De La Cruz,Marc Noblen G.

CESE/3-2015105150
ESE133-0/C1

RESEARCH WORK #1

1. What is the DOH AO 2016 - 0264? What is its scope and objectives?

DEPARTMENT ORDER
No.2016 – 0264
SUBJECT: Guidelines for the Institutionalization of Occupational Safety and Health in the
Department of Health

SCOPE: This issuance shall apply to the DOH - Central Office, Regional Offices, DOH -
ARMM, Services and Specialty Hospitals; Medical Centers, Hospitals, and Sanitaria;
Treatment and Rehabilitation Centers (TRC); Bureau of Quarantine; Philippine Health
Insurance Corporation, National Nutrition Council, Population Commission, Food and
Drug Administration; and other Attached Agencies.

OBJECTIVES: This Order shall (a) ensure the implementation and sustainability of
Occupational Safety and Health Standards' Rule 1040 and Rule 1960, (b) institutionalize
the Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Policy and Program in all workplaces of the
Department of Health, and (c) pursue the OSH vision, mission and goals of DOH.

2. What are the vision and mission of DOH on OSH?

Vision of DOH on OSH
The Department of Health will be the Center of Excellence in Occupational Safety
and Health in the public sector by 2022.

Mission of DOII on OSH

As the nation's leader in health, we are fully committed, first and foremost, to
safety and health of our workforce by building and sustaining a culture of prevention on
Occupational Safety and Health
3. Identify and discuss at least 5 major provisions of RA 11058.
SEC. 4. Duties of Employers, Workers
and Other Persons.
(a) Every employer, contractor or
subcontractor, if any, and any person
who manages, controls or supervises the
work being undertaken shall:
(1) Furnish the workers a place of
employment free from hazardous conditions
that are causing or are likely to cause death,
illness or physical harm to the workers;
(2) Give complete job safety instructions or
orientation to all the workers especially to
those entering the job for the first time,
including those relating to familiarization
with their work environment:
(3) Inform the Workers of the hazards
associated with their work, health risks
involved or to which they are exposed to,
preventive measures to eliminate or
minimize the risks, and steps to be taken in
cases of emergency;
(4) Use only approved devices and
equipment for the workplace;
(5) Comply with OSH standards including
training medical examination, where
necessary, provision of protective and safety
devices such as personal protective
equipment. (PPE) and machine guards;
(6) Allow workers and their safety and health
representatives to participate actively in the
process of organizing, planning,
implementing and evaluating the safety and
health program to improve safety and health
in the workplace: and
(7) Provide, where necessary. for measures
to deal with emergencies and accidents
including first-aid arrangements.
(b) Every worker shall participate in
ensuring compliance with OSH
standards in the workplace. The worker
shall make proper use of all safeguards
and safety devices furnished for the
worker’s protection and that of others,
and shall observe instructions to prevent
accidents or imminent danger situations
in the workplace. The worker shall
observe the prescribed steps to be taken
in cases of emergency. The worker shall
report to the supervisor any work hazard
that may be discovered in the
workplace.
(c) It shall be the duty of any person,
including the builder or contractor who
visits, builds, renovates or installs
devices or conducts business in any
establishment or Workplace, to comply
with the provisions of this Act and all
other regulations issued by the
Secretary of Labor and Employment.
SEC 5 Workers' Right to Know — The
right to safety and health at work shall
he guaranteed. All workers shall be
appropriately informed by the employer
about all types of hazards in the
Workplace, provided access to training
and education on chemical safety, and
to orientation on the data sheet
chemical safety, electrical safety.
mechanical safety.
SEC 6 Workers’ Right to Refuse Unsafe
Work – The worker has the right of
refusal to work without threat or reprisal
from the employer if, as determined by
the DOLE, an imminent danger situation
exists in the workplace that may result in
illness, injury or death, and corrective
actions to eliminate the danger have not
been undertaken by the employer.
 SEC. 7. Workers’ Right to Report workers, free of charge, protective
Accidents ~ Workers and their equipment for their eyes, face, hands
representatives shall have the light to and feet, and lifeline, safety belt or
report accidents, dangerous harness, gas or dust respirators or
occurrences, and hazards to the masks, and protective shields whenever
employer, to the DOLE and in other necessary by reason of the hazardous
concerned government agencies work process or environment, chemical.
exercising jurisdiction as the competent radiological, mechanical and other in-
authority in the specific industry or manta or hazards capable of causing
economic activity injury or impairment in the function of
any part of the body through absorption,
SEC 8. Workers' Right to Personal inhalation or physical contact. The cost
Protective Equipment of the PPE shall be part of die safety and
health program which is a separate pay
(PPE). — Every employer, contractor OR item pursuant us section 20 of this Act.
subcontractor, if any shall provide his
4. What is the difference between a bilateral and a multilateral
agreement?Trade agreements are either bilateral, involving only two countries, or
multilateral, involving more than two countries. They are usually intended to lower trade
barriers between participating countries (though not necessarily between those countries
and other non-participating countries) and, as a consequence, increase the degree of
economic integration between the participants.

