* The fighting instincts, esprit de corps and soldierly qualities of the . officers and men of the 109thAAA ||. 5 Gun Battalion, during the most ; f crucial battles of the European | “campaign, redounds to the glory of the battalionas a whole... in the | greatest military campaigns of history.” Edward W. Timberlake General, U.S.Am *DEDICATION To you, Mon of he 10H AAA Gun Bain, | ed Though the meum cf ths Soak | went your ene H away our undying gait. Keep always Inns hace | who were not as fortunate at wer thew he me ull the supreme sactce in detanse of thei county oe Ate. mateumex SALVATOR W. ACCOLLA RAYMOND W. BROWN RICHARD Wt. Fane GERALD H MAECHUER ELMER M. WHEELER"ace uaa INTRODUCTION This History hes been compiled from en authentic record of yout combat action. All the places, events and incidences depicted herein are the results of your cereer as a soldier in World War Il. The author has at tempted to portray at accurately as possible this unit's course from its first activation up to the present day. ‘The Military Sources used have been drawn trom Mor ning Reporis, Operation Logs, Battery histories and anecdotes and excerpts from Battalion files. A wealth ‘of material has bean acquired from impromptu talks with both officers and men. All have been rearranged ‘and formed into this book for your general knowledge. ‘The author wishes to thank Majer Elmer M. Whes Major Francis F. Fulton 3r,, Captain George D. Witter ‘and Technical Sergeant Victor S. Debs, and the entire personnel of the 109th whose cooperation has sided greatly in the completion ot this book. ROBERT L, COULTER, Wl CAG. THE HISTORY OF THE 109th ANTIAIRCRAFT ARTILLERY GUN BATTALION MOBILE From 10 January 1945, to V-E Day, 8 May 1945 IN THE UNITED STATES ‘Activation, when used in the ermy, should be intet- preted es the moulding of a fighting unit trom a cos: mopolitan group of “civil”. All units are initially activated. ‘Such was the case, when, on the 10th of January 1948, the War Department drafted orders and gave birth to the 109th AAA Gun Battalion. At this opportune time the Commanding Officer was Lt.Col. Clayton M. Ela ‘and the heavenly locale, 2 camp in Massachusettes, called aloud Edwards (inwardly many other names). ‘Twelve days later upon loan from the Reception Center, Fort Dix, N.J. came seven hundred and seventy-seves Civilians in uniform, a collection of mechanics, business- men, artists, machinists, etc. With such group of men the fucleus took hold. Aye It did - and this is how: Immediately upon arrival began one of the wierdeststages in the history of man. A thing called a Training Schedule was inaugurated. Yea verily — — we literally “began the Beguine”. From the position of a soldier at attention 10 the pulling of breech blocks, and the firing of 90mm guns, 50 cal. machine guns, First Aid lectures, training films, we unknowingly tastes our first “Dachau. The cadre dusted off “the good books" the current Commanding Oficer Lt. Col. Lamar C. Ratcliffe dusted off the cadre. In addition, we hiked, went on field problems, bogied up, bogied down, pre- pared for action, camouflaged, smelled Lewisite, pulled K.P, drank 3.7 beer, ate hamburgers and 5.0.5, but ‘above all wo trained and what in hell for? ‘On the 10th of May 1943, the Battalion Commander supplied the answer when he proclaimed trom the stage of the Camp Edwards theater "You men are ‘sojurs” now. The 109th can go anywhere, do anything, and stack up with any outfit”. As far as going anywhere was concerned, the last days of May and early June were spent in packing, crating, and loading our equip: ment. Some were fortunate enough to draw three day passes, others had to sweat it out within the limits of the camp. The die was cast, however, and amid the Uncertain rumors, dry runs, orders and disorders, the machinery for getting the hundred and ninth overseas | Ht was on a June moming, the 22nd to be exact, tunder the command of Major Elmer M. Wheeler that we bade adieu to Edwards and entrained for Camp ‘Shanks, N. ¥.