ALIENOCENE – DIS-JUNCTION

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GIUSEPPE COCCO AND BRUNO CAVA

ALIENOCENE – DIS-JUNCTION

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1
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2
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3
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4
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R]eVc-R_eYcoao]ogj, Rd hV]] Rd Z_ eYV SVTomZ_g-8cRkZ], eYV IVTY_ZTZkVU
8RcSRcZR_iZZZ, R_U Z_ R]] eYodV ZmRgVd aVceRZ_Z_g eo R eYVocj oW dfS[VTeZgZej
hZeYZ_ f_UVcUVgV]oamV_e, hYZTY RcV acV-]ogZTR] R_U aode-]ogZTR] Re eYV
dRmV eZmV. IYRe Zd ZW hV eYZ_k ]ZkV EdhR]U R_U go RgRZ_de eYV V]obfV_e
cYVeocZT o FReYVc KZVZcR, hYo SV]ZVgVU eYRe ohV YRgV _VgVc RUmZeeVU eYV SZceY
oW ]ogZT Rmo_g fd.piZg 7d EdhR]U YZmdV]W fdVU eo dRj, Z_deVRU oW R_ o_eo]ogj,
R_ oUo_eo]ogj. ?_ eYZd dV_dV, YZd eoccV_eZR] moUVc_Zde mR_ZWVdeo ofe]Z_Vd
domVeYZ_g ]ZkV HaZ_okRnd ;eYZTd Woc eYV ecoaZTd. 7 kZ_U oW oJojVfi IcoaZbfVdp
Z_ hYZTY R_eYcoaoaYRgj, Rd 7mVcZ_UZR_ aVcdaVTeZgZdm, RTed UZcVTe]j o_ eYV
UVdZcZ_g SoUj R_U Zed RWWVTeZo_d. IcR_dfSdeR_eZReVU Z_eo SoUj, eYV
6/17/2018

R_eYcoaoaYRgZT RTeZo_ TR__oe SV WcRmVU Rd R mVcV Tf]efcV hRc, Rd ZW Ze hVcV

[fde R To_Wco_eReZo_ SVehVV_ SV]ZVW djdeVmd4 Ze TR_ o_]j SV RaacoRTYVU Rd R

5
ALIENOCENE – DIS-JUNCTION

gV_fZ_V cVgo]feZo_Rcj WocTV RTeZ_g eYcofgY R_U hZeYZ_ SoUZVd. ?e Zd _oe do

mfTY R decfgg]V Rmo_g Tf]efcVd, Sfe R oTf]efcVp oW mVeRmocaYodZd hYVcV
eYV SoUj Zd eYV acoeRgo_Zde. IYV o9RcRYZSR cVgo]feZo_p eYfd Zma]ZVd eYV mRU,
_o_To_WocmZde, mZ_oc VWWoce RgRZ_de eYV cRTZde SZoaohVc SfZ]e Z_ eYV HofeY l
R_U Wcom hYZTY 8cRkZ] R_U Zed _ReZo_R] aco[VTed RcodV. LV RcV WRc Wcom eYV
]ZeR_ZVd o_ RTTf]efcReZo_, oZUVRd ofe oW a]RTV,p oc YVgVmo_ZT ZUVo]ogj, dZ_TV
R_eYcoaoaYRgj Zma]ZVd mo]VTf]Rc cVSV]]Zo_, R_ RWWVTeZgV R_U mo]VTf]Rc
acoUfTeZgV efc_, cVTogVcZ_g eYV f_UVcUVgV]oaVU SoUj Z_ oeYVc eVcmd. IYRe Zd
eo dRj, R eYVocj oW dfS[VTeZgZej hZeYZ_ f_UVcUVgV]oamV_e, R_ ViZe Wcom
SZoaohVc Sj eYV mVR_d oW SZoao]ZeZTd. IYV R_eYcoaoaYRgZT UV]ZcZfm, Z_ eYZd
dV_dV, Zd eoeR]]j YZdeocZTR]-ao]ZeZTR]4 WfceYVcmocV, Ze ecRTVd R decReVgj oW
Z_deZefeZo_R] TcVReZgZej SVjo_U R_j Tf]efcR]Zde cVUfTeZo_.

