JMfy iem dIE Julwie[
bjwey ngwry kVwh krwey[isK prsMn cqrPoN Awey [(56)
srdwr bGyl isMG iem gF mwrw[rhUgw ipRQI aus nwm aujwrw[
AYsI krI aun gur kI kwr[pwaU jgw vih gur ky dÍwr[(57)

bGyl isMG vloN id`lI C`fxw

^wlsw qW s`c dw AlMbrdwr hY, kihxI krnI ’c prp`k, gurU dy
bolW ’qy pihrw dyx vwlw, musIbqW ƒ mKOl krn vwlw, vYrIAW nUM nwgW
dI qrHW fMgx vwLw, sUlI ’qy cVH ky Foly gwaux vwlw, PWsI dy r`sy cuMm
ky jYkwry gjwaux vwLw, inrblW nUM gLy lwaux vwlw, isdk pwlx vwlw,
zmIr nUM mu`K r`K kIqy bcnW nUM inBwaux vwlw hY[ieh Drm nUM inrmolk
hIrw mMn bwdSwhIAW nUM Tokr mwr idMdw hY[ieM\ Drm dy somy (gurduAwry)
auswr ky kIqy ilKqI vwAdy Anuswr nvMbr 1783 nUM srdwr bGyl isMG
ny id`lI dy bwdSwh Swh Awlm (dUjy) nUM Sukrwny dw sMdyS ByijAw[ies
sMdyS iv`c ieh vI ilK id`qw ik is`K &Oz dsMbr 1783 nUM id`lI qoN clI
jwvygI[
bGyl isMG dw sMdyS pVH ky bwdSwh ny su`K dw swh ilAw Aqy
soicAw ik AweI ibpqw tL geI hY[sUhIAW ny vI Swh Awlm nUM ^br
id`qI ik is`KW dw muKI quhwfy leI idl AMdr v`fw siqkwr Aqy ipAwr
rKdw hY[fwktr hrI rwm gupqw ilKdy hn ik id`lI ’c rihMidAW
BweI bGyl isMG dI Swh Awlm nwL pihlW koeI vI imlxI nhIN sI
hoeI[srdwr dw cMgw ruK sux bwdSwh ny Awpxw dUq sbzI mMfI,
ij`Qy bGyl isMG dw itkwxw sI au~Qy ByijAw[aus dUq ny sunyhw id`qw
ik bwdSwh slwmq quhwnUM imlxw cwhuMdy hn[BweI swihb ny au~qr
iv`c AwiKAw, “swfI imlxI dI g`l muSkl lgdI hY”[dUq ny ikhw,

(117)
“srdwr jI! bwdSwh jI quhwnUM imlx leI bVy auqsk hn”[ BweI
bGyl isMG kihMdy, “vzIr swihb! pihlI g`l qW ieh hY ik gurU dw isMG
hox dy nwqy myrw isr iksy mugl dy A`gy nhIN Jukygw ikauNik bwdSwh nUM
jw ky slwm krn vyly hor koeI Awpxw isr JukwauNdw hY[dUjI g`l hY mYN
kdy vI ie`klw nhIN jwvWgw, myry nwL sYinkW dw dl jwvygw Aqy auh
pUrI qrHW SsqrW nwL lYs hoxgy[qIjI Srq swfI ieh hY ik bwdSwh
nUM imlx jwx smyN gLIAW jW rsiqAW iv`c koeI vI SihrI swnUM bol-
kbol nhIN bolygw Aqy GtIAw kwrvweI nhIN krygw, jykr iksy ny koeI
mwnhwnI vwLI g`l kIqI qW swfy sYinkW nUM rokxw myry v`s qoN bwhrI g`l
hovygI[ies qrHW auh SwhI dUq srdwr nUM iml ky lwl iklHy ’c phuMicAw
Aqy imlxI dIAW SrqW vI bwdSwh A`gy pyS kIqIAW[bwdSwh dI hwlq
aus smyN jMgl dy aunHW jwnvrW vrgI bxI hoeI sI ijs AMdr Syr dI
dhwV sux auh GurinAW ’coN bwhr nhIN inkldy[bwdSwh ny soc ivcwr
ky srdwr dIAW sB SrqW kbUl kr dUq nUM imlxI sMbMDI qRIk Aqy smW
insicq krn leI kih id`qw[
SwhI dUq bwdSwh dw sMdyS lY ky BweI bGyl isMG kol phuMicAw[aus
AwiKAw, “mIitMg dw smW Aqy idn d`so[AsIN quhwfy phuMcx vwLy rsqy
’qy imAwdI krw idAWgy ik koeI SihrI A`j GrW qoN bwhr nhIN inkl
skdw Aqy GrW dy drvwjy bMd kr AMdr hI rihxgy[hor qW hor bu`cVW
dIAW mIt dIAW dukwnW vI AsIN aus idn bMd krvw idAWgy”[AwKIr
imlxI dw idn is`K srdwr dy hW krn ’qy qYA ho igAw[
bwdSwh nwL srdwr dI imlxI vwLy idn sUcnw dyx vwLy cobdwr
Aqy imAwdI krn vwly sbzI mMfI, ij`Qy isMGW dI Tihr sI svyry hI
phuMc gey[auDroN isMG srdwr vI suMdr bsqr Aqy Ssqr pihn iqAwr
ho gey Aqy GoiVAW ’qy kwTIAW pw aunHW nUM KUB sjwieAw[hrI rwm gupqw
AwpxI pusqk History of the Sikhs-Sikh Domination of the Mugal
Empire (1764-1803) iv`c AMikq krdy hn ik is`KW dw dsqw BweI
bGyl isMG dI kmwn hyT sbzI mMfI qoN quirAw[ies dy A`gy muglW dy
hokw dyx vwLy au~cIAW AwvwzW iv`c bol rhy sn ik is`KW dw dl Aw irhw
hY koeI bwhr nw inkly[ srdwr bGyl isMG pUrn qOr qy SsqrDwrI
ho sjy hoey hwQI dy hONd ’qy bYTw sI Aqy ie`k is`K aus dy sIs ’qy mor

