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J. Env. Bio-Sci., 2016: Vol. 30 (1):181-183 ISSN 0973-6913 (Print), ISSN 0976-3384 (On Line)

ALTERATION IN THE ACTIVITY OF GLUTAMIC PYRUVIC TRANSAMINASE

IN THE BLOOD OF A FRESH WATER FISH LABEO ROHITA
UNDER THE STRESS OF AZODYES
Poonam Gupta
Dept. of Zoology,
D. A. K. College, Moradabad, (U. P.), India
[Corresponding author E-mail: poonamgupta2909@gmail.com]

Received: 21-02-2016 Revised: 14-03-2016 Accepted: 05-04-2016

This study reveals significant alterations in the activity of Glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) enzyme in the blood of a fresh
water teleost Labeo rohita when exposed to two azodyesMetanil yellow (4 - aniline azo benzene - m -sulfonic acid ) and Bismark
brown ( 2, 4 - diamino 3' amino azo benzene ). The activity of the enzyme GPT was found to increase significantly ( P < 0.01 ) at both
acute exposure ( 48 hrs. & 96hrs. ) and chronic exposure ( 15 days & 30 days ) in the blood of Labeo rohita.

The measurement of serum biochemical parameters can be MATERIAL AND METHODS

useful as diagnostic tool in toxicology to find the general health
Livining specimen of Labeo rohita were collected from local
status and target organs affected by toxicants. Cell contain
fresh water resources and acclimatized in laboratory conditions
enzymes that are necessary to their function. When the
for a minimum period of seven days before experimentation.
integrity of a cell is disrupted, enzymes escape into plasma/
Visibly healthy fishes were selected and treated with 0.1%
serum where their activity can be measured as a useful index
KMnO4 solution and divided into five batches. One batch was
of cell integrity1. Modification in enzyme activity occur by cell
kept in water and was used as control. The remaining four
death, increase or decrease enzyme production, obstruction
batches were kept in acute and chronic concentrations of
of normal excretory route, increase cell membrane permeability
metanil yellow and bismark brown. Water was replaced
or impair circulation2. In last few decades increase in population
periodically and black paper was used to prevent any possible
density, heavy industrialization and agricultural activities have
photo-oxidation of the dyes. The fishes of all batches were
resulted in more and more wastes entering in fresh water
sacrificed at 48 hrs. and 96hrs. ( acute exposure ) and 15
resources. Contamination of fresh water with a wide range of
days and 30 days ( chronic exposure ). The blood was collected
pollutants has become a matter of concern over last few
from cut caudal vein and was allowed to clot at room
decades3. Aquatic animals have often being used in bioassays
temperature and then centrifuged at 2000 rpm. The 't' test of
to monitor water quality. The development of biological
Fisher was used to calculate the significance of data 7.
monitoring techniques based on fish offers the possibility of
checking water pollution with fast responses on low RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
concentrations of direct acting toxicants4-5. Fish are excellent
Conspicuous changes were observed in the activity of Glutamic
subjects for the study of various effects of cotaminants present
pyruvic transaminase in the blood of Labeo rohita under the
in water sample since they can metabolize, concentrate and
stress of metanil yellow andbismark brown (Table-1 ). The
store water borne pollutants. Since fish often respond to
elevation in the blood was found to be + 70.58% and +
toxicants in a similar way to higher vertebrates, they can be
122.10% at acute ( 48 hrs. and 96 hrs ) and +220.67% and
used to screen for chemicals that are potentially teratogenic
+ 358.65% at chronic ( 15 days and 30 days ) exposures
and carcinogenic in humans. The main application for model
under the stress of metanilyellow. Similarly the elevation was
system using fish is to determine the distribution and effect of
+ 40% and 159.74% at acute ( 48 hrs. and 96 hrs.)and +
chemical contaminants in the aquatic environment6.
272.22% and +381.68% at chronic ( 15 days and 30 days )
exposures of bismark brown. All the elevations were highly
NAAS Rating (2016)-4.20
 ALTERATION IN THE ACTIVITY OF GLUTAMIC PYRUVIC TRANSAMINASE (182)

Table-1. ALTERATION IN THE ACTIVITY OF GLUTAMIC PYRUVIC TRANSAMINASE ( GPT ) INDUCED BY

METANIL YELLOW AND BISMARK BROWN IN THE BLOOD OF LABEO ROHITA.VALUES ARE +
S. E. OF NINE OBSERVATIONS EACH.

4'AASA- Metanilyellow T1- 48 Hrs. T2- 96 Hrs. T3- 15 Days T4- 30 Days
DAAB--- Bismark brown C--- Control
significant ( P< 0.01 ).Glutamic pyruvic transaminase is an
important enzyme involved in transamination process. In the
present study the enzyme is elevated in the blood of Labeo
rohita under the stress of metanil yellow and bismark brown.
This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically
the transaminase which transfer nitrogenous groups. It
catalyzes the transfer of the amino group from L - alanine to
alpha Ketogluterate. Serum GPT level significantly elevated in
Cyprinus carpio when exposed to sublethal concentrations of
chromium for various exposure perod8. Increased transaminase
activity was reported in liver and kidney of Clarias batrachus
and Heteropneutes fossilis under the stress of congo red9.
Serum GPT level also increased significantly in fresh water
fish Clarias gariepinus exposed to Lambda cyhalothrin10. GPT
increased in liver tissue of Nile cat fish Clarias gariepinus
inhabiting El- Rahawy Drain, Egypt due to heavy metal
pollution11. Increased GPT activity in the blood of Oreochromis
niloticus was seen when exposed to sub lethal concentrations
of cadmium . It was siggested that elevated activity in the
blood may due to liver disfunction12. Elevated GPT activity was
reported in blood of Cyprinus carpio caused by diazinon13. GPT
increased in the blood of Channa punctatus following treatment
with mercuric chloride14. It was also suggested that liver is
rich in GPT and damage to it could result in liberation of large
quantity of this enzyme into the blood 15. Significant elevation
in hepatic and renal GPT activity was found in Heteropneustes
fossilis when exposed to lanasyn dark violet and lanasyn dark
yellow16. GPT activity increased in the blood of Channa
punctatus when exposed to triazophos indicating hepatic tissue
damage17. The enzymatic activity of serum GPT increased
significantly under the influence of detergent Nirma and Tide
on fresh water fish Channa punctatus18. Increase in GPT activity
was very high as compared to control in the liver and gills of
Cirrhinus mrigala exposed to mercuric chloride and lead
acetate19. The activity of GPT was found to be significantly
elevated in the liver of Heteropneustes fossilis with increasing
concentration of sodium arsenite20. GPT increased in gills of
T.zillii, C. gariepinus, C. lazera and O. niloticus exposed to
heavy metals21.GPT is normally present in liver and heart cell.
GPT is released into blood when the liver or heart is damaged.
The blood GPT levels are thus elevated with liver damage or
with an insult to the heart.
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