***

8fe Yoh eo UVR] hZeY aodemoUVc_ TRaZeR]Zdm hYV_ Zed mZddZo_RcZVd l

dfTY Rd =VocgV =Z]UVc (mV_eZo_VU Sj J. J. =ofi) l dVVm eo ecR_daodV eYZd
eoccV_eZR] R_U SRcobfV a]VeYocR Z_eo eYV gVcj ]R_gfRgV oW TRaZeR]6 LYRe
RSofe Aocao8cRk, eYV dRgRgV R_U UVdZcZ_g SoUj, hYZTY Zd R]cVRUj Z_gVdeVU
hZeY eYV acoTVdd oW TRaZeR] eYcofgY mo_Vj, Rd A]oddohdkZ UVmo_decReVd Z_
eYZd eYVocj oW eYV BZgZ_g 9fccV_Tj6 Lof]U hV SV ViaVcZV_TZ_g R_
R_eYcoaoaYRgZT TRaZeR]Zdm, Rd eYV +)*+ dVmZ_Rc YV]U Z_ GZo UV JR_VZco
Zma]ZVd6
HfV]j Go]_Zk To_gVcgVd hZeY A]oddohdkZnd cVW]VTeZo_d hYV_ UVdTcZSZ_g
eYV efc_ eo eYV aode-FocUZde W]ViZS]V cVgZmV oW RTTfmf]ReZo_ Rd eYV VcR oW
og]oSR]ZkVU aZmaZ_gpig 7TTocUZ_g eo eYV 8cRkZ]ZR_ dTYZkoR_R]jde, RUYVcV_e
eo FV]Zi =fReeRcZnd R_R]jdZd oW Z_eVgcReVU hoc]U TRaZeR]Zdm (?L9)igZ, eYV
VmVcgV_TV oW _Vo]ZSVcR]Zdm ToccVdao_Ud eo eYV momV_e TRaZeR]Zdm TVRdVd eo
oaVcReV To_WocmZ_g eo T]VRc ]ZmZed SVehVV_ Wocm R_U mReeVc eo Wf]]j RddfmV
mogZ_g R_U S]fccVU To_eofcd oW dfS[VTeZgZej. ?_ oeYVc hocUd, hYV_ eYV
acoUfTeZo_ oW dfS[VTeZgZej acoaVc eo TRaZeR]Zdm _o ]o_gVc hockd Sj ZmaodZ_g
R mo]U, Sfe eYcofgY dfTTVddZgV moUf]ReZo_d, cVdo_R_TVd, R_U V_VcgVeZT
gRcZReZo_d. Go]_Zk UVdTcZSVd eYV VaoTYR] ecR_dZeZo_ oW TRaZeR]Zdm Rd Wo]]ohd3
6/17/2018

