BOOK REVIEW IN COMMUNICATIONS Electronic Communications System By Wayne Tomasi

CHAPTER 17 THE TELEPHONE CIRCUIT

# DEFINITIONS TERMS

It comprised of two or more facilities, interconnected

Telephone Circuit
1) in tandem, to provide a transmission path between a
source and a destination.

2) The information transferred in a telephone circuit Message

The circuit used in transferring information in a Message Circuit

3)
telephone circuit.

The network bandwidth for a standard voice-band

4) 4 kHz
message channel.

Unused frequency bands located between Guard Bands

5)
information signals.

Effective channel bandwidth for a voice-band 300 Hz to 3000 Hz

6)
message signal.

The only facility required by all voice-band circuits, as

Local Subscriber
7) it is the means by which subscriber locations are
Loop
connected to the local telephone company

Two components
The primary caused of attenuation and phase found on local loops:
8) distortion on a telephone circuit.
Loading Coils
Bridge Taps

The largest cable used in a local loop,

Feeder Cable (F1)
9) usually 3600 pair of copper wire placed underground
or in conduit.

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A cross-connect point used to distribute the larger

10) Serving Area Interface
feeder cable into smaller distribution cables.

A smaller version of a feeder cable containing less

11) Distribution Cable
wire pairs.

A device that serves as the demarcation point Subscriber or Standard

12) between local telephone company responsibility and Network Interface (SNI)
subscriber responsibility for telephone service.

The final length of cable pair that terminates at the

13) Drop Wire
SNI.

That portion of the local loop that is strung between

14) poles. Aerial

Distribution Cable
The location where individual cable pairs within a
and Drop
15) distribution cable are separated and extended to
Wire Cross Connect
the subscriber's location on a drop wire.
Point

16) Adding inductors periodically in series with the wire. Loading

17) The inductor in loading technique. Loading Coil

An irregularity frequently found in cables serving

18) Bridge Tap
subscriber location.

A loss that allows signals to split and propagation Bridging Loss

19)
down more than one wire introduced by bridge taps.

Weighting network introduced by AT & T to

20) C-Message Weighting
accomplish equal magnitude of noise signals.

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The most annoying frequency to human (i.e. the best 1000 Hz

21)
frequency response).

The basic yardstick used for making power

Decibel (dB)
22) measurements
in communications.

Transmission
The optimum level of a test tone on a channel at som
Level Point
23) point in a communications system. It is used for
(TLP)
voice circuits.

The ratio in dB of the power of a signal at that point Transmission Level

24) to the power the same signal would be at 0 dBm (TL)
transmission level point.

0 dBm
25) The reference for TLP.

Data Level Pint

A parameter equivalent to TLP except it is used as a
26) (DLP)
reference for data transmission.

dBmO
27) dBm reference to a zero transmission level point.

28) dB reference value for noise reading. reference noise (rn)

dB level of noise with respect to reference noise dBrn

29)
(- 90 dBm).

Similar to dBrn except it is the dB value of noise with

respect to reference noise using C-message dBrnc
30)
weighting

Noise readings taken with a filter that has a flat

31) dBrn 3 kHz Flat
frequency response from 30 Hz to 3 kHz

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32) The amount of noise in dBrnc corrected to a 0 TLP dBrncO

Transmission parameters which include terminal Interface

34) impedance, in band and out of band signal power, Parameters
test signal power and ground isolation.

Transmission parameters which includes noise

Facility Parameters
35) measurements, frequency distortion, phase distortion,
amplitude distortion and non linear distortion.

The difference in circuit gain experienced at a

particular frequency with respect to the circuit gain
of a reference frequency.
Attenuation
36) Distortion
Another names attenuation distortion:
 Frequency Response,
 Differential Gain
 1004-Hz Deviation

An indirect method of evaluating the phase delay

37) characteristics of a circuit. Envelope Delay Distortion

Basic Voice-Band
It satisfies the minimum line conditioning
38) Channel
requirements

Another name for basic voice-band.

39) Basic 3002 Channel

40) Specifies the maximum limits for attenuation distortion C-type Conditioning
and envelope delay distortion.

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Classifications of C-type:
 C1
 C2
 C3
 C4
 C5

Classification of C-type conditioning pertains to two

41) point and multi point circuits. C1 and C2

C-type conditioning used for access lines and trunk C3

42)
circuits associated with private switched networks.

C-type conditioning pertains to two point and multi

43) C4
point circuits with a maximum of four stations

44) C-type conditioning pertains to two point circuits only C5

A relatively low-capacity switching machine where Private Branch Exchange

45) the subscribers are generally limited to stations within (PBX)
the same building or building complex.

The frequency response of a transmission medium

46) Attenuation Distortion
referenced to 1004 Hz test tone.

Linear Phase vs.

47) A requirement for error free data transmission.
Frequency

The difference in phase shifts with respect to

48) frequency that signals experience as they propagate Delay Distortion
through a transmission medium.

The time delay encountered by a signal as it

Propagation Time
49) propagates
from source to a destination.

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Phase Delay
50) The delay measured in angular units.

The actual time required for a particular frequency

51) to propagate from a source to a destination through Absolute Phase Delay
a communications channel.

The time required to propagate a change in an

52) Envelope Delay
AM envelope through a transmission medium.

The phase difference at the different carrier

53) Envelope Delay Distortion
frequencies.

It sets the minimum requirements for signal to noise

55) ratio and nonlinear distortion. D-Type Line Conditioning

The data transmission rate when D type conditioning

56) is mandatory. 9600 bps

57) Telephone industry standard test tone frequency 1004 Hz

C-message Noise
Measurement that determine the average weighted
58) Measurement
rms noise power.

A communications term that indicates the presence

of a signal power comparable to the power of an actual Loaded
59)
message transmission.

Characterized by high amplitude peaks of short

Impulse Noise
60) duration having an approximate flat frequency
spectrum

A sudden, random change in the gain of a circuit Gain Hit

61)
resulting in a
temporary change in the signal level.
Dropout
62) A decrease in circuit gain of more than 12 dB lasting
longer than 4 ms.

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63) A sudden, random changes in the phase of a signal. Phase Hits (Slips)

A form of incidental phase modulation - a

continuous, Phase Jitter
64)
uncontrolled variation in the zero crossings of a signal.

The presence of one or more continuous, unwanted Single Frequency

65) tones within a message channel. Interference

66) Unwanted tones within a message channel. Spurious Tones

The frequency of the signal changes during Frequency Shift

67)
transmission.

It occurs in coherent SSBSC systems when the

received carrier is not reinserted with the exact
Phase Intercept Distortion
68) phase relationship to the received signal as the
transmit carrier possessed.

It occurs in coherent SSBSC systems when the

received carrier is not reinserted with the exact
69) Phase Intercept Distortion
phase relationship to the received signal as the
transmit carrier possessed.

70) A four wire circuit an interface. Hybrid Set

Terminating Set
Another name for hybrid set.
71)

Any disturbance created in a communications

Crosstalk
72) channel by signals in other communications
channels.

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Annoying and objectionable because the listener

73) Intelligible crosstalk
senses a real or fancied loss of privacy

It does not violate privacy, although it can still

74) Unintelligible crosstalk
be annoying.

A direct result of nonlinear amplification in analog

75) Nonlinear Crosstalk
communications system.

Electromagnetic coupling between two or more

76) Coupling Crosstalk
physically isolated transmission media.

Interference caused by inadequate control of the Transmittance

77) transfer characteristics or transmittance of networks. Crosstalk

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