—— an overseas staging ares, Detraining te in the afternoon, we soon were housed and lau ‘hed into the turmoil of glamorous Shanks. Our precious crates wore opened, inspected, and crated encore. We increased our personnel; we filled equipment shor. tages. Simultaneously overnight passes were issued. The wonder of it all — — 45 minutes from Broadway, Into New York we went night after night, racking our splondid physiques, tearing down our marvelous Constitutions. The cessation came. With it also arrived 2 “thorough physical examination”. Trained were we thoroughly for we made it. There was nothing, save ‘one alternative. We faced it couragecusly. On July 18, after several days of security confinement, the officers {and braves of the 109th donned harness and field ‘equipment and prepared for departure, By tall and water (Weehawken Ferry) the journey to Staten Island was acomplished. The band was there, fortunately no calliope. With an atrocious downbeat, it rendered Mr. Five By Five, Over There, and the Beer Barrel Polka, There was no fortissimo, no allegro, but merely mechanical ivony neither impressive nor consoling, Shs[At five minutes past four on the afternoon of the 17th of Duly, the Santa Elena, a member of the Grace Ling, left New York Harbor in the midst of @ huge con- ‘voy — port unknown. A the ship lifted anchor and sot sail, everyone silently watched what might be and truly was for some the “last sight”. Views such a the New York skyline, Statue of Liberty and the bridges were to be long remembered and cherished. The convoy was really grand. Cartiers, destroyers, and ships of all types on the high seas were carrying Old Glory to free people lost in the darkness of slavery and barbarism. There, right in the middle of the Atlan- tic, you could see America, a symbol of might, union, and generosity. Aboard ship the 109th mon did little but “shuffle the Boards”, “throw the dominoes”, sack off their New York flings, ogle the Nursing Corps, and. chafe at the ship's housing facilities. Nine and a hl days later, we viewed the gray coast of Erin and by dawn of the 27th we entered the Firth of Clyd Scotland, IN ENGLAND We disembarked at Gurock, Scotland amid the tumult of a happy populace. We astoundedly heard the nasal ‘wang of the British, we saw the kilts of the Scots and. enjoyed the melodious chants of their bagpipes, we began our tea sipping campaign which was to last for many months. All these we weathered unperturbed and s00n efter @ monotonous train ride we arrived at our destination — the first of our overseas assignment. Here ours was @ twofold mission, primarily the de fense of two Army 8th Air Force Stations, secondarily the conversion of our troops into consituction engineers With the vim, vigor end retourcefulness of typical Americans, we accomplished both. Headquarters. “"C"" ‘and “D" Batteries occupied areas at Lytham not too far \ from the famed Blackpool. “A’” and "8" set up 10 the south of Burtonwood not far from Liverpool. Protecting, these depots for their great task was not very diffi cult; building billets and quarters was slightly difficult due to British Red Tape, supply shortages, and a pre: ponderance of advanced training, Our morale should have been low, but it wasn't, for the “higher echelon’ issued passes to such quaint hamlets as Blackpool, Man: chester, Liverpool, Warrington and Southport, Simultan eously furloughs were meted out to London, Edinburgh {and Ireland. Here also we acquired new phrases, ex pressions and words. We soon learned that “love” was 2 term of endearment — — “Time Please’ meant that the pubs were closing and “Rall Me Over" was a sequel to “Mademoiselle From Armentiéres”. We liked SSEngland or should 1 say some of us did, for many middle-aisled it assuming the burdens of matrimonial bliss Come February 5, 1944, under the command of Lt Col. Harrison F. Turner, we loft the squalls of Lancashire and motored to WestonSuper-Mare on the Bristol Channel It was here on the 10th of the month, we became an important cog jin the First United States Army under Goneral Bradley. The training program took on 2 new significance. The 109th was on the first team. The team which was later destined to break the West Wall and penetrate into the heart of the German Citadel March Order came once again on the 27th of Feb: wary and we moved in convoy to 8 more desirablo location. Enroute our convey moved so efficiently, our ppertonnel was so alert, enc! the dress was 0 uniform that we received an initial commandation from the ‘Army Commander — — the predecessor of many more 1 follow. While at Netilebed, near Reading, we po- lished off those last minute tasks necessary to round Us out @& en AT unit. We conducted practice A. A. firing at Whitby in Yorkshire, Amphibious exercises at Paighton, Devonshire and Field Arillery fire at Salis- bury with the XIX Corps. Nothing mote had to be done save the great day itself. This along with the