eYV ocZdV oW eYV ZmRgZ_ReZo_ eo aohVc Zd R mZTcoao]ZeZTR] oaVcReZo_ eYRe

To_dZded Z_ mRkZ_g Zed aoeV_eZR] Z_eo eYV mR[oc WfV] oW R_ Z_dReZRS]V

6
ALIENOCENE – DIS-JUNCTION

YjaVcmRTYZ_V Woc eYV acoUfTeZo_ R_U RTTfmf]ReZo_ oW TRaZeR] l eo eYV aoZ_e

hYVcV o_V TR_ daVRk oW R _Vh hockZ_g T]Rdd, hYZTY domV RfeYocd TR]] eYV
mTog_ZeRcZRen.p 7d Z_ KVco_ZTR =Rgond mode cVTV_e cVdVRcTYigZZ, Go]_Zk
R_R]jdVd eYV WocmReZo_ oW _Vo]ZSVcR]Zdm Z_ eVcmd oW R mfeReZo_ Z_ eYV cVgZmV
oW dV_dZS]V eViefcVd, hYZTY To_deZefeVd eYV gVcj dfS[VTed R_U eYVZc RWWVTeZgV-
cV]ReZo_R] aohVc l hYVcVZ_ SoeY cVdVRcTYVd To__VTe eo IYV 8ZceY oW
8Zoao]ZeZTd, FofTRf]end dVmZ_R] TofcdV Wcom *201-02. 7TTocUZ_g eo
Go]_ZkigZZZ, eYV Z_ecoUfTeZo_ oW eYV W]ViZS]V cVgZmV oW aodemoUVc_ TRaZeR]Zdm
hRd VdaVTZR]]j Wf]mZ_ReZ_g R_U f_Toma]ZTReVU Z_ 8cRkZ], dZ_TV eYV
oR_eYcoaoaYRgZTR] dRgoZc-WRZcV oW eYV 8cRkZ]ZR_d gZgVd eYVm R daVTZR] WRTZ]Zej
Woc RURaeZ_g eo eYV _Vh eZmVd.piZi
?_ WRTe, Go]_Zknd cVWVcV_TV eo eYV HofeYVc_ a]RdeZTZej oW dfS[VTeZgZej l
oc, hV Tof]U [fde dRj, eYV SoUj l VTYoVd eYV Z_dZgYed oW JVdfZe acZVded,
VdaVTZR]]j FReYVc KZVZcR, Rd eYVj _oeZTV eYRe eYV ?_UZR_d SVYRgV ]ZkV mjce]Vd
hYV_ WRTZ_g eYV To]o_ZR] Z_gRdZo_. ?e Zd Rd ZW eYV hYo]V UZdTfddZo_ RSofe eYV
SZoao]ZeZTR], aode-FocUZde, oc aodemoUVc_ efc_ hRd ogVcUfV cVgRcUZ_g eYV
To]o_ZkReZo_ ]ogZT, hYZTY YRU eo V_gV_UVc R SZoaohVc Z_ ocUVc eo To_eco] eYV
W]ViZS]V acoUfTeZo_ oW dfS[VTeZgZej. LYRe Zd mode ZmaoceR_e aoZ_eZ_g ofe Zd
eYRe eYV SZoao]ZeZTR] cVdZdeR_TVd, Zed UVeVccZeocZR]ZkReZo_ ]Z_Vd R_U dfS[VTeZgV
VioUfd, RcV WZcde Z_ cV]ReZo_ eo R aohVc eYRe YRU eo Z_WZ]ecReV R_U aRcRdZeZkV
eYodV cVdZdeR_TVd Z_ ocUVc eo To_eco] Wcom Z_dZUV. ?e YRU eo Uo do SVTRfdV
ZUVo]ogZTR] Z_UoTecZ_ReZo_, daZcZefR] To_gVcdZo_, oc eYV ]ogZT oW Raa]jZ_g mocV
Vgo]gVU Wocmd eo R dfaaodVU]j Z_Vce R_U dYRaV]Vdd mReeVc _VgVc cVR]]j hockVU
hZeY eYV dRgRgV SoUj. IYV WRTe Zd eYRe eYV mReeVc Zd R]ZgV R_U Zed ]RTk oW dYRaV,
mo_decofd]j acoUfTeZgV, Zd ]ZgZ_g TfccV_Tj. Go]_Zk eYV_ To_dZUVcd R
oIfaZ_RmSá TRaZeR]Zdmpii, Z_ eYV dV_dV eYRe eYV oRccZgR]p l eYV RccZgR] oW
eYodV hYo _VgVc hV_e l oW _Vo]ZSVcR]Zdm Z_ eYV HofeY RTeZgReVU oeYV hocde
oW eYZd ecRUZeZo_, eYV SRdVde O]ohP R_eYcoaoaYRgj.piiZ IYV ViacVddZo_ ]oh
R_eYcoaoaYRgj RaaVRcd Z_ eYV R_eYcoaoaYRgZT mR_ZWVdeo oW *2+1 hYV_
EdhR]U cVWVcd eo TReVTYZdm, Toma]ViVd R_U eYV oa]RgfV oW eYV do-TR]]VU
Tf]efcVU R_U 9YcZdeZR_ZkVU aVoa]Vd.piiZZ
HohVgVc, Rd hV f_UVcdeR_U Ze, eYV ecR_dZeZo_ Wcom FocUZdm eo aode-
FocUZdm Z_ eYV DoceY, Rd hV]] Rd eYV oRccZgR]p oW _Vo]ZSVcR]Zdm, TR__oe SV
6/17/2018

