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Biogas
•Biogas is a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide.
•The properties of biogas are similar to the ones of natural
gas.
•Biogas is the common name for the mixture of gases
released from anaerobic digestion.
•Typically biogas is composed of: Methane (CH4) 50 to 75 %
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) 25 to 50 %
Hydrogen (H) 5 to 10 %
Nitrogen (N2) 1 to 2 %
Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) Traces
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Possible Benefits for Users:
– Social:
• Improved sanitation: reduction of pathogens, worm eggs and flies
• Reduction of workload: less firewood collection, better cooking
performance
• Improved indoor air quality: less smoke and harmful particle
emission of biogas stove compared to wood or dung fuels;
– Environmental
• Production of green energy
• Reduction of greenhouse gas emission
• Organic fertilizer production
– Economical:
• Better Health more work capacity
• Fertilizer, better crop yields, better Health
• Fuel substitution
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History of Biogas 2005 – The
Biogas Support
program in
1808 – Sir Nepal wins the
Humphrey Davy Ashden Reward
found that for installing
methane was over 150,000
present in the Biogas Plants in
gases that is rural areas. And
formed by the 1895 – Biogas is a Biogas
Anaerobic used to light up powered train
Digestion of the streets in starts it's service
manure Exeter, England in Sweden
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Anaerobic Digestion
D. SPUHLER (2010)
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Anaerobic Digestion
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ANAEROBIC DIGESTION
• Types of Biogas Plants
– There are various types of biogas plants available in the
world and they are classified mainly based on feeding
method and construction.
– Based on the feed method, three different forms can be
distinguished:
Batch plants,
Continuous plants,
Semi-batch plants.
– Based on the construction, two main types of simple
biogas plants can be distinguished:
Fixed-dome plants,
Floating-drum plants.
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION
• Types of Biogas Plants
– Batch type digesters.
In batch type plants, materials fed into the digester at a time and
sealed only allowing the gas to exit and then emptied completely
after a fixed retention time.
Each design and each fermentation material is suitable for batch
filling, but batch plants require high labor input.
The major disadvantage of this type is unsteady gas-output.
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1
2
1 - Digester.
2 - Gasholder.
3 - Gas pipe.
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION
• Types of Biogas Plants
– Continuous type digesters.
Once the process started, regular quantity of waste are fed and
regular quantity of material discharged, continuously.
They empty automatically through the overflow whenever new
material is filled in.
Therefore, the substrate must be fluid and homogeneous. This
technology is suitable for both medium and large scale waste
treatment and large scale biogas production.
Advantages of this type are constant and higher gas production
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION
• Types of Biogas Plants
– Semi-batch type digesters.
If the two materials which have completely different digestion
rates (such as straw and dung) are to be digested together, a
biogas plant can be operated on a semibatch basis.
The slowly digested straw-type material is fed in about twice a
year as a batch load. The dung is added and removed regularly.
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION
• Types of Biogas Plants
– Fixed Dome type digesters.
Major difference between fixed dome and floating drum type plant
is, a floating-drum plant consists of a floating gas-holder, or drum.
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION
• Types of Biogas Plants
– Floating drum type digesters.
This floats either directly in the fermenting slurry or in a separate
water jacket.
The drum in which the biogas collects has an internal and/or
external guide frame that provides stability and keeps the drum
upright. If biogas is produced, the drum moves up, if gas is
consumed, the gasholder sinks back.
Floating-drum plants are used mainly in continuous feed mode of
operation.
They are used most frequently by small- to middle-sized farms
(digester size: 5-15m3) or in institutions and larger agro-industrial
estates (digester size: 20-100m3)
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION
• Types of Biogas Plants
– Advantages of fixed dome type.
Produce just as much gas as floating-drum plants, if they are
gas-tight.
Low cost operation
Simple design
Long life of the plant (20 years or more)
– Disadvantages of fixed dome type.
Utilization of the gas is less effective as the gas pressure
fluctuates substantially.
Labor-intensive design
Not easy to build.
Difficult to achieve gas tightness.
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION
• Types of Biogas Plants
– Advantages of floating drum type.
Simple operation
Provide gas at a constant pressure
Stored gas-volume is immediately recognizable by the position of
the
– Disadvantages of floating drum type.
The steel drum is relatively expensive and maintenance-
intensive.
Removing rust and painting has to be carried out regularly.
The life-time of the drum is short (up to 15 years; in tropical
coastal regions about five years).