Related studies

There are numerous researches conducted in this area that will provide various
information regarding with the relation of terracotta clay pots to the other materials.

First is the use of crushed clay ceramics in the production of mortars, here they
focused on making the crushed clay ceramic as replacement for cement when making
mortars. The study also states that they used different kind of ceramics to be used when
making mortars by crushing using laboratory jaws crusher. It says here that the test with
the absence of cement provides a satisfactory mechanical properties and can be used
as binding ma material

Next is the experimental analysis of concrete with partial replacement of Fireclay by

cement and foundry sand by fine aggregate. In this study they partially replaced the fine
aggregates with foundry because it contains silica that is used as admixture. The
maximium compressive strength was attain by replacing it by 20 % foundry and 10%
in fine aggregate and and 10% fireclay in cement.

Ceramic Waste: Effective Replacement of Cement for Establishing Sustainable

Concrete by raval here the they studied the effect of gradual replacement of cement
using ceramic waste ranging from 0 to 50% and it shows that 30% cement replacement
gives the highest strength which is 22.98 Mpa and reduce the cost up to 12.67 %

Next one is the use of ground clay bricks as a pozzolanic material in concrete by
bektas
all the materials that are used are rejected bricks from its manufacturers.15% and 25%
of cement were replaced by weight with Ground clay Bricks .75 x 75 x 300 beams 75 x
150 mm cylinders were used here for the. The data gathered here states that the 15 %
replacement of Ground clay bricks at early days has low compressive strength but after
180 days it will reach its maximum compressive strength which is 49.2 Mpa that is
comparable with a strength of concrete without Ground Clay Bricks . Ground clay bricks
also provides resistance to chloride ion penetration
Properties of Metakaolin Concrete

Metakaolin is one of the most effective pozzolanic material in concrete. Production of

metakaolin came from heating china clay and the mineral kaolin to a temperature
ranging from 600 to 800 Moghaddam concluded that when metakaolin act as an
admixture it improves the hydration process of concrete and when it acts as
replacement , it will increase concrete’s compressive strength

Enhancement of Concrete Properties by Replacing Cement and Fine Aggregate

with Ceramic Powder

The researchers provide the materials as fine aggregate and cement replacement.
Ranging from 0% , 10% , 20%, 30% , 40% were added by weight as a partial cement
replacement and 0% , 10% , 20%. The results were compare when an ordinary Portland
cement where used . 10% of fine aggregates and 20% of cement replaced by ceramic
powder provides the desired strength

“Analysis of Mix Design of Concrete Using Ceramic Waste and Rice Husk Ash”

In this research they replaced an ordinary Portland cement by ceramic waste and rice
husk ash. Ceramic aggregates were replaced by ceramic waste by weight for M-25
Concrete. Results showed that partial replacement of cement and aggregate by rice
husk ash and ceramic waste had minor losses in strength of concrete but increased its
durability

“Concrete Made with Pulverized Burnt Clay as Partial Replacement of Cement”

This study states that the variation in strength of high workability when Pulverized burnt
clay replaces some of the ordinary Portland cement. The test to be carried out should
determine the characteristics of high workability opc/pbc concrete. Job concluded that
there is an increase in initial at final setting time but still within the range of
recommended setting time of plain cement paste. Opc/pbc concrete mixture gives
satisfactory performance. There was no observed deterioration since the strength
continue to increase as the hydration process continues
 In relation to present study, the related literature and studies implies that ceramic

wastes as a partial replacement to cement is widely experimented and showed positive

effect on the mechanical properties of concrete due to its chemical composition, where

this study focuses on the effect of pulverized waste terracotta clay pots on the

mechanical properties of concrete.

The research studies have a unified goal which is to utilize the wastage in the

entire ceramic industry. Considering the chemical properties and composition of most

ceramic products as highly efficient as a partial cement replacement and as a

pozzolanic material, the waste terracotta clay as a part of ceramics is the concern of the

study. The difference with the terracotta clay to other ceramics is its higher iron content

compared to other ceramic products.

The related literature and studies from previous section has greatly help us to
understand and gain more information on the effect of clay regardless of its process on
concrete with same goal – to utilize ceramic waste on concrete making