rest of the world we awaited expectantly.TIC la in ie : rs (4 iS it a Cg: MEC pusinessnen MACHINISTS 4 { a SALESMEN e q , Le W é 15 c ‘at LERSoon came the order to move. This was it, Instead of showing tense faces all seemed pleased that it hed come. The “aplomb and savoir faire” and "can do’ spirit characteristic of the unit had come to the surface land this time was made weighty by months of serious taining. The unit moved to a Marshalling Area and from there embarked for the Normandy Coast to take att in wnat had become “the greatest chow in the History of the World” ON THE CONTINENT (On June 11, 1944 — D5 the batteries landed on “Omaha, Easy Red” beach. The mission 2 vitally im Portant one, to protect and defend the beachead at all costs, Immediately upon landing we dewaterproofed and set out to occupy positions, This was accomplished by late afternoon, None too soon was it done when the Luftwaffe, Goering’ pride end joy, came forth to give Us hell. Through our constant aleriness, master gunnery land those of adjacent units they failed and immensely. (On the 10th of July 1944 the Battalion, relieved of the Normandy Beach defense, was assigned three air- strips near Le Molay. Enemy artillery came close to our positions, but rendered no damages or casualties elseFrom the 12th July until the Avranches breskthrough into central France about 20th August 1944, we moved forward progressively with the foxhole troops engaging enemy aircraft almost every night causing total destruc- tion to those seen within our vision and seriously da- maging many more that dared enter the ranges of four guns. Here we displayed our remarkable ingenuity, resourcefulness and knack for improvision. At places such as these Cartigny, Baynes, Le Molay, Molses, our Gun and Fire Control positions were the envy of any AAA, Gun Battalion, It was hero too that Brig. Gen. Timberlake personally commended all Batteries for their “Hollywood Sites Deployment was made from these picturesque sites to the vicinity of Vire through the ruins end rubble of ‘the immortal St, Lo, It was in this vicinity that two of ‘our Batteries ware unable to occupy positions selected, the reconnaissance patties running Into roadblocks and receiving small arms fire, On the 8th of August our mmission was @ Class Ill supply dump, located in the St Sever Forest. Roads and terrain were heavily mined, but the combat wisdom and basic training of our men ‘came to the fore and with mine detectors and bayonets the casualty rato was kept at @ minimum. Here was tet up the Provisional Trucking Platoon whose drivers and officers were destined 10 make supply history and mete. shorten the course of the war. This, as we found out later, they did both capably and unflinchingly, under the peculiar name of "Red Ballers During the Allied race across Northern France, the ‘organization followed closely behind an armored spea! head to the famed river crossings on the Seine at Cor- bell and Melun, twenty miles south of Paris. As is the case’ in most armored lightning altacks, it became ne- cossaty to clear the area of the disorganized enemy the tank onslaught lelt remaining. This the batteries performed with skill, efficiency, and a high degree of versatility a8 A. A. infantrymen’teking many prisoners ‘of war and killing some of the less persuasive enemy. (On August 28th, the Luftwaffe attempted an all out raid on the three bridges spanning the Seine. Fast tiring ninetios filled the sky with deadly flak. Enemy 125 screamed and moaned in their violent evasive tactics. Some fell uncomfortably close to our own po- sitions, others scurried off typically with spurting engines, perforated wings and fuselages. The bridges suffered no Injury. Here we paused and said “Au Revolt” to France. We were moving from the country of "Les Mademoi- selles” to the country of "Ca va, ah oul, ca va". On September 4, 1944 we picked up our equipment and went to Namur, Belgium in the wake of both an a Semored thrust and the: 1st Infantry Division. Our long Battalion serial moved rapidly through the battle of Mons which was yet raging and on to Fontaine Eve: ques, our Report Center. Officers and men of the unit will never forget the last twenty five miles of this macch for it was here that hospitality reached its peak From Fontaine Evequer through Charleroi and on 10 Namur, the highways and streets were cluttered with hysterical, hospitable, and thankful "Bolgiques”. Men and women alike, preity maidens had one idea, to