Via]RZ_VU Sj R ecR_dZeZo_ Wcom R_ R_eYcoaoVmZT R_U YZ]VmocaYZT ]ogZT

(Wocm(To_eV_e, mo]Ud, cZgZU To_TVaeZo_) eo R_ R_eYcoaoaYRgZT R_U TR__ZSR]

7
ALIENOCENE – DIS-JUNCTION

o_V (a]RdeZTZej, moUf]ReZo_d, V_VcgVeZT To_TVaeZo_). 7_eYcoaoaYRgj TR__oe

SV ]ZmZeVU eo eYV ]ogZT oW RTTf]efcReZo_, RddZmZ]ReZo_, T]Rdd To_dTZofd_Vdd,
SV]ZVW To_eVie, oc R_j Tf]efcR]Zde cVUfTeZo_ l Z_ dYoce, eo R acoS]Vm oW eYV
dof] l, do o_V mRj eYV_ RddZg_ R_ R_eYcoaoaYRgZT bfR]Zej eo eYV Tf]efcR]
efc_d R_U o_Vh daZcZed oW TRaZeR]Zdm.piiZZZ). IYV gVcj JVdfZe TReVTYZded, Z_ R
dVTo_U momV_e, cVR]ZkVU eYRe eYVj Tof]U _oe acZocZeZkV eYV dof], Rd eYVj UZU
Z_ eYV E]U Loc]U. J_]ZkV Go]_Zk, hV f_UVcdeR_U eYRe R_eYcoaoaYRgj Zd SoeY
Z_ eYV SVgZ__Z_g R_U Z_ eYV V_U, Rd Z_WVcZoc R_U dfaVcZoc ]ZmZe oW eYV hockZ_gd
oW TRaZeR], dZ_TV Zed To_deZefeZo_. ?e eYfd UoVd _oe Zma]j R oIfaZ_RmSá
TRaZeR]Zdm,p Sfe eYV WRTe eYRe TRaZeR]Zdm YRd R]hRjd YRU eo To_deR_e]j
Z_eVc_R]ZkV eYV aohVc oW eYV aooc, eYV SoUj oW eYV aooc, Aocao8cRk. IYZd Zd
R]do Zed gcVReVde hVRk_Vdd. ?_ WRTe, aodemoUVc_ TRaZeR]Zdm Zd _oe Tf]efcR]Zde,
dZ_TV eYV Via]oZeVU SoUZVd RcV deZ]] eYV SoUj oW eYV aooc l R_U eYVcV Zd
_oeYZ_g mocV mReVcZR], acoUfTeZgV, R_U RWWVTeZgV eYR_ eYRe. LYRe TYR_gVU
hRd eYV SoUj oW eYV aooc. LYV_ eYV SVTomZ_g-8cRkZ] Z_eVcWVcVd hZeY eYV
