Functional Analysis Exercise sheet 1

1. Let 1 < p < ∞ and

∞
X
`p := {(xn )n∈N : |xn |p < ∞} ⊂ FN .
n=1

Show that `p is a subspace of FN .

2. Let x ∈ RN be defined by xn = √1n . With the definition of `p as in

question 1 (where we take F = R) for which values of p is x ∈ `p .

3. Let V be an inner product space over C and show that

4hx, yi = kx + yk2 − kx − yk2 + ikx + iyk2 − ikx − iyk2 .

4. Let V be an inner product space. Prove that for all x, y ∈ V we have

that
kx + yk2 + kx − yk2 = 2kxk2 + 2kyk2 .
This is called the parallelogram law, can you see why?

5. Let V be an inner product space. Show that for all x, y ∈ V we have

that if hx, yi = 0 then

kx + yk2 = kxk2 + kyk2 .

6. Let V be an inner product space. Show that if xn → x and yn → y in

V . Then hxn , yn i → hx, yi.
p
7. Let 1 < p < ∞ and q = p−1 . Show that for all a, b ∈ R with a, b ≥ 0
then
ap bq
ab ≤ + .
p q
It may help to take 0 < α < 1, define φ : (0, ∞) → R by φ(t) = αt − tα
and find the minimum of this function. This inequality is known as
Young’s inequality.