Political system and state structure of Pakistan:

 Legislature
 Judiciary
 Executive

Legislature: (Make the laws)

Legislature is the main power of Maglis e shura. Both Upper house and lower house have equal
power of legislature. For example, if a bill is presented in one house. It is properly checked by that
house. If the member of that house approved the bill, then it is passed to second house. Same
procedure will be adopted there. If a bill is also approved in that house. Finally, it will be passed to
President. If that bill is also approved by president, then that bill become a law.

 Elected representatives

President > Parliament (maglis e shora) > National assembly (L=342) and senate (U=104)

Judiciary: (read laws in the light of Islam)

Judiciary is the legal arm of government. It Presents, prevents and defends the constitution.

It consists of:

 Supreme court
 High court
 Federal shariat court
 Subordinate judiciary

Executive: (Implements the laws)

Administrative arm of government

 President (Head of state)

 Prime minister (Chief executive/Head of government)
 Federal cabinet (1- PM secretariat 2-Cabinet division 3-Establishment division)

For the proper functioning of federal government, we have ministries, divisions and attached
departments.

 A ministry is a division or group of divisions constituted into a ministry or it may consist of one
or more divisions for the conduct of business of federal government in the specified sphere.
Each ministry is headed by a Cabinet minister and a secretary is the administrative in charge of
the ministry.
 A division also performs the functions like ministry to formulate the policies and ensure their
implementation. It is headed by Minister of state and Administrative in charge is Secretary or
Additional secretary.
 Attached departments help the Division or ministry in the formulation and execution of policies.
It is headed by Division or Ministry.

Hierarchy in federal ministry: (Headed by Prime minister)

Federal minister> Secretary> Additional Secretary> Joint secretary> Deputy secretary>Section officer

 Prime minister (responsible for the transaction of duties and formulated policies)
 Federal minister (help PM in the formulation of policies)
 Secretary (Informed federal minister and PM about the working of Ministry and Division)
 Additional secretary (assist secretary and sometimes works as in charge of Division like
secretary of Ministry)
 Joint secretary (third level in ministry and acts as additional secretary in Division and
responsible for the duties assigned by secretary/Additional secretary.
 Deputy secretary (Division/Ministry is divided into wings and wings are further divided into
sections and Administrative head of group of sections is Deputy secretary)
 Section officer (In charge of officials of section and answerable for official works)