eYVocVeZTR] Wocmf]ReZo_d deVmmZ_g Wcom 8cRkZ] R_U, mocV gV_VcR]]j, eYV
HofeY, Ze WodeVcd R UZda]RTVmV_e Wcom eYV ]ogZT oW Tf]efcR] ZmaVcZR]Zdmd R_U
_ReZo_R]Zdmd eo eYV ]ogZT oW SZoaohVc R_U mZdTVgV_ReZo_. ?W eYV aZ__RT]V oW
R_eYcoaoaYRgj To_decfVU Rd R dTYZkoR_R]jdZd oW 8cRkZ] Zd eYV dRgRgV SoUj l
eYV UVdVce oW f_UVcUVgV]oamV_e l, eYV_ Zed oTTfaReZo_ Z_go]gVd eYV
aoaf]ReZo_ Sj mVR_d oW mZdTVgV_ReZo_, W]ohd oW mZgcReZo_, R_U VioUfd, Rd
hV]] Rd eYV cVWfdR] oW ]RSoc, Z_dVaRcRS]V Wcom SZoao]ZeZTR] cVdZdeR_TVd (eYV
UofS]V jVd). HV_TV eYV cV]VgR_TV, Woc R SZoao]ZeZTR] WRTeocj oW decReVgZVd, oW
dYZWeZ_g R]] UVgV]oamV_eR]Zde, _ReZo_R] WocmReZo_ oc
aco]VeRcZR_ZkReZo_(RhRcV_Vdd eoaZTd. IYZd Zd eYV o_]j hRj oW cZdZ_g eo eYV
R_eYcoaoaYRgZT feoaZR R_U, Re eYV dRmV eZmV, R]]ohZ_g Woc R decReVgZTR]
(dbfZko)R_R]jdZd oW _Vo]ZSVcR]Zdm l hYZTY Zd SZoaohVc a]fd dZg_-mo_Vj.
:VdaZeV eYV UZdRgcVVmV_e RSogV, eYVcV Zd R_oeYVc aRddRgV cVgRcUZ_g
Go]_Zknd To_gVcgV_TV SVehVV_ _Vo]ZSVcR]Zdm R_U R_eYcoaoaYRgj hYZTY hV
SV]ZVgV Zd gVcj aco]ZWZT. LYV_ UVdTcZSZ_g eYV ]ogZT oW aodemoUVc_ TRaZeR]Zdm,
dYV ofe]Z_Vd eYV dZmf]eR_Vofd Wf_TeZo_Z_g oW eho cVgZmVd3 oIYZd kZ_U oW
aZmaZ_g oW eYV TcVReZgV WocTV Zd hYRe YRd SVV_ ecR_dWocmZ_g eYV a]R_Ve Z_eo
R gZgR_eZT mRckVea]RTV, ViaR_UZ_g Re R_ Viao_V_eZR] cReV, VZeYVc Sj Z_T]fUZ_g
6/17/2018

