LANGUAGE TRAINING CENTRE UNIVERSITAS

MUHAMMADIYAH YOGYAKARTA
UJIAN TENGAH SEMESTER

Name : Ainudin Al Hazmi Date of Test : 22 Okt. 18

Student Number : 20160210161 Lecturer : Miss Ika
Faculty : Pertanian Signature :
Department : Agroteknologi

ESSAY WRITING
Revolution Agriculture 4.0

Agriculture 4.0 or also called Smart Farming is a transformation of the development and
utilization of technology for agriculture. Agriculture Revolution 4.0 was pushed from the European
continent on the back of huge challenges to meet food consumption ranging from 9.8 billion people
predicted in 2050 and demographic disasters, namely the number of people with productive age is less
than the non-productive age population. There are four main agendas in the agricultural revolution,
namely the Internet of things, big data, artificial intelligence, and agricultural biotechnology (gene
editing). In agricultural biotechnology the development and utilization of technology is used to produce
pest resistant plants, efficient fertilizer plants and extreme climate resistant crops.

Pest resistant plants are carried out by isolating DNA from a living cell or dying to other living
cells. Bacillus Thuringiensis bacteria can produce crystalline protein / cry Bacillus Thuringiensis as an
insect control agent because it is toxic to pests, Bacillus Thuringiensis bakery DNA is then isolated to
plants. Crystalline protein / cry Bacillus Thuringiensis is more environmentally friendly because it has
a specific target so as not to kill insects not the target and easily decompose so as not to pollute the
environment. Some Bacillus Thuringiensis bakeries sub-species are known to produce toxins that are
specific to the types of attacks on plants such as butterflies, moths, beetles, SMV viruses and so on.
Humans who eat GMO plants will not experience interference or poisoning because the poison only
affects insects.

Fertilizer efficient plants Plants are motivated by plants that need fertilizer to meet the needs of
their nutrients. However, the use of fertilizers in the soil is not utilized all by plants, causing
environmental pollution. Some fertilizers are not utilized as greenhouse gases like N2O which cause
global warming. Based on this, efforts must be made to minimize the minimum fertilizer requirements.
One of them is by assembling agricultural crops that are more efficient in using N (Nitrogen use
efficiency = NUE). Efficiency of using N elements during plant growth and development is divided
into two interrelated phases, namely N assimilation, and N assimilation remobilization during seed
formation and filling. Both processes determine the recovery efficiency of N (recovery efficiency) and
efficiency of physiology (physiological efficiency). Efficient plants of N fertilizer are carried out by
isolating the nitrite, CsNitr1-L transporter gene from cucumber plants to other plants. These genes
express nitrite transporter proteins that act as entry gates for nitrite ions from the cytoplasm to the
chloroplasts, thus affecting the efficiency of plants in using Nitrogen in their environment. The effect of
light on the expression of CsNitr1-L shows that these genes are related to photosynthesis in plants.

Extreme climate resistant plants are motivated by climatic factors affecting crop yields so that
food supply will decrease due to crop failure. Drought has an impact on decreasing crop production,
this is because the water and nutrients needed by plants for photosynthesis are reduced. Plants that
experience drought stress will try to make physiological changes as a form of adaptation in the form of
maintaining turgor pressure or osmotic adjustment. One way to deal with extreme climate change is the
assembly of climate-resistant plants by introducing the encoding phyto enesynthase gene (Psy) which is
involved in beta carotene biosynthesis. It is thought that the Psy gene produces plants that are resistant
to drought so that it can maintain turgor pressure on plants.

Revolution Agriculture 4.0 in the development of biotechnology in agriculture has great

benefits for increasing crop production so that it meets all basic human needs. So that Revolution
Agriculture 4.0 must continue to be developed because it has a positive impact on human survival.