1.

The first general purpose programmable electronic computer was the Electronic
Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC), built by J. Presper Eckert and John V.
Mauchly at the University of Pennsylvania.

2.fourth generation was from 1971 to present. The fourth

generation computers was developed using
microprocessor. Intel 4004 chip was the first
microprocessor developed in 1971. The microprocessor
is a silicon chip contains millions of transistors that was
designed using LSI and VLSI technology.

3 CTRL Shortcuts from A-Z:

CTRL + A = Select text
CTRL + B = Bold text
CTRL + C = Copy text
CTRL + D = Open font formatting window
CTRL + E = Center text
CTRL + F = Find a phrase
CTRL + G = Go To a specific page or bookmark
CTRL + H = Replace text with another text or replace text with different formatting
CTRL + I = Italicize text
CTRL + J = Justify text
CTRL + K = Open Insert Hyperlink window
CTRL + L = Left align text
CTRL + M = Indent a paragraph from the left
CTRL + N = Open new Word document
CTRL + O = Open an existing Word document
CTRL + P = Print Word document
CTRL + Q = Remove paragraph formatting
CTRL + R = Right align text
CTRL + S = Save Word document
CTRL + T = Create a hanging indent
CTRL + U = Underline text
CTRL + V = Paste text
CTRL + W = Close Word document
CTRL + X = Cut text
CTRL + Y = Redo an action previously undone OR repeat an action
CTRL + Z = Undo a previous action

CTRL + SHIFT Shortcuts From A-Z:

CTRL + SHIFT + C =Copy Formats
CTRL + SHIFT + D = Double Underline text
CTRL + SHIFT + E = Track changes
CTRL + SHIFT + F = Change the font
CTRL + SHIFT + H = Apply hidden text formatting
CTRL + SHIFT + K = Format letters as small capitals
CTRL + SHIFT + L = Apply the List style
CTRL + SHIFT + M = Remove a paragraph indent from the left
CTRL + SHIFT + N = Apply the Normal Style
CTRL + SHIFT + P = Change the font size
CTRL + SHIFT + Q = Change the selection to the Symbol font
CTRL + SHIFT + S = Apply a style
CTRL + SHIFT + T= Reduce a hanging indent
CTRL + SHIFT + V =Paste Formats
CTRL + SHIFT + W = Underline words but not spaces

Other CTRL Shortcuts

CTRL + ] = Increase size of selected text by one point
CTRL + [ = Decrease size of selected text by one point
CTRL + SHIFT+ > = Increase font size
CTRL + SHIFT + < = Decrease font size
CTRL + 1 = Single-space lines
CTRL + 2 = Double-space lines
CTRL + 5 = 1.5 space lines
CTRL + 0 = Add/remove one line space preceding a paragraph
CTRL + Left Arrow = Move one word to the left
CTRL + Right Arrow = Move one word to the right
CTRL + Up Arrow = Move one paragraph up
CTRL + Down Arrow =Move one paragraph down
CTRL + Page Up = Go to the top of previous page
CTRL + Page Down = Go to the top of next page
CTRL + END = Go to the end of document
CTRL + HOME = Go to the beginning of document
CTRL + ENTER = Page break
CTRL + DELETE = Delete one word to the right
CTRL + BACKSPACE = Delete one word to the left
CTRL + TAB = Insert a Tab character
CTRL + ALT + C = Copyright symbol
CTRL + ALT + R = Registered trademark symbol
CTRL + ALT + T = Trademark symbol
CTRL + ALT + M = Insert a comment
CTRL + ALT + I = Switch in or out of print preview

F1
Shortcut Key Action

F1 Opens the Excel Help task pane.

Ctrl+F1 Hide/Unhide the taskbar.

Alt+F1 Create a chart from data in the current range.

Alt+Shift+F1 Create a new worksheet.

Ctrl+Shift+F1 Hide/Unhide ribbon and taskbar.

F2
Shortcut Key Action

F2 Activates the active cell for editing.

Ctrl+F2 Open print options.

Alt+F2 Open file save as modal window.

Shift+F2 Insert/Edit comment on selected cells.

Alt+Shift+F2 Save the current workbook.

F3
Shortcut Key Action

F3 Paste a defined name into a formula.

Ctrl+F3 Open name manager dialog box.

Shift+F3 Open function insert dialog box.

Ctrl+Shift+F3 Create names by using row and column labels.

F4
Shortcut Key Action

F4 Repeat last action (for example, create a text box) or toggle among cell
references.

Ctrl+F4 Close the current workbook.

Alt+F4 Gives option to save or discard current changes.

Shift+F4 Select cell next-right to current. Selection toggles only until the cell that
contains data then goes to the next row.

Ctrl+Shift+ F4 Like Shift+F4. But movement is left and then to the above row.

F5
Shortcut Key Action

F5 Open the Go to dialog box.

Ctrl+F5 Restore the window size of the open workbook.

Shift+F5 Open Find/Replace dialog box.

F6
Shortcut Key Action

F6 Switch between the Help task pane and the application window. Switch to the
next pane in a worksheet that has been split.

Ctrl+F6 Switch to the next workbook window when more than one workbook window
is open.

Shift+F6 Switch to the previous pane in a worksheet that has been split.

Ctrl+Shift+F6 Switch to the previous workbook window when more than one workbook
window is open.

F7
Shortcut Key Action

F7 Perform spell check in the selected range.

Ctrl+F7 Activate move window cursor provided window is not maximized.

Shift+F7 Open thesaurus.

F8
Shortcut Key Action

F8 Turn the extend mode on/off.

Ctrl+F8 Activate resize window cursor provided window is not maximized.

Alt+F8 Open Macro dialog box.

Shift+F8 Enable Add to Selection mode - select non-adjacent cells when enabled.

F9
Shortcut Key Action

F9 Refreshes workbook. Performs calculations on formulas.

Ctrl+F9 Minimize workbook.

Shift+F9 Calculate the active worksheet

Ctrl+Alt+F9 Calculate all worksheets in all open workbooks, regardless of whether they
have changed since the last calculation.

Ctrl+Alt+Shift+ F9 Recheck dependent formulas and then calculates all cells in all open
workbooks.

F10
Shortcut Key Action
F10 Select the menu bar and close an open menu and submenu at the same
time.

Ctrl+F10 Maximize or restore the selected workbook window.

Shift+F10 Display the shortcut menu for the selected item.

Alt+Shift+F10 Display the menu or message for a smart tag.

F11
Shortcut Key Action

F11 Create a chart of the data in the selected range.

Ctrl+F11 Create new worksheet with name like Macro1, Macro2…

Alt+F11 Switch between the visual basic editor and the active workbook.

Shift+F11 Create a new worksheet.

Alt+Shift+F11 Open Microsoft script editor.

F12
Shortcut Key Action

F12 Open save as dialog box.

Ctrl+F12 Open the open menu.

Shift+F12 Save the current workbook.

Ctrl+Shift+F12 Open the print menu.