stop each American vehicle, kiss every one of its grimy occupants regardless of rank, duty, etc, and bestow bottles of wine, best, and flowers on thelt liberators, Our mission was the defense of engineer constructed bridges at the junction of the Meuse and Sombre Rivers Our reconnaissance parties were the first troops to cross the Meuse at this point with elements of a 3rd ‘Armored Division Tank Battalion. The following day when the Batteries moved across in force there were still bands of enemy in the fields. Again it was no- essary to clear the woods taking a goodly crop of "supermen”. It Is romembered that gasoline was such ® etitical item at this time that the first night the tank of nearly every vehicle had to be drained in order 49 go into operations. Antiaireratt action during the bes Period was moderate but our mission was completed successfully. ‘The war, however, progressed and with its progress we found ‘ourselves in the smallest of the United Na tions, Luxembourg. We arrived there on October 21, 1944’ ond set up operationally primarily in dotense of the capitol city, 12th Army Group Headauarters, on airfield, Radio Luxembourg and steel mills, The airfield ‘mentioned above was the one upon which we knocked own ® new 3188. It was being piloted by a Jewish civilian who had appropriated it as a means of escepe. The story first appeared in the “Forty Niners", an in telligence publication of the 49th A.A.A. Brigade, and ‘was later printed in nationally distributed news maga Zines. It was here at Luxembourg, where the 109ih became @ real triple threat in the Ardennes Salient, In addition to heavy antiaitcratt action, the 90's were. Used as field artillery to fire at enemy concentrations ‘across the Mosella River. Batteries also selected anti tank positions and were prepared for a role as tank destroyers, The Germans hurled planes, shells and V weapons ‘at us interdictingly, but, because of our superior trai- ning, the damage, We sustained, was slight. At one time four men were injured, three by shell fire, one by V-1_ buzz bomb which also damaged the Battalion Command PostDuring the bulge, the cool and capable Von Rundstedt, had managed to cross the Moselle with his forces to come within $000 yards of the capitol city. The Annals of Bulge history speak for themselves and if you scan them closely you will quickly note that Luxembourg ity was never taken. This remarkable feat was per- which were ambushed by the approaching enemy near Besiogne. All personnel escaped save one who wat ceptured. Prior to the entry of the Fifth U.S, Infantry Division our unit and elements of a Cavalry Reconnals ance Squadion were the only stalwarts operating in the critical sector of the enemy spearhead toward the ay, Noteble also is the fact that the Third U.S. Army moved through the narrow limits of Luxembourg City unhindered by bombing or strafing — — the reason an ‘obvious one, for the 109th engaged over one hundred Separate evasive enemy raids scoring many direct kills ‘and damaging many more. (One boomerang caused much excitement among the troops, On Christmas Eve, one of the Batteries shot down an enemy plane which crashed and burned @ cafe about 300 yards from the gun position. Three kegs ‘of beer, previously purchased by the men for Christmas Day and the Chaplain’s music box were destroyed in Asie the fire. Though we were constantly threatened and ‘our danger imminent, our morale wavered not, for the “Luxembourgeois” took us into their fold dining and wining us like kings so much so that parting, when it did come, was such sweet sorrow. ‘While Von Rundstedt and his Panzer Grenadiers were breathing thelr last at the bulge, the reputed 109th marched out of the Duchy of Luxembourg on thelr way to Germany to make more war history. On a cold Feb- ruery morning the column moved slowly through the recently contested area of Bastogne, Houlfalize, Mal medy and St .Vith to take up positions near Rotgen, Germany. The date was February 5, 1945. After remaining there operationally for several days, the pins on the AA maps were once agin rearranged Soon we found ourselves east of the Hurtgen Forest neer the shell of Hurigen proper. Seiting up amid trea- cherous minefields, mud and more mud, we were com- mitted to a dual mission of antiaircraft protection of Ul Corps Troops end a field artillery supper role con- centrating fest and accurate 90mm fire on the “well dug-in’ enemy on the opposite banks of the Roer River. During this