Bilateral Agreement

Bilateral Trade is an agreement where two countries agree to have equal amounts of trade
between each other. It means if one country has a trade deficit, it has to be made up so that the
trade levels meet. This is inferior to multilateral trade where a country trades with numerous
other countries and doesn’t worry about bilateral trade deficits.

Bilateral Trade Agreements

This is an agreement between two countries, or between two trading blocks. It means that they
may agree to reduce tariffs between each other but at the expense of other countries not in the
bilateral trade agreements.

An agreement formed by an exchange of a promise in which the promise of one party is

consideration supporting the promise of the other party.

A bilateral contract is distinguishable from a unilateral contract, a promise made by one party
in exchange for the performance of some act by the other party. The party to a unilateral
contract whose performance is sought is not obligated to act, but if he or she does, the party
that made the promise is bound to comply with the terms of the agreement. In a bilateral
contract both parties are bound by their exchange of promises.
 Both parties to a bilateral contract make promises. With respect to the promise in issue, the
party making the promise is the promisor and the other party is the promisee. The legal
detriment incurred by the promisee consists of a different promise by him or her to do
something or refrain from doing something that he or she was not previously legally obligated
to do or to refrain from doing. This legal detriment constitutes consideration, the cause,
motive, or benefit that induces one to enter into a contract. Consideration is an essential
component of a contract.Traditionally, courts have distinguished between unilateral and
bilateral contracts by determining whether one or both parties provided consideration and
at what point they provided the consideration. Bilateral contracts were said to bind both
parties the minute the parties exchange promises, as each promise is deemed sufficient
consideration in itself. Unilateral contracts are said to bind only the promisor and do not bind
the promisee unless the promisee accepts by performing the obligations specified in the
promisor's offer. Until the promisee performs, he or she has provided no consideration under
the law.

For example, if someone offered to drive you to work on Mondays and Tuesdays in exchange
for your promise to return the favor on Wednesdays and Thursdays, a bilateral contract
would be formed binding both of you once you provided consideration by accepting those
terms. But if that same person offered to pay you $10 each day you drove him to work, a
unilateral contract would be formed, binding only upon the promisor until you provided
consideration by driving him to work on a particular day.

Multilateral Agreement

Multilateral Trade Agreements: Pros, Cons

and Examples
5 Pros and 4 Cons to the World's Largest Trade Agreements
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•••
BY KIMBERLY AMADEO

Updated April 26, 2018

Multilateral trade agreements are commerce treaties between three or more nations. The
agreements reduce tariffs and make it easier for businesses to import and export. Since they are
among many countries, they are difficult to negotiate.

That same broad scope makes them more robust than other types of trade agreements once all
parties sign. Bilateral agreements are easier to negotiate but these are only between two
countries.

They don't have as big an impact on economic growth as does a multilateral agreement.
Five Advantages
Multilateral agreements make all signatories treat each other the same. That means no country
can give better trade deals to one country than it does to another. That levels the playing field.
It's especially critical for emerging market countries. Many of them are smaller in size, making
them less competitive. The Most Favored Nation Status confers the best trading terms a nation
can get from a trading partner. Developing countries benefit the most from this trading status.
The second benefit is that it increases trade for every participant. Their companies enjoy low
tariffs. That makes their exports cheaper.

The third benefit is it standardizes commerce regulations for all the trade partners. Companies
save legal costs since they follow the same rules for each country.

The fourth benefit is that countries can negotiate trade deals with more than one country at a
time. Trade agreements undergo a detailed approval process.

Most countries would prefer to get one agreement ratified covering many countries at once.

The fifth benefit applies to emerging markets. Bilateral trade agreements tend to favor the
country with the best economy. That puts the weaker nation at a disadvantage. But making
emerging markets stronger helps the developed economy over time.

As those emerging markets become developed, their middle class population increases. That
creates new affluent customers for everyone.
Four Disadvantages
The biggest disadvantage of multilateral agreements is that they are complex. That makes them
difficult and time-consuming to negotiate. Sometimes the length of negotiation means it won't
take place at all.

Second, the details of the negotiations are particular to trade and business practices. That means
the public often misunderstands them. As a result, they receive lots of press, controversy, and
protests.

The third disadvantage is common to any trade agreement. Some companies and regions of the
country suffer when trade borders disappear. Smaller businesses can't compete with giant multi-
nationals. They often lay off workers to cut costs. Others move their factories to countries with a
lower standard of living. If a region depended on that industry, it would experience high
unemployment rates. That makes multilateral agreements unpopular.
 5. Identify at least 10 bilateral/multilateral agreements of the Philippines
with other countries.

ASEAN Trade in Goods Agreement

The ASEAN Trade in Goods Agreement (ATIGA) took effect in 2010 and consolidated all
Common Effective Preferential Tariff/ASEAN Free Trade Area (CEPT/AFTA) commitments
related to Trade in Goods. It focuses on tariff liberalization and non-tariff measures as well
as trade facilitation initiatives, simplification of rules of origin, and establishment of an ASEAN
Trade Repository. Visit Invest in ASEAN for updates on ATIGA.