Zed Z_YRSZeR_ed Rd YjaVcRTeZgV komSZVd oc Sj ViT]fUZ_g eYVm Rd YfmR_

ecRdY.piiZg IYZd UoVd _oe V_eRZ] R ejao]ogj, Sfe R eoao]ogj, eYRe Zd, eho ao]Vd

8
ALIENOCENE – DIS-JUNCTION

oW UZWWVcV_e _RefcVd eYRe RcV To_deR_e]j Z_eVcRTeZ_g hZeYZ_ eYV ogVcR]]

hockZ_gd oW eYV djdeVm. IYRe Zd eo dRj, Z_T]fdZo_ R_U ViT]fdZo_ RcV eho
oaVcReZo_d eYRe, TomSZ_VU, decReZWj TRaZeR]Zdm oW aode-FocUZde cVgf]ReZo_ R]]
eYV hRj. IYVcV Zd _oeYZ_g mocV UZdeR_e Wcom R W]Re YocZko_ eYR_ eYV mf]eZa]V
moUf]ReZo_d R_U gcRUZV_ed oW WocTV eYRe _Vo]ZSVcR]Zdm gogVc_d Z_ eYV
To_eZ_ffm l hYZTY, Rd hV YRgV dVV_, FofTRf]e TR]]VU gogVc_mV_eR]Zej. 7d
eYV RfeYoc YVcdV]W Via]RZ_d, oOZP_ WRTe, eYodV eho oaaodZ_g ao]Vd RcV
Z_eVcUVaV_UV_e WcfZed oW eYV dRmV ]ogZT4 R]] ofc UVdeZ_ZVd f_Wo]U SVehVV_
eYVmp eYcofgY oeYV oaaodZeV R_U Toma]VmV_eRcj WZgfcVd oW ]fifcj R_U ecRdY
dfS[VTeZgZej.p
?_ ocUVc eo cVT]RZm eYV R_eYcoaoVmjlR_eYcoaoaYRgj aRZc, hV Tof]U
cVWcRmV eYV ZddfV Z_ eVcmd oW ]oh R_U YZgY R_eYcoaoVmj Rd hV]] Rd ]oh R_U
YZgY R_eYcoaoaYRgj, To_dZUVcZ_g eYRe TRaZeR]Zdm mfde cVmRZ_ hockZ_g
hZeYZ_ eYV cR_gV SVehVV_ eYV faaVc R_U ]ohVc ]ZmZe Z_ VRTY TRdV. LYV_
R_R]jkZ_g eYV acoUfTeZo_ oW dfS[VTeZgZej oc SoUZVd Z_ _Vo]ZSVcR]Zdm, hV eYfd
YRgV eho VgVc-acVdV_e mRTYZ_ZT acoTVddVd (ViT]fdZo_ R_U Z_T]fdZo_) Z_ R WZV]U
oW To_deR_e Z_eVcRTeZo_. IYV ocZgZ_R] ejao]ogj oW BégZ-HecRfdd eYV_ Vgo]gVd
Z_eo R eoao]ogj. IYZd Zd _o ]o_gVc R mReeVc oW R_eYcoaoVmj gVcdfd
R_eYcoaoaYRgj, Sfe VRTY o_V Rd eho dZUVd oW eYV dRmV ToZ_, eYV UofS]V
cVgZmV hYVcVSj SZoaohVc a]fd mo_Vj, YV_TV aodemoUVc_ TRaZeR]Zdm, hockd.
7d eYV R_eYcoaoaYRgZT eYofgYe, aodemoUVc_ TRaZeR]Zdm Zd SoeY Re eYV
SVgZ__Z_g R_U Re eYV V_U. ?_ eYZd dV_dV, eYV TRaZeR]Zde TcZdZd Zd R]do R TcZdZd
TRaZeR]Zdm, eYRe Zd, eYV RSZ]Zej eo mRZ_eRZ_ eYV Z_eVcgR], eo VieV_U eYV ]ZmZed oW
RTTfmf]ReZo_ R_U, Re eYV dRmV eZmV, acVgV_e R_eYcoaoaYRgj Wcom
Toma]VeV]j Zma]oUZ_g eYV SfZ]UZ_g oW Via]oZeReZo_ R_U UomZ_ReZo_. IYZ_kZ_g
Z_ eVcmd oW A]oddohdkZnd To_TVaed, cVdZdeR_TV RcZdVd Wcom eho aVcgVcdZo_d,
o_V Woc VRTY cVgZmV3 R_eYcoaoVmj Rd TcVReZgV cVWfdR] l R_ VdTRaV eYRe ]ookd
Woc R hVRao_ Rd hV]], R_ VioUfd hYZTY R]do aoaf]ReVd eYV UVdVce hYVcV eYV
aVoa]V Zd RSdV_e l R_U R_eYcoaoaYRgj Rd Ze TcoddVd eYV SZoaohVc
moUf]ReZo_d l Z_eV_dZWZTReZo_ SVjo_U eYV ]ZmZe oW TcZdZd, Zed bfR]ZeReZgV
gRcZReZo_. LV Tof]U deZ]] RUU eYRe, f_UVc eYodV eVcmd, R_eYcoaoVmj R_U
R_eYcoaoaYRgj Uo _oe cVacVdV_e R UZR]VTeZTd Sfe Wcom eYV aoZ_e oW gZVh oW
TRaZeR], Woc eYV UofS]V aVcgVcdZo_(RWWZcmReZo_ YRd eYV RSZ]Zej eo afe R_ V_U
6/17/2018