(118)
dy KMBW dy bxy cor nwL cOr kr irhw sI[bGyl isMG dy hwQI dy A`gy
Aqy ip`Cy isMGW dy dsqy jYkwry gjwauNdy c`l rhy sn[iPr swry GoiVAW
Aqy hwQI smyq lwl iklHy AMdr dwKl ho gey[srdwr bGyl isMG Aqy
aus dy cwr swQI ijnHW ’c s`dw isMG qy dulcw isMG vI Swml sI hyTW
au~qry jd ik bwkI dy sYink auh GoiVAW ’qy hI svwr rhy[iPr auh swry
dIvwn-ey-Awm ’c dwKl hoey[ sYinkW nUM GoiVAW ’qy svwr sjy rihx
dw hukm vI isMGW dI rx nIqI sI ikauNik kI pqw bwdSwh Awpxy sYinkW
qoN kdoN hmlw krvw dyvy[ muglW dy rihnumw ny Awpxy v`loN qwbydwrI
idKweI, isMGW ny boly so inhwl siq sRI Akwl dy jYkwry gjwey[prDwn
mMqRI ny srdwr bGyl isMG nUM Aqy aus dy swQI srdwrW nUM kursIAW ’qy
bYTwieAw[swmHxy Swh Aqy kcihrI ’c ihMdU qurk bYTy sn[Swh dy kihx
’qy ihMdU vzIrW ny isMGW nUM &qih bulweI[isMGW v`loN bwdSwh nUM qIr
kmwn ByNt kIqw[ies sMbMDI BMgU jI dy Sbd hn:
isMG jI Swhy kmwn idvweI[leI Swih duie h`Q auTweI[
KYr KrIAq bhu puCI piqSwh[krI g`ly joaU dosqI rwih[
bwdSwh v`loN srdwr bGyl isMG nUM kImqI iK`lq ByNt kIqI ijs
iv`c ie`k hwQI suMdr AMbwrI nwL sijAw hoieAw, ie`k vDIAw nsl
dw GoVw Aqy ie`k hIirAW nwl jiVAw hwr Swml sI[iesy qrHW nwL
dy srdwrW nUM vI qoh&y id`qy gey[ienHW qoN ielwvw srdwr bGyl isMG nUM
id`lI dI ku`l cUMgI dw 12.5 pRqISq ih`sw hr swl ClONdI ivKy jo aus
dw sdr mukwm (Head quarter) hY ies Srq ’qy phuMcw idAw krWgy ik
qusIN id`lI ’qy muV hmlw nhIN kroNgy[ ieiqhwsk q`Q ieh vI drswauNdy
hn ik bwdSwh ny KuS ho ky bGyl isMG dy nW 12 eykV zmIn vI luAw
id`qI sI ijs iv`c pwrlImYNt hwaUs vgYrw bxy hoey hn pr smyN dIAW
srkwrW ny ieh sB ieiqhwsk q`Q imtw id`qy[
bGyl isMG Aqy srdwrW ny id`lI C`fx smyN KuSI dy ngwry bjwey
Aqy gurU SbdW dy au~cI au~cI AvwzW iv`c qrwny gwey[ aus smyN iek`qr
hoey lokW nUM imTweI pul ’qy imiTAweI vMfI[ kihMdy ny bGyl isMG
imiTAweI Kwx dw bhuq SOkIn sI[ id`lI Sihr iv`c ho rhI hr FoAw-
FuAweI ies pul qoN dI lMGdI sI[ iesy pul ’qy cuMgI kr augwihAw jWdw
sI[ bGyl isMG ny ies dy nzdIk bhuq swrIAW imiTAweI vwLIAW