Philippines – Japan Economic Partnership Agreement

The Philippines and Japan entered into an economic partnership agreement in 2008. PJEPA
is the Philippines’ first bilateral free trade agreement, covering, among others, Trade in
Goods, Trade in Services, Investments, Movement of Natural Persons, Intellectual Property,
Customs Procedures, Improvement of the Business Environment, and Government
Procurement.

Philippines – European Free Trade Association Free Trade Agreement

The Philippines and EFTA members – Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, and Switzerland –
signed a free trade agreement in 2016. PH EFTA covers Trade in Goods, Trade in Services,
Investment, Competition, Intellectual Property, Government Procurement, and Trade and
Sustainable Development.

14 agreements between China and Philippines signed

Read more at https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2017/11/15/1759226/14-agreements-between-
china-and-philippines-signed#oSvdsuE0i4zr3fHb.99

 Agreement on Economic and Technical Cooperation between the Government of the

Republic of the Philippines and the People’s Republic of China | Signatories: Department of
Finance Secretary Carlos Dominguez III and International Trade Representative and Vice
Minister of Commerce Fu Ziying

  Memorandum of Understanding on Jointly Promoting on Second Basket of Key

Infrastructure Projects Cooperation between the Department of Finance of the Republic of
the Philippines and the Ministry of Commerce of the Government of the People’s Republic
of China | Signatories: Department of Finance Secretary Carlos Dominguez III and International
Trade Representative and Vice Minister of Commerce Fu Ziying

  Exchange of Letters on Project of Dangerous Drugs Abuse Treatment and

Rehabilitation Centers | Signatories: Department of Health Secretary Francisco Duque and
International Trade Representative and Vice Minister of Commerce Fu Ziying

  Exchange of Letters on Project of Two Bridges Across Pasig River | Signatories:

Department of Public Works and Highways Secretary Mark Villar and International Trade
Representative and Vice Minister of Commerce Fu Ziying

  Memorandum of Understanding for Cooperation on Industrial Parks Development

between the Department of Trade and Industry of the Republic of the Philippines and the
Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China | Signatories: Department of Trade
and Industry Secretary Ramon Lopez and International Trade Representative and Vice Minister
of Commerce Fu Ziying

  Memorandum of Understanding on Jointly Promoting the Philippine National

Railways South Long Hall Project Cooperation between the Department of Transportation
of the Republic of the Philippines and the Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic
of China | Signatories: Department of Transportation Secretary Arthur Tugade and International
Trade Representative and Vice Minister of Commerce Fu Ziying

  Implementation Framework for the Memorandum of Understanding and

Development of Project List for Cooperation in Production Capacity and Investment
between the National Economic and Development Authority of the Republic of the
Philippines and the National Development and Reform Commission of the People’s
Republic of China | Signatories: Socioeconomic Secretary Ernesto Pernia and National
Development and Reform Commission Vice Chairman Zhang Yong

  Memorandum of Understanding between the Department of Environment and

Natural Resources of the Republic of the Philippines and the National Development and
Reform Commission of the People’s Republic of China Concerning the Provision of Goods
for Addressing Climate Change | Signatories: Department of Environment and Natural
Resources Secretary Roy Cimatu and National Development and Reform Commission Vice
Chairman Zhang Yong

  Memorandum of Understanding on Defense Industry Cooperation between the

Department of National Defense of the Republic of the Philippines and the State
Administration of Science Technology Industry of the National Defense of the People’s
Republic of China | Signatories: Defense Secretary Delfin Lorenzana and Deputy Minister of
Foreign Affairs Zhang Yesui

  Memorandum of Understanding between the Intellectual Property Office of the

Philippines and the State Intellectual Property of the People’s Republic of China on
Cooperation in the Field of Intellectual Property | Signatories: Intellectual Property Office
Director General Josephine Santiago and Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Zhang Yesui

  Memorandum of Understanding between the National Youth Commission and the

All-China Youth Federation on Strengthening Youth Cooperation | Signatories: National
Youth Commission Chairperson and CEO Cariza Seguerra and Deputy Minister of Foreign
Affairs Zhang Yesui

  The Financing Cooperation Agreement on Chico River Pump Irrigation Project and
New Centennial Water Source-Kaliwa Dam Project between the Government of the
Republic of the Philippines represented by the Department of Finance and the Export-
Import Bank of China | Signatories: Finance Secretary Carlos Dominguez III and Export-
Import Bank of China President Liu Liange

  The Republic of the Philippines 2017 Renminbi Bond Issuance Underwriting

Agreement | Signatories: Finance Secretary Carlos Dominguez III and Bank of China Limited
Chairman Chen Siqing

  Memorandum of Understanding between the Bases Conversion and Development

Authority and China Development Bank | Signatories: Bases Conversion and Development
Authority Chairman Gregorio Garcia III and China Development Bank Chairman Hu Huaibang


Read more at https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2017/11/15/1759226/14-agreements-between-
china-and-philippines-signed#oSvdsuE0i4zr3fHb.99

Reference: http://finder.tariffcommission.gov.ph/index.php?page=acfta