period we were subject to and did ceive counterbattery fire, but with litle appreciabl damage. One mission required us to fire into the town of Soller very close ahead of the infantry. The shoot =e‘was a successful one with the result that the town was taken by the Ist Infantry Division without opposition A temarkable incident occurred while firing at an ‘enemy ammunition dump. The artillery observer repor ted from his plane "Mission completed”. He then added “You not only blew the dump all to hell but from here It looked like the explosion brought down an enemy plane". Off we went with the crossing of the Roer in- stinctively waiting for the Rhine melee. Moving up behind the Ninth Armored Division tanks, the 109th was able to establish west and east river bbank defenses of the recently captured Ludendortt Bridge at Remagen on the Rhine. Truly the greatest lantiaictaft show on earth since the Normandy beach, the Rhine job was an action-packed thiiller from the start to finish with over 75 separate engagements in nine days. Here the unit lost a battery commander and his driver who were captured making the reconnais- Night after night the sky in the Rhine valley was aflame with flak and tracers hutled forth from the con: centrated mass of AA guns, half tracks, M51 Multiple mounts and air cooled fifties, all bent on the same pur- pote, —— the protection of the bridge. The bridge by a trick of fate remained only to collapse of its own accordWith the Wehrmacht in a complote state of collapse and the Luftwaffe completely driven from the skies, the 109th gunners ended their antiaircratt operations at 5:00 PM on the 20th of April 1945 near Kassel, Ger- many. (On many occasions the Battalion furnished trucks for the “Red Ball”, Twenty to twenty-five vehicles were on the road at these times, and we are proud of the fact that commendation after commendation was received for our efforts. Our drivers had no accidents and our vehicles wore better maintained and in a better state of ropair than those of any othor unit. This can be due to the state of training and discipline among cur men, for they were largely without supervision while hauling supplies for our aimy. Vietory-inurope day, May 8, 1945, found the 8: talion engaged in a security guard mission in the vic nity of Hersield, Germany. It is doubtful whether pe Tlods of hard work, outstanding devotion to duty, en- durance can be measured by enemy planes downed ‘and ground gained. Nevertheless, an approximate score has been tabulated for history to examine, Of all the tergets protected by this Battalion — ai troops, supply dumps, cit ‘cluding the vital crossings of the Vite, the Seine, the Meuse, the Sambre, the Roer, the Rhine — not one airswas hit by enemy air action which is the perfect ac- ccomplishment of an antiaircraft mission. It is evident from the results contained herein that the activation of this unit by the War Department on. that glorious day of January 1943 was not in vain and that the citizer-soldiers constituting the unit achieved their geal in the dofense and support of their true democracy — the United States of America, m@- HEADQUARTERS 49TH ANTIAIRCRAFT ARTILLERY BRIGADE ‘APO 230 10 May 1945, Germany SUBJECT: Commendation on Performance of Duty in the Normandy, Northern France, Ardennes, Rhine, and Central German Campaigns. TO: Lieutenant Colonel Chase C. Cottey. Major Elmer M. Wheelet Commanding Officers, 109th AKA Gun Bn APO 230, U.S. Atmy. 1. At the conclusion of our victorious campaign through Europe, | want to express my deep apprecia- tion to you, and through you, to the officers and men fof your hard bitten Battalion, for the outstanding drive, tenacity of purpose, and aggressiveness with which the 109th AAA Gun Battalion performed all combat missions. 2. Narrative. . The 109th AAA Gun Battalion landed on Omaha Beach, Normandy, France on 11 June 1944, and foughtlis way into previously designated positions on the ‘outer perimeter of the Beachhead. During the Allied ce through France, Belgium, and Luxembourg into Germany, the Battalion moved progressively forward, sharing in the St. Lo breakthrough, the defeat of the German counter offensive at Vice, the defense of the vital crossings of the Seine at Paris, of the Mouse at Namut, and 12th Army Group Headquarters at the City ‘of Luxembourg. When the German counter offensive of the Ardennes was launched on 16 December 1944, the Battalion was utilized as the anchor of the southern shoulder