(119)
dukwnW KulvweIAW[ vDIAw imiTAweI iqAwr krn vwilAW nUM ienwm
vI id`qy jWdy sn[ ieiqhws iv`c ieh vI drz hY ik cuMgI dyx vwly hr
ie`k vpwrI, g`fy, ryVHy, tWgy Awid vwLy nUM imiTAweI vI KuAweI jWdI
sI[ lokW ny ies pul dw nW ‘bGyl isMG imTweI puL’ r`K id`qw[ ieh
puL A`j vI purwxI id`lI dy rylvy stySn koL mOjUd hY[ ies koL kuqb
rof Aqy Awzwd mwrkIt rof imLdI hY[ A`j klH ies puL hyT dI ryl
dIAW do lweInW lMGdIAW hn[
BMgU rqn isMG ShId jI ilKdy hn ik bGyl isMG ny id`lI C`fx
auprMq isMGW smyq sRI hirmMdr swihb dy srovr ’c ieSnwn kr
siqgurW dw DMnvwid kIqw[ rqn isMG BMgU Anuswr:
TwxW id`lI bhwih iPr piqSwho CXwnI ilKwie[
sRI AMimRqsr icq ieSnwn Dr muV piVE iqs hI rwih[
so srdwr bGyl isMG kRoVisMGIAw imsl dw jrnYl ie`k mhwn
mrd sI[ ieh gurU dy ieSk dw bdr munIr, roSn zmIr Aqy ^wlsy dI
qsvIr Aqy qkdIr dw mwno GwVw sI[ ies dy kIqy mhwn kwrnwimAW
kwrn hI mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dw is`K rwj hoNd iv`c AwieAw[ ies
dI bhwdrI bwry ilKxw bxdw hY[
Syr vWg g`jxw, vYrI dy sIny v`jxw, gurU dy isMG dw kwj sI[
rx iv`coN kdy nhIN B`jxw, Eie myirAw s`jxw ieh aus dw nwd sI[
idl Cpwxw Awpxw qy idl ihlwxw vYrI dw, ieh aus dw ivsmwd sI[
JMfw auTwxw pMQ dw ’qy Sbd gwauxw gurU gRMQ dw,
iehI bGyl isMG dw rwj sI[
sRI gurU gRMQ swihb jI dI bwxI AMdr AYsy gurmuK ipAwry leI
AMikq hY:
DMnu su vMs, DMnu su ipqw, DMnu su mwqw ijin jn jxY[ (ññóõ)

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 pusqk pRmwx
ikrpwl isMG nwrMg (1968) pMjwb dw ieiqhws (1500-1858)[ XU.sI.
kpUr AYNf snz, kSmIrI gyt id`lI[
igAwnI igAwn isMG (1987) pMQ pRkwS[ BwSw ivBwg pMjwb, pitAwlw[
sMq ikrpwl isMG (1980) jPrnwmw stIk pRkwSk BweI cqr isMG
jIvn isMG bwzwr mweI syvW, AMimRqsr[
BMgU rqn isMG ShId (1914) pRwcIn pMQ pRkwS[sMpwidq pdm BUSx fw.
BweI vIr isMG (1982), pRkwSk SYkspIAr Awrt pRYs 12 gurU
nwnk purw rylvy ilMk rof AMimRqsr, mhW isMG mnyjr, Kwlsw
smwcwr, AMimRqsr[
ipAwrw isMG pdm (1963) sMKyp is`K ieiqhws (1569-1689) klm
mMidr, pitAwlw[
muhMmd lqIP (1994) pMjwb dw ieiqhws (2) Anuvwdk gurmuK isMG
gurmuK, pRkwSk qyijMdr bIr isMG, lwhOr buk Swp, nyVy suswietI
isnmw, luiDAwxw[
ikrpwl isMG (1995) is`K ieiqhws dy ivSyS p`K[Drm pRcwr kmytI,
pRkwSk SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI, sRI AMimRqsr[
divMdr isMG du`gl (2012) is`K kMOm dw Swndwr ivrsw[ Drm pRcwr
kmytI, pRkwSk SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI, sRI AMimRqsr[
is`K imSnrI kwlj (rij.) luiDAwxw (2001) s. j`sw isMG rwmgVHIAw[
pRkwSk is`K imSnrI kwlj, luiDAwxw(5), 1051 kUcw ngr,
PIlf gMj, luiDAwxw[
svrnjIq isMG (1996) srdwr bGyl isMG jI[ pusqk pRm`uK is`K
SKsIAqW, pMnw 149-51 sMpwdk rUp isMG, Drm pRcwr kmytI,
sRI AMimRqsr[
mnmohn bwvw (2011) bGyl isMG[ nwvl 1857 id`lI, pMnw 132-165,
pRkwSk: lok gIq pRkwSn sYktr 34 ey, cMfIgVH[

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the Mugal Empire (1764-1803). Published by Munshiram and
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Book Shop, Chandni Chock, Delhi
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