eo eYV UZR]VTeZTd Sj V]ZmZ_ReZ_g eYV cV]ReZo_dYZa. ?mmR_V_e VieVcZocZej l eYV

dRgRgV SoUj oW eYV HofeY, Z.V., eYV 8oUj oW eYV Fooc l Zd eYV RSdo]feV ]ZmZe

9
ALIENOCENE – DIS-JUNCTION

oW dfTY eoao]ogj, eYV ]ZgZ_g dofcTV hYZTY TR_ _VZeYVc SV dfaacVddVU _oc Wf]]j
To_eco]]VU Re eYV cZdk oW UVgZeR]ZkZ_g eYV aRcRdZeZT acoTVdd. IYV BVWe Zd
To_deR_e]j UVWVReVU Sj _Vo]ZSVcR]Zde WocTVd SVTRfdV Ze deZ]] YRd _oe RSR_Uo_VU
eYV RdaZcReZo_d oW eYV WZcde gV_VcReZo_ oW JVdfZed, eYRe Zd, ZmaodZ_g R Wocm
(deReV-Wocm, UVgV]oamV_e, cVUVVmZ_g Z_Ufdecj) eo eYV ]ZgZ_g mReeVc oW
f_UVcUVgV]oamV_e. IYodV WocTVd, Z_ efc_, TRfgYe fa hZeY eYV dVTo_U hRgV
oW ]Vdd oaeZmZdeZT acZVded ]ZkV KZVZcR R_U cVTog_ZkVU Zed Z__Vc aohVc. Ho Z_deVRU
oW ecjZ_g eo mo]U eYV ]ZgZ_g mReeVc, eYVj ]Ve eYV W]ohd cf_ R_U eYV_ gogVc_
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Wo]]ohZ_g eYV ]Z_Vd oW hYRe hV TR]] eYV SVTomZ_g-8cRkZ].
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Z_eVcRTeZo_ SVehVV_ eYV UZda]RTVmV_e eohRcUd SZoaohVc hZeY eYV ao]ZeZTR]
R_U VeYZTR] Wocmf]ReZo_d oW eYV WZgfcV oW eYV SoUj oW eYV aooc. 7]hRjd hZeY
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10
ALIENOCENE – DIS-JUNCTION

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?_UZR_p, mVR_Z_g eYV 8cRkZ]ZR_ZkReZo_ WocgVU Sj _ReZo_R]Zdmd, Z_T]fUZ_g eYV
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TReVTYVdZd,p eYV RddVceZo_ oW eYV 8oUj oW eYV Fooc.

Z. 9]RfUV BégZ-HecRfdd, IcZdeVd IcoaZbfVd (FV_gfZ_ JA, +)**). EcZgZ_R] VmaYRdZd.

ZZ. HVV o;m aRcTVcZR Tom CfdVf UV 7ceV Uo GZo (C7G), J;GJ cVR]ZkR dVmZ_ácZo doScV
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RfeYoc, dVV R]do BZgZ_g Z_ eYV ;_U eZmVd (Bo_Uo_3 KVcdo, +)**).
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IYVocj (;UZ_SfcgY3 ;UZ_SfcgY J_ZgVcdZej FcVdd, +)*)).
gZ. EdhR]U UV 7_UcRUV, oCR_ZWVdeo 7_ecoaóWRgo,p GVgZdeR UV 7_ecoaoWRgZR *, _o. * (CRj
*2+1). Foc R_ ;_g]ZdY gVcdZo_ oW eYV eVie, dVV o7_eYcoaoaYRgZT CR_ZWVdeo,p ecR_d. CRcZR Uo
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GVgo, BReZ_ 7mVcZTR_ BZeVcRcj GVgZVh *-, _o. +0 (JR_.-Jf_. *21/)3 *1--0, RTTVddVU
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Yeea3((VZaTa._Ve(ecR_dgVcdR](**)/(co]_Zk(V_.
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igZZ. KVco_ZTR =Rgo, BR cáko_ _Vo]ZSVcR]3 ;To_omZRd SRccoTRd j acRgmReZTR aoaf]Rc
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9o_eVmaocR̂_VR 8cRdZ]VZcR3 Jm V(V_ecV ofeco(d, VU. FRf]o HVckV_YoWW R_U 7UcZR_o FVUcodR

11
ALIENOCENE – DIS-JUNCTION

(HR̃o FRf]o3 Ff_URŢR̃o 8ZV_R], *221), *+1--0. 8Z]Z_gfR] FocefgfVdV(;_g]ZdY VUZeZo_.

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+)).)3 ./-1.
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=R]]ZmRcU *220). 8j eYV hRj, Ze hof]U SV mocV RaacoacZReV eo daVRk oW oR_ZmR] daZcZedp oW
TRaZeR]Zdm. HVV CReeVo FRdbfZ_V]]Z, 7_ZmR] HaZcZed3 IYV 8VdeZRcj oW eYV 9ommo_d
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12