of the Bulge, and successively threw back concentrated attacks by German P.A.C,, planes, and, ‘amor. The Battalion in its ground role successfully and successively supported the attacks of the THIRD U. S. ARMY that converted the ,,Ardennes Bulge” into the “Ardennes Bubble", taking a prominent part at Bas- togne, in the Second Battle of Hurigen Forest and the crossing of the Roer River. In this later action, suppor ting the attack of the 1st U.S. Division, a concentration of fire by the 109th AAA Gun Battalion on an enemy ammunition dump not enly destroyed the dump, but @ German Plane flying ovethead in the resulting explo- sion. On 2 March 1945, the 109th AAA Gun Battalion was rushed forward 10 provide AAA defense for the Romagen Bridge, and other vital crossings of the Rhine against concentrated suicidal attacks of the Luftwaffe. The termination of hostilities found the 109th AAA Gun Battalion well on the road to Berlin, with the record that no objective defended by it, rom the Normandy Beeches to the Elbe River had been damaged by , During the European Campaign the 109th AAA Gun Battalion had 459 planes; had 81 ground engagements, destroying 16 tanks, 250 armored and moter vehicles as well as innumerable bunkers, ammunition dumps, ‘enemy occupied places, ground personnel, and cap: turing over 800 supermen, . The fighting instincts, esprit de corps and sold ies of the officers and men of the 109th AAA Gun Battalion, during the most crucial battles of the Eure pean Campaign, redounds to the glory of the Battalion a8 @ whole, and reflects the leadership, high degree of personal courage, and technical and tactical skill of Lieutenant Colonel Chase C. Cottey, and Major Eimer M. Wheeler, who successively led this battalion in the ‘greatest military campaigns of history. EDWARD W. TIMBERLAKE Gonoral, U.S. ArmyHEADQUARTERS FIRST UNITED STATES ARMY fice of the Commanding General APO 230 10: Major Generel James A. Van Flee, Commanding Genel lil Corps, APO 303, (on this day of victory In Europe | want to congratu- tate you end’ the fighting Il Corps on the contisution you Rave mace to the deteat of the German Army. I-desite to commend you, your staff and the office and’ men of the unis who nave served under” yo Biease ter them know em" deeply eppreciaive. of {helt accomplishments and eccept ‘my best pereonel Wishes to you and to lll Corps for continued socce COURTNEY H. HODGES, General, U.S. Army tt Indorseme 9 May 1945, 26 May 1948. HEADQUARTERS III CORPS, APO 305, U.S. Army TO: Commanding Officer, 109th AAA Gun Bn. ‘APO 405, US. Army. It is a pleasure to forward this commendation. Your command served as part of the Ill Corps from 13 Fety fuary 1945 to 28 March 1945, ‘The repeated, outstanding accomplishments of the 109th AKA Gun Bn attest to the tine spirit with which ite officers and. men are imbued and reflact the high gualles of leadorship of ite commander. 3A. VAN FLEET, Major General, U.S. Army HEADQUARTERS ELEVENTH ANTIAIRCRAFT ARTILLERY GROUP ‘APO 230, U.S. ARMY 18 June 1945, TO: Commanding Officer, 109th AAA Gun Bn. 1. During the campaign here on the Continent it has bboen my pleasure to have had the 109th AAA Gun Bat talion under my command on several occasions, and in I these assignments | was proud of their accomplish- ments. 3. | have always been impressed with the willing cooperation of the officers and men of the 109th, their military bearing and their strict attention to duty. They have contributed greatly to the final accomplishment of our mission here in Europe, 4. | wish the Battalion continued success in their fu: ture missions, and success and happiness to each of er and man of the Battalion in their future endeavors HARRY P. NEWTON Colonel, C.A.C. CommandingThis Battalion has been authorized five bronze cam- BATTLE HONORS paign stars for its participation in: NORMANDY NORTHERN FRANCE ARDENNES RHINE ‘CENTRAL GERMANY ‘and has won commendations from: Gen. Gen. Gen. Gen. Gen. Gen. Gen. Gen, Gen, Gen. Cal Col Co. Cot Col HODGES 4st Army PATTON 3. Srd Army HAISUP 7th Army SIMPSON 9th Army VAN FLEET 3rd Corps COLLINS 7th Corps RiDGwaY 18th Comps. PARKER 19% Comps. BARNETT 70th Int. Div TIMBERLAKE 49th Brigade NEWTON Mth Group, MADISON 16th Group MUNFORD 18th Group MYRAH 103¢d Group. ceriys 207th Group. WaTT aOFFICERS AND MEN OF THE 109TH ANTIAIRCRAFT ARTILLERY GUN BATTALION (MBL) ‘STAFF MAZOR ELMER M. WHEELER COMMANDING MADOR FRANCIS FULTON Ie. 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